References


1. Winnie AP, Ramamurthy S, Durrani Z. The inguinal paravascular technic of lumbar plexus anesthesia: the "3-in-1 block". Anesth Analg 1973; 52(6): 989-96.

2. Kaden V, Wolfel H, Kirsch W. Experiences with a combined sciatic and femoral block in surgery of injuries of the lower leg. [Article in German]. Anaesthesiol Reanim 1989; 14(5):299-303.

3. Haddad FS, Williams RL. Femoral nerve block in extracapsular femoral neck fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1995; 77(6): 922-3.

4. Finlayson BJ, Underhill TJ. Femoral nerve block for analgesia in fractures of the femoral neck. Arch Emerg Med 1988; 5(3): 173-176.

5. Striebel HW, Wilker E. Postoperative pain therapy following total endoprosthetic surgery on the hip using a continuous 3-in-1 blockade. [Article in German] Anasthesiol Intensivmed 1993; 28(3): 168-73.

6. Sprotte G. Pre- and postoperative analgesia by lumbar plexus anaesthesia (3 in 1 block) in orthopaedics and traumatology. [Article in German]. Anaesthesist 1981; 0(7): 39-41.

7. Tondare AS, Nadkarni AV. Femoral nerve block for fractured shaft of femur. Can Anaesth Soc J 1982; 29(3): 270-1.

8. Vloka JD, Hadzic A, Mulcare R, Lesser JB, Kitain E, Thys DM. Femoral and genitofemoral nerve blocks versus spinal anesthesia for outpatients undergoing long saphenous vein stripping surgery. Anesth Analg 1997; 84(4): 749-52.

9. Goranson BD, Lang S, Cassidy JD, Dust WN, McKerrell J. A comparison of three regional anaesthesia techniques for outpatient knee arthroscopy. Can J Anaesth 1997; 44(4): 371- 6.

10. Edkin BS, Spindler KP, Flanagan JF. Femoral nerve block as an alternative to parenteral narcotics for pain control after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 1995 Aug; 11(4): 404-9.

11. Serpell MG, Millar FA, Thomson MF. Comparison of lumbar plexus block versus conventional opioid analgesia after total knee replacement. Anaesthesia 1991; 46(4): 275-7.

12. Maccani RM, Wedel DJ, Melton A, Gronert GA. Femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block for muscle biopsies in children. Paediatr Anaesth 1995;5(4):223-7.

13. Dahl JB, Christiansen CL, Daugaard JJ, Schultz P, Carlsson P. Continuous blockade of the lumbar plexus after knee surgery--postoperative analgesia and bupivacaine plasma concentrations. A controlled clinical trial. Anaesthesia 1988; 43(12): 1015-8.

14. Lynch J, Trojan S, Arhelger S, Krings-Ernst I. Intermittent femoral nerve blockade for anterior cruciate ligament repair. Use of a catheter technique in 208 patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 1991; 42(4): 207- 12.

15. Edwards ND, Wright EM. Continuous low-dose 3-in-1 nerve blockade for postoperative pain relief after total knee replacement. Anesth Analg 1992; 75(2): 265-7.

16. Griffith JP, Whiteley S, Gough MJ. Prospective randomized study of a new method of providing postoperative pain relief following femoropopliteal bypass. Br J Surg 1996; 83 (12): 1735-8.

17. Hirst GC, Lang SA, Dust WN, Cassidy JD, Yip RW. Femoral nerve block. Single injection versus continuous infusion for total knee arthroplasty. Reg Anesth 1996; 21(4): 292-7.

19. Khoo ST, Brown TC. Femoral nerve block--the anatomical basis for a single injection technique. Anaesth Intensive Care 1983; 11(1): 40-42.

20. Cauhepe C, Oliver M, Colombani R, Railhac N. The "3-in-1" block: myth or reality? [Article in French] Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 1989; 8(4): 376- 8.

21. Ritter JW. Femoral nerve "sheath" for inguinal paravascular lumbar plexus block is not found in human cadavers. J Clin Anesth 1995; 7(6): 470-3.

22. Lang SA, Yip RW, Chang PC, Gerard MA. The femoral 3-in-1 block revisited. J Clin Anesth 1993; 5(4): 292-6.

23. Seeberger MD, Urwyler A. Paravascular lumbar plexus block: block extension after femoral nerve stimulation and injection of 20 vs. 40 ml mepivacaine 10 mg/ml.. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1995; 39(6): 769-73.

24. Robison C, Ray DC, McKeown DW, Buchan AS. Effect of adrenaline on plasma concentrations of bupivacaine following lower limb nerve block. Br J Anaesth 1991; 66(2): 228-31.

25. Postel J, Marz P. Continuous blockade of the lumbar plexus ("3-in-1 block") in perioperative pain therapy. [Article in German]. Reg Anaesth 1984; 7(4): 140-3.

26. Anker-Moller E, Spangsberg N, Dahl JB, Christensen EF, Schultz P, Carlsson P. Continuous blockade of the lumbar plexus after knee surgery: a comparison of the plasma concentrations and analgesic effect of bupivacaine 0.250% and 0.125%. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1990; 34(6): 468-72.

26. Johr M. A complication of continuous blockade of the femoral nerve. [Article in German]. Reg Anaesth 1987; 10(1): 37-8.

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