Ropivacaine References

1. Mazoit-J-X. Boico-O. Samii-K. Myocardial uptake of bupivacaine: II. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bupivacaine enantiomers in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. Anesth-Analg. 1993 Sep. 77(3). P 477-82.

2. de-Jong-R-H. 1995 Gaston Labat Lecture. Ropivacaine. White knight or dark horse? Reg-Anesth. 1995 Nov-Dec. 20(6). P 474-81.

3. Lee A, Fagan D, Lamont M, Tucker GT, Halldin M, Scott DB. Disposition kinetics of ropivacaine in humans. Anesth Analg. 1989;69:736-8.

4. Datta-S. Camann-W. Bader-A. VanderBurgh-L. Clinical effects and maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of epidural ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for cesarean section. Anesthesiology. 1995 Jun. 82(6). P 1346-52.

5. van-Kleef-J-W. Veering-B-T. Burm-A-G. Spinal anesthesia with ropivacaine: a double-blind study on the efficacy and safety of 0.5% and 0.75% solutions in patients undergoing minor lower limb surgery. Anesth-Analg. 1994 Jun. 78(6). P 1125-30.

6. Brockway-M-S. Bannister-J. McClure-J-H. McKeown-D. Wildsmith-J-A. Comparison of extradural ropivacaine and bupivacaine. Br-J-Anaesth. 1991 Jan. 66(1). P 31-7.

7. Brown-D-L. Carpenter-R-L. Thompson-G-E. Comparison of 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing lower-extremity surgery. Anesthesiology. 1990 Apr. 72(4). P 633-6.

8. Hickey-R. Rowley-C-L. Candido-K-D. Hoffman-J. Ramamurthy-S. Winnie-A-P. A comparative study of 0.25% ropivacaine and 0.25% bupivacaine for brachial plexus block. Anesth-Analg. 1992 Oct. 75(4). P 602-6.

9. Hickey-R. Hoffman-J. Ramamurthy-S. A comparison of ropivacaine 0.5% and bupivacaine 0.5% for brachial plexus block. Anesthesiology. 1991 Apr. 74(4). P 639-42.

10. Vainionpaa-V-A. Haavisto-E-T. Huha-T-M. Korpi-K-J. Nuutinen- L-S. Hollm'en-A-I. Jozwiak-H-M. Magnusson-A-A. A clinical and pharmacokinetic comparison of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in axillary plexus block. Anesth-Analg. 1995 Sep. 81(3). P 534-8.

11. Stienstra-R. Jonker-T-A. Bourdrez-P. Kuijpers-J-C. van- Kleef-J-W. Lundberg-U. Ropivacaine 0.25% versus bupivacaine 0.25% for continuous epidural analgesia in labor: a double-blind comparison. Anesth-Analg. 1995 Feb. 80(2). P 285-9.

12. Eddleston-J-M. Holland-J-J. Griffin-R-P. Corbett-A. Horsman- E-L. Reynolds-F. A double-blind comparison of 0.25% ropivacaine and 0.25% bupivacaine for extradural analgesia in labour. Br-J-Anaesth. 1996 Jan. 76(1). P 66-71.

13. Alahuhta-S. Rasanen-J. Jouppila-P. Kangas-Saarela-T. Jouppila-R. Westerling-P. Hollm'en-A-I. The effects of epidural ropivacaine and bupivacaine for cesarean section on uteroplacental and fetal circulation. Anesthesiology. 1995 Jul. 83(1). P 23-32.

14. Griffin-R-P. Reynolds-F. Extradural anaesthesia for caesarean section: a double-blind comparison of 0.5% ropivacaine with 0.5% bupivacaine. Br-J-Anaesth. 1995 May. 74(5). P 512-6.

15. Morrison-L-M. Emanuelsson-B-M. McClure-J-H. Pollok-A-J. McKeown-D-W. Brockway-M. Jozwiak-H. Wildsmith-J-A. Efficacy and kinetics of extradural ropivacaine: comparison with bupivacaine. Br-J-Anaesth. 1994 Feb. 72(2). P 164-9.

16. Tuttle-A-A. Katz-J-A. Bridenbaugh-P-O. Quinlan-R. Knarr-D. A double-blind comparison of the abdominal wall relaxation produced by epidural 0.75% ropivacaine and 0.75% bupivacaine in gynecologic surgery. Reg-Anesth. 1995 Nov-Dec. 20(6). P 515- 20.

17. Hickey-R. Blanchard-J. Hoffman-J. Sjovall-J. Ramamurthy-S. Plasma concentrations of ropivacaine given with or without epinephrine for brachial plexus block. Can-J-Anaesth. 1990 Nov. 37(8). P 878-82.

18. Hickey-R. Candido-K-D. Ramamurthy-S. Winnie-A-P. Blanchard-J. Raza-S-M. Hoffman-J. Durrani-Z. Masters-R-W. Brachial plexus block with a new local anaesthetic: 0.5 per cent ropivacaine [see comments] Can-J-Anaesth. 1990 Oct. 37(7). P 732-8.

19. Santos-A-C. Pedersen-H. Sallusto-J-A. Johnson-H-V Morishima-H- O. Finster-M. Arthur-G-R. Covino-B-G. Pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine in nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. Anesth-Analg. 1990 Mar. 70(3). P 262-6.

20. Santos-A-C. Arthur-G-R. Pedersen-H. Morishima-H-O. Finster- M. Covino-B-G. Systemic toxicity of ropivacaine during ovine pregnancy. Anesthesiology. 1991 Jul. 75(1). P 137-41.

21. Moller-R. Covino-B-G. Cardiac electrophysiologic properties of bupivacaine and lidocaine compared with those of ropivacaine, a new amide local anesthetic. Anesthesiology. 1990 Feb. 72(2). P 322-9.

22. Pitkanen-M. Feldman-H-S. Arthur-G-R. Covino-B-G. Chronotropic and inotropic effects of ropivacaine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine in the spontaneously beating and electrically paced isolated, perfused rabbit heart. Reg-Anesth. 1992 Jul-Aug. 17(4). P 183-92.

23. Reiz-S, Haggmark-S, Johansson-G, Nath-S. Cardiotoxicity of ropivacaine - a new amide local anaesthetic agent. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1989;33:93-8.

24. Nancarrow-C. Rutten-A-J. Runciman-W-B. Mather-L-E. Carapetis-R-J. McLean-C-F. Hipkins-S-F. Myocardial and cerebral drug concentrations and the mechanisms of death after fatal intravenous doses of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine in the sheep. Anesth-Analg. 1989 Sep. 69(3). P 276-83.

25. Feldman-H-S. Arthur-G-R. Covino-B-G. Comparative systemic toxicity of convulsant and supraconvulsant doses of intravenous ropivacaine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine in the conscious dog. Anesth-Analg. 1989 Dec. 69(6). P 794-801.

26. Feldman-H-S. Arthur-G-R. Pitkanen-M. Hurley-R. Doucette-A-M. Covino-B-G. Treatment of acute systemic toxicity after the rapid intravenous injection of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in the conscious dog. Anesth-Analg. 1991 Oct. 73(4). P 373-84.

27. Scott-DB, Lee-A, Fagan-D, Bowler-GMR, Bloomfield-P, Lundh-R. Acute toxicity of ropivacaine compared with that of bupivacaine. Anesth Analg. 1989;69:536-9.

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