1999 Summer Research: Cynthia Sim


Reconstruction and repair of the anterior cruciate ligament

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is critical to knee joint stability as well as the collateral ligaments. Hyperextension can lead to tearing of the ACL with associated meniscal tears. Reconstruction of the ACL after injury consists of three different types of grafts. The patellar tendon bone graft has proven to remain consistently viable and is the one most commonly done among patients in this region. After reconstruction, the patient must focus on range of motion (ROM), weight-bearing, strength recovery, and a return to daily activities. Physical therapists help the patient do knee exercises with closed kinetic chain (ckc) and open kinetic chain (okc), to aid in the rehab process. Modalities such as the electromyogram (EMG) biofeedback and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) are tools to improve quality of contraction and recovery in that area. Depending on the surgeons preference, and due to other factors, different ACL bracings are designed to assist or to provide stability for the unstable knee. After total reconstruction, several different guidelines have been established to help determine when an athlete can safely return to sports.