Chapter 8: "Reclaiming Governance in a Transnational Context: European Lessons and Domestic Policy Alternatives," Margaret E. Bek

  1. The Alliance for Responsible Trade, Citizens Trade Campaign, The Mexican Action Network on Free Trade, A Just and Sustainable Trade and Development Initiative for the Western Hemisphere, Dec. 9, 1994, page 4.
  2. Speech of President Jaques Santer, European Union Regional Policy and Cohesion: Keynote speeches, Brussels, June 13, 1996. http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg16/key/synopsis.htm
  3. Council of Economic Advisers, The Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1996), page 37.
  4. Figures taken from Commission of the European Communities, Competitiveness and Cohesion: Trends in the Regions, Fifth Periodic Report on the Social and Economic Situation and Development of the Regions in the Community, (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publication of the European Communities, 1994), pages 192-97.
  5. Anderson, Jeffrey J. Structural Funds and the Social Dimension of EU Policy: Springboard or Stumbling Block, European Social Policy Between Fragmentation and Integration, the Brookings Institution, Washington DC. 1995, page 123.
  6. European Commission Directorate-General XVI. European Union Regional Policy and Cohesion. Edited by Mr. Jean-Pierre Berg. http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg16/cohesion/cohehome.htp
  7. Ibid. http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg16/reg_prog/po/prog_290.htm
  8. Ibid.
  9. Graph and breakdown from same source ibid.
  10. Now referred to as the Euro. (MECU means millions in Euro)
  11. Ibid.
  12. European Commission Directorate-General XVI. European Union Regional Policy and Cohesion. Edited by Mr. Jean-Pierre Berg. http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg16/reg_prog/po/prog_31.htm
  13. Ibid. http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg16/reg_prog/po/prog_31.htm
  14. Available funding, European Union Regional Policy and Cohesion Guide, Available Funding, Edited by Mr Jean-Pierre Berg. http://europa.eu.int/en.comm/dg16/guide/guid3.htm
  15. See Yasmin Azam's Chapter previously in this section on labor and migration (Chapter 7)
  16. Cohen, Roger. For France, Sagging Self-Image and Esprit, New York Times. February 11, 1997.
  17. Edited by Nelson, Brent F. and Stubb, Alexander C-G. The European Union: Readings on the Theory and Practice of European Integration, Boulder London: Lynne Reinner publishers, 1994, page 200.
  18. Ibid.
  19. Cohen, op. cit.
  20. European Union Regional Policy and Cohesion, Keynote speeches synopsis, The role of the European Union, Commissioner Monika Wulf-Mathies, Sept. 30, 1996. http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg16/key/synopsis.htm
  21. Ibid.
  22. Nelson, Brent F. and Stubb, Alexander C-G, The European Union: Readings on the Theory and Practice of European Integration, Boulder: Lynne Reinner Publishers, Inc. 1995, page 241.
  23. See Molly Scott's section Chapter 6 of this volume, and Yasmin Azam's Chapter 7 of this volume to better illustrate this point.
  24. Ibid. page 272.
  25. Ireland, Patrick R. Migration, Free Movement, and Immigrant Integration in the EU: A Bifurcated Policy Response, European Social Policy Between Fragmentation and Integration, the Brookings Institution, Washington DC. 1995. Page 237.
  26. See Yasmin Azam's Chapter 7 dealing with labor and migration.
  27. Laquer, Walter, Europe in Our Time: a History, 1945-1992, New York: Penguin Books, 1993, pages 484-485.
  28. Ireland, Patrick R. op. cit. page 263.
  29. Laquer, Walter, op. cit. page 284.
  30. Ireland, Patrick R, op. cit. page 263.
  31. Ireland, Patrick R, ibid.
  32. See Dave Cagen's Chapter 1 discussing Free vs. Fair trade in more detail.
  33. See Rebecca Stanton's Chapter 8 of this volume for a more in-depth discussion of the failure of the NAALC.
  34. Foreign Trade Information System, Organization of the American States, http://www.sice.org/trade/nafta/Labor-C1.stm
  35. Ibid.
  36. All information in this paragraph from ibid.
  37. The Alliance for Responsible trade, Citizens Trade Campaign, The Mexican Action Network on Free Trade, A Just and Sustainable Trade and Development Initiative for the Western Hemisphere, Dec. 9, 1994, page 4., Dec. 9, 1994, page 4.
  38. Ibid., page 4.
  39. Ibid., page 5.
  40. See Yasmin Azam's Chapter 7 on Labor and Migration for examples.
  41. The Alliance for Responsible Trade, Citizens Trade Campaign, The Mexican Action Network on Free Trade, A Just and Sustainable Trade and Development Initiative for the Western Hemisphere, Dec. 9, 1994, page 5.
  42. See David Cagen's Chapter 1.
  43. See Rebecca Stanton's Chapter 8 of this volume for a more detailed explanation of the role and effect of the NAO.
  44. The Alliance for Responsible Trade, Citizens Trade Campaign, The Mexican Action Network on Free Trade, A Just and Sustainable Trade and Development Initiative for the Western Hemisphere, Dec. 9, 1994, page 6.
  45. Doll, Bradford. Nafta as the Model, Council of Economic Advisors, page 451.
  46. Ireland, Patrick R, op. cit. page 286.