Japanese American
Citizens League (JACL)
Anti-Japanese campaigns in the 1920s led to federal laws banning further immigration and a state Alien Land Act that made it illegal for  Asian immigrants to own property.
Japanese Americans organized the Seattle Progressive Citizens League in 1921 to protect their rights. In 1929, the Japanese American Citizens League was launched.
James Sakamoto, publisher of the Japanese American Courier, was a leader of both organizations.