Carol Ware, Ph.D. Research Associate Professor Department of Comparative Medicine School of Medicine University of Washington Office, T-140W, HSB, Box 357190 1959 NE Pacific Street Seattle , WA 98195-7190 Tel: 206-616-5143 Fax: 206-685-3006 email: cware@u.washington.edu

Carol Ware received her PhD in 1986 from the National University of Ireland, University College, Dublin in Embryology and Reproductive Physiology. She was a Research Fellow at the University of Wisconsin until 1988, where she studied embryonic stem cell derivation and nuclear transfer. She joined the Molecular Immunology group at Immunex as a Research Scientist and moved to the University of Washington in 1995 and is now Director of the Human ES Cell Core and Co-director of the Transgenic Resource Facility.

ES cells are pluripotent cells capable of self-renewing indefinitely in vitro and differentiating into a broad array of cells types. Mouse ES cells are used for targeted gene mutation to make animal models of disease. Through the ability to differentiate, ES cells have the potential to provide unlimited material for tissue transplantation therapies. In the context of the Human ES Cell Core, Dr. Ware’s research is involved with improving both the self-renewal and differentiation capacity of human ES cells and working with the laboratories that participate with the Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM) to advance their interests (among which are hematopoiesis, retinal neurogenesis, cardiomyogenesis, gene therapy and carcinogenesis).

Another interest in the laboratory, in collabortion with Drs. Denny Liggitt and Bob Harrington in Comparative Medicine and Dr. Don Knowles at Washington State University, is the role of prion misfolding in transmission of chronic wasting disease in elk. Conventional transgenesis and gene knock-in approaches in mice are being used to pursue questions in protease resistant prion transmission and progression.

Recent publications

Ware CB and Boland MP. (1987) Effect of varying glycerol and sucrose concentration combinations on embryo survival rate in a one-step cryoprotectant removal from frozen-thawed ovine embryos. Theriogenology 27:721-728.

Ware CB, Horowitz MC, Renshaw BR, Hunt JS, Liggitt D, Koblar SA, Gliniak BC, McKenna HJ, Papayannopoulou T, Thoma B, Donovan PJ, Peschon JJ, Bartlett PF, Willis CR, Wright BD, Carpenter MK, Davison BL and Gearing DP. (1995) Targeted disruption of the low-affinity leukemia inhibitory factor receptor gene causes placental, skeletal, neural and metabolic defects and results in perinatal death. Development 121:1283-1299.

Ware CB, Nelson AM and Liggitt D. (2003) Late Gestation Modulation of Fetal Glucocorticoid Effects Requires the Receptor for Leukemia Inhibitory Factor: An Observational Study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 1:43.

Ware CB, Nelson AM and Blau CA. (2005) Controlled-rate freezing of human ES cells. Bio Techniques 38:879-833.

Chang KH, Nelson AM, Cao H, Wang L, Nakamoto B, Ware CB and Papayannopoulo T. (2006) Definitive-like erythroid cells derived from human embryonic stem cells co-express high levels of embryonic and fetal globins with little or no adult globin. Blood 108:1515-1523.

Lambda DA, Karl MO, Ware CB and Reh TA. (2006) Efficient generation of retinal progenitor cellls from human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:12769-12774.

Ware CB, Nelson Am and Blau CA. (2006) A comparison of NIH-approved ES cell lines. Stem Cells 24:2677-2684.

Tuve S, Wang H, Ware C, Liu Y, Gaggar A, Bernt K, Shavakhmetov D, Li Z, Strauss R, Sone D and Lieber A. (2006) A new group B adenovirus receptor is expressed at high levels on human stem and tumor cells. J Virol 80:12109-12120.

Nussbaum J, Minami E, Laflamme MA, Virag JA, Ware CB, Masino A, Muskheli V, Pabo L, Reinecke H and Murray CE. (2007) Transplantation of undifferentiated murine embryonic stem cells in the heart: teratoma formation and immune response. FASEB J (epub 6 Feb,2007).