FADU Publications


Fetal Alcohol And Drug Unit
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
University of Washington School of Medicine



Prospective Longitudinal Study on Alcohol & Pregnancy

Selected Publications


Barr, H.M., Bookstein, F.L., O'Malley, K.O., Connor, P.D., Huggins, J.E., & Streissguth, A.P. (2006). Binge drinking during pregnancy as a predictor of psychiatric disorders on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV in young adult offspring. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(6), 1061-1065.

Connor, P., Sampson, P.D., Streissguth, A.P., Bookstein, F.L., & Barr, H.M. (2006). Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on fine motor coordination and balance: A study of two adult samples. Neuropsychologia, 44(5), 744-751.

Baer, J.S., Sampson, P.D., Barr, H.M., Connor, P.D., & Streissguth, A.P. (2003). A 21-Year Longitudinal Analysis of the Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Young Adult Drinking. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60, 377-385.

Barr, H.M. & Streissguth, A.P. (2001). Identifying maternal self-reported alcohol use associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 25(2), 283-287. Click here to read abstract.

Sampson, P.D., Streissguth, A.P., Bookstein, F.L., & Barr, H. (2000). On categorizations in analyses of alcohol teratogenesis. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(supplement 3), 421-428. Click to view this article in pdf format.

Streissguth, A.P., Barr, H.M., Bookstein, F.L., Sampson, P.D., & Carmichael Olson, H. (1999). The long-term neurocognitive consequences of prenatal alcohol: A 14-year study. Psychological Science, 10(3), 186-190. Click here to read abstract.

Baer, J.S., Barr, H.M., Bookstein, F.L., Sampson, P.D., & Streissguth, A.P. (1998). Prenatal alcohol exposure and family history of alcoholism in the etiology of adolescent alcohol problems. Journal on Studies on Alcohol, 59, 553-543.

Sampson, P.D., Streissguth, A.P., Bookstein, F.L., Little, R.E., Clarren, S.K., Dehaene, P., Hanson, J.W., & Graham Jr, J.M. (1997). Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Teratology, 56(5), 317-326.

Carmichael Olson, H., Streissguth, A.P., Sampson, P.D., Barr, H.M., Bookstein, F.L., & Thiede, K. (1997). Association of prenatal alcohol exposure with behavioral and learning problems in early adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(9), 1187-1194. Click here to read abstract.

Bookstein, F.L., Sampson, P., Streissguth, A.P., & Barr, H. (1996). Exploiting redundant measurement of dose and developmental outcome: New methods from the Behavioral Teratology of Alcohol. Developmental Psychology, 32, 404-415.

Streissguth, A.P., Bookstein, F.L., Sampson, P.D., & Barr, H.M. (1995). Attention: Prenatal alcohol and continuities of vigilance and attentional problems from 4 through 14 years. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 419-446.

Streissguth, A.P., Barr, H.M., Sampson, P.D., & Bookstein, F.L. (1994). Prenatal alcohol and offspring development: The first fourteen years. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 36, 89-99.

Sampson, P.D., Bookstein, F.L., Barr, H.M., & Streissguth, A.P. (1994). Prenatal alcohol exposure, birthweight, and measures of child size from birth to age 14 years. American Journal of Public Health, 84(9), 1421-1428.

Streissguth, A.P., Barr, H.M., Carmichael Olson, H., Sampson, P.D., Bookstein, F.L., & Burgess, D.M. (1994). Drinking during pregnancy decreases Word Attack and arithmetic scores on standardized tests: Adolescent data from a population-based prospective study. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 18, 248-254.

Streissguth, A.P., Sampson, P.D., Carmichael Olson, H., Bookstein, F.L., Barr, H.M., Scott M., Feldman, J., & Mirsky, A.F. (1994). Maternal drinking during pregnancy and attention/memory performance in 14-year-old children: A longitudinal prospective study. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 18(1), 202-218.

Streissguth, A.P., Barr, H.M., Bookstein, F.L., & Sampson, P.D. (1993). The Enduring Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Child Development: Birth through 7 Years, A Partial Least Squares Solution. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press (300 pp).

Carmichael Olson, H., Sampson, P.D., Barr, H.M., Streissguth, A.P., & Bookstein, F.L. (1992). Prenatal exposure to alcohol and school problems in late childhood: A longitudinal prospective study. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 341-359.

Streissguth, A.P., Barr, H.M., & Sampson, P.D. (1990). Moderate prenatal alcohol exposure: Effects on child IQ and learning problems at age 7 1/2 years. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 14(5), 662-669. Click here to read abstract.

Streissguth, A.P., Barr, H.M., Sampson, P.D., Bookstein, F.L., Darby, B.L. (1989). Neurobehavioral effects of prenatal alcohol. Parts I, II, & III. Neurotoxicology & Teratology, 11(5), 461-507.

Streissguth, A.P., Barr, H.M., Sampson, P.D., Darby, B.L., & Martin, D.C. (1989). IQ at age 4 in relation to maternal alcohol use and smoking during pregnancy. Developmental Psychology, 25(1): 3-11.

Streissguth, A.P., Barr, H.M., Sampson, P.D., Parrish-Johnson, J.C., Kirchner, G.L., & Martin, D.C. (1986). Attention, distraction and reaction time at age 7 years and prenatal alcohol exposure. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, 8(6), 717-725.

Streissguth, A.P., Martin, D.C., Barr, H.M., Sandman, B.M., Kirchner, G.L., & Darby, B.L. (1984). Intrauterine alcohol and nicotine exposure: Attention and reaction time in 4-year-old children. Developmental Psychology, 20(4), 533-541.

 


Parent-Child Assistance Program (PCAP)

Selected Publications


Huggins, J.E., Grant, T., O'Malley, K., Streissguth, A.P. (2008) Suicide attempts among adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Clinical considerations. Mental Health Aspects of Developmental Disabilities, 11(2):33-41.

Grant, T.M., Youngblood Pedersen, J., Whitney, N., & Ernst, E. (2007). The role of therapeutic intervention with substance abusing mothers: Preventing FASD in the next generation. In: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: The Diagnostic, Natural History and Therapeutic Issues Through the Lifespan. K. O'Malley (Ed.). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Grant, T.M., Bookstein, F.L., Whitney, N.L., & Streissguth, A.P. (2006). Neonatal cranial ultrasound leads to early diagnosis and early intervention in baby of alcohol-abusing mother. Mental Health Aspects of Developmental Disabilities, 9(4), 125-127.

Grant, T., Ernst, C., Streissguth, A., & Stark, K. (2005). Preventing alcohol and drug exposed births in Washington State: Intervention findings from three Parent-Child Assistance Program sites. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 31(3): 471-490.

Grant, T., Huggins, J., Connor, P., & Streissguth, A. (2005). Quality of Life and Psychosocial Profile Among Young Women With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Mental Health Aspects of Developmental Disabilities, 8(2), 33-39.

Grant, T., Huggins, J., Connor, P., Pederson, J., Whitney, N., & Streissguth, A. (2004). A pilot community intervention for young women with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Community Mental Health Journal. 40(6), 499-511.

Grant, T. (2004). PCAP Receives National Exemplary Prevention Award. Focus. 14(3), 1 & 3.

Grant, T., Ernst, C.C., Pagalilauan G., & Streissguth, A.P. (2003). Post-program follow-up effects of paraprofessional intervention with high-risk women who abused alcohol and drugs during pregnancy. Journal of Community Psychology 31(3), 211-222.

Umlah, C. & Grant, T. (2003). Intervening to prevent prenatal alcohol and drug exposure: The Manitoba experience in replicating a paraprofessional model. Manitoba Journal of Child Welfare, 2(1), 1-12.

Grant, T., Streissguth, A., Ernst, C. (2002). Benefits and challenges of paraprofessional advocacy with mothers who abuse alcohol and drugs and their children. Zero to 3. 23(2):14-20.

Grant, T.M., Streissguth, A.P., & Ernst, CC. (2002). Intervention with alcohol & drug abusing mothers and their children: The role of the paraprofessional. The Source: Newsletter of the National Abandoned Infants Assistance Resource Center, 11(3): 5-26. Here is the issue in its entirety.

Kartin, D., Grant, T.M., Streissguth, A.P., Sampson, PD & Ernst, CC. (2002). Three-year developmental outcomes in children with prenatal alcohol and drug exposure. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 14: 145-153

Grant, T.M., Ernst, C.C., & Streissguth, A.P. (1999). Intervention with high-risk alcohol and drug-abusing mothers: I. Administrative Strategies of the Seattle Model of Paraprofessional Advocacy. Journal of Community Psychology, 27(1), 1-18.

Ernst, C.C., Grant, T.M., & Streissguth, A.P. (1999). Intervention with high-risk alcohol and drug-abusing mothers: II. 3-year findings from the Seattle Model of Paraprofessional Advocacy. Journal of Community Psychology, 27(1), 19-38.

Grant, T.M., Ernst, C.C., Streissguth, A.P., & Porter (1997). An advocacy program for mothers with FAS/FAE. In: Streissguth, A.P. & Kanter J. (eds.) The Challenge of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Overcoming Secondary Disabilities (pp. 102-112). Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Grant, T.M., Ernst, C.C., McAuliff, S., & Streissguth, A.P. (1997). The Difference Game: An assessment tool and intervention strategy for facilitating change in high-risk clients. Families in Society, 78 (4), 429-432.

Grant, T.M., Ernst, C.C., Streissguth, A.P., Phipps, P., & Gendler, B. (1996). When case management isn't enough: A model of paraprofessional advocacy for drug- and alcohol-abusing mothers. Journal of Case Management, 5 (1), 3-11.

Grant, T.M., Ernst, C.C., & Streissguth, A.P. (1996). An intervention with high risk mothers who abuse alcohol and drugs: The Seattle Advocacy Model. American Journal of Public Health, 86(12), 1816-1817. This article is reprinted with permission from the American Public Health Association.

 













Neuroanatomic/Neuropsychologic Analyses of FAS/FAE Deficits and Functional MRI of FAS/FAE

Selected Publications


Bookstein, F.L., Sampson, P.D., Connor, P.D., & Streissguth, A.P. (2002). Midline corpus callosum is a neuroanatomical focus of fetal alcohol damage. The Anatomical Record, The New Anatomist, 269(3), 162-174.

Bookstein, F.L., Streissguth, A.P., Sampson, P.D., Connor, P.D., & Barr, H.M. (2002). Corpus callosum shape and neuropsychological deficits in adult males with heavy fetal alcohol exposure. NeuroImage, 15(1), 233-251.

Bookstein, F.L., Sampson, P.D., Streissguth, A.P., & Connor, P.D. (2001). Geometric morphometrics of corpus callosum and subcortical structures in the fetal-alcohol-affected brain. Teratology, 64, 4-32.

Connor, P.D., Sampson, P.D., Bookstein, F.L., Barr, H., & Streissguth, A.P. (2001). Direct and indirect effects of prenatal alcohol damage on executive function. Developmental Neuropsychology, 18(3), 331-354.

 













Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Follow-up Project

Selected Publications


Streissguth, A.P., Bookstein, F.L., Barr, H.M., Sampson, P.D., O'Malley, K., Young, J.K. (2004). Risk Factors for Adverse Life Outcomes in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 25(4), 228-238.

Streissguth, A.P., & Connor, P.D. (2001). Fetal alcohol syndrome and other effects of prenatal alcohol: Developmental cognitive neuroscience implications. In Nelson, C.A. & Luciana, M. (eds). The Handbook of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience. Massachusetts: MIT Press.

Kelly, S.J., Day, N., & Streissguth, A.P. (2000). Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on social behavior in humans and other species. Neurotoxicology & Teratology, 22(2), 143-149.

Connor, P.D., Streissguth, A.P., Sampson, P.D., Bookstein, F.L., & Barr, H.M. (1999). Individual differences in auditory and visual attention in fetal alcohol-affected adults. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 23(8), 1395-1402.

Streissguth, A.P., Bookstein, F.L., Barr, H.M., Press, S., & Sampson, P.D. (1998). A Fetal Alcohol Behavior Scale. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 22(2), 325-333.

Famy, C., Streissguth, A.P., Unis, A. (1998). Mental illness in adult patients with fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(4), 552-554.

Kerns, K.A., Don, A., Mateer, C.A., & Streissguth, A.P. (1997). Cognitive deficits in nonretarded adults with fetal alcohol syndrome. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 30(6), 685-693.

Streissguth, A., Barr, H., Kogan, J., & Bookstein, F. (1997) Primary and secondary disabilities in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. In: Streissguth, A.P. & Kanter J. (eds.) The Challenge of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Overcoming Secondary Disabilities (pp. 25-39). Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Kopera-Frye, K., Carmichael Olson, H., & Streissguth, A.P. (1997). Teratogenic effects of alcohol on attention. In J. Burack & J. Enns (Eds.). Attention, Development, & Psychopathology (pp. 171-204). New York: Guilford Press.

Connor, P.D., & Streissguth, A.P. (1996). Effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol across the lifespan. Alcohol Health & Research World, 20(3), 170-174.

Kopera-Frye, K., Dehaene, S., & Streissguth, A.P. (1996). Impairments of number processing induced by prenatal alcohol exposure. Neuropsychologia, 34(12), 1187-1196.

Streissguth, A.P. (1994). A long-term perspective of FAS. Alcohol Health and Research World, 18(1), 74-81.

Streissguth, A.P., & Dehaene, P. (1993) Fetal alcohol syndrome in twins of alcoholic mothers: Concordance of diagnosis and IQ. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 47, 857-861.

Wilber, E.W., Newell-Morris, L., & Streissguth, A.P. (1993). Dermatoglyphic asymmetry in fetal alcohol syndrome. Biology of the Neonate, 64(1), 1-6.

Streissguth, A.P., Randels, S.P., & Smith, D.F. (1991). A test-retest study of intelligence in patients with fetal alcohol syndrome: Implications for care. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(4), 584-587.

Streissguth, A.P., Aase, J.M., Clarren, S.K., Randels, S.P., LaDue, R.A., & Smith, D.F. (1991). Fetal alcohol syndrome in adolescents and adults. Journal of American Medical Association, 265(15), 1961-1967. Click here to read abstract.

Streissguth, A.P., Clarren, S.K., & Jones, K.L. (1985). Natural history of the fetal alcohol syndrome: A ten-year follow-up of eleven patients. Lancet, 2, 85-91.

Streissguth, A.P., Herman, C.S., & Smith, D.W. (1978). Intelligence, behavior, and dysmorphogenesis in the fetal alcohol syndrome: A report on 20 patients. Journal of Pediatrics, 92(3), 363-367.

Jones, K.L., Smith, D.W., Streissguth, A.P., & Myrianthopoulos, N.C. (1974). Outcome in offspring of chronic alcoholic women. Lancet, 1(866), 1076-1078.

Jones, K.L., Smith, D.W., Ulleland, C.N., & Streissguth, A.P. (1973). Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers. Lancet, 1(815), 1267-1271.

 


Interventions with FAS Patients

Selected Publications


Gelo, J., & O'Malley, K.D. (2003). Family stress in parenting a child or adolescent with FASD. Iceberg, 13(1), 1-4.

O'Malley, K. & Streissguth, A. (2002) Clinical intervention and support for children aged zero to 5 years with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and their parents/caregivers. Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development. Click to view the pdf slide presentation that summarizes this article. Click here to read this article in French.

Streissguth, A.P., & O'Malley, K. (2000). Neuropsychiatric implications and long-term consequences of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 5(3), 177-190. Click here to read abstract.

O'Malley, K.D. (2000). Update on the role of medication in treating patients with FASD. Iceberg, September, 4-5.

O'Malley, K.D., & Hagerman, R. (1999). Developing clinical practice guidelines for pharmacological interventions with alcohol-affected children. In: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, eds., Intervening with children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure: Proceedings of a special focus session of the Interagency Coordinating Committee on fetal alcohol syndrome. Chevy Chase, MD: National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, pp. 145-177.

Streissguth, A, (1999). The cognitive, social, and health impacts of prenatal alcohol exposure: Intervention issues for reasonable standards of community care. Center of Disease control & Prevention (eds.) Interviewing with Children Affected by prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Proceedings of a special Focus Session of the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 21-42.

Grant, T.M., Ernst, C.C., & Streissguth, A.P. (1999). Intervention with high-risk alcohol and drug-abusing mothers: I. Administrative strategies of the Seattle model of paraprofessional advocacy. Journal of Community Psychology, 27(1), 1-18.

Ernst, C.C., Grant, T.M., Streissguth, A.P., & Sampson, P.D. (1999) Intervention with high-risk alcohol and drug-abusing mothers: II. 3-year findings of the Seattle models of paraprofessional advocacy. Journal of Community Psychology, 27(1), 1-18.

Grant, T., Ernst, C., Streissguth, A., & Porter, J. (1997). An advocacy program for mothers with FAS/FAE. In: Streissguth, A.P. & Kanter J. (eds.) The Challenge of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Overcoming Secondary Disabilities (pp. 102-112). Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Streissguth, A.P. & Kanter, J. (Eds.) (1997). The Challenge of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Overcoming Secondary Disabilities (300 pp.). Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Streissguth, A.P. (1997). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Guide for Families and Communities (309 pp.). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.

Streissguth, A.P. & O'Malley, K.D. (1997). Fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects: Secondary disabilities and mental health approaches. Treatment Today, 9 (2), 16-17.

Novick, N.J. & Streissguth, A.P. (1996). Part 2: Thoughts on treatment of adults and adolescents impaired by fetal alcohol exposure. Treatment Today, 7(4), 20-21.

Streissguth, A.P. & Novick, N.J. (1995). Part 1: Identifying clients with possible fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol effects in the treatment setting. Treatment Today, 7(3), 14-15.

Streissguth, A.P., Moon-Jordan, A., & Clarren, S.K. (1995). Alcoholism in four patients with fetal alcohol syndrome: Recommendations for treatment. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 13(2), 89-103.

Carmichael Olson, H. (1994). The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child development. Infants and Young Children, 6(3), 10-25.

LaDue, R. (1993). Psychosocial Needs Associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Practical Guidelines for Parents and Caretakers. (Tech. Rep. No. 93-07). Seattle: University of Washington, Fetal Alcohol & Drug Unit.

Burgess, D.M., Laswell, S.L., & Streissguth, A.P. (1992). Educating Children Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol and Other Drugs. Planning for Learning Project. Sponsored by the Washington State Legislature and the Fetal Alcohol & Drug Unit, University of Washington (37 pp.).

Carmichael Olson, H., Burgess, D.M., & Streissguth, A.P. (1992). Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE): A lifespan view, with implications for early intervention. ZERO TO THREE/National Center for Clinical Infant Programs, 13(1), 24-29.

Burgess, D.M., & Streissguth, A.P. (1992). Fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects: Principles for educators. In "A Special Section on Children at Risk," Phi Delta KAPPAN, 74(1) 24-30.

LaDue, R.A., Streissguth, A.P., & Randels, S.P. (1992). Clinical considerations pertaining to adolescents and adults with fetal alcohol syndrome, Chapter 4. In T.B. Sonderegger (Ed.), Perinatal Substance Abuse: Research Findings and Clinical Implications (pp. 104-131). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Streissguth, A.P., Randels, S.P., & Smith, D.F. (1991). A test-retest study of intelligence in patients with the fetal alcohol syndrome: Implications for care. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(4), 584-587. Click here to read abstract.

Burgess, D.M., & Streissguth, A.P. (1990). Educating students with fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol effects. Pennsylvanian Reporter, 22(1), 1-3.


Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Selected Publications


Streissguth, A. (1999). Fetal alcohol syndrome and alcohol and pregnancy: New findings. The Union Signal, CXXV(2), 9-15.

Grant, T.M., Ernst, C.C., & Streissguth, A.P. (1999). Intervention with high-risk alcohol and drug-abusing mothers: I. Administrative strategies of the Seattle model of paraprofessional advocacy. Journal of Community Psychology, 27(1), 1-18.

Ernst, C.C., Grant, T.M., Streissguth, A.P., & Sampson. P.D. (1999). Intervention with high-risk alcohol and drug-abusing mothers: II. 3-year findings of the Seattle model of paraprofessional advocacy. Journal of Community Psychology, 27(1), 1-18.

Grant, T.M., Ernst, C.C., McAuliff, S., & Streissguth, A.P. (1997). The Difference Game: An assessment tool and intervention strategy for facilitating change in high-risk clients. Families in Society, 78 (4), 429-432.

Grant, T.M., Ernst, C.C., & Streissguth, A.P. (1996). An intervention with high risk mothers who abuse alcohol and drugs: The Seattle Advocacy Model. American Journal of Public Health, 86 (12), 1816-1817.

Grant, T.M., Ernst, C.C., Streissguth, A.P., Phipps, P., & Gendler, B. (1996). When case management isn't enough: A model of paraprofessional advocacy for drug- and alcohol-abusing mothers. Journal of Case Management, 5 (1), 3-11.

Streissguth, A.P. (1994). Fetal alcohol syndrome: Understanding the problem; understanding the solution; What Indian communities can do. American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 18(3) 45—83.

Streissguth, A.P., & Little, R.E. (1994). "Unit 5: Alcohol, Pregnancy, and the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Second Edition" of the Project Cork Institute Medical School Curriculum (slide lecture series) on Biomedical Education: Alcohol Use and Its Medical Consequences, produced by Dartmouth Medical School. Timonium, MD: Milner-Fenwick.

Kopera-Frye, K., Tswelnaldin, P., Streissguth, A.P., & LaDue, R.A. (1994). Preventing FAS by empowering Native American chemical dependency counselor. IHS Primary Care Provider, 19 (4), 66-69.

Streissguth, A.P. (1991). The 1990 Betty Ford Lecture: What every community should know about drinking during pregnancy and the life-long consequences for society. Substance Abuse, 12 (3), 114-127.

Streissguth, A.P. (1990). Today I visited an Aleut village. Observations on preventing fetal alcohol syndrome. The IHS Provider, 15, 125-127.

Streissguth, A.P. (1990). Fetal alcohol syndrome and the teratogenicity of alcohol: Policy implications. King County Medical Society Bulletin, 69(5), 32-39.

Little, R.E., Streissguth, A.P. (1987). Reducing fetal alcohol effects: The Seattle pregnancy and health program. In F. Majewski (Ed.) Die Alkohol-Embryopathie (pp.197-203). Frankfurt/Main: Umwelt & Medicin Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.

Little, R.E., Streissguth, A.P., Guzinski, G.M., Uhl, C.N., Paulozzi, L., Mann, S.L., Young, A., Clarren, S.K., & Grathwohl, H.L. (1985). An evaluation of the pregnancy and health program. Alcohol Health and Research World, 10(1), 44-53, 71, 75.

Little, R.E., Young, A., Streissguth, A.P., & Uhl, C.N. (1984). Preventing fetal alcohol effects: Effectiveness of a demonstration project. In R. Porter, M. O'Connor, & J. Whelan (Eds.), CIBA Foundation Symposium 105: Mechanisms of Alcohol Damage in Utero (pp. 176-196). London: Pitman.

Little, R.E., Streissguth, A.P., Guzinski, G.M., Grathwohl, H.L., Blumhagen, J.M., & McIntyre, C.E. (1983). Change in obstetrician advice following a two-year community educational program on alcohol use and pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 146(1), 23-28.

Little, R.E., & Streissguth, A.P. (1981). Effects of alcohol on the fetus: Impact and prevention. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 125, 159-164.

Little, R.E., Streissguth, A.P., & Guzinski, G.M. (1980). Prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome: A model program. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 4(2), 185-189.