Brusca, R.C. and G.J. Brusca 1990.  Invertebrates.  Sinauer Associates.

Dumbauld et al. 1996. Life History Characteristics of two Sympatric Thalassinidean Shrimps, Neotrypaea californiensis and Upogebia pugettensis, with implications for oyster culture. J. Crustacean Biology 16(4) 689-708.

Jensen G. C. 1995. Pacific coast crabs and shrimp. Sea Challengers Press.

Kozloff E. N. 1996. Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press.

Pamatmat, M.M. 1966. The Ecology and Metabolism of a Benthic Community on an Intertidal Sandflat (False Bay, San Juan Island, Washington). University of Washington thesis.

Ruppert E. E., and Barnes R. D. 1994. Invertebrate Zoology. Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

Strathmann, M. 1987. Reproduction and Development of marine invertebrates of the northern Pacific coast. University of Washington Press.

Trueman, E.R. and A. D. Ansell 1969.  The Mechanisms of Burrowing into Soft Substrata by Marine Animals.  Oceanogr. Mar. Bio. Ann. Rev. 7, 315-366.

Woodin, SA. 1972. Polychaete Abundance Patterns in a Marine Soft-Sediment Environment: The Importance of Biololgical Interactions. University of Washington thesis.