Geography 360
Principles of Cartography
Instructor: Nyerges

Performance Assessment of Learning Outcome
in Terms of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Skill

Learning Objective Topics

0
Not acceptable

1
Knowledge Awareness

2
Comprehend and
Explain

3
Apply
and
Analyze

4
Synthesize and
Evaluate

1. Perspectives on GIS for representing data, information, knowledge – interplay among reality, database, and map display

No familiarity with representing data

Maps represent features of the world

Data and maps represent the world in different ways

Use data to create map information abstracting aspects of a world

Evaluate the interplay among data, information and knowledge

2. Analytical and communication perspectives on representation

Can not distinguish perspectives

Distinguish between the two in a rudimentary way

Describe the advantages of two perspectives

Make use of the two perspectives separately in a GIS tool

Make use of the two perspectives in an integrated manner

3. Geospatial concept abstraction as relationship among geospatial phenomena, object types, and data measurements

All are the same, no difference is detected

Differentiate among the character of phenomena, object types, and data measurement

Use phenomena, object type, and measure in appropriate way in a GIS tool

Make a pair-wise comparison to tweak the best out of each level

Design a new way to make use of each in a robust way

4. Data sources (materials) primary data sources secondary data sources Census TIGER, WAGDA

All data are the same

Data represent character of features

Able to measure character of features in a database

Able to use data at appropriate level of measurement character

Differentiate the way levels of measurement represent character of features

5. Data collection/ acquisition / entry approaches, technology, and formats

Know about one or two formats, but not know why they exist

Differentiate formats in a general way as data for an application

Describe different formats needed for software

Make use of a wide range of approaches and formats

Explain the advantages of using different application formats

6 Data search, compilation, and integration

Do not understand how data search influences information outcomes

Know that data search influences information outcomes

Understand how a search develops into different information outcomes

Able to use multiple search strategies to enhance information outcomes

Develop a new data search strategy; other strategies do not seem to provide information needed

7. Surveys and coordinate systems for spatial referencing

Surveys and coordinate systems are the same thing

A reference grid is used to express a point position in a coordinate system

Surveys establish control for coordinate systems

How to differentiate and use a coordinate system

Work with a tool to project between different coordinate systems

8. Map projections

Maps are flat; and the earth is not much different

The earth and a flat display have a relationship called a projection transform

Distortion comes in different forms, and is related to projection choice

Use projections to display data in appropriate way

Why chose one projection over another based on minimizing distortion for a particular purpose

Not able to understand that maps represent different aspects of the world

Know that different maps can present a different message

Understand that different types of maps are based on graphical variables

Make a map of each of the different types and explain the use of the graphical variable

Make of map of each type and create a scheme for changing how maps represent information

Not knowing what map components are used on a map

Identify map components describe

How the map components relate to the overall map

Make maps that use visual and intellectual hierarchy of components

Explain how visual and intellectual hierarchy support each other in design

Recognize graphic marks, but unsure of use

Recognize the graphic variables

Make use of graphic variables in a map

Make use of graphic variables in a variety of maps

Combine use of the graphic variables on map types

Not know about generalize in mapping

Know that generalize is used in mapping

Understand that generalizing in mapping is to make clearer by simplifying

Apply and analyze data to create a generalized data set

Synthesize and evaluate reasons for generalizing data on a map

Unsure why cognition is important in mapping

Describe important qualities of cognition in map use

Describe how cognition works in mapping

Explain how and why cognition works in mapping

Change a tool that can change an aspect of cognition in mapping

Unaware that maps can assist people with thinking through geospatial problems

Describe how critical thinking can improve GIS use in one of the types of geospatial problem solving processes

Explain how critical thinking can improve GIS use in any one of the geospatial problems solving contexts

Apply a critical thinking process to improve GIS use in any of the geospatial problem solving contexts

Change a tool to improve the use of GIS for critical thinking during geospatial problem solving

Confuse data with graphical symbols used to portray data - thinking they are the same thing

Describe data structuring in terms of point, line, polygon, and surface data structures for analysis or display

Explain the difference among point, line, polygon, and surface data structures for analysis or display

Use a GIS tool for an application that makes use of point, line, polygon, and surface data structures for analysis or display

Show use of a tool or construct a tool and explain why point, line, polygon, and surface representation are needed to satisfy different requirements

16. GIS data management

Data are stored in a computer somehow

Describe the basic components of database structures in terms of tables, files, records, fields

Explain how tables, files, records, and fields compose database structures, and how operations occur on these structures

Show and explain how to use a database management system such as MS Access to support analysis and/or display

Differentiate and evaluate the use of various database structures for representing geospatial information in analysis and display

Data goes in a computer and you get output

Data can be analyzed by software and one can obtain different results depending on software

Data is manipulated to create information, but exactly what steps to take is not known

Show a variety of spatial analyses in creating a variety of information

Develop a tool that can perform different kinds of analysis not currently available in the GIS

18. GIS information visualization

Data is displayed on a screen by a computer

Displays are created by software using a variety of data

Different software can create different types of displays

Use data management, display, and analysis software together in a GIS to create information

Make a change in a tool for enhanced visualization in a GIS mapping context

Data is all the same good quality

Data are of different quality, but uncertain of how and why

Data are of different quality, and can briefly explain why

Data are of different quality and can perform tests to show how and explain why

Change a tool in some way to manipulate data quality to enhance the use of data in creating information

GIS can be used for a lot of different things, but no specifics come to mind

Identify and describe a number GIS application cases

Briefly explain the advantages of using GIS in a variety of application situations

Apply GIS capabilities in at least one problem context and explain its use in light of one or more case examples

Synthesize and evaluate advantages and disadvantage based on experience with using GIS

21. Project/product presentation

Free association talk about a project and maps as a presentation

Describe a few sections of an outline for a project and/or product

Explain why an outline in sequenced sections is a good approach for a project presentation

Use an outline to sequence sections for a project presentation that includes GIS maps; and all sections presented

Suggest a revised outline to meet the needs of a presentation to an audience; and all sections are done well

22. GIS data models and database structures – linking spatial and attribute data

GIS data is just in computer, without knowing different approaches are needed

Describe the basics of a GIS data model used to store a database structure

Explain why different GIS data models are suitable to different data storage requirements

Apply one or more GIS data models as a database structure for addressing a GIS data problem

Iteratively redesign a GIS database structure to meet analysis requirements

Someone puts data in a computer somehow

Recognize and describe different stages of database design

Explain why each stage of database design is important

Use a three-step process to develop a database design

Iteratively develop a database and explain why changes were needed as the problem was further understood

Get a bunch of stuff together for a GIS project

Able to describe the usefulness of a project plan and several of the components that compose a plan

Able to construct a project plan in sequence based on technical, personnel, financial, and temporal components

Move forward to apply a project plan and assign technical, personnel, financial, and temporal components

Revise and refine a GIS project plan based on technical, personnel, financial, and temporal constraints

25. GIS implementation and critical evaluations of GIS use in line with societal values

Unaware that GIS has an impact on society

Describe how GIS outcomes can impact society

Explain why GIS has an impact on society

Demonstrate through application how GIS can have an impact on society

Synthesize and evaluate a new type of impact of GIS on Society on the basis of previous experience with applications of GIS