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Drowning

 

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and suffocation
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References

1. Tanoue KY. Drownproofing: a matter of survival. Sea Grant Today, 1982, July-August; 2(4): 12-13. 

2. Erbaugh SJ. Assessment of swimming performance of preschool children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1978; 47: 1179-1182. 

3. Asher KN, Rivara FP, Felix D, Vance L, Dunne R. Water safety training as a potential means of reducing risk of young children’s drowning. Injury Prevention, 1995; 1: 228- 233. 

4. Erbaugh SJ. Effects of aquatic training on swimming skill development of preschool children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1986; 62: 439-446. 

5. Bentham JA. A study to compare the drownproof-swimming method with the Red Cross method of teaching beginners to swim. Master’s Thesis, Springfield College, 1970. 

6. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Shannon FT. The safety standards of domestic swimming pools 1980-1982. New Zealand Medical Journal, 1983; 96: 93-95. 

7. Wintemute GJ. Childhood drowning and near-drowning in the United States. American Journal of Disease in Childhood, 1990; 144(6): 663-669. 

8. Nixon JW, Pearn JH, Petrie GM. Childproof safety barriers. Australian Paediatric Journal, 1979; 15(4) 260-262. 

9. Rabinovich BA, Lerner ND, Huey RW. Young children’s ability to climb fences. Human Factors, 1994; 36(4): 733-744. 

10. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. CPSC staff recommendations for barriers for residential swimming pools, spas, and hot tubs. Washington D.C., 1991. 

11. Quan L, Gomez A. Swimming pool safety: an effective submersion prevention program. Journal of Environmental Health, 1990; 52(6): 344-346. 

12. Pitt WR, Balanda KP. Childhood drowning and near-drowning in Brisbane: the contribution of domestic pools. Medical Journal of Australia, 1991; 154: 661-665. 

13. Intergovernmental Working Party on Swimming Pool Safety. Preschool drowning in private swimming pools. Health Department of Western Australia, 1988. 

14. Present P. Child drowning study: a report on the epidemiology of drownings in residential pools to children under age five. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Washington D.C., 1987. 

15. Nixon J, Pearn J, Wilkey I, Corcoran A. Fifteen years of child drowning: a 1967-1982 analysis of all fatal cases from the Brisbane Drowning Study and an 11 year study of consecutive near-drowning cases. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1986; 18(3): 199- 203. 

16. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Risks of drowning in fenced and unfenced swimming pools. New Zealand Medical Journal, 1984; 97: 777-779. 

17. Milliner N, Pearn J, Guard R. Will fenced pools save lives? A 10-year study from Mulgrave Shire, Queensland. Medical Journal of Australia, 1980; 2: 510-511. 

18. Pearn JH, Wong RY, Brown J 3rd, Ching YC, Bart R Jr, Hammar S. Drowning and near- drowning involving children: a five-year total population study from the City and County of Honolulu. American Journal of Public Health, 1979; 69(5): 450-454. 

19. MET Electrical Testing Company. Evaluation of presently available swimming pool alarm/detection systems. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Washington D.C., 1986. 

20. Sulkes SB, van der Jagt EW. Solar pool blankets: another water hazard. Pediatrics, 1990; 85(6): 1114-1117. 

21. Griffin GC. Don’t let anyone die in your pool. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 1991; 19(6): 157-160. 

22. Stockwell R. Personal flotation devices: an observational study characterizing usage in King County, Washington. Master’s Thesis, University of Washington, 1993. 

23. U.S. Coast Guard. Draft regulatory evaluation: recreational inflatable personal flotation device standards. Washington, D.C., 1995. 

24. Boat/U.S. Foundation for Boating Safety. Inflatable personal flotation device study: an examination of inflatable PFD performance and reliability in public use. Alexandria, VA, 1993. 

25. Herrmann R, Stormer A. Results of recent research on life-jackets. Journal of Royal Naval Medical Services, 1985; 71, 161-166. 

26. American Red Cross. American Red Cross national boating survey. Washington D.C., 1989. 

27. Bernard AR, Griswold WS. A study of Louisiana’s recreational boating safety program. Recreational Boating Systems, Inc. Mt. Dora, Florida, 1994. 

28. Smith GS, Houser J. Risk factors for drowning: a case-control study. Abstracts of the 122nd Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, 1994; 323. 

29. Howland J, Birkcmayer J, Hemenway D, Cote J. Did changes in minimum age drinking laws affect adolescent drowning (1970-90). Injury Prevention, 1998; 4, (4): 288-91. 

30. Lunetta P, Penttila A, Sarna S. Water traffic accidents, drowning, and alcohol in Finland, 1969-1995. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1998; 27, 1038-1043. 

31. Cummings P, Quan L. Trends in unintentional drowning: the role of alcohol and medical care. JAMA, 1999; 281 (23), 2198-202. 

32. Perkins R. Evaluation of an Alaskan Marine Safety Training Program. Public Health Reports, 1995; 110, 701-702. 

33. Treser C, Trusty M, Yang P. Personal flotation device useage: do educational efforts have an impact? J Public Health Policy, 1997; 18, 346-356. 

34. Whitfield T. An evaluation of swimming pool alarms. Consumer Safety Commission, May, 2000. 

35. Morgenstern H, Bingham T, Reza A. Effects of pool-fencing ordinances and other factors on childhood drowning in Los Angeles County, 1990-1995. American Journal of Public Health, 2000; 90 (4), 595-601. 

36. Pitt W, Balanda K. Toddler drownings in domestic pools in Queensland since uniform fencing requirements. MJA, 1998; 169, 557-558. 

37. Celis A. Home drowning among preschool age Mexican children. Injury Prevention, 1997; 3 (4), 252-256. 

38. Myaux J, Ali M, Chakraborty J, deFrancisco A. Flood control embankments contribute to the improvement of health status of children in Bangladesh. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1997; 75 (6), 533-539. 

39. Pless I. The challenge of drowning prevention. Injury Prevention, 1997; 3 (4), 237-239. 

40. Committee on Native American Child Health and Committee on Injury Poison Prevention. The prevention of unintentional injury among american indian and alaska native children: a subject review. Pediatrics, 1999; 104 (6), 1397-1399. 


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