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Case 1: References

  1. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the HIV Medicine Association/Infectious Diseases Society of America (HIVMA/IDSA). June 18, 2008. Available at:
    [The following link will open in a new window. AIDSinfo - Accessed September 10, 2008]
  2. Strick LB, Wald A, Celum C. Management of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in HIV type 1-infected persons. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:347-56.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  3. Siegal FP, Lopez C, Hammer GS, et al. Severe acquired immunodeficiency in male homosexuals, manifested by chronic perianal ulcerative herpes simplex lesions. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:1439-44.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  4. Salvini F, Carminati G, Pinzani R, Carrera C, Rancilio L, Plebani A. Chronic ulcerative herpes simplex virus infection in HIV-infected children. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 1997;11:421-8.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  5. Robayna MG, Herranz P, Rubio FA, Pena P, Pena JM, Gonzalez J, Casado M. Destructive herpetic whitlow in AIDS: report of three cases. Br J Dermatol. 1997;137:812-5.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  6. Centers for Disease Control. 1993 Revised Classification System for HIV Infection and Expanded Surveillance Case Definition for AIDS Among Adolescents and Adults. MMWR Recomm Rep. 1992;41 (RR-17):1-19. Available at:
    [The following link will open in a new window. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Accessed March 4, 2005]
  7. Fox PA, Barton SE, Francis N, et al. Chronic erosive herpes simplex virus infection of the penis, a possible immune reconstitution disease. HIV Med. 1999;1:10-18.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Workowski KA, Berman SM. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55(RR-11):1-94. Available at:
    [The following link will open in a new window. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Accessed August 15, 2006]
  9. Conant MA, Schacker TW, Murphy RL, Gold J, Crutchfield LT, Crooks RJ. Valaciclovir versus aciclovir for herpes simplex virus infection in HIV-infected individuals: two randomized trials. Int J STD AIDS. 2002;13:12-21.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  10. Schacker T, Hu HL, Koelle DM, et al. Famciclovir for the suppression of symptomatic and asymptomatic herpes simplex virus reactivation in HIV-infected persons. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:21-8.
    [The following link will open in a new window.PubMed Abstract]
  11. DeJesus E, Wald A, Warren T, et al. Valacyclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. J Infect Dis. 2003;188:1009-16.
    [The following link will open in a new window.PubMed Abstract]
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    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  13. Nagot N, Ouedraogo A, Konate I, et al. Roles of clinical and subclinical reactivated herpes simplex virus type 2 infection and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-induced immunosuppression on genital and plasma HIV-1 levels. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:241-9.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  14. Moriuchi M, Moriuchi H, Williams R, Straus SE. Herpes simplex virus infection induces replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Virology. 2000;278:534-40.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  15. Ouedraogo A, Nagot N, Vergne L, et al. Impact of suppressive herpes therapy on genital HIV-1 RNA among women taking antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial. AIDS. 2006;20:2305-13.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  16. Zuckerman RA, Lucchetti A, Whittington WL, et al. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) suppression with valacyclovir reduces rectal and blood plasma HIV-1 levels in HIV-1/HSV-2-seropositive men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.
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    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  17. Nagot N, Ouédraogo A, Foulongne V, et al. Reduction of HIV-1 RNA levels with therapy to suppress herpes simplex virus. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:790-9.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  18. Van de Perre P, Segondy M, Foulongne V, et al. Herpes simplex virus and HIV-1: deciphering viral synergy. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8:490-7.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  19. Celum C, Wald A, Hughes J, et al. Effect of aciclovir on HIV-1 acquisition in herpes simplex virus 2 seropositive women and men who have sex with men: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371:2109-19.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  20. Watson-Jones D, Weiss HA, Rusizoka M, et al. Effect of herpes simplex suppression on incidence of HIV among women in Tanzania. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1560-71.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]

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