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Case 4: References

  1. Kelley PW, Petruccelli BP, Stehr-Green P, Erickson RL, Mason CJ. The susceptibility of young adult Americans to vaccine-preventable infections. A national serosurvey of US Army recruits. JAMA. 1991;266:2724-9.
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  2. Buchbinder SP, Katz MH, Hessol NA, Liu JY, O'Malley PM, Underwood R, Holmberg SD. Herpes zoster and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis. 1992;166:1153-6.
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  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Recomm Rep. 1992;41(RR-17):1-19. Available at:
    [The following link will open in a new window. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Accessed September 25, 2008]
  4. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the HIV Medicine Association/Infectious Diseases Society of America (HIVMA/IDSA). June 18, 2008. Available at:
    [The following link will open in a new window. AIDS Info - Accessed September 25, 2008]
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    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  6. Domingo P, Torres OH, Ris J, Vazquez G. Herpes zoster as an immune reconstitution disease after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection. Am J Med. 2001;110:605-9.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  7. Gnann, JW Jr, Whitley, RJ. Clinical practice. Herpes zoster. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:340-6.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  8. Choo PW, Galil K, Donahue JG, Walker AM, Spiegelman D, Platt R. Risk factors for postherpetic neuralgia. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:1217-24.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  9. Glesby MJ, Moore RD, Chaisson RE. Clinical spectrum of herpes zoster in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21:370-5.
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  10. De La Blanchardiere A, Rozenberg F, Caumes E, et al. Neurological complications of varicella-zoster virus infection in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Scand J Infect Dis. 2000;32:263-9.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  11. Engstrom RE, Holland GN, Margolis TP, et al. The progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome: a variant of necrotizing herpetic retinopathy in patients with AIDS. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:1488-502.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  12. Elliott, KJ. Other neurological complications of herpes zoster and their management. Ann Neurol. 1994;35 Suppl:S57-61.
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  13. Balfour, HH Jr, Bean, B, Laskin, OL, et al. Acyclovir halts progression of herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:1448-53.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  14. Whitley, RJ, Weiss, H, Gnann, JW, et al. Acyclovir with and without prednisone for the treatment of herpes zoster. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:376-83.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  15. Breton G, Fillet AM, Katlama C, Bricaire F, Caumes E. Acyclovir-resistant herpes zoster in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: results of foscarnet therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1525-7.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).  A new product (VariZIG™) for postexposure prophylaxis of varicella available under an investigational new drug application expanded access protocol. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55:1-2. Available at:
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract - Accessed September 26, 2008]
  17. Weinstock DM, Boeckh M, Sepkowitz KA. Postexposure prophylaxis against varicella zoster virus infection among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2006;12:1096-7.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]

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