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Case 1: References

  1. Dresser GK, Spence JD, Bailey DG. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic consequences and clinical relevance of cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000;38:41-57.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  2. Piscitelli SC, Gallicano KD. Interactions among drugs for HIV and opportunistic infections. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:984-96.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  3. Ritonavir (Norvir) Product Package Insert. Available at:
    [The following link will open in a new window. RxAbbott - Accessed June 30, 2004]
  4. Kumar GN, Dykstra J, Roberts EM, et al. Potent inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 3A-mediated human liver microsomal metabolism of a novel HIV protease inhibitor by ritonavir: A positive drug-drug interaction. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999;27:902-8.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  5. Muirhead GJ, Wulff MB, Fielding A, Kleinermans D, Buss N. Pharmacokinetic interactions between sildenafil and saquinavir/ritonavir. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000;50:99-107.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  6. Levitra (Vardenafil HCl), Clinical Information. Bayer Health Care and GlaxoSmithKline. Available at:
    [The following link will open in a new window. Bayer Pharmaceuticals - Accessed June 26, 2006]
  7. Rathbun RC, Rossi DR. Low-dose ritonavir for protease inhibitor pharmacokinetic enhancement. Ann Pharmacother. 2002;36:702-6.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  8. van Heeswijk RP, Veldkamp A, Mulder JW, Meenhorst PL, Lange JM, Beijnen JH, Hoetelmans RM. Combination of protease inhibitors for the treatment of HIV-1-infected patients: a review of pharmacokinetics and clinical experience. Antivir Ther. 2001;6:201-29.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  9. Taburet AM, Singlas E. Drug interactions with antiviral drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1996;30:385-401.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  10. Damle BD, Mummaneni V, Kaul S, Knupp C. Lack of effect of simultaneously administered didanosine encapsulated enteric bead formulation (Videx EC) on oral absorption of indinavir, ketoconazole, or ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46:385-91.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]

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