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Case 6: References

  1. Lindsay DS, Dubey JP, Blagburn BL. Biology of Isospora spp. from humans, nonhuman primates, and domestic animals. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1997;10:19-34.
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  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Recomm Rep. 1992;41(RR-17):1-19. Available at:
    [The following link will open in a new window. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Accessed September 12, 2006]
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  5. Certad G, Arenas-Pinto A, Pocaterra L, Ferrara G, Castro J, Bello A, Nunez L. Isosporiasis in Venezuelan adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus: clinical characterization. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;69:217-22.
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  7. Pape JW, Johnson WD Jr. Isospora belli infections. Prog Clin Parasitol. 1991;2:119-27.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  8. Forthal DN, Guest SS. Isospora belli enteritis in three homosexual men. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1984;33:1060-4.
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  9. Michiels JF, Hofman P, Bernard E, et al. Intestinal and extraintestinal Isospora belli infection in an AIDS patient. A second case report. Pathol Res Pract. 1994;190:1089-94.
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  10. Restrepo C, Macher AM, Radany EH. Disseminated extraintestinal isosporiasis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol. 1987;87:536-42.
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  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Treating opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association/Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2004;53(RR-15):1-112. Available at:
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  13. Bernard E, Delgiudice P, Carles M, et al. Disseminated isosporiasis in an AIDS patient. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1997;16:699-701.
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  14. Frenkel JK, Silva MB, Saldanha J, et al. Isospora belli infection: observation of unicellular cysts in mesenteric lymphoid tissues of a Brazilian patient with AIDS and animal inoculation. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2003;50 Suppl:682-4.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  15. Benator DA, French AL, Beaudet LM, Levy CS, Orenstein JM. Isospora belli infection associated with acalculous cholecystitis in a patient with AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:663-4.
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  16. Ng E, Markell EK, Fleming RL, Fried M. Demonstration of Isospora belli by acid-fast stain in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. J Clin Microbiol. 1984;20:384-6.
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  17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases. DPDx: Laboratory identification of parasites of public health concern. Isosoporiasis. Available at:
    [The following link will open in a new window. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Accessed September 12, 2006]
  18. Weiss LM, Perlman DC, Sherman J, Tanowitz H, Wittner M. Isospora belli infection: treatment with pyrimethamine. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:474-5.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  19. Verdier RI, Fitzgerald DW, Johnson WD Jr, Pape JW. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with ciprofloxacin for treatment and prophylaxis of Isospora belli and Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in HIV-infected patients. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:885-8.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]

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