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Case 8: References

  1. Wheat J. Endemic mycoses in AIDS: a clinical review. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995;8:146-59.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  2. Kauffman CA. Histoplasmosis: a clinical and laboratory update. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007;20:115-32.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Treating opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association/Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2004;53(RR-15):1-112. Available at:
    [The following link will open in a new window. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Accessed February 10, 2008]
  4. Wheat J. Histoplasmosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Curr Top Med Mycol. 1996;7:7-18.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  5. McKinsey DS, Spiegel RA, Hutwagner L, et al. Prospective study of histoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: incidence, risk factors and pathophysiology. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:1195-203.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  6. Tobón AM, Agudelo CA, Rosero DS, et al. Disseminated histoplasmosis: a comparative study between patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:576-82.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  7. Chaturvedi S, Frame P, Newman SL. Macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus-positive persons are defective in host defense against Histoplasma capsulatum. J Infect Dis. 1995;171:320-7.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  8. Couppié P, Sobesky M, Aznar C, et al. Histoplasmosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a study of prognostic factors. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:134-8.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  9. Wheat LJ, Chetchotisakd P, Williams B, Connolly P, Shutt K, Hajjeh R. Factors associated with severe manifestations of histoplasmosis in AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30:877-81.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  10. Wheat J. Current diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Trends Microbiol. 2003;11:488-94.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  11. Wheat LJ, Freifeld AG, Kleiman MB, Baddley JW, McKinsey DS, Loyd JE, Kauffman CA; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:807-25.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  12. Wheat LJ, Cloud G, Johnson PC, Haddad N, Le Monte A, Brizendine E, Hafner R. Clearance of fungal burden during treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis with liposomal amphotericin B versus itraconazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45:2354-7.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  13. Johnson P, Wheat LJ, Cloud G, et al. Safety and efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B compared with conventional amphotericin B for induction therapy of histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:105-9.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  14. Wheat LJ, Connolly P, Smedema M, et al. Activity of newer triazoles against Histoplasma capsulatum from patients with AIDS who failed fluconazole. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;57:1235-9.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  15. Restrepo A, Tobon A, Clark B, et al. Salvage treatment of histoplasmosis with posaconazole. J Infect. 2007;54:319-27.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  16. Goldman M, Zackin R, Fichtenbaum CJ, et al. Safety of discontinuation of maintenance therapy for disseminated histoplasmosis after immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1485–9.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  17. Koo HL, Hamill RJ, Andrade RA. Drug-drug interaction between itraconazole and efavirenz in a patient with AIDS and disseminated histoplasmosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(6):e77-9.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]
  18. Crommentuyn KM, Mulder JW, Sparidans RW, Huitema ADR, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Drug-drug interaction between itraconazole and the antiretroviral drug lopinavir/ritonavir in an HIV1–infected patient with disseminated histoplasmosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:e73–5.
    [The following link will open in a new window. PubMed Abstract]

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