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Opportunistic Infections: Treatment

Question | Discussion | References | CME Credit

Case 9: Cryptosporidiosis in a Patient with AIDS

You answered:

	Recommended treatment consists of high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra).

This answer is incorrect. Although trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is a first-line therapy for the treatment of Cystoisospora (Isospora) gastrointestinal infection, it has no established benefit for the treatment of Cryptosporidum infection.

	Most patients acquire Cryptosporidium from exposure to undercooked meat.
	Among antimicrobial agents studied for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis, the combination of azithromycin (Zithromax) plus paromomycin (Humatin) is the most effective therapy.
	Immune restoration with antiretroviral therapy is considered essential in the management of patients with cryptosporidiosis.

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