Style Sheet

Manuscript Format

Everything must be printed double-spaced.  We suggest one-inch margins and a 12-point font.  For manuscripts printed on A4 paper, please use a wider bottom margin to allow us to photocopy onto 8.5x11-inch paper.  Authors are responsible for providing professional quality, camera-ready copy for all figures, charts, graphs, maps, and other illustrations. Write for specifications.

Footnotes should be included at the end of the manuscript, not at the bottom of each page, and must be double-spaced. Do not incorporate citations into the text, as in social science style. In reviews, page numbers of the book under review may be cited in parentheses in the text. Sample citations are given below.

Citation Style [Note use of underlining to indicate what will be set in italics by the typesetter.]

• Books: John Whitney Hall, Government and Local Power in Japan, 500-1700 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966), pp. 129-54.

• Articles in Periodicals: Chalmers Johnson, "Japan: Who Governs? An Essay on Official Bureaucracy," Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Autumn 1975), pp. 22-27; Noguchi Yukio, "Nihon de Keynes seisaku wa okonawareta ka--kyoto datta Keynes no jidai," Kikan gendai keizai, No. 52 (1983), pp. 163-83.

• Contribution in an Edited Work: Shumpei Okamoto, "The Emperor and the Crowd: The Historical Significance of the Hibiya Riot," in Tetsuo Najita and J. Victor Koschmann, eds., Conflict in Modern Japanese History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982), pp. 258-75.

Provide sufficient information for readers to look up your citations. For exceptions, use common sense based on this citation style.

Use a short title for repeated citations of the same work, rather than loc. cit. or op cit. For example, Noguchi, "Keynes seisaku." Ibid. may be used.

Japanese names should be written in the Hepburn romanization (chi, sho, etc.), with attention to the following modifications: Use the macron (long mark) to indicate all long vowels except ii (except in familiar place names and recent reign names).

Quotations and poetry cited in Japanese should appear in quotation marks and not be italicized. Treat as for any foreign language.

Japanese names should be written with the family name first, unless the person usually uses Western name order in Western publications.

Macrons are used rather than other phonetic symbols—such as ô and õ—that have other meanings. If your computer will not generate macrons, please consistently use another symbol, such as the circumflex, and also provide hard copy with the macrons written in by hand so that we can correct these in the electronic file.

Spelling/Punctuation

Please consult Webster's Dictionary for preferred spellings. Centuries are spelled out: sixteenth, seventeenth, etc. Whole numbers of ten or less should be spelled out. Use figures when citing many numbers or numbers larger than ten. "Periods and commas should be placed within quotations marks." Per cent is two words.