Research: Dr. Mullins obtained his Ph.D. in Cell Biology and Biochemistry from the University of Minnesota in 1978. He did postdoctoral work at the California Institute of Technology before becoming Assistant then Associate Professor at the Harvard University School of Public Health. In 1989 he moved to Stanford University as Professor and was Chairman of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology from 1991 until his move to the University of Washington in 1994 where he is onthe faculty of the Departments of Microbiology, Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine. He served as Chair of Microbiology from 1997-2002.
The Mullins lab uses the techniques of molecular, computational and virus biology to provide basic insights into the HIV-human host relationship in an effort to assist the fight to stop the AIDS pandemic. They use a variety of techniques to understand the implications of HIV's extraordinary genetic diversity for the pathogenesis of AIDS, with the intention of applying this information to the development of more effective therapies and vaccines. These techniques include virology, molecular biological and statistical analysis of nucleotide sequences. Selected Publications: Bhattacharya, T., M. Daniels, D. Heckerman, B. Foley, N. Frahm, C. Kadie, K. Yusim, B. McMahon, I. James, S. Mallal, J. I. Mullins, D. C. Nickle, J. Herbeck, C. Rousseau, G. H. Learn, T. Miura, C. Brander, B. Walker, and B. Korber. 2007. Founder Effects in Population Based Assessment of HIV Polymorphisms and HLA Allele Associations. Science 315:1583.
Herbeck, J. T., S. W. Moore, F. Lyagoba, N. Shindo, B. Biryahwaho, P. Kaleebu, and J. I. Mullins. 2007. HIV-1 Subtype Prevalence from 1989-2000 in Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Uganda. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 23:755
Nickle, D. C., M. Rolland, S. L. Kosakovsky Pond, W. Deng, M. Seligman, M. A. Jensen, V. Jojic, C. Kadie, D. Heckerman, J. I. Mullins, and N. Jojic. Coping with viral diversity in HIV vaccine design. 2007. PLoS Comp. Biol. 3(4):e0754-0762
Rousseau, C. M., G. H. Learn, T. Bhattacharya, D. C. Nickle, D. Heckerman, S. Chetty, C. Brander, P. J. R. Goulder, B. D. Walker, P. Kiepiela, B. T. Korber, and J. I. Mullins. 2007. Extensive intra-subtype recombination in South African human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C infections. J Virol 81:4492
Kiepiela, P., K. Ngumbela, C. Thobakgale, D. Ramduth, I. Honeyborne, E. Moodley, S. Reddy, C. de Pierres, Z. Mncube, N. Mkhwanazi, K. Bishop, M. van der Stok, K. Nair, N. Khan, H. Crawford, R. Payne, A. Leslie, J. Prado, A. Prendergast, J. Frater, N. McCarthy, C. Brander, G. H. Learn, D. Nickle, C. Rousseau, H. Coovadia, J. I. Mullins, D. Heckerman, B. D. Walker, and P. Goulder. 2007. CD8+ T-cell responses to different HIV proteins have discordant associations with viral load. Nature Medicine 13:46-53
Nickle, D. C., L. Heath, M. A. Jensen, P. B. Gilbert, J. I. Mullins, and S. L. Kosakovsky Pond (2007) HIV-specific probabilistic models of protein evolution. PLoS One 2(6): e503
Deng, W, Nickle, DC, Learn, GH, Maust, B, and Mullins, JI. 2007. ViroBLAST: A BLAST for flexible queries of multiple databases. Bioinformatics Epub
Rolland, MA Jensen, DC Nickle, GH Learn, L Heath and JI Mullins. 2007. Reconstruction and function of Ancestral Center-Of-Tree (COT) HIV-I Proteins, J Virol 81:8507-14
Gottlieb, GS, Nickle, DC, Jensen, MA, Wong, KG, Kaslow, RA, Shepherd, JC, Margolick, JM & Mullins, JI. 2007. HIV-1 Superinfection with a Dual-tropic Virus and Rapid Progression to AIDS: A Case Report, Clin Infect Dis 45:501
Rolland, M., D. C. Nickle, W. Deng, N. Frahm, C. Brander, G. H. Learn, D. Heckerman, N. Jojic, V. Jojic, B. D. Walker, and J. I. Mullins. 2007. Recognition of HIV-1 peptides by host CTL is related to HIV-1 similarity to human proteins. PLoS ONE 2:e823.
Liu, Y, J. McNevin, Zhao, H, Tebit, DM, McSweyn, M, Ghosh, AK, Shriner, D, Arts, EJ, McElrath, MJ, and Mullins, JI. Evolution of HIV-1 CTL epitopes: Fitness-Balanced Escape J. Virol 81:12179-88
Rolland, M, Nickle, DC & Mullins, JI. 2007. Has HIV-1 lost fitness in humans? Nature Reviews Microbiology, 5:1
Rolland, M., Nickle, D.C., and Mullins, J.I. 2007 A new, core elements approach to vaccine immunogen design. PLoS Pathogens, 3:e157
Bull, M. E., G. H. Learn, J. I. Mullins, and L. M. Frenkel. 2007. Methods used to examine compartmentalization of viral populations between the genital tract and peripheral blood. J Inf Diseases 196:493-4.
Rolland, M., D. Heckerman, W. Deng, C. Rousseau, H. Coovadia, K. Bishop, P. J. Goulder, B. D. Walker, C. Brander, and J. I. Mullins. 2008. Broad and Gag-biased HIV-1 epitope repertoires are associated with lower viral loads, PLoS One 3(1): e1424
Nickle, D. C., N. Jojic, D. Heckerman, V. Jojic, D. Kirovski, M. Rolland, S. Kosakovsky Pond, and J. I. Mullins. 2008. Comparison of immunogen designs that optimize peptide coverage. PLoS Computational Biology 4(1): e25 doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0040025
Herbeck, J. T. , G. S. Gottlieb, Z. Hu, X. Li, R. Detels, J. Phair, C. R. Rinaldo, L. P. Jacobson, J. B. Margolick, and J. I. Mullins, 2008. Lack of Evidence for Changing Virulence of HIV-1 in North America: An Analysis of Greater than 20 Years of Observation in the MACS Cohort, PLoS One 3(2): e1525. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001525
Diem, K., D. C. Nickle, A. Motoshige, A. Fox, S. Ross, J. I. Mullins, L. Corey, R. W. Coombs, and J. N. Kreiger. 2008. Male Genital Tract Compartmentalization of Human 1 Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 24(4): 561-71.
Gottlieb, G. S., L. Heath, D. C. Nickle, K. C. Wong, S. Leach, B. Jacobs, S. Gezahegne, A. van t Wout, J. B. Margolick, and J. I. Mullins. 2008. HIV-1 Variation Prior to Seroconversion in Men Who Have Sex with Men: Analysis of Acute/Early HIV Infection in the MACS, J. Inf. Diseases 197(7): 1011-5.
Rousseau, C. M., Daniels, M. G., Carlson, J., Kadie, C., Crawford, H., Prendergast, A., Matthews, P., Payne, R., Rolland, M., Raugi, D. N., Maust, B. S., Learn, G. H., Nickle, D. C., Coovadia, H., Ndung'u, T., Frahm, N., Brander, C., Walker, B. D., Goulder, P. J. R., Bhattacharya. T., Heckerman, D. E., Korber, B. T., Mullins, J. I. 2008. HLA Class-I Driven Evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type1 Subtype C: Immune Escape And Viral Load. J. Virol. EPub 2008/04/25
Liu, Y, Curlin, M., Diem, K. Zhao, H., Ghosh, A. K., Zhu, H., Maenza, J., Woodward, A. S., Stevens, C. E., Stekler, J. S., Collier, A. C., Genowati, I, Deng, W, Zioni, R, Corey, L, Zhu, T, Mullins, J.I. 2008. Env length and N-linked glycosylation following transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 subtype B viruses. Virology 374:229-233.
Frahm, N., D. C. Nickle, C. H. Linde, H. S. Hewitt, N. V. Brown, M. T. Zaman, E. Pae, R. Zuņiga, A. Lucchetti, J. Sanchez, M. A. StJohn, T. Roach, P. Kiepiela, P. J. Goulder, B. D. Walker, T. M. Allen, B. T. Korber, J. I. Mullins, and C. Brander. 2008. Increased detection of HIV-specific T cell responses by combination of centralized sequences with comparable immunogenicity, AIDS 22(4): 447-56.
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