00:08 – [Sahaptin], February. [Sahaptin].

00:41 – February 5th [Sahaptin] This is the oral quiz that we had on February the fifth, and I’m going to uh, read what I had written down approximately what we discussed in that class at that time. You were asked to translate to English the following sentences, a contraction of the verb to be in the present tense and future tense, I wrote it on the blackboard and I explained what we call the suffixes and prefixes and I told you that when a sentence starts with [Sahaptin], it usually means that it’s a question. [Sahaptin], ‘what are you doing’? Now you understood that [Sahaptin] is the person that you’re addressing when you talk to somebody and you ask them a question, they are [Sahaptin], ‘the second person’. And [Sahaptin] is the verb stem contraction of [Sahaptin], and the suffix is [Sahaptin], which is translated in English into -ing, ‘doing’. So, uh, the sentence then asks ‘what are you doing’? [Sahaptin] ‘What’, [Sahaptin] ‘you’, [Sahaptin] ‘do’, [Sahaptin] ‘doing’? The second sentence we put on the board: [Sahaptin]. It has a [Sahaptin] ‘before’ [Sahaptin] and at the end of [Sahaptin] is a [Sahaptin] again. So, you were asked to translate that back to me in English and it was, ‘what are they doing’? So, the [Sahaptin] before a verb is a plural, it’s either dual or plural prefix, you know, a prefix is something that is put before the verb and the suffix is put after a word, so [Sahaptin] is a plural pronoun prefix to the verb, [Sahaptin]. [Sahaptin], ‘what are they doing’?

4:55 – Number three, this sentence was written on the board, [Sahaptin], and I explained to you that [Sahaptin] is usually suffixed to [Sahaptin] and, uh, or else you could leave it by itself between the verb and the question, okay? And [Sahaptin] is a continuing inflective that indicates the future, what is going to happen in the future. So, then we have [Sahaptin], and after you thought it all over you were asked to translate it all back to me in English. [Sahaptin], ‘what shall we do’?

6:17 – [Sahaptin] is ‘we’, and your future tense is ‘what shall do’? Okay, number three I explained to you that “I” prefix before the verb is a first person singular, okay? [Sahaptin], the third person singular is ‘he/she/or it’, remember that? [Sahaptin], so what do you have? In english, ‘what is he doing’? [Sahaptin] ‘What is he doing’? He or she doing. If you were looking at an animal for instance, you know, lots of times you look at animals to find out what they’re doing, what kind of action are they performing, like if you went to a zoo and you’re watching a baboon, you wouldn’t say what is he or she doing, you would say ‘what is it doing’? In Indian, you’d say the same thing as [Sahaptin], but you would be referring to that thing as it because it’s not [Sahaptin], we only call [Sahaptin] he or she. So a baboon would be an it, [Sahaptin] what is it doing? But when you’re talking about a person you say he or she, whatever you’re referring to if it’s a man or a woman or a girl or a boy. Then the next sentence that we talked about on the board, [Sahaptin], [Sahaptin] is a “short i” “soft K” “long U” “soft K”, [Sahaptin], and that means ‘today’, or ‘right now’. [Sahaptin] ‘what will you do today’? That is the question. Number five was another question that was a long one, and I was very pleased that you folks all remembered what [Sahaptin] was, and I believe that somebody told me what [Sahaptin] meant. [Sahaptin] You all remember that [Sahaptin] is a suffix attached to the verb, it is an adverbial that translates something that you do ordinarily, there must be another way to do it but this is the way we describe it,  ‘what we do ordinarily’. [Sahaptin] ‘what do you do on Sabbath day, Sunday’? Then we continued on, well I’ll say that again, number five. [Sahaptin], the suffix is [Sahaptin], that means on or at. [Sahaptin] at the end of the word, [Sahaptin]. That’s a noun, [Sahaptin] is a noun and there’s a [Sahaptin] at the end that means on, well in this sentence it would be on, [Sahaptin], on Sunday. ‘What do you do on Sunday, Sabbath day’? Then we went on to continue asking [Sahaptin], remember that? [Sahaptin] ‘Monday’. [Sahaptin] ‘On Tuesday’. [Sahaptin] ‘Wednesday’. [Sahaptin] ‘Thursday’. [Sahaptin] ‘Friday’. [Sahaptin] ‘What do you do on Saturday’? So we went through all of the days of the week up to [Sahaptin], on Sunday, or the other way [Sahaptin] if you’re just referring to a common ‘Sunday’, let’s go fishing on Sunday! you know you can say that you can say [Sahaptin]. [Sahaptin] Instead of [Sahaptin] you say [Sahaptin]. Just a common day, ‘Sunday’. But when you’re talking about a ceremonial day or religious day you say [Sahaptin]. Then we went on to talk about this verb [Sahaptin], which means to ‘say something’. Say [Sahaptin], ‘what did you say?’ [Sahaptin] ‘What did they say’? [Sahaptin] ‘What was she/he saying’? [Sahaptin] ‘What are they saying’? [Sahaptin] ‘What is he or she saying’? [Sahaptin] Remember that word? [Sahaptin], ‘what’? It’s a short way of saying, you know, ‘what’s happening’, ‘what’s the matter’, you could just use it for what? you know a question, what? [Sahaptin] what? You know that to me as a speaker of the language, a lot of times it’s very difficult to translate it into English, so, uh, working with the words the WH words we call, who [Sahaptin], [Sahaptin] what there’s several [Sahaptin] words when [Sahaptin] and where [Sahaptin] and so there we have and those WH words in our language. [Sahaptin] What is this?

15:54 – That’s fourteen. Thirteen. [Sahaptin], ‘what is that?’ [Sahaptin] ‘What day is it’? [Sahaptin] ‘What do you want’? Then there’s a short version too. [Sahaptin], that’s not very polite but a lot of people use it and it’s understood to mean what do you want? Then there’s another word [Sahaptin], it’s a verb for ‘have’, [Sahaptin] ‘what do you have’? [Sahaptin] is a possessive form for do you, do you. [Sahaptin] ‘what does he have’? ‘What does he or they have’? ‘What do they have’? ‘What do we inclusive have’? That’s an inclusive term where it includes the speaker and other people, [Sahaptin]. ‘What do you folks have’? [Sahaptin] ‘What do you folks have’? [Sahaptin] That’s “N” “A” “T” “K” what do we have? This is an exclusive that just you yourself and somebody else and that’s it, just exclusive, just a small group not including everybody. Inclusive means [Sahaptin] and [Sahaptin] is exclusive. [Sahaptin] is a selective adjective and uh, you could use it at the begininning of the word [Sahaptin], this is another WH word, what but it means which one do you want? you have to be very selective, you have a whole bunch of things laying there and this person is asking which one of those do you want but you can’t have all of them you have to select just one. I guess I’m not explaining that right. It means there might be different kinds of things on the table, they’re not all alike they’re all different. This person is asking you which one of these do you want and you have to make a selection. The other, where am I here? [Sahaptin] ‘What are you looking at’? You know, uh, there are three ways of saying [Sahaptin], [Sahaptin] is ‘to see’, ‘watch’ is ‘to watch something’ with your eyes [Sahaptin] is look at and “A” before the verb is the objective indicator or marker that tells you there’s something at the end of the sentence that tells the listener what you’re looking at. [Sahaptin] ‘what are you watching’? [Sahaptin] ‘What do you see’? So um. These were the words that we used in our last session when I forgot my recorder so I’m recording this again, and I’ll listen to myself see if I can understand it

22:15 – So we have um, the thing that’s at the end of a noun like that is defined as a morphines. There are different kinds of morphines. Used a little different from the English, so uh, we want to talk about that today, it’s the way they look at the world the way they look at wildlife. It’s the way the Indian people use their morphines. So a lot of these things that’s called [Sahaptin], they consider them as relatives, and so they sometimes use the suffixes like they do for humans, but not all of them just certain one. For example horse. They consider horse an animate because there’s a special connection between horse and Indian people. I think not just Indian people consider them spiritually important because Ive heard in other countries they think of horses just this way. So we can use [Sahaptin] for ‘two horses’, [Sahaptin] for ‘three horses’, and of course you know I think they use it for dogs too. Because dogs were here before horses and the Indians used to use dogs for packhorses, dogs pack their packs around for them. So I thought that we would you know address that today, and it’s kind of interesting to see how the Indian people look at the language, for instance here, [Sahaptin] is a noun word that means ‘walk’. And [Sahaptin] means ‘to walk back to somewhere’. We know that in our last session, you know, our last semester we would be discussing the word [Sahaptin], ‘to go back’.

25:39 – [Sahaptin]. ‘Going back to the house’, or ‘he’s going back home’, remember that?  I see everybody craning their neck around. Now this word in um, [Sahaptin], ‘he walked back home’ or ‘walked back to the house’. He just went home, but here walked back home.

26:35 – 47:50 (audio glitching in and out until end of tape)