Index
For General Users
Finding materials/resources
General organization
Character Rendering Issues
Duplicates and Redundancies
Additional Info Boxes
”Retyped” Resources
Audio Transcriptions
Annotations and Corrections
For Administrators and Archivists
Post Builder System
File Naming Conventions
Sahaptin Material Archive Master Spreadsheet
Start Your Own Similar Archive
For General Users
Finding materials/resources
You can find materials by:
a) using the search box in the header, or
b) clicking on a tag or category in the footer of the page, or
c) clicking on “categories” in the header and then selecting a category.
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General organization
A resource may often fall under multiple categories. For example, a grammatical exercise may include cultural information or a story. Instead of categorizing it according to a single category or multiple, the following system was used:
Categories
Categories are a strict collection. An item should only belong to a single category. Categories are useful if you wish to browse the collection with no redundancy in groupings. In other words, items in the Culture category should not appear in any other categories. You can look in a category by selecting it from the category list.
Tags
Tags, on the other hand, are used for overlapping collections. A single resource may have multiple tags (e.g., grammar, culture, placenames). Tags are an ideal search tool when looking for specific resources. You can either click on a tag in the tag cloud for the site, a tag in the cloud for an individual resource or use the search box.
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Character rendering issues
X: For some operating systems and web browsers X will not render properly in HTML when copied from a word processor. Instead it will generate the underline on the following space or character. However, if you have a standard Sahaptin keyboard and font installed you should be able to copy the text and when it is pasted in a word processor the underline should display correctly under the X. This issue appears to be resolved for Windows 8.1+ and all major PC browsers (Firefox, Chrome, etc.) but compatibility is not guaranteed at this point for all systems. If you notice this issue happening in your browser and it is making reading the retyped version difficult, you can copy and paste the text into any text editor, as long as you are also aware of the issue with accented barred í (see below).
Accented barred í: Unfortunately, browser support for the accented barred í is limited. While it renders properly before saving in a web editor, when it loads on a page (or is copy and pasted into a text editor) the accent is placed somewhere above the following character. For improved display, the character is rendered in this archive as a barred i with an HTML strikethrough. Therefore, when copying and pasting into another text editor, please be mindful that the strikethrough may disappear and should be checked/corrected in your editor.
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Duplicates and Redundancies
A few materials may appear to be duplicates of other materials in the archive. The inclusion of the duplicate could be due to a few reasons: 1) There are multiple versions of a resource. For example, a resource may have been drafted in 92, typed in 93 with corrections, and revised again in 95. For the sake of completion, if there are multiple differences between the versions they have been included. Otherwise, only the most recent copy was included. 2) Materials were packaged together in various ways. If resources are together in a PDF that are duplicated elsewhere it is likely because the compiler/instructor/creator wanted them that way. Nearly all, multi-resource PDFs that are not apparently related to each other were stabled or bound to each other in the paper archive. The bundling provides additional information about how the courses were taught. 3) A lack of time. Three passes of duplicate checking were conducted over multiple months before the scanning began. Regardless, some duplicates slipped through and carefully searching for duplicates after the scanning stage takes time away from the more crucial efforts of scanning and archiving. If you encounter a duplicate that does not benefit the archive (in the sense of #2 above), please let us know at sahteach@uw.edu.
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”Retyped” Resources
”Retyped” text sometimes accompanies printed resources. In these boxes you can find text that has been manually retyped using modern fonts that can be more easily and accurately copied and pasted for you to use in other documents (e.g., your own Word files for lessons and activities). While corrections and annotations should be noted in a correction/annotation box, ideally, the text in this box should incorporate the corrected and properly annotated text (i.e., be the most accurate version of the document possible).
If you are interested in submitting retyped versions of print resources, please contact us.
A ”Retyped” Version box looks like this:
Retyped Version
Retyped content would go here.
Audio Transcriptions
Transcriptions may be added for audio materials in the transcriptions box below each audio player on an audio resource page. While any visitor can read a transcription, only administrators and editors can add to them. If you are interested in submitting transcriptions for audio resources, please contact us.
A transcription box looks like this:
Transcription
Annotations and Corrections
In the ‘Retyped’ and ‘Transcription’ boxes you can find notes on errors (i.e., corrections) or additional info related to content in the resource. Annotations should be noted in this box, and ideally, the ”retyped” text box should always incorporate the corrected and properly annotated text (i.e., be the most language-accurate version of the document possible). Text in this box that follows the words ”Uncorrected version” is the text prior to correction. The black boxes preceding each note (e.g., 1) refer to a section in the retyped box with the same index number.
Minor corrections (e.g., a single character correction) is noted by being surrounded by square brackets. For example, ḵ[’]ayík means that the ‘ was missing from the original text. If a single accent mark is added to a vowel, no note is made. However, if an accent mark is removed from a vowel, a note is made by putting square brackets around the vowel that had the accent removed (e.g., [i]). If a section required multiple edits, the annotations section will contain the unedited original text. Again, the goal is for this section to be the most language-accurate version of the text.
If you are interested in submitting notes on errors or additional info for a resource, please contact us.
An annotations box looks like this:
Annotations
For Administrators and Archivists
Adding Content to the Archive
Post Builder System
In order to streamline the process and improve the accuracy of the metadata for the resources in this archive, a dedicated Post Building app was developed for this archive.
The WP Post Builder is located here: http://depts.washington.edu/sahteach/postbuilder.php.
The Post Builder allows you to input all info associated with an item and then it will generate all of the code for the entire post page, including (most importantly) all of the necessary XML metadata for long-term archiving. Just copy and paste.
For example, if you are adding an audio resource, fill out the info boxes in the left column (e.g., Title, URL, URN, Date, etc.) and the system will output text that can be pasted into a new WP post page main content box. After you save the new post, the audio file (if uploaded correctly) will have a link to the FLAC version, and MP3 version will be embedded for streaming, a transcription box will be present and all appropriate metadata will be posted as well.
More info on how to use the Post Builder can be found on its help page.
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File Naming Conventions
Filenames in this archive use the following conventions:
EXAMPLE: S_C_0000-Example_Title.pdf
(GLOSS) 1_2_ 3 – 4.pdf
• 1: (S = Sahaptin) . While largely redundant, this is to anchor each file in the larger collection.
• 2: This position will contain a single character relating to the primary category of the material. e.g.,
A = Alphabet, C = Culture, G = Grammar, H = History, L = Lexical, P = Prayers, S = Songs, Se = Sentences and Phrases, St = Stories, etc. These are not intended to help identify them within the database and not as definitive categories as some resources may fit into multiple categories and others are difficult to parse.
• 3: This position is an arbitrary four digit hexadecimal code used to link the material to the online database.
• 4: This position is for a short name used to roughly describe the material.
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Sahaptin Material Archive Master Spreadsheet
This is an online spreadsheet containing all of the existing resources that have been assigned a URN as well as possible category abbreviations. This spreadsheet is private and only available to administrators. Please contact us if you would like to be an administrator.
Sahaptin Material Archive Master Spreadsheet (Google Docs)
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Start Your Own Similar Archive
Other people interested in starting a similar online resource are welcome to use the templates and structure of this project. Below is a link to a zip file which contains the child theme and the postbuilder.php file. Note that the child theme was built using Gravit as a parent theme, which is also included in the zip. However, it is best to first install a current version of Gravit and then just move the child theme (named “child”) to the “themes” directory in your WordPress directory.
Archive theme templates and postbuilder
Further details and explanations for the setup can be found in:
- Hugo, R. (2015). Constructing online language learning content archives for under resourced language communities. University of Washington Working Papers in Linguistics (UWWPL). Volume 33.
Please contact us if you have any questions or would like a copy of any of the other code. We cannot share secured language resources to people who are not authorized by the Yakama language community, but any development code, style sheets, etc. that we made or modded (i.e., not WordPress itself) are completely shareable for similar non-profit or educational projects.