Transcription

00:11 – Recorder that wil play. And today, um, I’m recording this over another tape recording, and the handout that you had on April the 20th on the Yakima language reflexive is what this tape is all about. Now, the reflexives express action when the participant is acting on itself the actor is not doing it for the benefit of someone else but to herself. There are various ways to express reflexives in the Yakima Sahaptin. The reflexive sentence contains a verb with a reflexive prefix [Sahaptin] for singular, [Sahaptin] for duo, [Sahaptin] for plural. Listen to this recording.

1:20 – [Sahaptin]

1:29 – Rose reflexive curling is the verb own hair, Rose is curling her own hair. Here are the verbs you can use in your sentences:

1:47 – [Sahaptin]

1:48 – [Sahaptin] means when you wipe something, you can wipe the dust off of a table, you can wipe – it means to take off something that’s undesirable, that’s what that means.

2:21 – [Sahaptin] means to brush something. Like if you were brushing a horse, its hide you know, you could brush your own hair with a brush, but that doesn’t mean that you are combing it you are brushing it and you are using a brush.

2:56 – [Sahaptin]

3:00 – [Sahaptin] means where you cut something with a sharp instrument. Like you could use a scissor to cut paper. [Sahaptin], or you could use a sharp knife to cut a rope in two. [Sahaptin] that’s what that means.

3:24 – [Sahaptin] is another verb. short ay diphthong short a [Sahaptin]. That means to scratch something. You could scratch yourself with your finger nails, you could take something, a hard instrument to scratch across glass, you know what that sounds like, but mainly in this particular lesson you’ll be using it as scratching self, your own body or something, your face.

4:15 – [Sahaptin] means to kick forward.

4:20 – [Sahaptin] is to dress yourself but I have [Sahaptin] here that means dress but when you [Sahaptin] with an i at the end then you are dressing.

4:40 – [Sahaptin] supposed to be a K at the end. Means to shave something, you could shave your beard, your legs, and the other way that they use it when you shave, when you shave shavings from a tree, and you use that instrument to smooth a piece of wood, you’re  shaving it to smooth it, and that’s what people do rather, they shave their beard off and make it smooth.

5:42 – [Sahaptin] that’s a hard ts is to warm up. You can stand by a stove on a cold day and [Sahaptin] yourself. You warm yourself. [Sahaptin] means to bathe. And there are other expression you’ll find in these reflexives like [Sahaptin], that’s a singular it’s when you attach this to any of these words it means you’re doing that to yourself like [Sahaptin]. [Sahaptin], you’re brushing yourself, [Sahaptin] then you’re combing yourself, you’re using a comb to comb yourself. Ok, but if there is more than one person doing this, two people or more two people doing this which is a plural, then you use [Sahaptin] with an m, see, for the singular it’s a [Sahaptin], and [Sahaptin] is used for dual end plural and you put that before your verb. [Sahaptin] and [Sahaptin] are others that you might find, other prefixes that you might find, like [Sahaptin] means herself or himself. Then somebody might say that somebody is dressing themselves they could say [Sahaptin], is putting on her own dress and [Sahaptin] is remember, when you use your hands to do something to yourself, you have to use your hands to put your clothes on, you don’t slip into it without using your hands, unless it’s hanging up, but that doesn’t make any sense which you use your hands to dress yourself, [Sahaptin] is understood when you hear that [Sahaptin], she is dressing herself. Okay now you have these reflexive pronouns. Now for the first singular, when someone is saying I am doing it myself [Sahaptin]. Remember [Sahaptin] is singular, I am, [Sahaptin] myself, you’ll find that in Indian language we are almost doubling our pronouns. [Sahaptin], myself. I am [Sahaptin], you just have to get used to that. Don’t get too critical. Second person, [Sahaptin], you yourself. [Sahaptin] means second person is doing something. Third person, [Sahaptin]. That means he or she, himself is doing something. But this is third person just like the I before the verb. Now this for reflexive, remember that, and for plural, and the reason I have plural and not dual because these plurals are also used with the duals so if two people are doing something these are the pronouns that are used. [Sahaptin] ourselves. [Sahaptin], we are dressing ourselves. [Sahaptin] is the second person plural. It’s the opposite of [Sahaptin], it’s [Sahaptin], you yourself, you are doing something yourself. [Sahaptin] you might find that sometimes the pm [Sahaptin] and sometimes it has a barred i so I put a barred i in here but if you are used to writing it pm a k as [Sahaptin] instead of [Sahaptin]. But you’ll hear both of them in conversation, and if you hear either one it means the same things, themselves. Ok we have ten sentences here.

11:43 – [Sahaptin]

11:50 – The child is wiping himself, you know, he’s wiping his own [Sahaptin]

12:05 – [Sahaptin]

12:11 – The girl is dressing herself inside the house, Number three.

12:21 – [Sahaptin]

12:29 – The boys, themselves, are brushing the horses outside.

12:40 – [Sahaptin]

12:49 – Now here they are telling somebody to cut the wood themselves, for themselves. Nobody else but for themselves. They are not going to share it with anybody. See in language, when you say something to somebody you are giving them a message, you are communicating to them and when they listen to you, when they hear you, they carry out whatever it is you’re telling them. That’s communication, and this is what the reflexives are all about in this speech, act, participant. The speaker is telling somebody and then there is an action, that’s your verb, and the person who is listening to you carries it out. So the participant with you is the listener, That’s what speech act participant means. So here you are telling somebody to do something for themselves, so they are going to do that they are going to go out and cut wood, not for you not for anybody else. [Sahaptin]  Now pay attention to the tenses, too. You know, [Sahaptin], you know all those by now. The old man was warming himself. [Sahaptin] means to warm, and [Sahaptin] himself. And [Sahaptin] is your reflexive, so it’s attached to your verb [Sahaptin], is causing himself to get warm.

15:30 – [Sahaptin]

15:35 – Okay the dog outside of the house is scratching himself. So [Sahaptin] is your verb, when you say [Sahaptin], sit down leisurely. Well this dog was [Sahaptin], he was in no particular hurry just laying there, leisurely scratching himself, wherever he was scratching so that [Sahaptin] adds a little bit of meaning there and the receiver of this message will say oh this dog is leisurely laying there and scratching himself, he’s not in no hurry he’s taking his good ol’ time, you know okay?

16:40 – [Sahaptin], remember [Sahaptin] is a plural term. So [Sahaptin] would be plural before your verb and [Sahaptin] is your doing something with your hand and [Sahaptin] is to make something curly and [Sahaptin] is they are doing it for themselves, again, and [Sahaptin] the women are curling their hair themselves inside the house. They are doing it to themselves.

17:46 – [Sahaptin] is a female, [Sahaptin] is a cow, herself [Sahaptin], [Sahaptin] okay [Sahaptin] means to kick, she kicked herself, and [Sahaptin], in her [Sahaptin]. The cow kicked herself in the tits.

18:22 – [Sahaptin]

18:32 – that all means that these are men workings. [Sahaptin] They are shaving themselves, present tense [Sahaptin], an [Sahaptin] is a bathroom and Pa is in the bathroom. [Sahaptin], so that’s a sick person. [Sahaptin] is having difficulty, barely. [Sahaptin] is to bathe himself, [Sahaptin] is will ,[Sahaptin] himself, [Sahaptin] the patient will barely be able to bathe himself. I hope this will explain a lot to you, here are your translations to English.

19:36 – [Sahaptin] That’s a present tense remember that. [Sahaptin], these are all, you know, pretty clear. [Sahaptin]Oh yeah I’m  having difficulty seeing. I hope these will help you when you take them home and look them over. Don’t be too critical of the structure, try to learn these phrases and memorize them without criticizing, I mean too critical about every little thing that’s in here. We are learning to speak language and write it, we aren’t trying to be linguists. I’m trying to teach you to read and write a language and this is your own Yakima language and try to keep that in mind and not try to become a linguist all of a sudden by criticizing every little [Sahaptin] and all that, just try to learn the language as it is. Thank you, this is your [Sahaptin].

22:13 – October the seventh, Thursday. My name is Virginia Beavert, and I’m taping for the class at Heritage College. This is a list of Halloween words.

22:42 – [Sahaptin]

22:45 – That’s the title of Halloween. The next word is

22:57 – [Sahaptin]

23:04 – That means ‘corn’, and its relationship to Halloween.

23:11 – [Sahaptin]

23:16 – ‘Squash’.

23:19 – [Sahaptin]

23:22 – ‘Orange Squash’. ‘Pumpkin’.

23:26 – [Sahaptin]

23:33 – ‘Black cat’.

23:36 – [Sahaptin]

23:42 – ‘Bats’

23:45 – [Sahaptin]

23:49 – ‘black widow spider’

23:56 – [Sahaptin]

24:00 – ‘cobweb’

24:05 – [Sahaptin]

24:09 – ‘witch woman’

24:15 – [Sahaptin]

24:18 – ‘broom’

24:24 – [Sahaptin]

24:27 – ‘ghost’

24:32 – [Sahaptin]

24:35 – ‘moon’

24:40 – [Sahaptin]

24:43 – ‘night’

24:50 – [Sahaptin]

24:52 – ‘dark night’

24:58 – [Sahaptin]

25:01 – ‘black night’

25:06 – [Sahaptin]

25:11 – ‘trick’ or ‘trickery’

25:14 – [Sahaptin]

25:20 – ‘treat’ and it means ‘feed’ too

25:21 – [Sahaptin]

25:34 – ‘Trick or treat’. this is your halloween word list. The next item will be a short story about Halloween.

25:45 – [Sahaptin]

25:56 – ‘Story about Halloween’.

26:00 – [Sahaptin]

26:16 – I’ll translate that short story for you in English. Story about Dark Night. A long time ago, this land, this whole world was dark. And the ghosts used to wander around at night and they would gather the Indian people, they would scare them around, that’s what I should have said. They would scare the people around. Second paragraph: The witch woman went around and gathered little children and she would put them into her [Sahaptin], her cedar basket, and she would eat them. The bad little children. And the bats, they came out at night, and they flew around at night and they bit the people. And black widow spider came out of his web and he was going around biting people. Everything that was bad happened at night, that’s when [Sahaptin] became angry and he told them “You folks are eating too many people! From now on, you will only come out one night, one year, and you will no longer hurt and eat people. And that’s when this Halloween happened, called Halloween [Sahaptin], just once a year. One night. This is a recording entitled “Auditory Perception” it’s called [Sahaptin].

28:57 – [Sahaptin]

29:01- Number one

29:04 – [Sahaptin]

29:18 – Number two

29:20 – [Sahaptin]

29:34 – Number three

29:37 – [Sahaptin]

31:37 – This story is about a spider.

31:41 – [Sahaptin]

32:32 – I’ll translate that. Itsy Bitsy spider, itsy bitsy spider, went up the water pipe, down came the rain and it washed the spider out, the sun came out, and it dried up the rain, and itsy bitsy spider (tape cuts off)

[Sahaptin]
November 21, 1993

[Sahaptin]

I’m just saying here at the beginning of this tape, that I’m taping short prayers on these tapes so I can fulfill the request made by young people, my students in my Indian language class who expressed a desire to pray in Indian, I wanted to say that before I start taping as my own personal expression here so you’ll know why I’m doing this, and why it’s being done today, November 21, 1993, on this day, Sunday, and that’s what I’m saying in Indian. So I’ll begin by taping the daily prayer that usually kind of a basic prayer that people say in the morning, or whenever, usually in the morning, but it doesn’t have to be elaborate, just a short prayer.

[Sahaptin]

This is a Sahaptin prayer.

[Sahaptin]

This is prayer for the sick.

[Sahaptin]

This is prayer for meal.

[Sahaptin]

Prayer for traveling.

[Sahaptin]

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<dc:contributor xsi:type="olac:role" olac:code="compiler">Virginia Beavert</dc:contributor>
<dc:contributor xsi:type="olac:role" olac:code="depositor">Edward James</dc:contributor>
<dc:contributor xsi:type="olac:role" olac:code="depositor">Mary James</dc:contributor>
<dc:contributor xsi:type="olac:role" olac:code="depositor">Sharon Hargus</dc:contributor>
<dc:contributor xsi:type="olac:role" olac:code="depositor">Russell Hugo</dc:contributor>
<dc:contributor xsi:type="olac:role" olac:code="depositor">Sara Ng</dc:contributor>
<dc:title>Prayers, Inc. Master: Virginia Beavert, 1993-2000</dc:title>
<dc:subject>Teaching the Sahaptin/Yakama Language</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:provenance>The materials were used or developed by Virginia Beavert and recorded by one of her students, Edward James, for a class taught at Heritage University (then Heritage College) during approximately 1987-2000. These materials were given to Sharon Hargus by Edward James' widow, Mary James to be archived. The materials were sorted, scanned, tagged and prepared for archiving by Russell Hugo under the supervision of Sharon Hargus.</dcterms:provenance>
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