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00:11 – The title of this lesson for the sake of looking around for a new title, I called it the New Method for Writing Exercises. It contains a list of vocabulary and it has working problems and the third section has the lessons that are assigned, first, second, third, and fourth. But first I would like to read the instructions. Instructions: The vocabulary list is to familiarize the student with words used in this exercise. This is a simple exercise for beginning writing. From this list, the student will be able to write several sentences using the three verbs listed in the center by combining the nouns and adjectives. The noun describes the subject of the verb and the adjective describes the noun. Here’s an example

2:00 – [Sahaptin] English translation, ‘the man is fat’. The instructor may combine more than one illustration then have the students write their own version of the sentences. Mathematically if we take five nouns times five adjectives time three verbs, how many sentences can we develop. To further extend this lesson we can find new words in the dictionary, which include birds, animals, and substitute new verbs, but not more than three, and definitions for the animals and birds. The students can expand their ability to write and understand how the structure works. This might help by including colors, you might want to talk about the color of animals or the birds or even plants, flowers. This is just an instruction sheet or explanation which will go, will be the first page in your lesson. Now what I will do here is the vocabulary list names all of the subjects that you will be using in your lesson. Number one is [Sahaptin]. ‘Man’. [Sahaptin]. ‘Boy’. [Sahaptin] ‘Postman’ or ‘postwoman’. [Sahaptin] ‘Woman’. [Sahaptin] ‘Child’. [Sahaptin] Don’t forget to pronounce the “N”. [Sahaptin], ‘large’ or ‘something that’s big’. [Sahaptin] ‘Small’, something that’s ‘small sized’. [Sahaptin] now remember this is a “soft CH” it’s not a “hard CH” like the one in [Sahaptin], it’s soft  it’s [Sahaptin], except your “back X” is way back in your throat, [Sahaptin], ‘fat’ or ‘being obese’. [Sahaptin] Don’t confuse this with ‘longhouse’. [Sahaptin] can be used for ‘tall’ also, ‘a person who is tall’. [Sahaptin] oh excuse me. [Sahaptin] This is a “hard back k”. [Sahaptin], ‘skinny’. Now here are the verbs. [Sahaptin] is a singular present tense verb, ‘to be’. [Sahaptin] ‘is’. [Sahaptin] is a negative present tense verb, ‘is not’. [Sahaptin] is a past tense singular verb, ‘was’. [Sahaptin] is a present participle verb phrase, ‘is growing’ or ‘is becoming’. Under noun you have listed, [Sahaptin]. Your verbs are [Sahaptin]. Your adjectives that describe the noun are [Sahaptin]. Your first lesson is to select a noun using the verb [Sahaptin] and any adjective to develop a sentence. For example, [Sahaptin], ‘the postman is tall’. Develop five sentences with the same pattern until you have used all of the nouns using the same singular present tense verb [Sahaptin] and different adjectives until all are used up. Your second lesson, select the negative verb, [Sahaptin] ‘is not’, and develop more sentences. Your third lesson, select [Sahaptin], ‘was’, develop five more sentences. Your fourth lesson, select the verb phrase [Sahaptin],’is growing’ or ‘is becoming’, and do the same. By this time you will have learned to develop sentences in the present, negative, and past tense using simple noun words and how to combine the adjective to describe the noun. The structure is the same in English, the important lesson is learning how to say the words and how to develop sentences. And this is the end of the lesson. Thank you.

9:22 – Well, we will start here for more vocabulary and sentences. [Sahaptin], [Sahaptin] means ‘I to you’, ‘how can I help you’, [Sahaptin] ‘you asking for the other person attention to me’, [Sahaptin]. That’s number one. Number two. [Sahaptin]. Number three, [Sahaptin]. Number four, [Sahaptin] or else you can say [Sahaptin]. [Sahaptin], ‘I can do it’, or [Sahaptin], which is the to be type of structure. Number five, [Sahaptin]. Number six, [Sahaptin]. That was my mistake the first time. Forget that first sentence. [Sahaptin]. ‘I’m going to Wapatow’. The other sentence is ‘I just came from Wapatow’. [Sahaptin] means coming from some ways, [Sahaptin] means ‘to go some place’. Number seven. [Sahaptin], I am from Pendleton. [Sahaptin] Here are some short words, [Sahaptin], ‘is’. [Sahaptin], ‘are’. [Sahaptin], ‘were’, [Sahaptin], ‘will be’. Next word is [Sahaptin]. The other sentence was a little bit off but it could be [Sahaptin] but actually what we’re saying is ‘the blanket is a Pendleton blanket’. The next words are diphthongs from the dictionary. There are eight diphthongs. A diphthong is a combination sound that consists of a short or long vowel, plus y or w. Some examples of diphthongs in Yakima words are “AY diphthong”, [Sahaptin]. The “AY diphthong” has the equivalent sound of like in English AI, we pronounce that “eye” in English, so “AY diphthong” here has the sound of [Sahaptin], [Sahaptin] means ‘maybe’. [Sahaptin], now we have the “long AY diphthong” where we have a “double A”, [Sahaptin]. Then we have “short UY diphthong”, [Sahaptin]. Here is the “long UY diphthong”, [Sahaptin]. “Short AW diphthong”, [Sahaptin].

15:15 – [Sahaptin] “Long AW diphthong”. [Sahaptin], see the comparison between the “short AW diphthong” [Sahaptin] and [Sahaptin]? It lengthens the sounds – (tape cuts off)

16:16 – when you have the “long AW diphthong”. [Sahaptin] is a ‘mountain goat’. The “short IW diphthong”, [Sahaptin]. “Long IW diphthong”. Has the ewe sound [Sahaptin]. There’s another word that has the “long IW diphthong” too that’s [Sahaptin], that’s compensation for working, pay. This lesson is pertain to numbers. We have a counting system for animate and inanimate count. An animate count is for living thing like animals, bird and people. Inanimate is just for general counting. We’ll start with the inanimate count, just general counting, we’ll count from one to ten. [Sahaptin]. Then we have the numbers by tens, ‘twenty’ is [Sahaptin]. Number ‘seventy’, [Sahaptin]. That’s ‘one-hundred’. [Sahaptin]. Now, we’ll do a count for the animate, and this is uh, these numbers are always used for human beings, and ‘one person’ is [Sahaptin], with an “L”. [Sahaptin] are ‘two people’. [Sahaptin] Notice how that changes? [Sahaptin] ‘Pretend people’.

20:51 – Now you’ll find the days of the week nearly match the numbers except there are a few exceptions. Now one day is called [Sahaptin], ‘one day’. So we’re going to count five days, that means [Sahaptin], ‘one week’. We will start with Tuesday because I have a few things to say about Saturday, Sunday and Monday. So we are starting with ‘Tuesday’. [Sahaptin] Some people say [Sahaptin]. ‘Monday’ is [Sahaptin]. Now I would like to say something about Saturday. ‘Saturday’, [Sahaptin], means ‘time is getting closer’. [Sahaptin], ‘time is getting closer’, that’s ‘Saturday’. And ‘Sunday’ of course is a day of worship according to Indian religion and it’s called either [Sahaptin] or [Sahaptin] and that’s the day that God rested after he created the Earth. It took him five days to do this. And on ‘Monday’, [Sahaptin], means it is finished. When you finish something like you finish speaking, [Sahaptin] ‘you finish speaking’. God finished on Monday so he [Sahaptin]. ‘He finished’. That’s the reason I wanted to start on Tuesday so I could explain Saturday, Sunday, and Monday. I’ll go over it real fast ok? While I was going over the days of the week I must have forgot to add ‘Friday’, [Sahaptin]. So just because I forgot we’ll start, real fast, and go through all the days of the week now. I’ll start with ‘Monday’. [Sahaptin] or [Sahaptin]. Say it, (laughs) [Sahaptin]

25:07 – [Sahaptin] ‘Colors’, [Sahaptin]. Ok let’s rewind that a little bit. Number one. [Sahaptin] ‘Black’. Number two. [Sahaptin] that’s only used for plants or for the color of clothes, or something like that, or white house, but not for animals or people. [Sahaptin], that means ‘white’. Number three is [Sahaptin], now you can use this one with animals, people, horses, or cats. And it says here also, a noun, that means white also but you can’t use [Sahaptin] for these it has to be [Sahaptin]. Number four is [Sahaptin], that’s a “hard TS” [Sahaptin], that’s ‘red’. The color ‘red’. [Sahaptin], ‘red flower’. Number five, [Sahaptin]. Notice you have an “M” “barred I” “back x” “SH”, [Sahaptin] that means ‘yellow’. Number six is [Sahaptin], there’s a “barred L” at the end, not a “T” but a “barred L”, “M” “barred I” “hard back K” “barred I” “barred L”, [Sahaptin]. Number seven, [Sahaptin] That’s the color ‘green’. [Sahaptin] ‘Green grass’. [Sahaptin] is ‘grass’. Number 8, [Sahaptin] is ‘blue’. [Sahaptin] is ‘blueish’. Number seven, [Sahaptin], or [Sahaptin], it sometimes, some people add the “P” before the “T” [Sahaptin], it all depends on, I guess, the people the way they learned it. And this is the color ‘purple’. You might wonder why [Sahaptin] are similar, the only way I can explain that is because blue is mixed with red and that makes purple, maybe that’s why that “P” is in there. Number ten. [Sahaptin] is a prefix that you can put on [Sahaptin], you get ‘grey’, you can mix black and white and get grey, [Sahaptin]. “CH” “M” “long A” “KW”, that’s ‘grey’. [Sahaptin]. “CH” “W” “M” “long A” “L” “short i”, [Sahaptin] that means ‘a black person’. [Sahaptin] that “IN” at the end tells you there are ‘two black people’. [Sahaptin] the “MA” at the end of the word tells you that’s a plural suffix so there are ‘more than two black people’. You might call that a plural term.