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00:11 – Recorder that wil play. And today, um, I\u2019m recording this over another tape recording, and the handout that you had on April the 20th on the Yakima language reflexive is what this tape is all about. Now, the reflexives express action when the participant is acting on itself the actor is not doing it for the benefit of someone else but to herself. There are various ways to express reflexives in the Yakima Sahaptin. The reflexive sentence contains a verb with a reflexive prefix [Sahaptin] for singular, [Sahaptin] for duo, [Sahaptin] for plural. Listen to this recording. <\/span><\/p>\n1:20 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n1:29 – Rose reflexive curling is the verb own hair, Rose is curling her own hair. Here are the verbs you can use in your sentences:<\/span><\/p>\n1:47 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n1:48 – [Sahaptin] means when you wipe something, you can wipe the dust off of a table, you can wipe \u2013 it means to take off something that\u2019s undesirable, that\u2019s what that means. <\/span><\/p>\n2:21 – [Sahaptin] means to brush something. Like if you were brushing a horse, its hide you know, you could brush your own hair with a brush, but that doesn\u2019t mean that you are combing it you are brushing it and you are using a brush. <\/span><\/p>\n2:56 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n3:00 – [Sahaptin] means where you cut something with a sharp instrument. Like you could use a scissor to cut paper. [Sahaptin], or you could use a sharp knife to cut a rope in two. [Sahaptin] that\u2019s what that means. <\/span><\/p>\n3:24 – [Sahaptin] is another verb. short ay diphthong short a [Sahaptin]. That means to scratch something. You could scratch yourself with your finger nails, you could take something, a hard instrument to scratch across glass, you know what that sounds like, but mainly in this particular lesson you\u2019ll be using it as scratching self, your own body or something, your face. <\/span><\/p>\n4:15 – [Sahaptin] means to kick forward. <\/span><\/p>\n4:20 – [Sahaptin] is to dress yourself but I have [Sahaptin] here that means dress but when you [Sahaptin] with an i at the end then you are dressing. <\/span><\/p>\n4:40 – [Sahaptin] supposed to be a K at the end. Means to shave something, you could shave your beard, your legs, and the other way that they use it when you shave, when you shave shavings from a tree, and you use that instrument to smooth a piece of wood, you\u2019re\u00a0 <\/span>shaving it to smooth it, and that\u2019s what people do rather, they shave their beard off and make it smooth. <\/span><\/p>\n5:42 – [Sahaptin] that\u2019s a hard ts is to warm up. You can stand by a stove on a cold day and [Sahaptin] yourself. You warm yourself. [Sahaptin] means to bathe. And there are other expression you\u2019ll find in these reflexives like [Sahaptin], that\u2019s a singular it\u2019s when you attach this to any of these words it means you\u2019re doing that to yourself like [Sahaptin]. [Sahaptin], you\u2019re brushing yourself, [Sahaptin] then you\u2019re combing yourself, you\u2019re using a comb to comb yourself. Ok, but if there is more than one person doing this, two people or more two people doing this which is a plural, then you use [Sahaptin] with an m, see, for the singular it\u2019s a [Sahaptin], and [Sahaptin] is used for dual end plural and you put that before your verb. [Sahaptin] and [Sahaptin] are others that you might find, other prefixes that you might find, like [Sahaptin] means herself or himself. Then somebody might say that somebody is dressing themselves they could say [Sahaptin], is putting on her own dress and [Sahaptin] is remember, when you use your hands to do something to yourself, you have to use your hands to put your clothes on, you don\u2019t slip into it without using your hands, unless it\u2019s hanging up, but that doesn\u2019t make any sense which you use your hands to dress yourself, [Sahaptin] is understood when you hear that [Sahaptin], she is dressing herself. Okay now you have these reflexive pronouns. Now for the first singular, when someone is saying I am doing it myself [Sahaptin]. Remember [Sahaptin] is singular, I am, [Sahaptin] myself, you\u2019ll find that in Indian language we are almost doubling our pronouns. [Sahaptin], myself. I am [Sahaptin], you just have to get used to that. Don’t get too critical. Second person, [Sahaptin], you yourself. [Sahaptin] means second person is doing something. Third person, [Sahaptin]. That means he or she, himself is doing something. But this is third person just like the I before the verb. Now this for reflexive, remember that, and for plural, and the reason I have plural and not dual because these plurals are also used with the duals so if two people are doing something these are the pronouns that are used. [Sahaptin] ourselves. [Sahaptin], we are dressing ourselves. [Sahaptin] is the second person plural. It\u2019s the opposite of [Sahaptin], it\u2019s [Sahaptin], you yourself, you are doing something yourself. [Sahaptin] you might find that sometimes the pm [Sahaptin] and sometimes it has a barred i so I put a barred i in here but if you are used to writing it pm a k as [Sahaptin] instead of [Sahaptin]. But you\u2019ll hear both of them in conversation, and if you hear either one it means the same things, themselves. Ok we have ten sentences here. <\/span><\/p>\n11:43 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n11:50 – The child is wiping himself, you know, he\u2019s wiping his own [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n12:05 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n12:11 – The girl is dressing herself inside the house, Number three. <\/span><\/p>\n12:21 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n12:29 – The boys, themselves, are brushing the horses outside. <\/span><\/p>\n12:40 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n12:49 – Now here they are telling somebody to cut the wood themselves, for themselves. Nobody else but for themselves. They are not going to share it with anybody. See in language, when you say something to somebody you are giving them a message, you are communicating to them and when they listen to you, when they hear you, they carry out whatever it is you\u2019re telling them. That\u2019s communication, and this is what the reflexives are all about in this speech, act, participant. The speaker is telling somebody and then there is an action, that\u2019s your verb, and the person who is listening to you carries it out. So the participant with you is the listener, That\u2019s what speech act participant means. So here you are telling somebody to do something for themselves, so they are going to do that they are going to go out and cut wood, not for you not for anybody else. [Sahaptin]\u00a0 <\/span>Now pay attention to the tenses, too. You know, [Sahaptin], you know all those by now. The old man was warming himself. [Sahaptin] means to warm, and [Sahaptin] himself. And [Sahaptin] is your reflexive, so it\u2019s attached to your verb [Sahaptin], is causing himself to get warm.<\/span><\/p>\n15:30 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n15:35 – Okay the dog outside of the house is scratching himself. So [Sahaptin] is your verb, when you say [Sahaptin], sit down leisurely. Well this dog was [Sahaptin], he was in no particular hurry just laying there, leisurely scratching himself, wherever he was scratching so that [Sahaptin] adds a little bit of meaning there and the receiver of this message will say oh this dog is leisurely laying there and scratching himself, he\u2019s not in no hurry he\u2019s taking his good ol\u2019 time, you know okay?<\/span><\/p>\n16:40 – [Sahaptin], remember [Sahaptin] is a plural term. So [Sahaptin] would be plural before your verb and [Sahaptin] is your doing something with your hand and [Sahaptin] is to make something curly and [Sahaptin] is they are doing it for themselves, again, and [Sahaptin] the women are curling their hair themselves inside the house. They are doing it to themselves.<\/span><\/p>\n17:46 – [Sahaptin] is a female, [Sahaptin] is a cow, herself [Sahaptin], [Sahaptin] okay [Sahaptin] means to kick, she kicked herself, and [Sahaptin], in her [Sahaptin]. The cow kicked herself in the tits. <\/span><\/p>\n18:22 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n18:32 – that all means that these are men workings. [Sahaptin] They are shaving themselves, present tense [Sahaptin], an [Sahaptin] is a bathroom and Pa is in the bathroom. [Sahaptin], so that\u2019s a sick person. [Sahaptin] is having difficulty, barely. [Sahaptin] is to bathe himself, [Sahaptin] is will ,[Sahaptin] himself, [Sahaptin] the patient will barely be able to bathe himself. I hope this will explain a lot to you, here are your translations to English.<\/span><\/p>\n19:36 – [Sahaptin] That\u2019s a present tense remember that. [Sahaptin], these are all, you know, pretty clear. [Sahaptin]Oh yeah I\u2019m\u00a0 <\/span>having difficulty seeing. I hope these will help you when you take them home and look them over. Don\u2019t be too critical of the structure, try to learn these phrases and memorize them without criticizing, I mean too critical about every little thing that\u2019s in here. We are learning to speak language and write it, we aren\u2019t trying to be linguists. I\u2019m trying to teach you to read and write a language and this is your own Yakima language and try to keep that in mind and not try to become a linguist all of a sudden by criticizing every little [Sahaptin] and all that, just try to learn the language as it is. Thank you, this is your [Sahaptin]. <\/span><\/p>\n22:13 – October the seventh, Thursday. My name is Virginia Beavert, and I\u2019m taping for the class at Heritage College. This is a list of Halloween words. <\/span><\/p>\n22:42 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n22:45 – That\u2019s the title of Halloween. The next word is <\/span><\/p>\n22:57 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n23:04 – That means \u2018corn\u2019, and its relationship to Halloween.<\/span><\/p>\n23:11 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n23:16 – \u2018Squash\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n23:19 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n23:22 – \u2018Orange Squash\u2019. \u2018Pumpkin\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n23:26 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n23:33 – \u2018Black cat\u2019. <\/span><\/p>\n23:36 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n23:42 – \u2018Bats\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n23:45 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n23:49 – \u2018black widow spider\u2019 <\/span><\/p>\n23:56 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n24:00 – \u2018cobweb\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n24:05 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n24:09 – \u2018witch woman\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n24:15 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n24:18 – \u2018broom\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n24:24 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n24:27 – \u2018ghost\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n24:32 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n24:35 – \u2018moon\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n24:40 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n24:43 – \u2018night\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n24:50 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n24:52 – \u2018dark night\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n24:58 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n25:01 – \u2018black night\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n25:06 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n25:11 – \u2018trick\u2019 or \u2018trickery\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n25:14 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n25:20 – \u2018treat\u2019 and it means \u2018feed\u2019 too <\/span><\/p>\n25:21 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n25:34 – \u2018Trick or treat\u2019. this is your halloween word list. The next item will be a short story about Halloween.<\/span><\/p>\n25:45 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n25:56 – \u2018Story about Halloween\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n26:00 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n26:16 – I\u2019ll translate that short story for you in English. Story about Dark Night. A long time ago, this land, this whole world was dark. And the ghosts used to wander around at night and they would gather the Indian people, they would scare them around, that\u2019s what I should have said. They would scare the people around. Second paragraph: The witch woman went around and gathered little children and she would put them into her [Sahaptin], her cedar basket, and she would eat them. The bad little children. And the bats, they came out at night, and they flew around at night and they bit the people. And black widow spider came out of his web and he was going around biting people. Everything that was bad happened at night, that\u2019s when [Sahaptin] became angry and he told them \u201cYou folks are eating too many people! From now on, you will only come out one night, one year, and you will no longer hurt and eat people. And that\u2019s when this Halloween happened, called Halloween [Sahaptin], just once a year. One night. This is a recording entitled \u201cAuditory Perception\u201d it\u2019s called [Sahaptin]. <\/span><\/p>\n28:57 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n29:01- Number one<\/span><\/p>\n29:04 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n29:18 – Number two <\/span><\/p>\n29:20 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n29:34 – Number three<\/span><\/p>\n29:37 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n31:37 – This story is about a spider. <\/span><\/p>\n31:41 – [Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n32:32 – I\u2019ll translate that. Itsy Bitsy spider, itsy bitsy spider, went up the water pipe, down came the rain and it washed the spider out, the sun came out, and it dried up the rain, and itsy bitsy spider (tape cuts off) <\/span><\/p>\n[Sahaptin]
\nNovember 21, 1993<\/span><\/p>\n[Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\nI\u2019m just saying here at the beginning of this tape, that I\u2019m taping short prayers on these tapes so I can fulfill the request made by young people, my students in my Indian language class who expressed a desire to pray in Indian, I wanted to say that before I start taping as my own personal expression here so you\u2019ll know why I\u2019m doing this, and why it\u2019s being done today, November 21, 1993, on this day, Sunday, and that\u2019s what I\u2019m saying in Indian. So I\u2019ll begin by taping the daily prayer that usually kind of a basic prayer that people say in the morning, or whenever, usually in the morning, but it doesn\u2019t have to be elaborate, just a short prayer. <\/span><\/p>\n[Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\nThis is a Sahaptin prayer. <\/span><\/p>\n[Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\nThis is prayer for the sick.<\/span><\/p>\n[Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\nThis is prayer for meal. <\/span><\/p>\n[Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\nPrayer for traveling.<\/span><\/p>\n[Sahaptin]<\/span><\/p>\n