’

’¹

’u‑ npf. indefinite or unspecified possessive prefix to inalienable nouns. ‑‑‑‑’ut’oh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’ughwus ʘ^ma For further examples of ’u‑ see bets (under refl); daghe (under ‑daghe); ke¹ (under ‑kè’); tsèl (under mom²).

e‑ npf. indefinite or unspecified possessive prefix when preceded by possessive prefix. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nek’a looht’e. ʘ^em For further examples of e‑ see lii⁴; zets (under ‑zedzè’); tu¹ (under clf-mot); t’oh (under ‑t’oh); tsùn² (under ‑tsùn).

’u‑¹ ppf. indefinite or unspecified object of postposition prefix; u deletes before a vowel. For example(s) for ’u‑¹ see t’e¹ (under kooht’e).

’u‑: ‑‑‑‑’Uk’ìts’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwà’ ’ughàghdinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woo’èh ’ukunyah.

’‑: ‑‑‑‑’Indììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’edììh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’‑ see khàs (under mom).

’u‑ ~ ’‑ ~ e(’)‑ ~ a(’)‑ vpf. indefinite or unspecified direct object prefix, also indefinite/unspecified subject prefix but rare in that function. ’‑ preserved only before a vowel, ’ deleted after a vowel and before a consonant; i‑’ ‑‑> e(’) and u‑’ ‑‑> a(’); word-initially, ’u‑ before a consonant.

’u‑: ‑‑‑‑’Ughììhchòòt. ‑‑‑‑’Udèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udukwus. ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, ’ìdè’è ’uts’idoogèhii. ʘ^ma

’‑: ‑‑‑‑Na’in’òts. ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, si’įįh nùna’in’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

e(’)‑: ‑‑‑‑Nedìsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Neghdììla. ʘ^ma

a(’)‑: ‑‑‑‑’A’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas ghǫh lhaghalelh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nadast’èse. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie dowa naseht’ę. ʘ^ma For further examples of a(’)‑ see ’įį⁴ (under nù#O‑h‑’įį); d¹ (under d-D‑); dègh (under pf).

’-d‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ’udoo tinaduget. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’-d‑ see yah (under yah‑).

’²

‑’ vsf. imperative; optional, rare. ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii joo shòwà’ ’udughàghdahdà’. ʘ^ma

’a classify food

mom	’àh	’ǫ	’alh	’àh
per	’ah	’ah	’alh	’ah

O‑d‑’a v. (clf-mot) This root is not distinct from ‑’ą¹ for some speakers, who use ‑’ą¹ instead of ‑’a.

per ‑‑‑‑’Ustsudzii k’ìdust’ah. Sutehmè’ t’àh k’ìdust’ah. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį ’uts’unè’ k’ìdut’ah.

mom ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn tunè’ kundint’àh. ’Utsigǫ̀’ kundint’àh. ’Ugwùt joo kundint’àh. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn tunè’ kundast’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii ’uyii ’udughàdàht’àh. ‑‑‑‑Nùnats’idoot’àhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii joo ’utsùn kayniizų. ’Utsùn nididàt’alhe. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom see zùs¹ (under kwùzùs).

yi-nu#d-D‑’a v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Sukwùzùsè’ t’àh wuts’eh tse yinudoost’àhii. ‑‑‑‑Tse yinuts’idoot’àhii.

O‑d-h‑D‑’ǫ v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Muk’eh ’uts’idèht’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Ts’utsudzii muk’eh ts’idèht’ǫ.

mèkèh ’uts’idèht’ǫii n.

mut’àh ’uts’idèht’ǫii n.

’ą¹ classify compact

mom	’ą̀h	’ǫ	’ąlh	’ą̀h
cont	’ą	’ǫ	’ą̀lh	’ą̀’
per	’ąh	’ąh	’ąlh	’ąh
neu	’ǫ	’ǫ̀’	’ǫ̀lh	’ǫ̀’
cust	’ąh
prog	’ąlh

O‑’ą v. (clf-mot) The compact object class consists of singular three-dimensional objects (like hat, shoe, folded shirt, pillow, piece of food, book, trap, rolled up fishnet, medal, empty bucket, sack of potatoes), kicker (boat engine), abstract objects (like a job), liquids (like water). [PA *’a: “handle compact object” (KL)] [cf. ‑’a “classify food”. Innovative nasalization split the PA root into two in KwTs. The oral vowel root is preserved in “classify food” (but see grammatical note with that entry).]

prog ‑‑‑‑Nadalh ’ii tl’ǫh nuya’ąlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuts’è’ ts’a’ąlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuts’eyts’a’ąlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mits’eyts’a’ąlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’intsudzii tlįį ’èch’à’ ghin’ąlh. Tehmè’ t’àh k’in’ąh. ‑‑‑‑Louie ts’è’ ya’ąlhììzǫh ’udoo khudii la khwùdè’ yàynii’ǫ. Kàhgàdò la khwùdè’ yàynii’ǫ. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑Kwùtah k’ès’ąh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ustsudzii k’ès’ąh. ‑‑‑‑K’ìya’ąh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tselh k’ès’ąh. Bes zǫh dèst’ę.

mom ‑‑‑‑’Uduts’eh kùnun’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Diidìì’ tudùs’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kunudidas’ąlhe. ‑‑‑‑Khik’eh tulasgus nìnii’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Gat yiih libàlii joo duts’us’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Yus tùnè’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudzǫh too meynè’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muchwę̀’ yudzǫh kène’ǫàjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ ghà’oos’ą̀hii. For further example(s) of mom see ’¹ (under ’‑).

cust ‑‑‑‑Sinii la ’wèdè’ wà’us’ąh. Ya kayghniizųda, go wà’us’ąh. ʘ^ma

k’ì#n‑’ą v. (per) impf only. ‑‑‑‑K’ìnin’ąh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tsà’ gòòle tah zǫh ’ut’e. K’ìnin’ąh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìnus’ahììzǫh ’udoo khudii la khwùdè’ zèehkhę ʘ^ma

‑tsì‑t’ù‑nu#O‑d‑’ą v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Mitsìt’ùnaydin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì mitsìt’ùnaydiis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo Sharon tsìt’ùnudiis’ǫ. ʘ^ma

tsì‑nu#O‑d-D‑’ą v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Nuts’ahdè’ tsindint’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Suts’ahdè’ tsindast’ǫ.

tsì#O‑gh‑’ą v. (gh mom) tsì in closed syllable, or before n or gh; otherwise tsìì or tsì. ‑‑‑‑Kùtsìnayghii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kùnutsìsighii’ǫ, kùtsìnusighii’ǫ.

ti-tsì#O‑gh‑’ą v. (ìì,n mom) rarely ti-tsìì.... ‑‑‑‑’Udoo titsìnighìs’ą̀h. Nitseslii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Titsighdiin’ąlhǫ?

pf with 0‑marked object. (1s titsìghniis’ǫ, 2s titsìghniin‑, 3s titsìghnii‑, 1p titsights’inii‑, 2p titsìghnah‑, 3p ‑) ‑‑‑‑Titsìghniis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Titsìghniin’ǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shirley titsìghniin’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Titsights’inii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Titsìghnah’ǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tanya titsìghnii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shirley titsìghnii’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii Edna Mary titsìghnii’ǫ. ʘ^ma

pf with object prefix. ‑‑‑‑Titsìnighniis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya k’ida titsìsighnìin’ǫa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna titsìnighnìi’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Titsìsighnìi’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Titsighghnìi’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya k’ida sǫ titsighghnìi’ǫ̀? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Titsìnights’inii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya k’ida titsìsighnàah’ǫa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune titsìkhighnii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Titsìghighnìi’ǫ. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑Tinutsìsighu’ąh. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila titsìnusighu’ąh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ tinutsìghin’ąh. ʘ^ma

P‑tu(‑nu)#’ą vpf. (n) ‑‑‑‑Dune tunaghnè’ǫ ’ughutsuts. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane tunè’ǫ sutę. ʘ^em

‑zà#n-D‑’ą v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Muzànint’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Muzànunint’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Yuzànat’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Yuzànunat’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Lhats’eh muzants’inat’ǫ.

cust ‑‑‑‑Lhiihzànaghnut’ąh. ‑‑‑‑’Iihzànaghnut’ąh.

O‑oo-d‑ìì‑D‑’ą v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Dune ’oodidììt’ǫ. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dune ’oots’idììt’ǫ. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dune ’oodidàst’ąlhe. ʘ^em

P‑i(‑nu)#w-ìì‑h‑’ą v. (0,s mom) This verb very commonly occurs with nu‑.

P‑i#w-ìì‑h‑’ą:

impf ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nuts’ùdè’ ’ewìs’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mudahda kewìs’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mewìs’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

pf with 3sg postpositional object. (1s mewìsiih’ǫ, 2s mewìsinh‑, 3s yewììh‑, 1p mewts’ììh‑, 2p mewìsah‑, 3p mewwììh‑) ‑‑‑‑Louie nùni’į̀į̀’ìì gòòlii mewìsiih’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mewìsiih’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mewìsinh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yewììh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mewts’ììh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mewìsah’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mewwììh’ǫ. ʘ^ma

P‑i-nu#w-ìì‑h‑’ą: ‑‑‑‑Minawình’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ yinawììh’ą̀hǫ? ʘ^ma

pf with 3sg postpositional object. (1s minawìsiih‑, 2s minawìsinh‑, 3s yinawììh‑, 1p minawts’ììh‑, 2p minawìsah‑, 3p minawwììh‑) ‑‑‑‑Ya ’inawìsinh’ǫa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Minawìsinh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Minawìsiih’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yinawììh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Minawts’ììh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Minawìsah’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Minawwììh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Inawììh’ǫ. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì Andreas ’inawììh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Inawwììh’ǫ. ʘ^mc ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya inawwììh’ǫa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza minawìsinh’ǫa? ʘ^ma

tulasgus ’inawììh’ǫii n. ʘ^ma (Zonotrichia leuchophrys or Zonotrochia albicollis)

P‑ì‑kwù#d‑’ą v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑Kwùn ’ìkwùdidas’ąlhe. ‑‑‑‑Kwùn ’ìkwùdnìi’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mìkwùts’idnìi’ǫ. For further example(s) of P‑ì‑kwù#d‑’ą see dìì’² (under kwùn dìì’).

cust ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e da kwùn ’ìkwundu’ąh.

dist ‑‑‑‑Kwùn ’ìkwùnùdùs’ǫ.

‑dzèè’ kù#’ą v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Nudzèè’ kùs’ą̀hǫ? ‑‑‑‑Sudzèè’ kìin’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Mudzèè’ kùts’ii’ǫ.

‑iidìì’ P‑ch’u#d-ìì‑’ą v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Miidìì’ much’udìs’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane ’ii mudèdzè’ yiidìì’ yuch’udìì’ǫ. ʘ^ma

du#’ą/le v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ gwa dususla. ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ gwa duts’usla. Lhìghè’ sudowa nùnun’ą̀h.

nì#(w‑)’ą/le v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑’Ide ’utsigǫ̀’ nìniis’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Ide ’utsigǫ̀’ nìniisla.

nì#w-d‑’ą v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑Lhadà la Fort Ware noodnìis’ǫ. ’Ide ka’ìslhah. ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è Uncle Perry kwune la Porcupine Forks wuts’è’ khu’èh noodnìi’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda sà’è noots’idnìi’ǫ.

P‑’èh nì#w-d‑d-ìì‑’ą v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Khu’èh noodidìì’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Mu’èh noots’ididìì’ǫ.

‑iilà’ ‑’ą v. (cont) ‑‑‑‑Siilà’ nùsu’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yiilà’ nùda’ą̀lhe. ‑‑‑‑Miilà’ naws’ą̀’ìì wukaynuszun.

impf (1s nùs’ą, 2s nun‑, 3s nù‑, 1p nùts’u‑, 2p nàh‑, 3p nùghu‑) ‑‑‑‑Woolà’ nàh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woolà’ nùts’u’ą. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Niilà’ nù’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miilà’ nùs’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miilà’ nun’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii kwùlą miilà’ nun’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii kwùlą miilà’ nun’ą. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Khiilà’ nùghu’ą. ʘ^ma

na’u’ą n. [compare CJ Sla-hal’ “A game played with ten small disks, one of which is marked.” (Gibbs)]

nu#w-d‑’ą v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Khuk’èh nawda’ąlh. ʘ^em

sa ‑’ą, sa#’ą v. (mot) This verb has no perambulative derivation. also su#.

prog ‑‑‑‑Deèdza sa ghu’ąlha? ‑‑‑‑Sa ghu’ąlhìì zǫh sa kwii’ǫ. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Kwùla sa dùs’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Sa kùdùs’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kùsii’ǫ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sa kìi’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kùnusii’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla khwùdè’ sa tse ’įįh dzè’ du’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ sa dudìì’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sa kwii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sa k’wus’ii’ǫ.

sa na’ììt’ǫ n. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla sa na’ììt’ǫ.

kwù‑sa#d-ìì‑’ą, kì‑sa#d-ìì‑’ą v. (mom) also su#. ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh kwùsadìì’ǫ. Yįįhdze ’udiidòòwè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kìsadìì’ǫ, kwùsadìì’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kwunusadìì’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Kwusanudìì’ǫ, kwunusadìì’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Didoo dzenèes ’udoo kìsadìì’ą̀h. Widnùstl’ùts.

cust ‑‑‑‑Kwùnusadìì’ąh.

‑’ǫ v. (clf s neu) ‑‑‑‑’Ide su’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Yhèlh su’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda nun k’esu’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Gwa wu’ǫ̀’ìì wukaynuszų. ʘ^ma

’òòna k’eh su’ǫii n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Òòna k’eh su’ǫii nidòòwè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Òòna k’eh su’ǫ kayniizun. ʘ^ma

dùs’ǫ n.

too dusu’ǫ n. For example(s) for too dusu’ǫ see doos (under ‑doos).

refl ‑‑‑‑’Ehlàdè’ gwuda dìint’ǫ, tachǫh wudowa. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑Yhèlh siih’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Jode tsà’ kè’ nudowa siih’ǫ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tsà’ chę̀’ Edna dowa siih’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwuda kǫh wèh’ǫ. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ gwuda wèh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwuda kǫh woowèh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nudeh das’ǫ̀lhe. ‑‑‑‑Louie dowa kachowa winh’ǫ̀’. Kaghdoontsedìì nò. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of caus see tsè’ (under ‑tsìda).

w-h‑’ǫ v. ‑‑‑‑’Ide wìsinh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sugàh wìsinh’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nesdììh. Kèhwilè nu’èh shòwà’ wìsinh’ǫ. ʘ^ma

n-h‑’ǫ v. ‑‑‑‑Nutsìì’ nìinh’ǫ. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Ooyè zǫh nèh’ǫ. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Ooyè zǫh nèeh’ǫ. ʘ^em

’eht’ǫ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑eht’ǫ̀’, dim ’eht’wązii) ʘ^mc (psddim ‑eht’wą̀ązii) ‑‑‑‑meht’ǫ̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’àhzèhii kheht’ǫ̀’ ‑‑‑‑Meht’ǫ̀’ joo mutl’a kwinlèh. ‑‑‑‑Weht’ǫ̀’ nunèhtsulii ’èh ’udoo diih ghizehkhe. ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ ts’è’ neht’ǫ̀’ kaghdin’òòn.

‑tl’ǫh nu#w‑’ǫ v. (s neu) ‑‑‑‑Khutl’ǫh nawùs’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dè’ nuts’idudùlh ’ii la, kwùla lhadzè’ khutl’ǫh nawùs’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Didòò dzenèes sutl’ǫh nawda’ǫ̀lhe.

’-n‑’ǫ v. (n) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gòòle sadus ’unè’ǫ. ʘ^em

caus ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’èh miniinh’ǫ̀’. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’èh ’uyii nik’òògè’ ’iniinh’ǫ̀’.

mèh kininh’ǫ̀’ii n.

P‑ghǫh O‑h‑’ǫ v. (s neu) ‑‑‑‑Dàna sǫh seh’ǫ.

P‑ts’è’ O‑h‑’ǫ v. (s neu) ‑‑‑‑Dàna suts’è’ seh’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Khununè’ ghǫh dàna khuts’è’ gheh’ǫ.

P‑ts’è’ dza#h‑’ǫ v. (s neu) ‑‑‑‑Yuts’è’ dzaseh’ǫ.

lhì‑nu#O‑d‑’ą v. (n neu) ‑‑‑‑Lhìnaàdin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìnats’idnìi’ǫ.

dù‑nu#O‑d‑’ą v. (n neu) ‑‑‑‑Noosà’ dùnadin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnadnìis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnuts’idnìi’ǫ.

sà#d-h‑D‑’ą/la v. (s neu) also sù#. ‑‑‑‑Dzèh sàdèht’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhatahda sadèhya. ‑‑‑‑Ya sùts’idèhya? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììk sàdèht’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sadèest’ǫ. ʘ^ma

sadèht’ǫ n. ʘ^ma

Sadèht’ǫ prsn. nickname for Mary Charlie.

sàts’idèht’ǫ n. ‑‑‑‑Sàts’idèht’ǫ sùnlèh. ʘ^ma

sadèhya n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sàts’idèhya sànlèh. ‑‑‑‑Sùdèesya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sàdèesya ’us’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dune saydèhya ’us’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dune saydèhya ’ustsuts. ʘ^ma

’ą²

neu	’ą	’ą̀’	’ą̀lh	’ą̀’
cust	’ąh

‑’ą v. (ext neu) There are no distinctive distributive stem forms. The semantically most neutral prefix is n‑. [PA *’a: “extend” (L87)]

gh‑ cnj ‑‑‑‑Gat nii’ą. ‑‑‑‑Tse dzèh kunii’ą. ‑‑‑‑Dichin too dzè’ kudnii’ą. ‑‑‑‑Ya t’ìi’ąa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide la mudah koowà’ą. ‑‑‑‑Mudàwnii’ą. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dotiiye k’oowè’ą tadįįdze yhìsa nii’ą. For further example(s) of gh‑ cnj see ’ądze.

dist ‑‑‑‑Gat nùnsu’ą.

caus ‑‑‑‑Kwùn ts’è’ ’utsùn ’una’inh’ą. ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ dowa nìsìniih’ą̀’.

impf with ti# “in water”. (1s tiniih’ą, 2s tininh‑, 3s tiiniih, 1p tits’iniih‑, 2p tinah‑, 3p tighghniih‑) ‑‑‑‑Tiniih’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑tininh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka tininh’ą? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tiiniih’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna tiiniih’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya tiniih’ąa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tits’iniih’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tinah’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tighghniih’ą. ʘ^ma

mèh nadii’ą n. ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ mèh nadii’ą ghàdinkàh.

’utsùn ’unadii’ą n.

‑t’ìi’ą n. (psd ‑t’ìì’ą̀’) ‑‑‑‑’ut’ìi’ą ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’òòst’ę t’ìi’ą ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dusdlęha t’ìi’ą ’unleh, tsuts dinhch’ilii ts’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dusdlęha t’ìi’ą sugàh nintį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ni’òòst’ę t’ìi’ą̀’ sugàh nintį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

lhìghè’ mugàh nii’ą num.

nun tinii’ą n. ʘ^ma For example(s) for nun tinii’ą see tl’ǫǫ (under (P‑)du#O‑tl’ǫǫ).

0‑ cnj ‑‑‑‑Gat ka’ą. ‑‑‑‑’Ide la k’ii ka’ą. ‑‑‑‑K’oowìì’ą. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mugodè’ wa wìì’ą. ʘ^em

bes kwùnìì’ą n.

kighdìì’ą n. ʘ^ma also ’ukighdìì’ą. For example(s) for kighdìì’ą see kì (under clf-mot).

tl’owe chow ka’ąde n. ‑‑‑‑Tl’owe chow ka’ąde kuda k’ànustą.

kudnu’ą, kudnu’ąde n. (w)

kudnu’ą: ‑‑‑‑nugònè’ kudnu’ą ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑nuts’unè’ kudnu’ą ʘ^ma

kudnu’ąde: ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑suk’wus kudnu’ąde ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sugwùt kudnu’ąde wik’oodidìh.

nun tse niina’ą n.

s‑ cnj ‑‑‑‑Mukè’ zǫh kwùnudnùs’ą. (Nats’oodalh)

’uyiinùs’ą n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyiinùs’ą lhetòn.

‑kwedùs’ą n. ‑‑‑‑mukwedùs’ą ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑sukwedùs’ą ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukwedùs’ą sùntį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

nun nisu’ą n. ʘ^ma

Ts’ùdle Nisu’ą pn. ʘ^ma

nun yàsu’ą n. ʘ^ma

n‑ cnj ‑‑‑‑’Utune wè’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze la yhììh tune wè’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukè’ lhìdè’ą. ‑‑‑‑Tse Tii tah dotiiye k’òòwè’ą.

nun lhìdè’ą n. ʘ^ma

duz lhìdè’ą n. ʘ^ma

h‑’ą v. ‑‑‑‑Duz yàh’ą. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑canyon kawdèh’ąde ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kawdadą̀da kawdèh’ą. Yì’ǫ̀dze miighe kudèhya. ’Ii wǫh la wùwujii Kawdèya wùwujii. ʘ^lt

nun yàh’ą n. ʘ^ma

Duz Yàh’ąde pn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duz Yàh’ąde la yà’ehtune. ʘ^ma

dist ‑‑‑‑Too gàh la k’àtèle kùnàh’ą. ‑‑‑‑’Ut’ǫ̀’ chow too gàh nuyeh, kooyà ’uza kùnàh’ąde.

P‑ts’è’ n‑’ą v. (0) ‑‑‑‑Lhiihts’è’ ts’inu’ą. ‑‑‑‑Mary ’èh Edna ’èh lhiihts’è’ ghinu’ą. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nuts’è’ noos’ą̀’ìì wukaynuszun. Nut’ah ’òòyaslę.

cust ‑‑‑‑’Udoo suts’è’ nu’ąh. Sesdąhdzè’ nu’ąh ’wèdè’.

tl’à#w-h‑’ą v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Tl’àwìsinh’ą. ʘ^ma

tsì#h‑’ą v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè kùtsìis’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh zǫh kùtsìih’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sutlasè’ ’ìdighde dukǫh suda. Kùtsìih’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukǫh zǫh kùtsìih’ą. ʘ^ma

nù‑gwù#h‑’ą v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Nùgwìih’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùgwùts’iih’ą. ʘ^ma

dist ‑‑‑‑Nùgwùnùgheh’ą.

cust ‑‑‑‑Nùnugwùts’iih’ą.

P‑ku#(w‑)d-h‑’ą v. (s,) ‑‑‑‑Mukawoodèh’ą. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Mukawts’idèh’ą. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mukawoodèh’ą. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dune kawdìinh’ą. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wukawdìinh’ą. ‑‑‑‑Khudawdudèh. ’Udoo mukawdèeh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’udoo dune kawdèh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Idoo dune kawdèh’ą. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune ’ughdidèhtììy. ’Udoo kawdìinh’ą.

‑da’ą̀’ adv.

dìghda’ą̀’ adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dìghda’ą̀’ sinh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii selà’ dìghda’ą̀’ nàantį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dìghda’ą̀’ zǫh niitęh.

tèlèda’ą̀’ adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tèlèda’ą̀’ sintę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nits’ììhts’ìgè’ tèlèda’ą̀’ sinhtǫ. ʘ^ma

yòòwèda’ą̀’ adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yòòwèda’ą̀’ sutę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii melà’ yòòwèda’ą̀’ sutǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yòòwèda’ą̀ nintį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’oosà’ yòòwèda’ą̀’ nin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane yòòwèda’ą̀’ zǫh niitęh. ‑‑‑‑Yòòwèda’ą̀’ siihtǫ. ʘ^ma [cf. ts’iihyòòwè “straight down”]

’ą³

dur

’ą

’ą̀’

’ą̀lh

’ą̀’

O‑h‑’ą v. ‑‑‑‑Ya ghǫha ’uyii dune ’udoo ’inh’ą? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune das’ą̀lhe. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune wus’ą̀’ii.

pf (1s ghiih’ą̀’, 2s ghiinh‑, 3s ghiih‑, 1p ts’iih‑, 2p ghah‑, 3p ghighiih‑) ‑‑‑‑Edna ghiih’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Edna ghiinh’ą̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas Edna ghiih’ą̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ts’iih’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna ghah’ą̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì Edna ghighiih’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna ghiih’ą̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghighiih’ą̀. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kàhgàdǫ̀ ’uyii dune ghiih’ą̀’ii sudànà’ nìs’įį. [PA *ɬ‑’a:‑’ “send” (L87)]

du#O‑d-h‑’ą v. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ dusidinh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune dusideh’ą, “store ts’è’ diinyalhǫ” sèhnii. ’Ii ’èh “ǫ” ’ìdisįį. ‑‑‑‑Andreas daghdeh’ą. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Daghighdeh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka dundiih’ą̀’a? ‑‑‑‑Duts’idiih’ą̀’. ‑‑‑‑Dusididah’ą̀lhe. ‑‑‑‑Duts’idooh’ą̀’ii. For further example(s) of du#O‑d-h‑’ą see n (under ninii).

impf with w‑/woo‑ 3pl object. (1s dawdus’ą/dawoodus’ą, 2s dawdinh‑/dawoodinh‑, 3s dawdeh‑, 1p dawts’ideh‑/dawoots’ideh‑, 2p dawdah‑/dawoodah‑, 3p dawoodeh‑) ‑‑‑‑Dawdeh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawts’ideh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawdah’ą. ʘ^ma

’a’ exp. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’A’, lhawìì, ’udoo kant’e. For further example(s) of ’a’ see lhut (under caus).

’ą̀’¹

’-n‑h‑’ą̀’ v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’uniih’ą̀’. ‑‑‑‑’Isǫ ya kayniizun ghǫh sǫ ’uniih’ą̀’ìì.

’ą̀’² send

mom	’ą̀’	’ą̀’	’ą̀lh	’ą̀’
per	’ą̀h	’ą̀h	’ą̀lh	’ą̀h

O‑h‑’ą̀’ v. [PA *ɬ‑’a:‑’ “send” (L87)]

per ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii kwùtah k’ès’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùtah k’ès’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùtah k’inh’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas kwùtah k’ìseh’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary kwùtah k’es’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì kwùtah k’ìsiih’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìniih’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Àtsǫǫ kwùtah k’ìsidah’ą̀lhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas kwùtah k’ìdas’ą̀lhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh sǫ kwùtah k’oos’ą̀hìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas kwùtah k’ìts’ooh’ą̀hii. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, khudii lhadzè’ dinh’ą̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yìdà’è wideh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è widèeh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è widèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Deèdza yidèh’ą̀’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’idèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Andreas deèdza sidèh’ą̀’a? ‑‑‑‑Mary yì’ònè Andreas ts’ìdèeh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’ìnònè dèeh’ą̀’. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè yàsèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh kwusiih’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh dùsìniih’ą̀’. ʘ^ma For further examples of mom see lhadzè’; tsits.

O‑h‑’ą̀ v. (mom)

ts’i-nu#O‑n-ìì‑h‑’ą̀’ v. (0) ‑‑‑‑Ts’inusinììh’ą̀’.

ni(‑nu)#O‑d-ìì‑h‑’ą̀’ v. (0) ni‑nu ‑‑> na. ‑‑‑‑Nasidình’ą̀’. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nisidàh’ą̀’ ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nidììh’ą̀’. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Tlįį nisidììh’ą̀’. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Noots’idììh’ą̀’. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nits’idòòh’ą̀’ii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Khwąze nits’ididàs’ą̀lhe. ʘ^em [< nu# from ni-nu#]

cust ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ kutl’e dǫ̀ nasidììh’ą̀h.

‑dowa nì#O‑h‑’ą̀’ v. ‑‑‑‑Andreas dowa ’ide nìsìniih’ą̀’. ʘ^em

’abahòl n. (psd ‑’abahòlè’) [from Eng overall]

’ądze adv. (pr ’ąʹdze) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ ’ądze gwa tse nii’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo gat ’ądze nii’ą. ‑‑‑‑’Ądze ’ii tse gwa su’ǫ.

’ah n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑’ahè’) ‑‑‑‑mu’ahè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑su’ahè’ ʘ^ma [PA *’a:x^y “snowshoe” (K05)]

’ah chow n. (psd ‑’ahè’ chow)

> ’ah bèla “bearpaw snowshoe” see under bèla

> ’ah bììja “temporary, emergency snowshoe” see under bììch

> ’ah chę̀’ “rear end of snowshoe, tail” see under che

> ’ah tl’oolhè’ “fine babiche” see under tl’oolh

> ’ah tsìì’ “snowshoe tip” see under tsìì’

’ąh¹

sà#w-d‑’ąh v. also sù#. ‑‑‑‑Sawdu’ąh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo sawdus’ąh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sàwoodu’ąh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of sà#w-d‑’ąh see kooht’è’ (under koot’è’).

dist ‑‑‑‑Sùnàwoodu’ąh. ʘ^ma

’ąh²

P‑e#d-n‑’ąh v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònèsgòòh mednin’ąh. ʘ^ma

’àhzèhii adj. ‑‑‑‑Sitiiyè’ ’àhzèhii nùdèehtl’iit. ‑‑‑‑’Ide jooayììlàh. “’Àhzèhii kheht’ǫ̀’” ’èhnii.

> ’ahyè “that way, over there” see under yè²

> ’ahyughà “over there, that way” see under yughà

’ak’ǫ̀ adv. (pr ’ak’ǫ̀ʹ) ʘ^ma variant of kak’ǫ̀.

just now, a little while ago: ‑‑‑‑’Ak’ǫ̀ lat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ak’ǫ̀ ’astsèt. ‑‑‑‑Didòò ’ak’ǫ̀ nudùsja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ak’ǫ̀ Andreas ’ìtsè’è dèhya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ak’ǫ̀ lhunasdalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ak’ǫ̀ kìnawdnàt’į̀į̀lh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma For further example(s) of just now, a little while ago see ’ììze.

as soon as, just as: ‑‑‑‑’Ak’ǫ̀ ’òòhk’èh lhuts’adùlhii ’ii joo sąs khu’èh kàatsut. For further example(s) of as soon as, just as see ya³ (under P‑gà#d-ya/’ats/detl).

’ak’ǫ̀? exp.

’ą̀gh deceive

dur

’ąh

’ą̀gh

’ąlh

’ąh

(nu#)O‑n‑’ą̀gh v. ‑‑‑‑Nuniis’ą̀gh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila nuniis’ą̀gh. Andreas joo nuniis’ą̀gh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Naynii’ą̀gh. ‑‑‑‑Nasighnii’ą̀gh.

kù#O‑n‑’ą̀gh v. ‑‑‑‑Kùts’inii’ą̀gh. ‑‑‑‑Yudowa nùzudììzǫh ’udoo khudii khwùdè’ kaynii’ą̀gh. Gwudzè’ la yizèhkhę. ʘ^ma

> ’Aghele “Carrier people” see under khe²

’àl chew

dur

’àl

’àl

’àl

’àl

P‑(’i‑)(yhì)#d-n‑H‑’àl v. some tonal variation: sometimes ’ì before yhì, sometimes yhi in closed syllable. [cf. O‑h‑’àtl “chew on O”]

P‑’ì‑yhì#d-n‑H‑’àl: ‑‑‑‑Ya ’iyhìdnin’àla? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ’iyhìdnah’àla? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ’ìyhìdnu’àl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ’iyhìts’idnu’àl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ’iyhidnus’àl ʘ^ma

yhì#O‑d-n‑H‑’àl: ‑‑‑‑Dzèh yhìdnus’àl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ yhìdnus’àl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ yhighdnu’àl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya yhìdnu’àla? ʘ^ma

O‑d-n‑H‑’àl: ‑‑‑‑Ya dinin’àla? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ dinus’àl. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dzèh dinus’àl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ dinu’àl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ts’idnu’àl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzèh ts’idnu’àl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya dinah’àla? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ghidnu’àl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ dachow dinas’àl.

(nu#)O‑d-n‑H‑’àl v.

fut (1s nudnas’àle, 2s nudniin‑, 3s nudna‑, 1p nùts’idna‑, 2p nudnah‑, 3p naghdna‑) ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ nudnas’àle. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudniin’àlǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ nudna’àle. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ nùts’idna’àle. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudnah’àlǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ naghdna’àle. ʘ^ma

opt ‑‑‑‑“Kwùla sa dzèè’ tadįįdze,” ’èhnii. “’Utsigǫ̀’ nuts’idnoo’àlii.” ʘ^ma

’ànìì’ exp. (pr ’àʹnìì’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ànìì’, gwudze ghiinyalh.

’àt n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too k’eh ’àt wìlę. ‑‑‑‑’Àt nidòòwawìjàh. For further example(s) of ’àt see ya⁵ (under d-ya). [PA *’a’:q’ “fog” (K05)]

’àtl

dur	’àlh	’àtl	’àlh	’àlh
mom	’àl	’àtl	’àlh	’àl

O‑h‑’àtl v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Tlįį ’uts’unè’ ’eh’àlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlįį ’uts’unè’ ghiih’àtl. ‑‑‑‑Ts’iih’àtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ niih’àtl. ‑‑‑‑Diinh’àlhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ ’uts’unè’ dah’àlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ts’idah’àlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dah’àlhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlįį ’inleo? ’Ughųzè’ winh’àlhìì! ʘ^ma [cf. (’ì)(yhì)#O‑d-n‑H‑’àl “chew O”] [PA *’a’:tl’ “chew, bite” (L87)]

O‑(h‑)’àtl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Khą̀ts k’inàwdeh’àtl, tasdlęha ka. ‑‑‑‑Ghùje sǫ yik’ida nukanooh’àlìì. ‑‑‑‑Tudniis’àtl. ‑‑‑‑Tùts’idnii’àtl.

cust ‑‑‑‑Digìch da diighǫ̀ǫ̀’ ’èh yik’inàweh’àtl.

nù#O‑d‑’àtl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uts’unè’ nùdus’àl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlįį ’uts’unè’ nùdùs’àtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’unè’ nùdèes’àtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’unè’ nùdoon’àlììnò. ʘ^ma

nù#O‑gh-ìì‑’àtl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Tlįį nùsighìì’àtl. ‑‑‑‑Kàhgàdǫ̀ ’usdii tlįį sulèè’ nùghìì’àtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nayghìì’àtl. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùnighòò’àlìì. For further example(s) of nù#O‑gh-ìì‑’àtl see kàhgà (under kàhgàdǫ̀). [cf. nù#gh‑ “accidentally”]

’ats du go

mom	’às/t’às	’ats/t’ats	’às/t’às	’às/t’às
per	t’às	t’às	t’às	t’às
prog	’às/t’às

‑’ats v. (mot) [PA *’a:č’ “several go on foot” (L87)]

prog (1d ts’a‑, 2d ghah‑, 3d gha‑) ‑‑‑‑Ts’a’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghah’àsǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gha’às. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’ut’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìghut’às. ‑‑‑‑Deèdza k’àht’àsa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìghat’as lǫ̀.

mèh k’ìts’ut’àsii n. ‑‑‑‑Mèh k’ìts’ut’àsii gwudze sutǫ.

psd (1d mèh k’ìts’ut’àsii, 2d mèh k’àht’àsii, 3d mèh k’ìghut’àsii)

mom ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ dah’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza dah’adza? ‑‑‑‑Ts’idùs’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè ts’idùs’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kats’ììhlhah ts’è’ ts’idùs’ats. ‑‑‑‑Fort Grahame ts’è’ nuts’idat’àse ’ii dowa ’ìdighè ’Ukà’ii gàh nunts’ust’ats.

‑tl’ǫh nu#d-D‑’ats/detl v. ‑‑‑‑Edna ’èh lhiihtl’ǫh nudaht’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh nudahdùlh. ʘ^ma

h‑’ats v. (mot

per¹ ‑‑‑‑K’èh’às. ʘ^ma

mom¹ ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsè’è dèh’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla kuda dèh’ats. ‑‑‑‑Kwùsǫ yhììh nun too gàh dah’àse. ‑‑‑‑’Ii ts’elę mun ’ìdìlįį ’uyii ts’elę gàh lhoowe deh’às ’elhèh. ‑‑‑‑Yàghdèh’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsììghà’ nidììh’ats. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom¹ see ’įį² (under pf).

cust

Dude Kàh’àsde n.

Khuda Chinah’àsde pn. ʘ^lt TsK’ place. ‑‑‑‑Kuda Tinah’àsde Kw pronunciation of this place.

’uka d-h‑’ats v.

mom ‑‑‑‑Kuda ’uka dèh’ats.

O‑n-h‑’ats v.

per ‑‑‑‑Tlįį k’ìlhighneh’às.

’àa adv. [from McL/TsK’]

’e

P‑’e#d-h‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑Ts’utsudzii ’ets’idehkeh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Ts’utsudzii ’ets’idèhkę ʘ^em

’ę have, be

neu

t’ę

t’ę̀’

t’ę̀lh

t’ę̀’

(u#)O‑d-D‑’ę v. (n neu) [PA *də‑’e:ŋ “have, own, possess” (L87)]

have: ‑‑‑‑Tlįį dèst’ę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tlįį chow dèst’ę. Tlįį kunùtsìdla zǫh ’us’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ dèst’ę. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį ’uts’idèt’ę, ts’idèt’ę. ‑‑‑‑Gwùndàn ’udèt’ęǫ? ʘ^ma

use: ‑‑‑‑Tsuts joo dint’ę. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo kooht’e la ’umawii ’uzùs bes ghidèt’ę. ʘ^ma

w-d‑D‑’ę v. ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è la kǫh wits’idèt’ę. ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh kǫh wididast’ę̀lhe.

P‑i#w-d‑D‑’ę v. i#w ‑‑> oo. ‑‑‑‑Tazowe koodat’ę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nuk’èh koodat’ę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tsits k’èh koodat’ę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wooba kwune dèkaghujàha? ’Udoo woodat’ę. ʘ^ma

P‑i#w-d‑D‑’ę v. ‑‑‑‑Kuda nùdatsida da ’uwute’e moodat’ę. ‑‑‑‑Ninii la khwùdè’ numa k’èhdzè’ noodat’ę. ‑‑‑‑Muk’èhdzè’ khoodat’ę.

sòò#n-ìì‑D‑’ę v. ‑‑‑‑Sòònàt’ę̀’ ghiilè’ lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Sòònoot’ę̀’ìì wukayniizun.

impf (1s sòònìnust’ę, 2s sòònin‑, 3s sòònè‑, 1p sòòts’inè‑, 2p sòònah‑, 3p soonè‑) ‑‑‑‑Sòòts’inèt’ę. ‑‑‑‑Shòwàghàhdaǫ? Sòònàht’ęǫ?

’ech n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑’ejè’, psddim ‑’eèja) ‑‑‑‑su’ejè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mu’ejè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nu’ejè’ ’ute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii mu’ejè’ dinùstl’ùdzii mùnunhtsoos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mu’eèja ’ute’e. ʘ^ma [PA *’e:g^y “coat, shirt” (K05)]

> ‑’ejè’ gònè’ “sleeve” see under gòn

’èdè’ adv. (pr ’èʹdè’) ʘ^ma occurs with sǫ (uncertainty). ‑‑‑‑’Èdè’ sǫ Andreas k’ànoostà’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Èdè’ sǫ dukǫh lhundoojà’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Èdè’ sǫ nudoonjà’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Èdè’ sǫ widoondèhìì. ʘ^ma

’ędii

‑’ędii n. ‑‑‑‑Tii ’ędii ma tiiyawìjàh. ‑‑‑‑Mu’ędii nudowa witsį̀į̀’? ‑‑‑‑Edna ’ędii wits’usdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woo’ędii wits’usdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ah ’ędii ’ìtsè’è ts’elę gàh dèestl’a. ‑‑‑‑Edna kutl’e ’ìdè’è tudèhya, dudàà’ ’ędii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“’Usanant’e dè’ ’uskale kwùsǫ nu’ędii ghiilè’,” ’ìdisįį. For further example(s) of ‑’ędii see ts’ùlh² (under n-ts’ùlh). [PA *P‑e:‑d@n “without P” L87]

ke ’ędii n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Ke ’ędii susda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ke ’ędii k’indah.

’ę̀dzè’

tse ’ę̀dzè’ n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse ’ę̀dzè’ ’oonejit. [cf. dzèh² “cliff, bluff”]

’èga n. (psd ‑’ègà’, psddim ‑’ègazii) ‑‑‑‑Mu’ègazii mùntį̀į̀h. [from McL/TsK’]

’èh

‑’èh n. [PA *P‑@’tl’ “with P” (K05)] [cf. èh “with, like, same as”. The PA root developed word-initial Ɂ stop with these senses, slightly different from ‑èh.]

with, and: ‑‑‑‑Nu’èh doosyà’ii. ‑‑‑‑Du’èh k’ìyu’ąh. ‑‑‑‑Edna ’èh mudowats’iiht’e. ‑‑‑‑Edna ’èh ’ìnònè ’uts’idìslooz. ‑‑‑‑Edna ’èh ya ghahtsèda? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è nudùsja ’èh du’èh yidùs’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Du’èh taydùs’ǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Du’èh naydùs’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Andreas ’èh nudindah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma ’èha nudadalha? ‑‑‑‑Ma ’èha nudiindalha? Edna ’èh? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“Mary nùkhèh’įį.” “Ma ’èha?” “Edna ’èh nùkhèh’įį.”

by means of, using: For examples for by means of, using see ’ą¹ (under caus); ’àtl (under cust); ’įį³ (under refl); ’iigholh; bèla (under ’utsoosbèla); bììch (under O‑h-bììch); chin (under ‑chinè’); ch’ìla (under ku#gh-d‑ch’ìla); dah⁶ (under ‑dahdze); dè’² (under ‑dè’); dìì’¹ (under too ’èh ‑nè’ P‑k’ù#d-diih); dìì’¹ (under du#w-n‑diih); jìje (under ’òòsgą jìjè’).

P‑’èh p. For example(s) for P‑’èh see dich (under P‑i-nu#w-d‑D-dich).

’èh conj. ‑‑‑‑’Udàà’ ’èh ’Aghele ’èh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyaghè’ ’èh ’utsigǫ̀’ ’èh lhidììh. ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ’èh soonè’ ’èh kwudindiiǫ? ‑‑‑‑Lùbùdak ’èh ’utsùn ’èh dùnùsdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas ’èh Mary ’èh Edna kighoohdįįhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdahdze dèestl’a gwudze zǫh Mary ’èh mama ’èh suneh nughat’às. ‑‑‑‑Wilson ’èh Tommy ’èh Frank ’èh la wìkìghiidetl.

’èh sub. requires noun or nominalized sentence argument; nominalization covert after vowel.

nominal argument: ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’èh dèkajàha? ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’èh tudèhtl’a. For further example(s) of nominal argument see dìì’³ (under impf).

nominalized sentence argument: ‑‑‑‑Wuk’idnììghàdlii ’èh kitsììnèhgwuch. ‑‑‑‑Dusbùdii ’èh ’utsùn nèes’įį. ‑‑‑‑K’ìghukehii ’èh too ghizèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e ’udìì’òòn ’ii ’èh ’udoo mukawts’idèh’ą. ‑‑‑‑Mayiislòò’ii ’èh nudèesja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miilà’ dììzą̀z, ’ii ’èh too ’ujàh. ʘ^ma

sentential argument without overt nominalization: ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dàna dèst’ę ’èh dusbùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usk’ookàn wooweh’ą ’èh gwuda kaghghììhlhah. ʘ^ma For further examples of sentential argument without overt nominalization see ’ine (under impf); ’ine (under tewììh’ine).

> P‑’èh nì#w-d‑d-ìì‑’ą “charge, fight with P unexpectedly” see under ’ą¹

> mu’èh ’uts’ideh’òòdii “whistle” see under ’òòt

> mu’èh tsuts dich’ilii “splitting axe” see under ch’il

> ‑’èhììt’è’ “along with, et cetera” see under ììt’è’

> P‑’èh nu#w-d‑n-tl’ùts “P blacks out” see under tl’ùts¹

> ya¹ (’èh) “how!” see under ya¹

’ehda n. (pr ’ehdaʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (Aquila chrysaetos) ‑‑‑‑’Ehda lhoowe ka ’èhda. ʘ^ma

’ehda muchow n. ʘ^ma For example(s) for ’ehda muchow see tlat (under per).

> ’ehdòò “this (time), now” see under dòò¹

’ehkhwą n. ‑‑‑‑’Ehkhwą too gàh nùdèl ghidii.

’ehlàdè’

> ‑ehlàdè’ “some, part, rest of” see under ehlàdè’

’elhèh adv. (pr ’elhèʹh) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei also ’èlhèh, ’elhè’. ‑‑‑‑Didii saneh nùdidzììs ’elhèh. ‑‑‑‑’Ide lhoowe ka nùghudùlh ’elhè’. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Ninla ’wèdè’ Andreas ’èh ts’ììyìnundalh ’elhèh. ‑‑‑‑Dzenèes tadįįdze la ts’òòdane kǫh lhundadùlh ’elhèh. ‑‑‑‑Ninla ts’ìì’ònè nuzà’ winùstlǫ ’elhèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune ghàghudane ’èlhèh wits’usdune. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’elhèh see ’ats (under mom¹).

’èlhòò

P‑’èlhòò p. ‑‑‑‑Mìsdoos su’èlhòò ts’ììyìnatl’a. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila sughà tunudèhtl’a. Su’èlhòò ts’ììyìnatl’a.

’ę̀sha

d-h‑’ę̀sha v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Deh’ę̀sha. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ deh’ę̀sha. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsììghà’ deh’ę̀sha. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlįį deh’ę̀sha. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dasè’ dlèzhe deh’ę̀sha muts’usdune. ‑‑‑‑Ghideh’ę̀sha. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukodè’ deh’ęshawìjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ deh’ę̀shajàh kudidèhtlahii ’èh.

dist ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo tlįį naghdììh’ę̀sha. ʘ^ma

tsì#h‑’ę̀sha v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane tsìseh’ę̀sha. ʘ^ma

duseh’ę̀sha adv. ‑‑‑‑Duseh’ę̀shànùjàh. ʘ^ma

’etl, ’òlh pl float, fall

per	’òlh	’òlh	’òlh	’òlh
mom	’èl	’etl	’òlh	’èl

‑’etl v. (mot) per H‑’etl.

per ‑‑‑‑K’è’òlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsits k’è’òlh. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdà’è mun k’eh k’ìghu’òlh. ’Wèdè’ gwudzè’ k’ìghu’òlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè wìsdlii. Ya ka k’ìghu’òlha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì k’ìgha’òlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’ida’òlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdawa kwune k’ìts’oo’òlhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, k’ìts’oo’òlhii. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è dùs’etl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsits ’udoo yà’èl. ‑‑‑‑Tsits yìnòdze sits’ìs’une yàsu’etl. ‑‑‑‑Tun kùdu’òlh. ’Ìdà’è tun du’òlh. For further example(s) of mom see ni¹ (under ni#).

mèh kii’edla n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mèh kii’edla la lhidììh. ʘ^ma

nù#n‑’etl v.

mom ‑‑‑‑dichin nùnùs’edlii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts kuts’idoo’àsii. Nùnùs’edlii nùstlǫ. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, nùninh’èl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsǫ̀ǫ̀wìì dichin nùnah’èl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uskewa dichin naghnèh’etl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gat naghdnah’òlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùts’inooh’èlii.

’èts step, kick

mom	’us/’es	’èts	’us	’es
dur	’es		’es	.
cont	’es	’èts	’us	’es

O‑’èts v. [PA *‑’e’:dz “act with foot” (L87)]

dur ‑‑‑‑’Udiin’es.

mom ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ma’in’es. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ma’in’us. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sa’in’us. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miyòonin’es. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mìnus’èts. ‑‑‑‑Yuk’ùdùs’èts. ‑‑‑‑Dists’ii taniis’èts. ‑‑‑‑Edna yòodnas’use. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna yòonoos’esii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siyòonoo’esììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom see ka² (under P‑ka#n‑).

nù#O‑d‑’èts v. (cont) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùdin’es. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda lhàwìì nùdus’es. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhàwìì zǫh nùdèes’èts. ‑‑‑‑Naydùs’èts. Sulèè’ nùdùs’èts. ‑‑‑‑Lhàwìì zǫh nundas’use. ‑‑‑‑Nùsidoon’èsììnò. ‑‑‑‑Lhàwìì zǫh nundoos’esii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhàwìì zǫh nùdoos’esii.

P‑t’ù‑nu#d-D‑’èts v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Nukè’ t’undint’es. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì sukè’ t’undast’èts. For further example(s) of P‑t’ù‑nu#d-D‑’èts see t’àdii (under keht’àdii).

caus ‑‑‑‑Mukè’ t’ùnaydinh’es.

P‑k’i#d-ìì‑D‑’ets v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo su’ahè’ k’indìnt’us. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’idìs’èts.

’i#’-n‑h‑’us v.

mom ‑‑‑‑Ya ka ’iize ’ik’eniinh’us ’ii kayniinzų?

prog ‑‑‑‑’Iize ’inanah’us. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo ’iize ’inats’inah’us.

’eyh exp. ʘ^ma ʘ^em expression while struggling, having a hard time.

’i

’i#d-n‑ vpf. occurs with succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑’Ooshinè’ ’idnèesyìts. ‑‑‑‑’Idnùsghèts. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’i#d-n‑ see tsii (under O‑tsii).

> ’i#d-n‑ “downward movement” see under ’i

> ’i#d-n‑(D‑) “off, away, this way, chase” see under ì¹ For examples for ’i#d-n‑(D‑) see zǫ (under mom); yoot (under mom).

> ’i-d‑n-ghàtl “trip (and fall)” see under khàtl

’ì¹

‑’ì‑nu#D‑ vpf. used with motion verbs. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè kǫh wi’ìnundah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wech’à’ kǫh wi’ìnasja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wech’à’ kǫh wi’ìnastl’a. ʘ^ma

> ’ì#H-da “sg. hunt while stationary” see under da³

> ’ì#d-ìì‑ “intersect with” see under ì¹

> ’ì#H-kę “du. hunt while sitting, be in a hunting stand” see under kę

> koo’ì# “hidden, hiding, stored, out of sight” see under koo’ì

’ì²

’ì‑ dirpf. neutral to far distance; variant of yì‑.

’ide det. (pr ’iʹde) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide kǫh ’awts’idèdlàh. ‑‑‑‑’Ide wuts’eh ’utune winidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’ide wuts’è’ la kesdììh. ‑‑‑‑’Ide la ’udoo kesdììh.

’idniidzą n. ʘ^ma (Fragaria virginia)

> ’idniidzą tl’oolh “strawberry runners” see under tl’oolh

’idoo adv. (pr ’idooʹ) variant of ’udoo. ‑‑‑‑’Idoo ’usanii suda. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Idoo sòòne k’e’int’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Idoo shòwà’ wudindèh. ʘ^ei

’indinii n. (pr ’indiʹnii) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) [PA *dənəx^y “arctostaphylos, bearberry” (KL)]

’Indinii Gàh pn.

’ine

ti#h‑’ine v.

impf (1s tes’ine, 2s tinh‑, 3s teh‑, 1p tits’eh‑, 2p tah‑, 3p tigheh‑) ‑‑‑‑Tits’eh’ine. ‑‑‑‑Teh’ine. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Tigheh’ine. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wookǫh tewììh’ine, ’udoo màda wook’ǫ̀wat’e ’èh.

tewììh’ine adv. ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ tàada ’èh tewììh’ine lhunadalh.

> ’isǫ “I don’t know” see under sǫ

> ’Ìzǫ̀’ii “Izony” see under zǫ

’ìt’è’ adv. emphasisizing especially temporal or locative argument; affixal forms are ‑ììt’è’, ‑èt’è’, ‑t’è’. ‑‑‑‑’Ak’ǫ̀ kìnawdnàt’į̀į̀lh ’ìt’è’ la ’umawii ch’ila jode lha’agelh. ʘ^ma

’ii det. ʘ^ma short form of ’uyii. ‑‑‑‑’Ii ya ’ooht’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii muk’eh suda k’eh wìsinh’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’èh ’ii wuts’eh next day Bill Kǫh lhuts’a’às. ‑‑‑‑’Ii la ’oosà’ su’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Ii dèkawìjàha? [cf. ‑ii 3sg rel/det]

’iiya det. ’iiye before word beginning with ’. ‑‑‑‑’Iiya too nùdut’ęh tazowe. For further examples of ’iiya see da³ (under kì(‑chi)#gh-n‑ìì‑da); tsè’ (under P‑tsìda).

’iiya’ det. ʘ^ma less common variant of ’iiya.

’įį¹

‑’įį nsf. occurs with ‑a diminutive. ‑‑‑‑bàba’įį ‑‑‑‑’àtswą’įį ‑‑‑‑’àtsa’įį ʘ^ma

’įį²

mom

’į̀į̀h

’įį

’į̀į̀lh

’į̀į̀h

nì#d‑’įį v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nìdi’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Khwązii nìdidas’į̀į̀lhe. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nìdoo’į̀į̀hìì wukayniizun.

pf (1s nìdnis’įį, 2s nìdniin‑, 3s nìdè‑, 1p nìts’idè‑, 2p nìdnah‑, 3p nighdè‑) ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune joo k’ula la nighdè’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ kwune joo k’ula nighdè’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula nìdnis’įį. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula nìdniin’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nìdè’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula nìts’idè’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula nìdnah’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dǫ̀’ k’èh nìdè’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii wits’ììt da nìdè’įį ’uwììhsų. ’Ide gòòlii kwa nindììh’às, ’ùkoo ts’ehe. ‑‑‑‑Noodè’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màda wìlę. Kòòhììt’è’ noodè’įį. For further example(s) of pf see t’è’¹ (under t’è’).

Dune nìdèh’iine dowa tinats’ididlii dzenèes n.

’įį³ do

dur	’įį	’į̀į̀’	’į̀į̀lh	’į̀į̀’
cust	’įįh

u#O‑h‑’įį v. (dur) u# a default prefix, replaceable by more contentful prefixes. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’intsudzii biilh unoo’į̀į̀’? For further example(s) of u#O‑h‑’įį see dzen (under didòò dzenèes).

impf¹ (1s ’us’įį, 2s ’anh‑/’unh‑, 3s ’ah‑, 1p ’uts’eh‑, 2p ’ah‑, 3p ugheh‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tlįį ’us’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tlįį ’ah’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dughudahii ’ugheh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jìje ’us’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Uyeh’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ’anh’įǫ? ‑‑‑‑Ya ’anh’įįa? ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Ya ’unh’įįa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii ’utsigǫ̀’ ’uts’eh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’ah’įįa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ah ’ah’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda ’uts’eh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uweh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh ’uweh’įį. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ’us’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nun nitsį̀į̀’ ’ugheh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Ma neh’ą? ʘ^ma

refl ‑‑‑‑Ts’èhts’ìk joo dune mu’èh ’udi’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Udidìì’įį kwududii. ʘ^em

u# replaced ‑‑‑‑Shòwanh’įįh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda dèdas’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya kanh’ą? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya kaneh’ą? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya kayeh’ą? ʘ^ma For further examples of u# replaced see dù² (under what); tsįįhdà.

‑dowa#O‑h‑’ii v. ‑‑‑‑Yudowayeh’įį. ʘ^ma

dza#O‑h‑’įį v. ‑‑‑‑Dzayeh’įį.

khuda#O‑h‑’įį v. ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, khudanh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudasinh’įį. ʘ^ma

P‑k’ǫ̀wa#’įį v. ‑‑‑‑Nuk’ǫ̀waws’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuk’ǫ̀wats’oo’į̀į̀’ii.

la#O‑h‑’įį v. This verb is used in positive, declarative sentences only. ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ las’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ las’įį. ‑‑‑‑Harvey .303 lah’įį. Sinii la .300 ’udèst’ę. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn lats’eh’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Umuse kwùne, ’àtse kwune, ’àtse Old Poole kwune lawweh’įį, John Poole muba kwùne. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wèlìì laweh’įį. ʘ^ma For further examples of la#O‑h‑’įį see dastǫh (under ‑dastǫhda); t’e¹ (under P‑k’ǫ̀wa#t’e); tsut (under P‑ch’ǫ̀ d-D‑tsut).

sa#’į̀į̀ v. low tone due to sa “maybe”. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo jìje chow sagheh’į̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jìje sah’į̀į̀. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jìje sagheh’į̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn sats’eh’į̀į̀. ‑‑‑‑Andreas sǫ dàna sah’į̀į̀. ʘ^ma

sòòna#O‑’įį v. ‑‑‑‑Sòònayeh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Kats’iloos ’ii gòòlii sòònats’eh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Duzàghè’ sòònaweh’įį. [cf. sòòne “slowly”]

ts’ula#O‑h‑’įį v. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ulayeh’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ts’ulats’eh’įį.

’uma#O‑h‑’įį v. ‑‑‑‑’Umayeh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umats’eh’įį.

P‑ì#’įį v. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila ’ìnugha’į̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Duba ’ìda’į̀į̀lhe noodlii. ‑‑‑‑Duba ’oo’į̀į̀’ììsį̀į̀.

impf² with 3sg postpositional object. (1s mès’įį, 2s min‑, 3s yè‑, 1p mìts’i‑, 2p màh‑, 3p mìghi‑) ‑‑‑‑Mìts’i’įį. ‑‑‑‑Mès’įį. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Yè’įį. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ts’òòdane ’in’įį. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tlįį ’àh’įį. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of impf² see ya⁵ (under kwùn diduyahii).

tlįį̀’įį exp. ʘ^em

P‑gha-gà#h‑’įį v. ‑‑‑‑Sagành’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nagàs’į̀į̀h ‑‑‑‑Magàts’eh’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Khitsinlii. Nagàts’eh’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sagà deda Edna ’anh’įį. ʘ^ma

ku#O‑h‑’įį v. ‑‑‑‑Barbara dèkunh’įįa? ‑‑‑‑Ya dèkunh’įįa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkayeh’įįa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkayeh’~a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kusk’ehdzè’ la kuts’eh’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kasinh’įį, lhawìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kah’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsahlii, teh’ine. ’Udoo kah’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kunh’įį. Mitsinlii. ‑‑‑‑Dèkuneh’įį ghǫha muts’inhduna?

sòòch’à#’įį v. ‑‑‑‑’Udughàghinda. ’Udoo dune tah shòòch’an’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sòòch’an’įį. K’e’int’į̀į̀h sootehant’e. ‑‑‑‑Sòòch’à’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sòòch’àts’i’įį. ʘ^ma

shòwa#O‑h‑’įį v. ‑‑‑‑Shòwayeh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwakhigheh’įį. ʘ^ma

P‑tu#O‑h‑’įį v. ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ shoogah tuts’eh’įį. Lùsel joo tuts’eh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Ya mukayniinzų mutunh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Ya mukayts’iniizų la mututs’eh’įį.

soonè’ taghgheh’įį n. ʘ^ma

t’ù#O‑d‑’įį v. ‑‑‑‑T’aydi’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑T’ùdin’įį. ‑‑‑‑T’àghghdi’įį. ‑‑‑‑T’ùts’idu’įį.

’-d‑ìì‑’įį v. ‑‑‑‑’Uts’ididìì’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Its’ididììt’èh ’uts’ididìì’įį. ‑‑‑‑K’edììts’ugh ’udidìì’įį. ‑‑‑‑Dune ’ute’e ’udidìì’įį. ‑‑‑‑Nitsį̀į̀’ ’udidìì’įį.

’įį⁴ see

mom	’į̀į̀h	’įį	’į̀į̀lh/’į̀į̀h	’į̀į̀h
prog	’į̀į̀lh

O‑’įį v. (gh mom) This verb has two unusual features. (1) The perfective is interpreted as either imperfective or perfective. (2) The imperfective is used only to form the negative (or yes/no questions). ‑‑‑‑Noos’į̀į̀hii kwudisdii. ‑‑‑‑K’ah sąs ’ii gòòlii ’in’į̀į̀ha lhàwìì? ʘ^ma [PA *‑’e’:n’ “look, gaze, stare (directionally)” (L87)]

pf¹ (1s ghis’įį, 2s ghin‑, 3s ghi‑, 1p ts’a‑, 2p ghah‑, 3p gha‑) ‑‑‑‑Ghis’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda ghi’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghin’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’a’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghah’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda gha’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ghis’įį. ‑‑‑‑Edna Mary ghi’įį. ‑‑‑‑Khigha’įį. ‑‑‑‑Wits’a’įį. For further example(s) of pf¹ see ’¹ (under a(’)‑).

impf (1s ’us’į̀į̀h, 2s ’in‑, 3s ’u‑, 1p ts’i‑, 2p ’ah‑, 3p ghi‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’us’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’u’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’in’į̀į̀hǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna ’udoo Mary ’u’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑K’ah, yèda ’in’į̀į̀hǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kuda ghi’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nukwùlą̀’ ’us’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ah’į̀į̀hǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda ’us’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ts’i’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda ts’i’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma For further examples of impf see k’àh; w(oo) (under woow‑).

nù#O‑h‑’įį v. (ìì,s mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nà’ìs’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùts’ììh’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda nùts’ììh’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùsììh’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùsình’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Ma nàyèh’įįa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùsidàh’į̀į̀he, ’udoo nùsidàh’į̀į̀lhe. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’. Nàyòòh’į̀į̀hii. Moonle. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’, nàyòòh’į̀į̀hii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ nàaseh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune nùsighèh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùsighèh’įį. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Naghghèh’įį. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’òòdawa naghghèh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nunghèh’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nùnukhèh’įįǫ? ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nùkhighèh’įį. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nùkhighèh’įįǫ? ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nùnukhighèh’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nùsiih’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùsìsinh’įį? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nunts’èh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùnsiih’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùsìsinh’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùsèh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùsìsah’įįǫ? ʘ^ma

pf² with w‑ areal object. (1s nàwsiih’įį, 2s nàwsinh‑, 3s nùwèh‑, 1p nawts’èh‑, 2p nàwsah‑, 3p nawwèh‑) ‑‑‑‑Kǫh nawts’èh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh nàwsiih’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh nàwsinh’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh nùwèh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh nàwsah’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh nawwèh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda k’èh nàwsiih’įį. ‑‑‑‑Nawwèh’įį. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nùnèh’įį ’èh “newitsį̀į̀’” nèhnii?

tlįį nùseh’įį n. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį nùseh’įį nàyèh’įį.

O‑d-d‑h‑’įį v.

mom ‑‑‑‑Ts’ididèh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla didèeh’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo gòòlii ts’ididèh’įį.

ni#O‑d-d‑ìì‑h‑’įį v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Nididììh’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo la nididììh’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo gòòlii nits’ididììh’įį. Kwùdii mik’edatlah ’ejàh. ʘ^ma

nu#y-d‑’įį v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Nayts’idi’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Tùsusya wuts’eh yìtsòòwìì naydèes’įį. ‑‑‑‑Nayts’idìs’įį. ‑‑‑‑Kwùsǫ Louie lhadzè’ dèhya ’ìnòòwìì tse k’eh naydoo’į̀į̀hii wuka. ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh nayts’idoo’į̀į̀hii. ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ ’ìnònè naydis’į̀į̀h.

da#y-d‑D‑’įį v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Mudayts’idi’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

refl ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ dayts’idit’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Daydint’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Daydit’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

P‑ku#y-d‑’įį v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Mukayts’idi’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Mukaydis’į̀į̀h ’ii gòòlii nidòòwè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yahdighde ’usba nùzudii kaydah’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Mukayts’idoo’į̀į̀hii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Una kayts’idòò’į̀į̀hii. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of P‑ku#y-d‑’įį see jàh (under P‑ka ‑jàh).

kì‑nu#w-d‑n-ìì‑D‑’į̀į̀h v. (ìì,s

prog ‑‑‑‑Kìnawdnàt’į̀į̀lh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kìnawdinàt’į̀į̀lh. ʘ^mc

mom ‑‑‑‑Kìnawdnìst’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kìnawdnììt’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’, kìnawdnòòt’į̀į̀hii. ʘ^ma

’įį⁵, ’į̀į̀h, ’į̀į̀’ sneak

conc	’į̀į̀h	’įį	’į̀į̀lh	’į̀į̀h
dur	’į̀į̀’	’į̀į̀’	’į̀į̀lh	’į̀į̀’
mom	’į̀į̀h	’įį	’įįlh	’į̀į̀h
per	’įįh	’įįh	’įįlh	’įįh
prog	’įįlh
cust	’įįh

O‑n‑’į̀į̀h v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Dune ’uni’į̀į̀h da witsį̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dughelè’ ts’eh ’uni’į̀į̀hii ’edììh. ‑‑‑‑Yidna’į̀į̀lhe. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’, noos’į̀į̀hii. [PA *n‑’i:ŋ “steal” (L87)]

pf with 3sg pronominal object. (1s nèes’įį, 2s nìin‑, 3s yinìs‑, 1p ts’inìs‑, 2p nàah‑, 3p ghighnìs‑) ‑‑‑‑Dusbùdii ’èh ’unèes’į. ‑‑‑‑Yuts’ahdè’ nìs’įį. ‑‑‑‑Ts’inìs’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo tlįį ts’utsudzii ghinìs’įį. ‑‑‑‑Ya ghinìs’įįa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Bùdii ghinìs’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Bùdii ghinès’įį. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Ghighnìs’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghighnès’įį. ʘ^mc

pf with ’u‑ unspecified object. (1s ’unèes’įį, 2s ’unìin‑, 3s ’unìs‑, 1p ’uts’inìs‑, 2p ’unàah‑, 3p ’ughnìs‑) ‑‑‑‑’Unìs’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Unès’įį. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Unèes’įį ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Unìin’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Unìin’įįǫ? ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Uts’inìs’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’inès’įį. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Unàah’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Unàah’įįǫ? ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Ughnìs’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ughnès’įį. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dishìnii khukǫh wuts’eh ’ughnìs’įį.

’uni’į̀į̀hii n.

caus ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ sininh’įįh.

n‑(H‑)’įį v. (mot) [PA *n-l‑’i:ŋ “hide” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑Nuna’įįlh. ‑‑‑‑Lhunts’ina’įįlh.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’ini’įįh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìna’įįh.

mom ‑‑‑‑Sukǫh wududnu’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Muchǫhda mugàh kwundidas’įįlhe. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè ts’idnèh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè yànèh’įį, yànès’įį. ‑‑‑‑Kwunas’įį. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane kwunana’įį. ‑‑‑‑Kwuts’inii’įį. ‑‑‑‑Yìtsè’è nudnèh’įį. For further example(s) of mom see dè’¹ (under kutl’e dè’).

pf with dù# inside. (1s dùnìnis’įį, 2s dùnìniin‑, 3s dùnè‑, 1p dùts’inè‑, 2p dùnìnah‑, 3p daghnè‑) ‑‑‑‑Dùnìnis’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnìniin’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkusk’ehdza dùnìniin’įįa? ‑‑‑‑Dùnè’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùts’inè’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnìnah’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Daghnè’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnunè’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnaghnè’įį. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ nudni’įįh. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila nudni’įįh ’ii tl’ǫh kwununi’įįh. ‑‑‑‑Yànuni’įįh. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ sugàh kwununin’įįh. ʘ^ma

nu#n-H‑’į̀į̀’, nù#n-H‑’į̀į̀’ v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Nudna’į̀į̀lhe. ‑‑‑‑Ya ka nùnoon’į̀į̀’ìì wukayniinzuna?

impf (1s nùnis’į̀į̀’, 2s nùnin‑, 3s nùni‑, 1p nùts’ini‑, 2p nùnah‑, 3p naghni‑) ‑‑‑‑Nuni’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma nuni’į̀į̀’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wits’ììt. Yu’èh nùni’į̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Such’ùnùni’į̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Nùni’įį’ lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka nùni’į̀į̀’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùnin’į̀į̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ nùnin’į̀į̀’. Nesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Naghni’į̀į̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Naghni’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùnis’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùnah’į̀į̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùts’ini’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma

pf (1s nùnas’į̀į̀’, 2s nùniin‑, 3s nùna‑, 1p nùts’ina‑, 2p nùnah‑, 3p naghna‑) ‑‑‑‑Nùna’į̀į̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùna’įį’ lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùnas’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ghǫha nùniin’į̀į̀’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya wǫha nùnah’į̀į̀’a? ʘ^ma

dune nùni’į̀į̀’ii n. ʘ^ma (pl dune nùni’į̀į̀’ne) ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane ’ech’à’ nùnis’į̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Much’ùnayninh’į̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Lhidììhii much’ùnùts’ineh’į̀į̀’.

’įį⁶

dur

’į̀į̀’

’įį

’į̀į̀’

P‑k’i#d‑’įį, P‑ti#d‑’įį v.

P‑k’i#d‑’įį: ‑‑‑‑’Udoo khik’idiin’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’udoo sik’idiin’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane ch’ila khik’ida’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khik’ighdoo’į̀į̀’ììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sǫ ’udoo nik’idoo’į̀į̀’ìì. ʘ^ma

P‑ti#d‑’įį: ‑‑‑‑Sitighdoo’į̀į̀’ noodlii. ʘ^ma

’ii’àtl n. (psd ‑’ii’àdlè’) ‑‑‑‑Si’ii’àdlè’ lhech’il.

’iibazi, ’idniibazii n. (Mustela nivalis or Mustela erminea) ‑‑‑‑’Iibazii suts’ughè’ kaghe lhisutl’a. [PA *lə-wa: “be gray” (L87)]

’Iibazii Ts’elę̀’, ’Idniibazii Ts’elę̀’ pn.

’Iibazii Tsè’, ’Idniibazii Tsè’ pn. ‑‑‑‑’Imbazii tsè’ ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

’iibèh n. (pr ’iibèʹh) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’iibèh ’utune, ’iibèh ’etune ‑‑‑‑’Iibèh ’uwìjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Iibèh wulęde, kǫh ’awts’idèdlàh.

> ’Iibèhawìjàh “June” see under jàh

’iih

> lh‑ ~ lhiih‑ ~ ’iih‑ “each other’s” see under lhiih

’įįh¹

‑’įįh n. ‑‑‑‑ya ’įįha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Alec ’èh kǫh wi’įįh sahkę. ‑‑‑‑Ma ’įįha wus’ǫ̀’a? ‑‑‑‑Ni’įįh sinh’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’įįha sinh’ǫa? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sitsììghedè’ ’įįh sinh’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sutselhè’ joo dùdètǫ ’įįh nudìs’ǫ. For further example(s) of ‑’įįh see ’ą¹ (under mom).

kwus’įįh adv. (pr kwus’įįʹh) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwus’įįh nùni’į̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Kwus’įįh nìniis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ nòòhtèlè’ kwus’įįh ghusyalh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’udoo kwus’įįh suda ’edììh. ʘ^ma

kwus’ii‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑Kwus’iis’ǫ. ʘ^ma

wizįįdzè’ ’įįh pp. ‑‑‑‑Louie la ’wèdè’ wizįįdzè’ ’įįh suda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùsadìì’ǫ dè’, wizįįdzè’ ’įįh ’uts’ootsudzii. [cf. ‑zįįh “shadow”]

> ‑ts’ìs’įįh “near, to the side of” see under ts’ìs’įįh

’įįh²

‑’įįh n. ‑‑‑‑si’įįh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii si’įįh ’inht’ès. ‑‑‑‑Gwa la deyǫ̀’ ni’įįh zèehkhę. ‑‑‑‑Dude woo’įįh ts’eht’ę ’umuse ’èh. ‑‑‑‑Si’įįh lìdii ’unleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma ’įįha tii ’unundleha? ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn dinaghuda tah si’įįh too zul ’unleh. For further examples of ‑’įįh see ’uske; k’àh.

’į̀į̀h¹ learn

dur

’į̀į̀h

’į̀į̀’

’į̀į̀lh

’į̀į̀h

P#oo-d‑H‑’įį v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Ya ’oodin’į̀į̀ha? ‑‑‑‑Yhin ’oodis’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila khǫhdìì kooda’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla k’èbęhii ’ooda’į̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh nùdèlìì kooda’į̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Duzàghè’ kinawda’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suzàghè’ kinawdas’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì koots’ida’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwà’ koodiin’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhiih’èh kaghts’ììhlhahii koots’ida’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla koots’idida’į̀į̀lhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, koots’idoo’į̀į̀hįį. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of P#oo-d‑H‑’įį see guts (under P‑k’à#w-n‑guts).

impf with k‑ areal object of postposition. (1s koodis’į̀į̀h, 2s koodin‑, 3s koodi‑, 1p koots’idi‑, 2p koodah‑, 3p koowoodi‑/koowdi‑) ‑‑‑‑Suzàghè’ koodi’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Muzàghè’ koots’idi’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ koots’idi’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune za zàghè’ woodudèhii koowdi’į̀į̀h.

koodi’į̀į̀hde n. also dune koodi’į̀į̀hde, koodi’į̀į̀hde kǫh. ‑‑‑‑Dune koodi’į̀į̀hde kǫh ’udoo màda wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Jode koodah’į̀į̀hde nukhukǫh lawììht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode koodah’į̀į̀hde lhiihtunahdùlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode koodah’į̀į̀hde lhiihtunahdùlh chilhinaghnahyehii tl’ǫh ʘ^ma

dune koodi’į̀į̀hii n.

caus ‑‑‑‑’Àtsǫǫ la ’utsigǫ̀’ ’us’į̀į̀ kisoodeh’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

’į̀į̀h²

y-d‑’į̀į̀h v. ‑‑‑‑Yits’idi’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

’į̀į̀h³

mom	t’į̀į̀h	t’į̀į̀h	t’į̀į̀lh	t’į̀į̀h
per	(t)’į̀į̀h			(t)’į̀į̀h
cust	’įįh

u#D‑’į̀į̀h v. (mom) u# a default prefix, replaceable by more contentful prefixes, although this verb seems to lack the derivational potential of u#O‑h‑’įį “have, do to, make O”. ‑‑‑‑Lhèhgą̀h ’awdidit’į̀į̀hda zutl ghidii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudii nundehkhùlha ’unuwìt’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

u# replaced ‑‑‑‑Dut’elanut’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nustlwą̀t’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nustlǫ̀ ’ut’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma slow pronunciation. ‑‑‑‑Kuwat’į̀į̀h da la gǫ̀ze mik’inè’ nùstlwą̀t’į̀į̀h ’elhèh. ‑‑‑‑Yunuwìtlichda la shòwanuwìt’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudii nundehkhùlhanuwìt’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma For further examples of u# replaced see gà’ (under d-ìì‑gà’); tun¹ (under dahtunè’).

P‑gha tiiya#w-ìì‑D‑’į̀į̀h v. ‑‑‑‑Watiiyanuwìt’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhèhgą̀h da satiiyanuwìt’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

ka#D‑’į̀į̀h v. ‑‑‑‑Dèkanuwit’į̀į̀ha? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkants’it’į̀į̀ha? ‑‑‑‑Dèsǫ kanaht’į̀į̀hìì ’udoo nukhesdììh. ‑‑‑‑Dèkadiint’į̀į̀lhe? ‑‑‑‑Dèkats’idat’į̀į̀lhe?

‑e#D‑’į̀į̀h v. ‑‑‑‑Yèt’į̀į̀h. Yuk’èhdze’ k’e’it’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

’udoo ‑gàh w‑’į̀į̀h v. ‑‑‑‑Kòòh wuts’eh George ’udoo sugàh wi’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mugàh wits’i’į̀į̀h.

k’ì#’-D‑’į̀į̀h v. (per) inseparable ’‑; ì ‑‑> e before ’. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wesdììh. Ts’ìì’ònè k’ìnaghit’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’e’int’į̀į̀hǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’e’ist’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sòòne k’e’ut’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Delà’ ’èkèh k’e’it’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suduk’èhdzè’ k’e’ist’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Muk’ehdzè’ k’e’ist’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo ’wèdè’ ts’ìì’ònè k’e’int’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’ehdzè’ k’ets’it’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Baba kwune wawute’e woodowa k’ets’it’į̀į̀h da. ‑‑‑‑K’ula dzah k’ewit’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woowǫh k’ula khu’èh dzah k’ewit’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Tse tah wudunè’ la tse tah k’oowit’įįh ’wèdè’.

k’ì#’‑O‑h‑’į̀į̀h v. (per) with nominal object, O can also be marked with ’‑. ‑‑‑‑K’eseh’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wutsį̀į̀’ii k’esigheh’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna Mary ’uwute’e k’e’eh’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane sooteha k’e’inh’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e k’ets’eh’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e k’eyeh’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii kuda ’wèlìì k’ekheh’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

P‑ka k’ì#’‑O‑h‑’į̀į̀h v. k’ì‑’ ‑‑> k’e. ‑‑‑‑Kiiyoohdįįh wuka k’eyeh’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nawdzùdii wuka k’ets’eh’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Kiiyoohdįįh wuka k’e’it’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka k’ets’it’į̀į̀ha? ‑‑‑‑Koowoonhdįįh wuka k’e’int’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

refl ‑‑‑‑Ghìda ka k’edin’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yhììh k’è’oonyà’ii wuka k’edin’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

k’ì#w-D‑’į̀į̀h v. (per) ‑‑‑‑Deèdza k’òòwit’į̀į̀ha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sà’è dǫ̀h dèkunaht’į̀į̀ha? Dewa k’òòwaht’į̀į̀ha? ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii joo deèdza k’òòwaht’į̀į̀ha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìnòòwìì Tse Bùjè’ tah la k’òòwist’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze la dune k’òòwat’įįh lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas gàh k’òòwoost’į̀į̀hii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo ’ìdè’è k’òòwist’į̀į̀hda sawute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza k’oots’oot’į̀į̀ha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è khehdàne ’èh k’oots’oot’į̀į̀hii. ‑‑‑‑Dune k’òòwit’į̀į̀hne k’ìts’ìì’ats. ʘ^ma

> ’įįhnadze “(on) both sides” see under nadze

> ’iihtahii “two and a half” see under tah¹

’iiht’edii adj. (pr ’iiht’eʹdii) ʘ^ma may only be used predicatively (performing action or being in a state while naked). ‑‑‑‑’Iiht’edii k’èdah. ‑‑‑‑Lhìghè’ dune ’iiht’edii k’èbęh. ‑‑‑‑Dzehlada dèkant’a ’iiht’edii? ʘ^ma

> ’įįhtl’oolhè’ “fine babiche” see under tl’oolh

> ’iihts’è’ tadut’e “six” see under t’e²

> ’iihts’ii “wind” see under ts’ii²

> ’iihts’ii dus “whirlwind, tornado” see under duts¹

> ’iihts’ii k’èhdzè’ “with the wind” see under k’èhdzè’

> ’iihts’ii zule “warm wind” see under sul

’iijǫ̀ǫ̀h n. ʘ^ma (Cladina mitis)

’iigholh n. (pr ’iiʹgholh) ʘ^ma (psd ‑’iigholhè’) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’iigholh ’èh kudinghèl. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii Mary mi’iigholhè’ mudowa kùnunlèh.

’iila

ni#n-h‑’iila v. ‑‑‑‑Nits’iniih’iila. ‑‑‑‑Niinh’iila.

Miighe Nooniih’iila(de) pn. [from TsK’]

Miighe Nooniih’iila: ʘ^lt ʘ^lt

Miighe Nooniih’iilade: ʘ^lt

’iiloo

’iiloo, ’įįloo n. (pr iiʹloo, ’įįʹloo) (psd ‑iiloo) [cf. lhoo tun “glacier, ice”]

’iiloo: ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑miiloo ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jìje miiloo zǫh wìlę.

’įįloo: ʘ^mc

’iize n. (pr ’iiʹze) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwa too k’eh ’iize ’uwìjàh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’iize see yìghe (under through (weather)).

’ììze adv. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Skidoo yìdàdze ghutl’elh ’ììze. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didòò kutl’e dǫ̀ ’ak’ǫ̀ nawdàgalhììt’è’ dune natlulh ’ììze. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàhtune nùzèhts’ǫ ’ììze. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè White gàh dzè’ dune ’udìs’òòn ’ììze.

’iits’atl n. (pr ’iits’aʹtl) ʘ^ma (psd ‑’iits’adlè’) ‑‑‑‑si’iits’adlè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Si’iits’adlè’ lhetòn.

> ’iits’ii ba “north wind” see under ba

> ’iits’ii tlujii “blizzard” see under tlujii

’iits’ùt n. (pr ’iits’ùʹt) ʘ^ma (psd ‑’iits’ùdè’) (Jenness entsat “moose-skin breechclout”) ‑‑‑‑De’iits’ùdè’ t’ùnaja.

> ‑’ǫ̀da “over, nearby at location” see under ’òn

> ’ǫ̀dze “over here, from over there” see under ’òn

’Odziinè’ prsn. (Morice Otzenné, Jenness Otzane)

’òn

’ònè dir. ‑‑‑‑yì’ònè ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè nùzut. ‑‑‑‑’Ònè dèhya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula la kwa ’ònè ts’idùs’ats. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè dotiiye nìniiya. ‑‑‑‑Deèdza wits’iih’òna? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑sukǫh ts’iih’ònè ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Linda kǫh ts’iih’ònè ’utune wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukǫh ts’ììh’ònè dintl’à’. For further example(s) of ’ònè see chè’. [PA *’αn’ “off to the side, away” (L89)]

’ònè d‑, ’ònè#d‑ vpf. (s mom) occurs with clf-mot verbs. The difference between the variants is only detectable with vowel syncope (or lack thereof). In the absence of such evidence, this prefix sequence is transcribed ’ònè d‑. For examples for ’ònè d‑, ’ònè#d‑ see dàna; dǫ̀’; dul² (under mom).

’ònè d‑: ‑‑‑‑’Ònè yidùs’ǫ. ʘ^ma

’ònè#d‑: ‑‑‑‑’Òneydèhtl’as. ʘ^ma

P‑gha’ònè p. ‑‑‑‑Wa’ònè’ la ’uwute’e ghighììda. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Yaàno ’udoo yus ’udeh. Yus ts’usdune suchaire’ gha’ònè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma’ònè k’òòwusts’ùts. ʘ^ma

ts’ìì’ònè adv. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè wìsdlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè ’indììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè didooz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè wits’idudèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sughelè’ ts’ìì’ònè ts’ehkìlh. ‑‑‑‑Charlie ts’ìì’ònè mulèè’ nùstlǫ. Jode joo tlįį nùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune ts’ìì’ònanùghidii.

’ǫ̀dze dir. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑yì’ǫ̀dze ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ǫ̀dze ghuyalh. ‑‑‑‑Yah’ǫ̀dze nabęlh. For further examples of ’ǫ̀dze see k’èh (under P‑k’èh¹); t’e¹ (under impf²); tlat (under prog³).

ts’iih’ǫ̀dze adv. ‑‑‑‑Ts’iih’ǫ̀dze lhǫ̀gwadìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ts’iih’ǫ̀dze la sits’oodindèh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ts’iih’ǫ̀dze widudèhii là. ʘ^ma

P‑’ǫ̀dzè’ p. ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs ’ǫ̀dzè’ kaghii’oon. ‑‑‑‑’Ul ’ǫ̀dzè’ nuk’ànustą. ‑‑‑‑Subùt ’ǫ̀dzè’ ’uwut’e. For further example(s) of P‑’ǫ̀dzè’ see tą¹ (under impf).

‑’ǫ̀da dir. ‑‑‑‑yì’ǫ̀da ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yì’ǫ̀da siih’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ǫ̀da kwùdìnhk’ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yah’ǫ̀da ’uskewa ghustę. [PA *’ą’:‑d “off to the side, away (punctual)” (L89)]

‑’ǫ̀da n. ‑‑‑‑Su’ǫ̀da nùdèl.

‑’ǫsdè’ dir. ‑‑‑‑yì’ǫsdè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, yì’ǫsdè’ ts’oohtedzii.

’ǫsdè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Edna ’ǫsdè’ suda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑kǫh wu’ǫsdè’ ‑‑‑‑Du’ǫsdè’ nèynii’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tse ’ǫsdè’ ts’ìdinyah. ‑‑‑‑Wheelchair ’ǫsdè’ siih’ǫ. ʘ^ma

’ǫ̀wìì dir. ‑‑‑‑yì’ǫ̀wìì ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yì’ǫ̀wìì nundzùt. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ǫ̀wìì kinàhtal. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ǫ̀wìì la nisgow nùstlǫ ’elhèh. ʘ^ma

> ’ònè O‑d-h‑ch’il “drag along” see under ch’il

> ’ònè ghidudulhii “garbage” see under dul²

> ‑’èh ts’ìì’ònàa#t’e “be busy with” see under t’e¹

> ‑’ǫsdè’ “on the other side” see under ’òn

’òts

conc

’òts

’òts

’òts

’òts

nu#O‑’òts v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Ts’à’ nu’òts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Diilà’ nu’òts. ‑‑‑‑Nun’òts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nitsìì’ nun’òts. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Su’ejè’ nusu’òts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’à’ nusu’òdzǫ? ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì nusus’òts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’à’ nuts’us’òts. For further example(s) of nu#O‑’òts see t’e¹ (under la#t’e).

refl ‑‑‑‑Too suzulii tah nudin’òts.

opt (1s naws’òts, 2s nawn‑, 3s naw‑, 1p nuts’oo‑, 2p nuwah‑, 3p nawoo‑) ‑‑‑‑Ts’à’ naws’òdzii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’à’ nuts’oo’òdzii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuba nunè’ naw’òdzii. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Dunè’ naw’òdzii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dughunè’ nawoo’òdzii. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niilà’ nawn’òdzììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niwisch’ilè’ nawn’òdzo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii joo nukhiwisch’ilè’ nuwah’òdzo? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

muk’udzè’ nats’u’òdzii n.

madu’òdzii n. ʘ^ma

’òw n. ʘ^ma For example(s) for ’òw see tlat (under cust). [PA *’ʊ’q’(e:) “eddy” (K05)]

> ’ǫ̀wìì “over in general area” see under ’òn

’oo, ’ooh exp.

’oo: ‑‑‑‑’Oo duna le ’ididììt’èh. ʘ^ma

’ooh: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ooh, noodighe la ’ets’idììh. ʘ^ma

’ooh exp. very commonly occurs with lǫ̀’. ‑‑‑‑’Ooh ninii? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ooh ninii lǫ̀’? ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Ooh mant’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ooh Mary joo? ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tii kwudisdii. Shòwast’e. ’Ooh ninii? ‑‑‑‑’Ooh ninii lǫ̀’, ya ’indììha?

’ooh’un, ’ooh’une exp. expression of surprise.

’ooh’un: ‑‑‑‑’Ooh’un, ’uyii k’ànhtą!

’ooh’une: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“’Ooh’une, khidììts’ugh,” ’èhnii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ooh’une tàasusla! ‑‑‑‑’Ooh’une, sinii lhèkwudut’e zǫh sis’òòn nùstlǫ gòòlii. For further examples of ’ooh’une see dòòdii; t’ę̀’ (under u#d-d‑t’ę̀’).

’òòh

lhìghè’ ’òòh adv. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìghè’ ’òòh gwuda ninlèh. ʘ^ma

’oohch’ą̀s n.

’oohch’ą̀s mut’àh sulaii n. [from TsK’?]

> ’oohch’ą̀s tl’oolh “fishing line” see under tl’oolh

’òòhk’èh n. (pr ’òòʹhk’èh) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide la ’òòhk’èh wìlę.

’òòhk’èh adv. ‑‑‑‑’Òòhk’èh kuda dulè’ nùstlǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Òòhk’èh kuda dulè’ nèstlǫ. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Òòhk’èh sustę da sawute’e.

’oohtsuna n. (pr ’oohtsuʹna) ʘ^ma (Falco sparverius)

’òòkhwe adv. (pr ’òòʹkhwe) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Òòkhwe, dèkadiindììlha?

’òòn shoot

mom	’òòn	’òòn	’òòn	’òòn
sem	’òòn	’òòn	’òòn	’òòn

’òòna n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑’òònà’) ‑‑‑‑si’òònà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑ni’òònà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mi’òònà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Di’òònà’ kìihdlat. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna ’òòna sàniitǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune ’òònà’ ts’inìs’įį. ‑‑‑‑Lhèkwudut’e si’òònà’ ghinìs’įį. [compare Kas úunee, ITli ûnà “gun, rifle”, and Tli óonah]

’òòna zǫza n.

’òòna chow n.

’Òòna Twè’ pn. ʘ^ma

’Òòna Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

O‑’òòn v. (succ

sem ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ yìì’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Yidà’òòne. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òò’òònii. ‑‑‑‑Khòò’òònììsį̀į̀. Mitsinlii.

pf (1s sis’òòn, 2s sin‑, 3s si‑, 1p ts’is‑, 2p sah‑, 3p ghis‑) ‑‑‑‑K’ula sis’òòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula sìs’òòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda si’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Ts’is’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Yìs’òòn. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Lhàwìì yìs’òòn.

refl ‑‑‑‑K’ula ’udìs’òòn. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Wis’ąhdze ’udìì’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’unin’òòna? ‑‑‑‑Yayii’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Minììh’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’èha nìnawdin’òòna? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii tsits la ’ìdisįį. Munuyis’òòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tundini’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Tadut’e la k’e’iis’òòn. Nawdàgalhe yìdà’è lhèkwudut’e la k’e’iis’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Tsits k’e’iis’òòn. ʘ^ma For further examples of mom see ku¹ (under succ); ku¹ (under ku#gh-d‑).

> ’òòna lhidubudzii “double-barreled shotgun” see under buts

> ’òòna chinè’ “stock (of gun)” see under chin

> ’òòna zǫǫdlè’ “barrel of gun” see under sǫǫdle

> ’òòna tl’oolh “gun strap” see under tl’oolh

’oos’edò, ’oos’edè’ adv.

’oos’edò: (pr ’oos’eʹdò) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oos’edò gòòlìì ’ididìnt’èh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oos’edò gòòlìì k’e’it’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

’oos’edè’: (pr ’oos’eʹdè’) ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Oos’edè’ wits’oodusdèhìì gòòlii ’udoo sighdììts’ugh. ʘ^em

’oosà’

> oosà’ “pot, bucket, basket” see under oosà’

’òòsbììba n. (pr ’òòsbììbaʹ) ʘ^ma (Aegolius funereus) ‑‑‑‑’Òòsbììba didzììì’ kwundahtelhe. ’Udoo noonyehììsį̀į̀.

’Òòsbììba Ts’elę pn.

’oosch’ąza n. (pr ’oosch’ąʹza) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ ’oosch’ąza si’òònii nùts’idèht’ę. ʘ^ma

> ’oosdą̀jii “pike” see under dą̀ch

’oosdlòzii n. (pr ’oosdlòziiʹ) ʘ^ma variant of toosdlòzii. (Lota lota)

> ’oosdlooza “hide toboggan” see under loos

’oosdzeghe n. (pr ’oosdzeʹghe) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oosdzeghe widitl’ija. ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e ’oosdzeghe sa k’eh nasdalh. For further example(s) of ’oosdzeghe see lǫ̀ (under perfective verb).

> ’oosdzeghe dachowajàh “half-full moon” see under jàh

’òòzęh n. (pr ’òòzęʹh) ʘ^ma (Accipiter striatus)

’òòsgą n. ʘ^ma (dim ’òòsgązii) (Corvus corax or Corvus brachyrhynchos) [from Kas (LL) ásgaa] [cf. ’usgà’ “raven, crow”]

’òòsgą ’ulè’ n. ʘ^ma (Juniperus communis)

> ’òòsgą jìjè’ “juniper” see under jìje

’oosk’ahje n. (pr ’oosk’aʹhje) ʘ^ma (Perisoreus canadensis)

’oosk’ahje chow n. ʘ^ma (Cyanocitta stelleri)

’òòslhą n. (pr ’òòslhąʹ) ʘ^ma (Glaucidium gnoma)

’òòstą n. (pr ’òòstąʹ) ʘ^ma (Marmota caligata or Spermophilus columbianus)

’òòstèl n. (pr ’òòʹstèl) ʘ^ma

’òòst’ę n. (pr ’òòst’ęʹ) ʘ^ma (psd ‑’òòst’ę̀’, dim òòst’ązii) (Martes americana) ‑‑‑‑’Òòst’ę siihdzos. ‑‑‑‑’Òòst’ę k’èh wuk’ànehtą. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’òòst’ę see k’ądza (under d-k’ądza).

’oosts’ų̀hts’e, ’oosts’ų̀sde n. (Glaucomys sabrinus)

’oosts’ų̀sde: (pr ’oosts’ų̀sdeʹ) ʘ^ma

’oosts’ų̀hts’e: (pr ’oosts’ų̀hts’eʹ) ʘ^ma

’oosts’unìi n. (pr ’oosts’unìiʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma (Prosopium coulteri)

’ooshinè’ n. (pr ’ooshiʹnè’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ooshinè’ nasdloos.

’òòt whistle

dur

’òòt

’òòt

’òòt

’òòt

’-d‑(h‑)’òòt v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Udis’òòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udeh’òòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’idiih’òòt.

mu’èh ’uts’ideh’òòdii n.

’òòd-e# inc.

> ’òòd-e#d-D‑ya “walk whistling ” see under ya³

> ’oowookètde (kǫh) “store” see under kèt

’òòya adj. ‑‑‑‑K’ula sąs ’òòya kandiilàh. (Early Travels) ‑‑‑‑’Uduka ’òòya ’udlę. ‑‑‑‑’Uduka ’òòyadlę. ‑‑‑‑’Òòyajàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sut’ah ’òòyajàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ghǫha sut’ah ’òòyajàhii ’èh munè’ dut’elajàh? ‑‑‑‑Ma nut’ah ’òòyajàha?

> (‑t’ah) ’òòya#lę “be shy (of), polite (to)” see under le¹

’u trajectory

’u#d-n‑(D‑) vpf. (s mom) occurs with mot verbs; variant of ’i#d-n‑(D‑). ‑‑‑‑Kwùla khwązii ’udnatlulhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary ’ìtsè’è ’udnèhtlah.

> ’i-d‑n-ghàtl “trip (and fall)” see under khàtl

’ubo’a adj. (pr uboʹ’a)

> ’u-d‑ “oneself, ‑selves” see under d¹

> ’udàdǫ̀h “long ago” see under dǫ̀h

’udama n. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’udama ’inlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula ’udama yizehkhe.

’udatl’ǫ̀’ adv. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Udatl’ǫ̀’ ’ide shòwa suda. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Udatl’ǫ̀’ gwuda ’usanii kooht’e. ʘ^em

’udèk’ii n. (pr ’udèk’iiʹ) ʘ^mc ʘ^ma [from TsK’] [compare Wit dek’a]

’udèstl’ùs n. ʘ^ma [from McL]

’udinììswązii n. ʘ^mc variant of ’udììswązii.

’ùdii’, ’ùdzii’ exp. expression of fear.

’ùdii’: ʘ^ma ’ùdii’ especially used by men.

’ùdzii’: ʘ^ma ’ùdzii’ especially used by women.

> ’udiidòòwè “no” see under dòòwè¹

’udììsǫǫ n. [cf. ’usǫǫ “mother-in-law” (voc)]

> ’udììsǫǫ “female marmot, groundhog” see under ’udììsǫǫ

’udììswązii n. variant of ’udinììswązii. [from mainly TsK’; “Daddy call it ’udììswązii.” MA] [cf. ’udììsǫǫ “female marmot, groundhog”]

> ’udììtl’ǫh “fall, autumn” see under tl’ǫh

’udoo adv. (pr ’udooʹ) ʘ^mc ʘ^ma ʘ^ei variant of ’idoo. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dèdooht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kweyah. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nuzàghè’ widusdèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo shòwats’iiht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kǫh t’àhdze wukayniizun. Tazowe ka’ììhlhah. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kǫh t’àhdze ka’ììhlhah. Ma tiiyawììht’e. ʘ^ma

> ’udoo ‑gàh w‑’į̀į̀h “not visit” see under ’į̀į̀h³

> ’udoo dèda “nothing, anything” see under dèda

> P‑i-doo-nu#D-dììh “forget P” see under dìì’³

> ’udoo sàdǫ̀h “not long ago” see under dǫ̀h

> ’udoo màda “no one, anyone” see under ma¹

> ’udoo ywàwììht’e “unable, cannot” see under t’e¹

> ’udoo yèda “nothing, anything” see under yèda

> ’udoo kù#D-yììh “not say a thing” see under yììh³

> ’udu- “oneself, ‑selves” see under d¹

’uji

> ’uji#d-ya/’ats/detl “sg./du./pl. go hunt” see under ya³

’ujide n.

> ’ujide t’òjè’ “milk” see under t’òch

> ’Ukà’ii “Akie R.” see under ka³

> ’ukelhun “thick babiche” see under lhun

’ùkoo det. (pr ’ùkooʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’ùkoo dune ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo sąs muzedzè’ teh’ine. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo tlįį dùdètǫ gàh ghuskę. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo tsatsònè’ kunachow kwùla k’ègeh.

’ùkwune det. (pr ’ùkwuneʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune ’ìdighè k’ìghut’às. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune ’uyii dune ghidiyììh.

kwune n. (pr kwuneʹ) noun plural; requires preceding nominal argument. ‑‑‑‑Ma kwuna ghiiht’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudèdzè’ kwune dinyììh. ‑‑‑‑Ma kwune ’èha nudoonjà’a? ʘ^ma

’ukǫ̀ǫ̀hje n. (pr ’ukǫ̀ǫ̀hjeʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

’ukǫ̀ǫ̀hje tii n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ukǫ̀ǫ̀hje tii màyniinhtę.

> ’uk’eloo “trail in snow” see under lhoo

’ul n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑’ulè’) ‑‑‑‑mu’ulè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑su’ulè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’oostsęhe ’ulè’ ninlèh. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’ul nàghudah. ’Iihts’ii nayghehdah. ʘ^ma [PA *’əɬ “conifer needle” (L87)]

’ùlh

dur

’ùlh

’ùlh

’ùlh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑’ùlhè’) ‑‑‑‑mu’ùlhè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’elę gàh ’ùlh ’uts’oolehii. ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ du’ùlhè’ gha’ììhlhah. [PA *’ə’tl’ “beaver dam” (K05)]

da#O‑d-n‑’ùlh v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ mun dadnii’ùlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mun dats’idnii’ùlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’elę dats’idnoo’ùlhii. ʘ^ma

> ’ulà’ “boat, dugout” see under là’

’ùlìgoo’ exp. expression of fear.

’umà’ adv. (pr ’umàʹ’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umà’ yèhnii. ‑‑‑‑“Widoondèhii.” “’Umà’, ’udoo widoosdèhìì wukaynuszun.” ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune ’umà’ wìdoonìì’. ’Umà’ wìdoonìì’ìì t’è’.

kwùla ’umà’ adv. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’umà’, khǫhdìì dats’inùsdǫ. ʘ^ma

> ’uma#O‑h‑’įį “get rid of, throw away, abandon O” see under ’įį³

> ’uma#jàh “be gone, gotten rid of” see under jàh

> ’uma#O‑làh “abandon, get rid of, throw away O” see under làh

> ’umà’ d-nii “quit, call it quits” see under nii¹

> ’umawii “woman, wife, girlfriend” see under ma²

’un

cont

’un

.

O‑n‑’un v. (cont) This verb has no perfective, future, or optative forms. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį nùnin’un. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį ts’ìì’ònè ’uni’į̀į̀h. Lhadzè’ nùnin’un. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii nulèè’ nun’un.

’ùnee, ’ùnee’ adv. (pr ’ùneeʹ’)

’ùnee: ʘ^mc

’ùnee’: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùnee’, sàdinhdeh. ʘ^ma

’unh, ’un n. (dim ’una, pl ’une kwune) ʘ^ma (pl ’una kwune) ʘ^ma

’unh: ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Unh, ’uyii sidowanleh. ‑‑‑‑’Unh, ’uyii sùn’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Unh, didii k’ànhtą. Didii nudowa nidìs’ǫ. ʘ^ma

’un: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Un, gwudze. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Una nèhtsun.

’Una Munè’ pn.

pl ‑‑‑‑’Une kwune, gwudze. Sugàh dàahts’ii. ʘ^ma

’ùno’ adv. (pr ’ùnoʹ’) ʘ^ma ’ùnò’ also attested. ‑‑‑‑’Ùno’, mu’ędasjàh. ‑‑‑‑’Uno’, Edna ’ędasjàh. For further example(s) of ’ùno’ see lhòda (under h-lhòda).

’ùnò’k’àh n. expression of sympathy. For example(s) for ’ùnò’k’àh see yheh (under wooyǫ̀’).

’usanii adv. (pr ’usaʹnii) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Usanii nudùsja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’usanii suda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usanii tazowe kinètal. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usanii wudunè’ ’uslę. ‑‑‑‑’Usanii zǫh wukayniizun. ‑‑‑‑Dune mugàh dèhts’ii. ’Udoo ’usanii suda. ‑‑‑‑Dune ch’ila su’èh k’indah. Lhatahda ’usanii wuts’usdune. Su’èh k’indah. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’usanii see t’e¹ (under ku#t’e).

’usanii su’ǫ n. ʘ^ma

Tse ’Usanii Su’ǫ pn.

> ’usanii ’-d‑H-da “sg./du. keep to oneself” see under da³

’usba n. (pr ’uʹsba) ʘ^ma (dim ’usbazii) ʘ^ma (Oreamnos americanus) [PA *lə-wa: “be gray” (L87)]

’Usba Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

’Usba Ts’elę̀’ pn.

’Usba tawut’ę prsn. (Jenness esbaataotenne “Kaska of Lower Post”) [< ’usba tah wut’ę]

’usbìì, ’usbìì’

’Usbìì, ’Usbìì’ Gàh pn.

’Usbìì: ʘ^lt ʘ^lt

’Usbìì’ Gàh: ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

> ’usda gędè’ “hard, solid ground” see under gędè

’usdęhdzè’ adv. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Usdęhdzè’ ’ide suda. ‑‑‑‑Kuda ’usdęhdzè’ la gwuda ’utsuts. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tsà’ dusuda mits’èesyalhii gòòlii ’usdęhdzè’ ’utsuts.

’usdii adj. (pr ’uʹsdii) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usdii wisch’ilè’ mina’ahtl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ‑‑‑‑Louie lhìghè’ kuda zèhkhę gòòlii kwùjoo ’usdii lhìghè’ kayniizun. ‑‑‑‑’Usdii tlįį nayghìì’àtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usdii ts’àle sàntį̀į̀h. Didii nitsį̀į̀’.

dune ’usdiine n. ‑‑‑‑Dune ’usdiine ’uslę.

’usdiida, ’usdįįdzè’ n.

’usdiida: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii nuyèlhè’ ’usdiida nun’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

’usdįįdzè’: ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Usdįįdzè’ dune looht’e. ʘ^em

’usdòòwìì adv. ‑‑‑‑’Usdòòwìì widudèh. ‑‑‑‑’Usdòòwìì kesidiinhdįįlhe. ’Ide la wukaynuszų.

> P‑gha ’usdii ‑le “bother P” see under le¹

’usgà’ n. (pr ’usgàʹ’) ʘ^ma (dim usgàazii) (Corvus corax or Corvus brachyrhynchos) ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ jode ’usgà’ nùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’usgà’ ’èht’e. ʘ^ma [from TsK’/McL] [cf. Kw ’òòsgą “raven, American crow”]

> ’usgà’ jìjè’ “juniper” see under jìje

> ’usgoo “worm, caterpillar” see under goo

’uske n. (pr ’uskeʹ) ʘ^ma (pl ’uskewa) no possessed form. ‑‑‑‑’Uske, si’įįh ’ujidinyah. [PA *š(ə)‑qe: “child” (L87)] [cf. ‑eskèghe “children”, also from this PA root]

’uska n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’uska zǫza

’usk’ookàn n. (pr ’usk’ookàʹn) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc [from Kas (LL, L) esgukáan] [compare ITli Gus’k’ìkhwân “white, European, Caucasian (man or person)”]

’Usk’ookàn Tsè’ pn. ʘ^ma

’ut

mom	’ut	’ut	’ut	’ut
per	’uch	’uch	’uch	’uch
cust	’uch

O‑’ut v. [PA *’αx̣ “move fabric abruptly; untie” (L87)]

mom ‑‑‑‑Nìis’ut. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Lhìyii’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tl’oolh lhìniis’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tl’oolh lhìnaghii’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’eh toodidas’ude.

cust ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ muts’ùdè’ mits’indus’uch.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìya’uch. ʘ^ma

nu#O‑’ut v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Nun’ut. ‑‑‑‑Niis’ut. ‑‑‑‑Sukè’ nusu’ut. ‑‑‑‑Nudas’ude. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’èh naws’udii.

’utast’à’, ’utoost’à’ n. (Glaucomys sabrinus)

’utast’à’: (pr ’utast’àʹ’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utast’à’ kooyè k’ìnitlich.

’utaàdii n. (pr ’utaàdiiʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^ei

’ut’en n. (psd ‑et’enè’) ‑‑‑‑dune ’et’enè’ ‑‑‑‑’Ut’en sàn’ą̀h. [from Car ut’en]

’ut’usda n. (pr ’ut’uʹsda) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (Junco hyemalis)

’utl

tsìì’utl n. (pr tsìì’uʹtl) ʘ^ma (psd ‑tsìì’udlè’)

’utsiik’è’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma inseparable ’u. (Bucephala islandica) ‑‑‑‑’Utsiik’è’ looht’e. Tsits ch’ila nitsį̀į̀’. Muts’usdune. Tekwune. ʘ^ma [< ’u‑ unsp.psr + tsii “head” + k’è’ “?”] [compare ITli atsik’íye (AT), etsik’íye’ (C)]

> ’utsiisbèla “bearpaw snowshoe” see under bèla

> ’utsiisudla “low-bush blueberry” see under tsìtl

> ’utsoosbèla “bearpaw snowshoe” see under bèla

’uts’èesę n. ʘ^ma (Abies lasiocarpa or Abies balsamea)

’uts’idòòhts’e n. (pr ’uts’idòòhts’eʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uts’idòòhts’e ghàdèsziit. [< likely originally a deverbal noun but the verb no longer used]

’uwootà’ n. (pr ’uwooʹtà’) ʘ^ma [cf. tà’ “male”]

’uyii det. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii mits’esyalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii la ’ììhchòòt, nukǫh wuts’eh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uyii ts’è’ ’uwidintsùn. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dudeh’ą. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii la sudowa ke ’ulàh. ʘ^ma [cf. y‑ “him, her, it”, ii² 3sg rel/det]

’uyò’ exp. ʘ^ma expression of pain. ‑‑‑‑’Uyò’ lhadzè’. ʘ^ma

’uyuhoh exp. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“’Uyuhoh, siighǫ̀’ lhìinhgwutl,” sèhnii.

’wèdè’ adv. (pr ’wèʹdè’) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàghusdah ’wèdè’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ dìmos dzenii ’udoo ka’ìslhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’udoo ’wèdè’ ka’ììhlhah. Lhatahda zǫh ka’ììhlhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’wèdè’ Andreas k’ànustą. ʘ^ma

’wèlìì adv. (pr ’wèʹlìì) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wèlìì ladinii. Nesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wèlìì lasinh’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’wèlìì layeh’įį. Dudastǫhda layììlàh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’wèlìì see lah³ (under wulahne).

A

a

‑a wh. wh‑ question suffix; not obligatory but very common in wh‑ questions as suffix to postposition, noun and/or verb. Stem-final or suffixal vowels, especially e or ii, are often deleted before this suffix. Stem-final a + suffixal ‑a is aa or a.

suffix to postposition: ‑‑‑‑ya t’àhà? Sdoh t’àts’iila ‑‑‑‑Dedzii wuts’eha kìiyà? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of suffix to postposition see dishìnii (under Dishìnii).

suffix to noun: ‑‑‑‑ma kwuna? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya k’èha wuk’ànehtą? ʘ^ma

suffix to noun and verb: ‑‑‑‑Ya k’èha wuk’ànehtąa? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

suffix to verb: ‑‑‑‑Dèkaht’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkwudindiia? ‑‑‑‑Dèkwudinda? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma twè’ ’ooht’ea? ‑‑‑‑Deèdza k’èdaha?

suffix to verb, replacing root-final or suffixal vowel: ‑‑‑‑Ma yiih’ą? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dè’ìghida? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka mu’èh doonyà’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkaht’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niizìì’ dè’òòya? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya dèkunh’ą? ʘ^ma

‑a¹ exc. exclamation suffix; affixed to verb. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii dachow jode lhiinhtelha! ‑‑‑‑Kuda dachow zìinhkhą! ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane datsìdla ’ooht’a! For further examples of ‑a¹ see lii¹ (under impf); tsį̀į̀’ (under impf); tsùn¹ (under P#w-d‑tsùn); ya¹ (under ya); ya¹ (under ya ’èh); ya¹ (under ya ’èh).

> yehzuda “how fast, quickly” see under yehzuda

a¹, azii

‑a, ‑azii nsf. diminutive suffix; ‑a after consonants, ‑azii after vowels; also attested as adverb suffix. For examples for ‑a, ‑azii see iidìì’ (under P‑oo#O‑d-dii); kalh (under ‑kalh); le¹ (under P#oo-n‑lę). [cf. duyazii “female game animal and offspring”]

‑a¹ vsf. diminutive suffix. For example(s) for ‑a¹ see dzuz (under ti#n-h‑dzuz).

> ’udììswązii “spider” see under ’udììswązii

> ’uska “boy” see under ’uske

> ‑chowa “be small, little” see under chow¹

> ts’-h‑dòna “be lightweight” see under dòn

> du#h-dòna “float” see under dòn

> dlwązii “baby mouse” see under dlwązii

> Dzèzǫha see under dzèzǫh

> ni#d-n‑gada “be layered” see under gat²

> d-h‑gwuna “sg. is skinny, thin” see under gwun²

> d-h‑gwùda “be bald, clear” see under gwùt¹

> mudè’ dunùsukalha “three-year-old bull moose” see under kalh

> kǫha “shed, enclosed porch” see under kǫh

> kwązii “close by, soon” see under kwązii

> khwązii “close by, soon” see under khwązii

> ke tl’ah mazii “bufflehead” see under mazii

> nù#d-zowa “snow lightly” see under zow¹

> ’ut’wą̀ązii “flower” see under t’ǫ̀’

> tselha “hatchet” see under tselh

> dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza wùstsudza “American kestrel” see under tsuts²

àde

‑àde n. ‑‑‑‑sàde ʘ^ma (saade “my older sister, my older cousin” (Jenness)) [cf. ‑dade “older sister”] [PA *a:d-e: “older sister” (L05)]

ah

ah‑ vpf. verbal subject prefix. ‑‑‑‑’Ahtsugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kidoonahdìì’ǫ?

aze

‑aze n. used with first person possessors only. (sazi “my sister’s son, my sister’s daughter” (man speaking) (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑Dòòne la saze kwune laghiiht’e. [PA *‑a:zh-e: “cross nephew, niece” KL]

B

ba

‑ba n. (voc baba) ʘ^ma (dim ‑bazii, pl ‑bake) (abba “my father” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑nuba ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑baba zàghè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Baba didììh. ‑‑‑‑Nukhuba ’àht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duba ’èht’e. Miidìì’ wìlę.

’Uba Dzenèes n.

lhiihbake, lhiihba kwune n.

lhiihba kwune: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhiihba kwune k’ìghut’às.

lhiihbake: ‑‑‑‑lhiihbake wuts’è’ nidòòwède ‑‑‑‑’įįhbake wuts’è’ nujòòwède ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

‑ba kwune n. ‑‑‑‑wooba kwune ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wooba kwune dèkaghììht’ea? ʘ^ma

’iits’ii ba, ’its’ii ba n. ‑‑‑‑’Its’ii ba dìsts’ii. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’iits’ii ba, ’its’ii ba see nò (under ‑nò).

Ba cha, Ye cha, Ndonii cha, beze bindonii exp. ʘ^em the sign of the cross. [from Car ‑ba “father”, ‑ye’ “man’s son”, ‑cha “be big”, b‑ 3 psr.] [compare Car ndodune “male saint”, ndohone “amen”, ‑oozi’ “name” (psd.)]

neba yak’esinda exp. (Lord’s prayer) [from Car]

> ’iits’ii ba yusè’ “snow driven by the north wind” see under yus

bà’¹

dahbà’ n. ʘ^ma (Vaccinium ovalifolium) [PA *lə-wa: “be gray” (L87)]

bà’²

O‑bà’ v.

dusdlęha yubà’ii n.

ba’a

d-ba’a v. ‑‑‑‑Duba’a. ʘ^ma ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Chuba duba’a. ‑‑‑‑Nudàà’ duba’a. ‑‑‑‑Ya t’ah widuba’a ’ide gòòlii sòònèst’ę̀ ’usinlàh. [PA *lə-wa: “be gray” (L87)]

nu#w-d‑ìì‑ba’a v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Nawdàba’a. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nawdàba’a dè’ Fort Grahame dzè’ kints’idììt’ats. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla kìnawdnàba’a. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of prog see dà’² (under ‑dàdze).

bàbììsa n. (pr bàbììsaʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Bàbììsa sitsìì’ kaghe k’ìnutlich. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Bàbììsa gwùndàn tsònè’ ’utsuts. ʘ^ma

kutl’e wubàbiisà’ n. ʘ^ma

> bàbììsa yutsudzii “bluebell” see under tsuts²

bàdal n. ‑‑‑‑Bàdal sàn’ą̀h. [from Fr médaille]

Baga

Baga Kǫh pn. ʘ^lt [from Eng Buchanan]

bàh²

mom

bàh

bàh

bàlh

bàh

‑bàh v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Ts’idùsbàh. ‑‑‑‑Ghidabàlhe. ʘ^ma

bàhii n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khuka bàhii ’awdadììlhe. Khuka bàhii dadùlhe. ‑‑‑‑Bàhii khik’ii’èhdetl.

bàhii n. ‑‑‑‑’Òòst’ę mubàhii wìlę.

bàhii adj. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ la bàhii ’ulę.

bàt n. ʘ^mc (psd ‑bàdè’, dim ‑bàda) ‑‑‑‑subàdè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑kuda zùs bàt muk’àwdnùskǫ̀za ‑‑‑‑Mubàda ’ute’e. ʘ^ma [PA *wa:t’ “sleeve” (KL)]

labàt n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (psd ‑labàdè’) ‑‑‑‑sulabàdè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulabàdè’ sànlèh. ‑‑‑‑Khuda zùs labàt looht’e. ʘ^ei

baya

d-baya v. ‑‑‑‑Su’ejè’ dubaya. ʘ^ma

dubayii n.

bę swim

mom	bę̀h	bę	bęlh	bę̀h
per	bęh	bęh	bęlh	bęh
prog	bęlh

‑bę v. (mot) [PA *we:‑ŋ “swim” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑Ghubęlh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of prog see nòn² (under ‑nòdze).

mom ‑‑‑‑Yìnònè yàsubę. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla dùsbę. ‑‑‑‑Yìnònè ts’idùsbę. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ yànubęh.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’idabęlhe. ʘ^ma

bę̀’

conc

bę̀’

bę̀’

bę̀’

bę̀’

O‑n-bę̀’ v. (conv conc) ‑‑‑‑’Unubę̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, ’uninbę̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jìje chow nèesbę̀’. ‑‑‑‑Jìje ’its’inììbę̀’. ‑‑‑‑Màsiloo dinasbę̀’e. [PA *u:‑n-he:, *we: “pick berries” (L87)]

opt with ’u‑ unspecified object. (1s ’unoosbę̀’ii, 2s ’unoon‑, 3s ’unoo‑, 1p ’uts’inoo‑, 2p ’unwah‑, 3p ’ughnoo‑) ‑‑‑‑’Unoosbę̀’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Unoonbę̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Unoobę̀’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’inoobę̀’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Unwahbę̀’o? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ughnoobę̀’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dahch’ohè’ ts’inoobę̀’ii.

’unubę̀’de n.

bèdza

d-bèdza v. ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ dubèdza.

bèdze

‑bèdze n. (voc ’ubèdze) (abedze “my paternal aunt” (Jenness)) [PA *we:‑ts^r’e’ “mother-in-law, paternal aunt” (KL)]

beh

behchinè’ n. (pr behchiʹnè’) ʘ^ma (psd ‑behchinè’) For example(s) for behchinè’ see kì (under clf-mot). [< bes “metal” + ‑chinè’ “handle”(?)]

> behkhàs “crooked knife, “stick knife”” see under khàs

bèla

’ah bèla n. (pr ’ah bèlaʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Mary ’ah bèla ’udèt’ę.

’utsiisbèla n. ʘ^ma

’utsoosbèla n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsoosbèla ’èh k’èsdah. ʘ^ma

bes n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑besè’) ‑‑‑‑mubesè ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mubesè’ k’ula ’ute’e. Muk’awdènii. ʘ^ma [PA *we:š/s^r “metal, knife” (L87)]

bes chow n.

’uzùs bes n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo la ’umawii ’uzùs bes ghighdèt’ę. ʘ^ma

> bes kwùnìì’ą “thumb-shaped knife, crooked knife, “green river”” see under ’ą²

> bes tę̀’ “bow” see under tę̀’

> bes tùs “spear” see under tùs¹

> bes t’ǫǫdza “table knife” see under t’ǫǫts

> bes tsudla “pocket knife, small folding knife” see under tsìtl

besdun n. (pr besduʹn) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (psd ‑besdunè’) ‑‑‑‑Kuda besdunè’ looht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑School la tsà’ besdunè’ wìlę. ʘ^ma

besk’a n. (pr besk’aʹ) ʘ^ma (Larus) ‑‑‑‑Besk’a too gàh k’ànustą. [PA *we:ǰ “gull” (KL)]

bets boil

conc	bets	bets	bets	bets
mom	bets	bets	bets	.

‑bets v. (conv conc) ‑‑‑‑Too ’ubets. ‑‑‑‑Subets. [PA *we:dz^r “boil” (L87)]

caus ‑‑‑‑’Inhbets. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Ts’ehbets. ‑‑‑‑Too sinhbedzǫ?

refl ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo, ’utsùn dinbets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didiinbedzo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ǫ, khǫhdìì dèesbets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dinbùt dè’, ’utsùn dinbets. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’udèesbets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì supanè’ ’èh ’utsùn ts’idèhbets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn didasbedze. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii ’uyii didasbedze. ʘ^ma

ti#O‑(n‑)bets v. (n mom) n‑ in impf, pf; not in fut. ‑‑‑‑Kuda dzehts’ę̀’ tininhbets.

refl ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn tidnusbets. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’utsùn tidn`nesbets. ʘ<sup>ma</sup> ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì tidn`nesbets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn tididasbedze. ʘ^ma

ku#gh-d‑n-bets v. (conv mom) ‑‑‑‑Too kaghdnùsbets. ’Uyii diinbedzii mutwè’ kaghdnùsbets.

bììch

mom	bììch	bììch	bììch	bììch
neu	bììch			.

O‑h-bììch v. (succ mom) ‑‑‑‑Naydèhbììch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sagành’į̀į̀h. Nàdiinhbììch. ‑‑‑‑Dichin ’èh yukaniihbììch. ‑‑‑‑Lhìihbììch. ‑‑‑‑Nitsoodnasbììje. ‑‑‑‑Yukaniihbììjidii.

’ah bììja n. (pr ’ah bììjaʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Ah bììja ’uts’idoodlèhii.

‑bììjidii v. (pos neu) ‑‑‑‑Sibììjidii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide sibììjidii.

caus ‑‑‑‑Sik’ìdìnhbììjidii.

bììdii n. ʘ^ma (Salvelinus namaycush) ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è mun k’eh bììdii tùsusla. ʘ^ma

sąs bììdii n. ʘ^ma (Contopus sordidulus)

bììhdòòtl n. (pr bììʹhdòòtl) ʘ^ma (psd ‑bììhdòòdlè’) ‑‑‑‑diih bììhdòòtl ʘ^ma

biije

tse biije n. (pr biiʹje) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse biije k’eh k’èsdah. ʘ^ma [< tse “mountain” + ?]

biilh¹ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑biilhè’) ‑‑‑‑mibiilhè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Chǫ ’ut’e da, biilh ’useh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Biilh ’uyeh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo biilh ’useh’įį. ‑‑‑‑K’ula mibiilhè’ wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Khudii biilh ’uneh’įįa? ‑‑‑‑Biilh ’uyììlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Biilh yizidahkhèlhe ’udoo shòwà’ sutę ghǫh. ‑‑‑‑Biilh ch’ila ’èh sustę da la ’udoo shòwà’ sustę. ʘ^ma [PA *wəɬ “sleep” (K05)]

> mibiilhè’ ka “sleepy-head” see under ka¹

biilh²

P‑e#d-n‑h-biilh v. ‑‑‑‑Yednehbiilh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mets’idnehbiilh. ‑‑‑‑Medninhbiilh. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane ’edninhbiilh. ‑‑‑‑’Àtsǫǫ sednehbiilh. [PA *wa’:l “hang, move suspended, swing” (L87)]

ts’ebiilhè’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane muts’ebiilhè’ k’ìnanhtèh.

biit

dur

biit

biit

biit

biit

‑biit v. (oper dur) ‑‑‑‑’Ubiit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Diih ’ubiidii dìsts’ugh. ‑‑‑‑’Abiit lǫ̀.

diih biide n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (Bonasa umbellus) ‑‑‑‑Diih biide ’ubiit. ‑‑‑‑Diih biide ka nùts’oodzùdii.

bokh, bogh

mom

bogh

bogh

bogh

bogh

bokh ono. ‑‑‑‑Bokh dèjàh. For further example(s) of bokh see nuso (under mot).

D-bogh v. (succ mom) ‑‑‑‑Muk’oowùsbogh. ‑‑‑‑Wuk’idììts’udii ’èh mitsìì’ k’oowùsbogh. ‑‑‑‑Dichin lhik’ebogh, lhebogh. ‑‑‑‑Tola k’oowùsbogh.

caus ‑‑‑‑Mik’oowìnhbogh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse chow k’oowììhbogh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mik’oots’ììhbogh. ‑‑‑‑Balloon k’oowììhbogh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mik’oots’òòhbowii. ʘ^ma

bòòsa n. (pr bòòsaʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (psd ‑bòòsa, ‑bòòsà’) ‑‑‑‑nibòòsà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Bibòòsa k’ègwuch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dǫ̀h bòòsa sàghehtęii gòòlii “’umà’” wìdisįį. [from CJ puss-puss (Hibben)]

Bòòsa Tudèhgèt pn. TsK’ pronunciation.

bòòsa chow n. (Felis concolor)

bùch

P‑e#d-ìì‑bùch v. (descr) ‑‑‑‑Medììbùch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wutl’ùs ’èh medììbùch. ‑‑‑‑Louie ’udoo ’utsudzii ’èh medììbùch. Dubùdii ’èh medììbùch. ʘ^ma

Tse Bùjè’ pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^lt ‑‑‑‑Tse bùjè’ ’ìnòwè nii’ą.

buda n. (pr buʹda) ʘ^ma [from Eng]

bus n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (dim busa) ‑‑‑‑Bus dàde ’udoo k’indah. [PA *wəs “riverbank” (KL)]

Busa Gàh pn. ʘ^ma

Bus Chow pn.

bùsda

ni#d-n‑bùsda v. ‑‑‑‑Dèkusk’ehdza? Nidnabùsda?

bùt

‑bùt n. ‑‑‑‑mubùt ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Subùt didììh. ‑‑‑‑Mubùt danùsdǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nubùt nùzuts’un? ‑‑‑‑Dubùdii ’èh ’utsugh. ‑‑‑‑’Ii la kwùdii yubùt wawdìs’òònii lat’e. [PA *wə’t’ “belly” (KL)]

‑bùt chow n. ‑‑‑‑Mubùt chow ’usanii nìniis’ǫ.

bùdii n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (psd ‑bùdè’) ‑‑‑‑Bùdii nidìsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Bùdii nits’ididàlelhe. ‑‑‑‑Tahsįįhe la bùdii ’ute’e.

wudzįįh bùdè’ n. ʘ^ma (Cladina mitis)

d-bùt v. (descr) ‑‑‑‑Dusbùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dinbùdǫ? ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dubùt. ʘ^ma ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ dusbùt. ‑‑‑‑Ts’idubùt.

d-n‑ìì‑bùt v. ‑‑‑‑Edna dinììbùt. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Dinìsbùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dinììsbùt. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Lhonè’ dinìsbùt. ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo dinììbùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’idnììbùt. ‑‑‑‑Edna dinàbùde. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Edna dinòòbùdii. ʘ^ei

> ’ubùt nudèza “abomasum, fourth stomach in moose” see under dèz

> ’ubùt nidnagada “omasum, third stomach in moose” see under gat²

> tlįį bùt tl’oolh “dog stomach strap” see under tl’oolh

buts stretch

conc

buts

buts

buts

buts

O‑buts v. (conv conc) ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ zùs ’inbuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs ts’usbuts. ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs ts’oobudzii. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei [PA *‑wəǰ “stretch (esp. a skin), spread out, be wide” (L87)]

d-budzidii v. (descr) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii yhììh kadabudzidii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune kadabudzidii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uzùs kit’udììhtl’ǫǫ kadabudzidii.

lhi#n-ìì‑buts v. (descr) ‑‑‑‑Lhinììbudzànleh.

’òòna lhidubudzii n. ʘ^ma

CH

cha

‑cha n. (voc usha) (asa “my grandchild”, setcha “my daughter-in-law” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑’uyii sucha ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mucha tii yàniikǫ. ‑‑‑‑Sucha kwune wook’ìts’isdlii. ʘ^ma [PA *ča’:ye: “woman’s grandchild” (K05)]

chà’

n-chà’ v. ‑‑‑‑Mukè’ nuchà’.

winuchà’ii adv. ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ winuchà’ii k’ìts’isdlii. [< TsK’ winuchà’ “it’s big” + ‑ii rel. (“that which is big”)]

P#d-h‑chà’ v. ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ dinhchà’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sucha duschà’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè yidiihchà’ii ’èh nitsį̀į̀’ayììlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghighdiihchà’. ‑‑‑‑Mits’idììhchà’. ‑‑‑‑Mighdììhchà’ ‑‑‑‑Dutwè’ dììhchà’. ‑‑‑‑Dune tii ts’idììhchà’.

chaba n. ʘ^ma (pr chaʹba) (dim chabazii) (Salvelinus confluentus or Salvelinus fontinalis) ‑‑‑‑Chaba chow tùsiihtę. ʘ^ma

Chaba Munè’ pn.

chą̀jè’

’uk’ahchą̀jè’ n. (pr ’uk’ahchą̀ʹjè’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uk’ahchą̀jè’ ’èh ’utsigǫ̀’ ’ustsuts. [< ’u‑ “something’s” + k’a “fat” + h + chą̀jè’ “?”]

che, chę

‑chę̀’ n. (dim ‑chą̀ązii) ‑‑‑‑lhoowe chę̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nòòshdą la muchę̀’ dagwùda. ‑‑‑‑Sigwùndànè’ muchę̀’ wìlę. [PA *k^ye’ “tail” (K05)]

‑chè’ ts’unè’ n.

’ah chę̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑Su’ah muchę̀’ lhetòn.

sòògak chę̀’ n. ʘ^ma (Lysichitum americanum)

> P‑e-che#gh-n‑h-diih “mix P by hand, knead P” see under dìì’¹

chè’ exp. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Chè’. ’Ònèsgòòh sintę. ‑‑‑‑Chè’, gwudze ’utsùn kùdahdèl. For further example(s) of chè’ see dù¹ (under clf-mot).

chę̀’ base [cf. ‑chinè’]

‑lachę̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑sulachę̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàats’ut ’ii tl’ǫh dulachę̀’ lhìiyìts.

‑lachę̀’ sulaii n. ‑‑‑‑Sulachę̀’ ghǫh sulaii sùnlèh.

‑kechę̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑Sukechę̀’ tàada. ‑‑‑‑Dukechę̀’ lhìiyìts.

> ‑goochę̀’ “scapula, shoulder blade” see under goochę̀’

> chedidughula “dragonfly, helicopter” see under khul²

cheh

‑cheh n. ‑‑‑‑’Ide too cheh de la kǫh dowa ’uwute’e.

Kehsùs Cheh pn.

tahcheh n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too Duk’ądza tahcheh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tahcheh la tahcheh wìlę. For further example(s) of tahcheh see dà’² (under ‑dàde).

Tahcheh pn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sà’è dǫ̀h ’iibèh jo Tahcheh lhunts’adùlhii kinasdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Tahcheh Tse Tah wudunè’ laghiiht’e.

> Gah Tahii Tahcheh “Gataga Forks” see under gah

chèh exp. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Chèh. ’Udìnts’ugh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

chel

‑chelè’ n. ‑‑‑‑muchelè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ muchelè’ wìlę. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii muchelè’ lhetòn. ‑‑‑‑’Ii ts’àwèt chelè’ sùntį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

chi¹

chi#gh-n‑ vpf. (s mom) often occurs with nu‑ iterative. also che.

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑yàsele dune chighnulehde ʘ^lt ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, dists’ii chighninlèh. ‑‑‑‑Ya chighnìinla? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya chighnùsla? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’aht chighnùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’aht chighghnùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Chighighnèsla. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Khudahda choots’inùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudahda all chinawnèesla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya chinaghnoolèha? ʘ^ma

mot ‑‑‑‑Chighnahtįįlh. ‑‑‑‑Chighghnùsdetl ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhàhde chights’inùsdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Chinaghighnèhghuz. ‑‑‑‑Chinaghts’inùsgę. For further example(s) of mot see detl² (under cust).

Dune Lhiihchinaghnudùlh Wuchowde pn. ʘ^lt

succ For examples for succ see lòòh (under mom); yheh (under mom).

ku-chi#gh‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gat mukaghà’ ’èhììt’è’ kuchighach’il lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii muk’ų̀yè’ kuchighatòn.

> kì(‑chi)#gh-n‑ìì‑da “sg. sit leaning” see under da³

> P‑i-chi#gh-n‑h-diih “mix P by hand, knead P” see under dìì’¹

> chi#gh-n‑doos “tighten, cramp, shrink” see under doos

> P‑chi#gh-n‑h-guts “stir, mix P with instrument” see under gus

> chi-nu#lh-gh-n‑D-le “pl. meet” see under la²

> chi#O‑gh-n‑làh “pile up O, make a pile of O” see under làh

> chi#gh-n‑tsas “tighten, cramp, shrink” see under tsas²

chi²

> chi#D-ya/’àts/detl “sg./du./pl. walk leisurely, dawdle, putter, be busy” see under ya³

chidle

‑chidle n. (voc ’ushidle) ʘ^ma (dim ‑chidla) (asidle “my younger brother, ...male cousin” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sichidle wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ushidle wìlę. ʘ^ma [PA *‑k^yə’tl’e: “younger brother” (K05)]

Lhiihchidleke Ts’elę̀’ pn.

> Lhiihchidleke Tisulade “Toodoggone L., Two Brothers L.” see under la²

chin

‑chinè’ n. ‑‑‑‑michinè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑muchinè’ ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑bes chinè’ ‑‑‑‑tsehyèlh chinè’ ‑‑‑‑’Ii gat chinè’ sàntį̀į̀h, mu’èh kwùdòòsk’ǫ̀hii dowa. ‑‑‑‑Michinè’ lhetòn. ‑‑‑‑Gat chinè’ ts’uskę. For further examples of ‑chinè’ see la¹ (under sentence-final la); t’el (under d-t’el); ts’ake. [PA *k^yən “stick, base” (K05)]

’òòna chinè’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo si’òònà’ chinè’ kawnints’ùt. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’òòna michinè’ mǫh nantį̀į̀h.

lachine n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑lachinè’)

‑lachinè’ n.

‑lachinè’ ghǫh sulaii n.

’ech lachine n. ‑‑‑‑su’ejè’ lachine ʘ^ma

kechine n. (psd ‑kechinè’) ‑‑‑‑Mukechinè’ k’inint’às.

chìn

Too Kwùdàchìnde pn. ‑‑‑‑Choo kwùdàchìnde ʘ^lt

Kwùdàchìn pn. ʘ^ma

chinlaya n. ʘ^ma

chiiyòò’

‑chiiyòò’ n. (pr chiiʹyòò’) ‑‑‑‑’uchiiyòò’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uchiiyòò’ k’ula sa’ute’e.

chǫ, chįįlh rain

dur

chįįlh

chǫ

chįįlh

chįįlh

chǫ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Chǫ ’ut’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo chǫ kaynuszų. For further example(s) of chǫ see tįį (under cust). [PA *k^ya:n “rain” (L87)]

nù#d-h‑chįįlh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Nùdehchįįlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùdiihchǫ lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla nùdèhchǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùdidèhchǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùdidahchįįlhe noodlii. ʘ^ma

> chǫ k’àsè’ “thrush” see under k’às²

> chǫ twè’ “rain water” see under too¹

chǫh¹

‑chǫhda n. occurs with nominal possessive prefixes. ‑‑‑‑duchǫhda ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duchǫhda nidììya. ‑‑‑‑Suchǫhda sąs ’ughwus nìs’įį. ‑‑‑‑Suchǫhda gwudzè’ la si’òònà’ dughastlah. [< ‑chǫh “?” + ‑da “while”]

chǫh²

‑chǫhii n. ‑‑‑‑muchǫhii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muchǫhii ’unleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muchǫhii kunlèh. ‑‑‑‑Muchǫhii ’umanleh. ʘ^ma

chos n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑chosè’) ‑‑‑‑’Ii muchosè’ kundiis. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo chos joo ’unsulàh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii mughelè’ chos ’èht’e.

chosmahdzii

’uchosmahdzii n.

chow¹, chà’

neu	chow
compar	chow

‑chow v. (dim

neu¹ ‑‑‑‑Shòwachow. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwà’ ’achowànleh.

impf with du#. (1s daschow, 2s diin‑, 3s da‑, 1p duts’a‑, 2p dah‑, 3p dugha‑) ‑‑‑‑Dachow. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Òòst’ę dachow. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Òòst’ę dachowàjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oosdzeghe dachowàjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula muzà’ duwachow. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune mukè’ dunachow. ‑‑‑‑Kachow.

compar

impf with ’u#. (1s ’aschow, 2s ’iin‑, 3s ’a‑, 1p ’uts’a‑, 2p ’ah‑, 3p ’ugha‑) ‑‑‑‑Khinii la wadus ’uts’achow. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wadus ’ughachow. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wadus ’ahchowǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila sadus ’achow. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Madus ’aschow. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Madus ’iinchowǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkachowa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dìniihchow. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khadus dìniihchow. ʘ^ma

duwachow adv. ‑‑‑‑Duwachow dudlòw.

lhiwachow adv. ʘ^ma

lhechow adv. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla lhechow lhìist’ats. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of lhechow see sooh.

‑chowa v. (dim) [< ‑chow “big” + ‑a diminutive]

neu² ‑‑‑‑Dachowa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ dachowa. ‑‑‑‑Tl’owe k’eh kuwachowa. ‑‑‑‑Mukè’ dachowa. ‑‑‑‑Kachowa ghustsèt. ‑‑‑‑Dachowàjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie dowa kachowa winh’ǫ̀’. ‑‑‑‑Kachowa màniis’ǫ. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of neu² see kàt (under d-kàt).

compar ‑‑‑‑’Achowa, ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑Shòwachowànleh.

chow adj. For example(s) for chow see gwùgwun. [PA *k^yʊx. “big” (L87)]

‑laschow n. ‑‑‑‑Sulaschow k’oodidììh. ʘ^ma

‑keschow n. ‑‑‑‑Tse mukeschow k’eh nàats’ut.

‑lhehchò’ n. (Ursus arctos) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sąs milhehchò’ wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Milhehchò’ sǫ ’ute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo milhehchò’ kaynuszų. ʘ^ma

> ’ah chow “large snowshoe” see under ’ah

> ’ehda muchow “large golden eagle” see under ’ehda

> bes chow “butcher knife” see under bes

> diih chow “blue grouse” see under diih

> dichisgoga chow “northern flicker” see under gok

> jìje chow “huckleberry” see under jìje

> ‑ghwus chow “femur” see under ghwus

> khwush chow “Devil’s club” see under khwush

> Mun Chow “Weissener L.” see under mun

> Mun Chow “Fox Pass_L.” see under mun

> nòòshdą chow “cougar, mountain lion” see under nòòshdą

> Sùn chow “bright evening or morning star” see under sùn

> Too Chow “lake upstream from Pelly L.” see under too¹

> ’ut’ǫ̀’ chow “little buttercup, hairy buttercup” see under t’ǫ̀’

> tlįį chow “horse” see under tlįį

> tsìstsèla chow “blue-winged teal” see under tsìstsèla

> tsits chow “mallard” see under tsits

> ts’ehe chow “cranefly” see under ts’ehe

> widzįįh chow “large bull caribou” see under widzįįh

> yàtòna chow “mule deer” see under yàtòna

chow²

‑chowè’ n. ‑‑‑‑suchowè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑muchowè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Yuchowè’ nùdùs’èts. ‑‑‑‑’Uchowè’ lhìihyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Kwusǫ dude joo nunèhtsunìì. Muchowè’ salhidììh. [PA *k^ya:nq’e’ “rib” (K05)]

’ulà’ chowè’ n.

choo n. (psd ‑choowè’) ‑‑‑‑Choo nisdòòwè. [from Eng chew]

> ‑chǫǫhgat “diaphragm” see under gat²

choosk’a n. (pr choosk’aʹ) ʘ^ma (Perisoreus canadensis) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii choosk’a ’utsùn ni’į̀į̀h.

choosk’a chow, chooshk’a chow n. (Cyanocitta stelleri)

choosk’a chow: ʘ^ma

chooshk’a chow: ʘ^ma

Choosk’a Ts’elę̀’ pn.

> choosk’a jìjè’ “bunchberry, dwarf dogwood” see under jìje

choot

mom	choot	chòòt	choolh	choot
cust	chooch

O‑ìì‑h-choot v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Miilà’ ’ìnhchoot. [PA *ɬ-k^yu’:d “seize, take for immediate use” (L87)]

pf (1s ’ììhchòòt, 2s ’ình‑, 3s ’ììh‑, 1p ts’ììh‑, 2p ’àh‑, 3p ghììh‑) ‑‑‑‑Ya ’ìnhchòòda? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ììhchòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudahii ’ììhchòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììhchòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Àhchòòdǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghììhchòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muchę̀’ ’ììhchòòt. ʘ^ma

fut with 3sg pronominal object. (1s dàaschoolhe, 2s dìinh‑, 3s yidàh‑, 1p ts’idàh‑, 2p dàah‑, 3p ghighdàh‑) ‑‑‑‑Dàaschoolhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dìinhchoolhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yidàhchoolhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’idàhchoolhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dàahchoolhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghighdàhchoolhe. ʘ^ma

opt with 3sg pronominal object. (1s ’òòschoodii, 2s ’oonh‑, 3s yòòh‑, 1p ts’òòh‑, 2p ’wah‑, 3p woowòòh‑) ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila ’òòschoodii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oonhchoodǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yòòhchoodii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòhchoodii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wahchoodǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woowòòhchoodii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soosà’ ’oonhchoodììnò. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑Diidìì’ tùnudu’ąhii gòòlii diidìì’ na’ììchooch.

nu#O‑ìì‑choot v. ‑‑‑‑Sudahii na’ìschoot. ‑‑‑‑Dighi’òònà’ naghììchoot. ʘ^ma

pf (1s O na’ìschòòt, 2s na’ìn‑, 3s na’ìì‑, 1p nats’ìi‑, 2p na’àh‑, 3p naghìì‑) ‑‑‑‑Sudahii na’ìschòòt. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Si’oònà’ na’ìschoòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya na’àhchòòda? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudahii nats’ìichòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya na’ìnchòòda? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nayììchòòdǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Di’òònà’ na’ììchòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Meghudii na’ììchòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna ya na’ììchòòda? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya naghììchòòda? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dighi’òònà’ naghììchòòt. ʘ^ma

nu#O‑gh-d‑ìì‑choot v. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì si’òònà’ naghdìschòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nayghdììchòòt.

chuba n. (pr chuʹba) ʘ^ma (dim chubazii) ʘ^ma (Populus tremuloides) ‑‑‑‑Chuba k’inè’ la sa’ute’e, sinii. For further example(s) of chuba see tah¹ (under ‑tah). [PA *lə-wa: “be gray” (L87)]

> chuludè’ “standing burned tree” see under lhut

chwę̀’

‑chwę̀’ n. (dim ‑chwą̀zii) (setchwą’ “my son, step-son” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑muchwę̀’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑suchwę̀’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑suchwą̀zii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suchwę̀’ la kǫh suda. ‑‑‑‑Ma chwàant’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suchwę̀’, ’uyii sutsèè’ sùn’ą̀h. ʘ^ma [PA *k^yəme: “son” (KL)]

Khutà’ muchwę̀’ n.

> chwe#’-D‑khe “walk proud, tough, smug, smart” see under khe²

CH’

ch’ah

‑ch’ah nsf. occurs with independent pronouns. ‑‑‑‑ninch’ah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑ninch’ah? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninch’anh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninch’ahanh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑khiniich’ah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑siniich’ah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siniich’ah jode susda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siniich’ah kust’e sawute’e. ‑‑‑‑Didinch’ah la yizèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑Didinch’ah k’èdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide la khiniich’ah tsà’ kats’ut’e. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune didinch’ah k’e’it’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune dighdinch’ah gwa ghuskę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninch’ah nùninhtsįį̀’. ʘ^ma

ch’ègh, ch’èl

mom	ch’eh	ch’ègh/ch’èl	ch’olh/ch’elh	ch’eh
per	ch’oh	ch’oh	ch’olh	ch’oh
prog	ch’olh/ch’elh

(H‑)ch’ègh v. (mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh ts’è’ nach’olh. ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh ts’è’ nach’elh.

per ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane ya ghǫh sǫ k’èch’ohìì.

mom ‑‑‑‑Kùdèhch’ègh. ‑‑‑‑Kwunach’ègh.

ch’ìdè’

‑ch’ìdè’ n. ‑‑‑‑nich’ìdè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑nuch’ìdè’ ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Suk’wus ch’ìdè’ k’oodidììh. [cf. d-ch’ìt “be tough”]

‑gònè’ ch’ìdè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mugònè’ ch’ìdè’ ʘ^ma

‑k’wus ch’ìdè’ chow n. ‑‑‑‑’uk’wus ch’ìdè’ chow ʘ^ma

‑ch’ìdè’ chow n.

‑dzàdè’ ch’ìdè’ chow n. ‑‑‑‑’udzàdè’ ch’idè’ chow ʘ^ma

‑kesch’ìdè’ chow, ‑kè’ ch’ìdè’ chow n. ‑‑‑‑’ukesch’ìdè’ chow ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mukè’ ch’idè’ chow ʘ^ma

’ukech’ìda n. ʘ^ma (Contopus sordidulus)

’ukesch’ìda n. ʘ^ma (Contopus sordidulus)

tu#w-h‑ch’ìdidii v. (descr) ‑‑‑‑Mutl’àsùs tuwehch’ìdidii.

> ch’ìdè#‑da “sg. sit wrestling” see under da³

> ‑ìch’ìdè’ d-ìì‑ya/’ats/detl “sg./du./pl. wrestle with, pull on” see under ya³

ch’il tear

dur	ch’il	ch’il	ch’il	ch’il
mom	ch’il	ch’il	ch’il	ch’il

‑ch’il v. (succ mom) ‑‑‑‑Lhech’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wisch’ilè’ nùdìsch’il. ‑‑‑‑Nuts’ùdè’ ghaghèch’il. ‑‑‑‑Muk’àwnìsch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tudnach’il. ‑‑‑‑Muk’àdèhch’il. ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs tòònììch’il. ‑‑‑‑Lhik’ech’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sugwùt ìnììch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ ’ùlhè’ t’adììch’ilii ’èh ’ìtsè’è ’utune ts’è’ too ts’ìk’ooniihch’il. [PA *k^y’əɬ “rip, tear, split” (L87)]

caus ‑‑‑‑’Udoo si’òònà’ kàwninhch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yuk’àwnèhch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mit’oodzè’ kìihch’il. ‑‑‑‑Lhìihch’il. ‑‑‑‑Lhik’iyiihch’il. ‑‑‑‑Yit’oodzè’ toodììhch’il. ‑‑‑‑Yik’oowììhch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khwudighe tsà’ ’ùlhè’ t’adììhch’il. ‑‑‑‑Yut’adììhch’il. ’Ii ’èh too nàadooz. ‑‑‑‑Su’ejè’ nìihch’il. ‑‑‑‑Naydèhch’il. ‑‑‑‑’Utayghììhch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yayghììhch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’àdinhch’il. For further example(s) of caus see lhik’i (under lhik’i#n-ìì‑).

dist ‑‑‑‑Yik’inùwehch’il. ʘ^ma

O‑d-ch’il v. (oper

dur

mu’èh tsuts dich’ilii n.

tsuts dach’ilii n.

caus ‑‑‑‑Disch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yidehch’il. ‑‑‑‑Tsuts sudowa dinhch’il. ‑‑‑‑Tsuts diihch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yidiihch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’idiihch’il. ‑‑‑‑Tsuts doohch’ilìì wukayniizų. ʘ^ma

refl ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii tsuts didiich’il.

mom ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lhik’idooch’ilii òòht’e. Dich’ìt. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom see k’i¹ (under P‑k’i#w‑).

caus ‑‑‑‑Lhik’idinhch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts lhik’idiihch’il.

P‑e#d-h‑ch’il v. (oper dur) ‑‑‑‑Yedehch’il. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Gah ’edehch’il. ‑‑‑‑Gah ’ets’idehch’il. ‑‑‑‑Yediihch’il. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Yedèhch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mets’idiihch’il. ‑‑‑‑Gah ’ets’idiihch’il. ʘ^ma

dist ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ ’inùdèhch’il.

’ònè O‑d-h‑ch’il v. (mot s mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wukayniizų gòòlìì yì’ònè yidèhch’il. ʘ^ma

kù‑nu#O‑h-ch’il v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Kunsiihch’il.

’uch’ilè’ n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑ech’ilè’, psddim ‑ech’ilàa) ‑‑‑‑’ech’ilè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mech’ilè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane ’ech’ilè’ looht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ ’ech’ilè’ nun’òts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh sech’ilè’ nudas’òdze.

wisch’ilè’ n. (psd ‑wisch’ilè’, psddim ‑wisch’ila) ‑‑‑‑Wisch’ilè’ tsun ’ulę. ‑‑‑‑Niwisch’ilè’ nun’òts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo niwisch’ilè’ nun’òts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siwisch’ilè’ sànlèh.

wisch’ila n. ʘ^em

ch’ila adj. (psd ch’ilàa ~ ch’ila) ‑‑‑‑dune ch’ila ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii ch’ila lat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ ch’ilàa looht’e. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

tach’ile n. ʘ^ma (Ceryle alcyon) ‑‑‑‑Too gàh tach’ile k’ànustą. [< ta‑ “water” + ch’il “torn”]

> wisch’ilè’ tl’oolh “clothesline” see under tl’oolh

ch’ilha

d-ch’ilha v. (descr) ‑‑‑‑Shòwadii. “Dach’ilha” ’èhnii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wudich’ilha. ʘ^ma

d-d‑ch’ilha v. (descr) ‑‑‑‑’Ii too didich’ilha. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùn didich’ilha. ‑‑‑‑Sùn katsìdla dudinch’ilha. ‑‑‑‑Tse didich’ilha k’ehdzè’ noodat’ę. (Twinkle, twinkle little star)

ch’ila

‑ch’ila v. (descr) ‑‑‑‑Sich’ila. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Too sich’ila. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii sich’ila. ʘ^ma

ch’ìla

ku#gh-d‑ch’ìla, kula#gh-d‑ch’ìla v. (n descr) ‑‑‑‑Kaghdèch’ìla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kulaghdèch’ila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ besè’ kulaghdèch’ìla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’èh ’ugudzii kulaghdèch’ìla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gus kulaghdèch’ilànleh. ʘ^ma

ch’ìt

dur

ch’ìt

ch’ìt

ch’ìt

ch’ìt

d-ch’ìt v. (descr) ‑‑‑‑Dich’ìt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn dich’ìdǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tsuts dich’ìt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dinch’ìt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dich’ìdajàh. ʘ^ma [PA *də-k^y’ə’t’ “be tough, sinewy” (L87)]

w-d‑ch’ìt v. (descr) ‑‑‑‑Widich’ìt. ‑‑‑‑Lhatahda la widich’ìt. Lhatahda ’udoo yèda ’uwììht’e, kwùdii ABC.

widich’ìdìì adv. ‑‑‑‑Widich’ìdìì ke’inhtl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma

O‑h-ch’ìt v. (oper dur) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’inhch’ìt.

recp ‑‑‑‑Lhighich’ìt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhits’ich’ìt. ‑‑‑‑Lhighach’ìt.

ch’iiyonè’ n. ʘ^ma (Canis lupus) ‑‑‑‑Ch’iiyonè’ duzǫ. [from Kas (GHL, P) ch’íiyooné’]

Ch’iiyonè’ Ts’elę̀’ pn.

> ch’iiyonè’ tsasè’ “unidentified root” see under tsas¹

ch’ǫ̀

P‑ch’ǫ̀ p. ‑‑‑‑Chè’, such’ǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Lhadzè’ sinda. ’Udoo much’ǫ̀ ’ant’e. ‑‑‑‑“Sits’ìdawa” woowèhnii, ’ùkoo ch’ǫ̀ dzè’, wooch’ǫ̀ dzè’ nùzut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza k’ìts’udulh da tooniihdzuz khuch’ǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo such’ǫ̀ wìsinhlha. ʘ^ma

> P‑ch’ǫ̀ d-D‑tsut “push in the way of P” see under tsut

ch’oh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑ch’oh, ‑ch’ohè’) ‑‑‑‑much’ohè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Much’oh k’ula nùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑Duch’we much’ohè’ nùstlǫ. [cf. duch’we “porcupine”]

dahch’ohè’ n. ʘ^ma (Ribes oxyacanthoides or Ribes lacustre)

ch’owa adj.

’oosà’ ch’owa n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑oosà’ ch’owa) ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ ch’owa ’èkèh tii ’unleh.

kǫh wuch’owa n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sà’è dǫ̀ khununè’ k’eh kǫh wuch’owa wits’idèt’ę. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of kǫh wuch’owa see ts’eh (under sà’è wuts’eh).

kesch’owa n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑kesch’owàa) ‑‑‑‑Sukesch’owàa looht’e. ʘ^ma

Tse Nìich’owii pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^lt

ch’oonè’ n. (Canis lupus) [from TsK’/McL]

> ‑ch’ù# “away from, keeping from” see under ech’à’

D

d¹ reflexive

d‑ ~ du‑, di‑ npf. d‑ before a vowel, du‑ or di‑ before a consonant.

d‑: ‑‑‑‑Diilà’ ’èh zǫh ’ulà’ ’ulàh.

du‑, di‑: ‑‑‑‑Duts’ùdè’ ’ughut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dunè’ nu’òts. ‑‑‑‑Duts’unè’ dughatlah. ‑‑‑‑Ditsìì’ ’uts’ùt. ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh kedììh. ʘ^ma

dughu‑, dighi‑ npf. ‑‑‑‑Dughupanè’ k’ights’idlii. ‑‑‑‑Dune dàà’ didììh da ghighehbets ’ii tl’ǫh dughudàà’ mu’èh nughu’òts. ‑‑‑‑Dighits’ììhts’ìgè’ k’ìghidloos. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of dughu‑, dighi‑ see ghù (under P‑ghù#).

’udu‑, ’udi ~ ’udugh‑, ’udigh‑ ppf. ’udu‑ or ’udi‑ before a consonant, ’udugh‑ or ’udigh‑ before a vowel. For examples for ’udu‑, ’udi ~ ’udugh‑, ’udigh‑ see ghù (under pf); le¹ (under refl); lii¹ (under impf); lhut (under mom); t’e¹ (under P¹‑ghǫh P‑i-dzoo#h-t’e).

’udugh‑, ’udigh‑: ‑‑‑‑’Udughets’idììh. ʘ^ma For further examples of ’udugh‑, ’udigh‑ see kùt (under refl); k’ida (under P‑k’ida); lhah (under refl²); le³ (under P#oo-le); tl’ǫǫ (under P‑i#’-ìì‑h-tl’ǫǫ).

’udu‑, ’udi‑: ‑‑‑‑’Uduk’ànehtą.

’u-d‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑’Udìs’òòn. ‑‑‑‑’Uts’iduts’ùt. ‑‑‑‑’Uzidèhgę.

d-D‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑Dinbets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nadidast’èse. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzèh koo’ìdast’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ dut’ès. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda zidèesgę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula ’uts’izidèhgę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii la ’utsùn nididììt’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Dinèesyǫ.

fut (1s didas‑, 2s didiin‑, 3s dida‑, 1p ts’idida‑, 2p didah‑, 3p ghidida‑) ‑‑‑‑Gah didasbedze. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gah didiinbedzǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gah didabedze. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gah ts’ididabedze. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gah didahbedzǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gah ghididabedze. ʘ^ma

didinii pro. (pr didiniiʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didinii dèkat’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didinii joo yik’ìts’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’èh mesdąhdzè’ nunèestę, didinii joo. ‑‑‑‑Sinii zǫh ’òòna k’èstįįh. Didinii tselh zǫh k’è’ąh. (based on a sentence from Early Travels)

didin‑/didįį‑ pro. ‑‑‑‑Didįįjoo dèkat’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑didinch’ah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didįįch’ah ’ide suda. ‑‑‑‑Didįįch’ah ’wèdè’ ’usanii ’udèhda. ‑‑‑‑Didinjoo yik’ìts’idlii. Dìsts’ugh. ʘ^ma

dighdinii pro. (pr dighdiʹnii) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìnòwats’ujàh baba ’èh‑‑‑dighdinii gwudzè’ khitsòòwìì. ‑‑‑‑Dighdinii joo khu’èh ’utsùn kaghdadùlhe.

dighdin‑/dighdįį‑ pro. ‑‑‑‑dighdinch’ah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dighdinch’ah gwuda sàghehkę.

> ’umawii ’udughe’ookèdii “prostitute, hooker” see under kèt

> ’udugh-ì‑nu#t’e “be idle, unconcerned, unwind” see under t’e¹

> ’udi-k’ì#w-d‑D-ya/’ats/detl “walk for exercise, pleasure” see under ya³

d²

d‑ vpf. (s

mot ‑‑‑‑Dèhya. ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è ts’idèhtl’a. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è yidnèhyòòt. ‑‑‑‑Dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza kǫh kwunudnèhtlah. ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è ts’idùsdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kùsidèhdlat. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį yàdnèesyòòt. ʘ^ma

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑’Uyii yì’ònè yits’è’ yidùs’ǫ.

d³

d‑ vpf. optional agreement prefix. ‑‑‑‑Tsuts dut’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas tsuts dutsèl. ‑‑‑‑Tsuts sàdniitǫ. ‑‑‑‑Dulèè’ kǫh wudowa tl’owe diit’ats.

da¹

da sub. occurs with nominal, postpositional or sentential arguments.

nominal argument: ‑‑‑‑’Iibèh da la, ’oh, wawute’e k’ìghu’òlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e da nadene k’èdul. For further examples of nominal argument see ’į̀į̀h³ (under P‑gha tiiya#w-ìì‑D‑’į̀į̀h); da¹ (under nominal argument); dzen (under dzenii); dzen (under dzenii); dzen (under dzenèes); lhoodèesà (under lhoodèesà’); t’e¹ (under kawììht’e).

postpositional argument: ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’uyii ts’òòdane yugàh da ts’ulajàh. ‑‑‑‑Sudastǫh da zǫh dachowàjàh. ‑‑‑‑Edna gàh da sudùdniihgwun. ʘ^ma

sentential argument: ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ sàh’ą̀h da sawute’e. ‑‑‑‑Edna k’èkeh da mawute’e. For further examples of sentential argument see k’in (under k’inii); khǫ̀h (under dur); tu² (under cust); ts’ǫǫh (under d-ts’ǫǫh); ts’oostsęhe.

da adv. ‑‑‑‑’Òòst’ę da yuta’udùlh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dune ghàghudane gàh da wits’usdune. ʘ^ma

> ‑chǫhda “in one’s sleep” see under chǫh¹

da²

dur	da	dà’	dàlh	dà’
cust	dah

gh-ìì‑D-da v. (dur) [PA *x.‑na: “live, be alive” (Lpc)]

impf¹ (1s ghìsda, 2s ghìn‑, 3s ghì‑, 1p ghits’ì‑, 2p ghàh‑, 3p ghighì‑) ‑‑‑‑Ghìda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ghìndaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ghits’ìda. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ghàhdaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ghighìda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ghighììda. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Wùtsį̀į̀’ii ghighììda. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Ghìda dǫ̀h k’ula dune ’ute’e ghiilè’. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ shòwàghìsdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ shòwaghits’ìda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ shòwàghighìda.

opt (1s wòòsdà’ìì, 2s woon‑, 3s wòò‑, 1p ghits’òò‑, 2p wah‑, 3p woowòò‑) ‑‑‑‑Wòòdà’ìì wukayniizų. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sǫ too ’ędii woondà’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn kèh sǫ ghits’òòdà’ìì. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of opt see èh (under kèh).

dist ‑‑‑‑Nàghighìda.

ghìda n. For example(s) for ghìda see ’į̀į̀h³ (under refl).

‑k’èh gh-ìì‑D-da v. ‑‑‑‑“’Umuse, ya dowa ts’ìì’ònè ’utsùn?” “’Utsùn ’uts’idi’įį kwùdii ’ùkoo muk’èh ghits’ìda wuka.”

nu#gh-ìì‑da v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sulą̀zii naghìdà’.

caus ‑‑‑‑Nayghiihdà’.

P‑ghà#gh-da v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e k’esigheh’į̀į̀h. ’Uwute’e sàghghuda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh kàghinda. ‑‑‑‑Shòwà’ ’udughàghdinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwà’ lhàghahda. ‑‑‑‑Dune tah ’unt’e. ’Uwute’e ’udughàghdiinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sà’è dǫ̀h la kàghasdà’. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh Wuduk’ądza kàghighdadàlhe. For further examples of P‑ghà#gh-da see ’¹ (under ’u‑); ’įį³ (under sòòch’à#’įį).

opt (1s kàwoosdà’ii, 2s kàwoon‑, 3s kàwoo‑, 1p kàghts’oo‑, 2p kàwah‑, 3p kàghiwoo‑) ‑‑‑‑Kǫh kàwoosdà’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh kàwoondà’ìì wukayniinzunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh kàwoodà’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh kàghts’oodà’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh kàwahdà’ìì wukaynahzunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh kàghiwoodà’ii. ʘ^ma

dune ghàghudaii n. (pl dune ghàghudane) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune ghàghudane ’uwute’e dune màwoonadiilh. ʘ^ma

ts’òòdane ghàghudaii n. ‑‑‑‑Sudowa ts’òòdane ghàghudà’ii kaynuszun.

cust ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e yàghidah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’òòdawa la ’uwute’e màghgidah. ʘ^ma

> ghìda O‑h-yha/’ats/detl “stay alive, survive” see under ya³

da³ sg. sit

neu	da	dà’	dàlh	dà’
mom	dàh	da	dàlh	dàh

D-da v. (pos neu) Some derivatives of D-da “sg. sit” are paired with D-kę “du. sit” and d-H‑ts’ii “pl. sit”; others are paired with ‑la “pl. objects are”. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda dasdàlhe. ʘ^ma [PA *da: “sg. sit” (KL)]

impf (1s susda, 2s sin‑, 3s su‑) ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo jode susda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suda. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Gwa suda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinda. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Kuda zedzè’ ’ide suda.

pf (1s ghusdà’, 2s ghin‑, 3s ghu‑) ‑‑‑‑Ghudà’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide ghuda’ lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighde dada’ lǫ̀.

gwùndàn k’eh sudaii n.

kǫh sudaii n.

Kwùlą Sudade pn. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane khuguze sinhda. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane wooguze ghehda. For further example(s) of caus see guze (under ‑guze).

P‑k’e#D-da v. ‑‑‑‑Tsììghet k’esusda. ʘ^ma

muk’esudaii n. ‑‑‑‑muk’esusdaii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii muk’esudaii ’ìnhchoot.

P‑gàh D-da v. ‑‑‑‑Yugàh dadàlhe. ‑‑‑‑Mugàh ghusdà’. ‑‑‑‑Mugàh wusdà’ìì wukaynuszun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑George gàh wusdà’ìì wukaynuszų. ʘ^ma

nu#D-da v. ‑‑‑‑Sugàh nusuda. ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo jode nususda. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of nu#D-da see ledazǫh.

P‑t’ù#D-da v. ‑‑‑‑Du’ejè’ t’ùsuda.

k’èyiih mut’ùsusdaii n.

kì(‑chi)#gh-n‑ìì‑da v. cnj n‑ may be used in place of ìì‑. ‑‑‑‑’Iiye ’umawii kìchighnèda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kìchighnèsda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gat ’ìkìchighnèda. ‑‑‑‑Dubedè’ k’eh kìchighnèda. ‑‑‑‑Duts’ùdè’ ’èkighnììda. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Suts’ùdè’ ’èkighnììsda. ʘ^em

Old Man Kìchighnèdade pn. ʘ^ma

’ì#H-da v. ‑‑‑‑’Èhda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ehda ’èhda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ehda dloona ka ’èhda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ehda gah dowa ’èhda. ‑‑‑‑Yudowa ’èhda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ dowa ’èhda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Midloona ka ’ìsusda.

tsun-è#H-da v. ‑‑‑‑Tsunèhda. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ suwǫh tsunèsindah. ʘ^ma

tèle#d-H‑da v. (s neu) ‑‑‑‑Lhèhgą̀h tèledèhda. ‑‑‑‑Tèledèesda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tèleghdèhda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sa dę̀’ ts’è’ tèledìinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’atsèt ’ii tl’ǫh tèlets’idèhda. ‑‑‑‑Lhadzè’ sinda. Tèledidasdàlhe. ʘ^ma

dune yuk’eh tèledèhdaii n.

chwe#d-H‑da v. (s neu) ‑‑‑‑Chwedèhda. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Chweghdèhda. ʘ^ma

’usanii ’-d‑H-da v. ‑‑‑‑’Usanii ’udèhda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usanii ’ughdèhda. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune ghinitsį̀į̀’. Wooch’ùnunyah. ’Usanii ’udìinda. ʘ^ma

inc‑è#H-da, inc#H-da v. inc‑è#H-da used with consonant-final incorporated roots, inc#H-da used with vowel-final incorporated roots.

dlòw-è#H-da v. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda dlòwèhda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yughǫh dlòwèhda.

dzugh-è#H-da v. ‑‑‑‑Gwa dzughèsinda. ʘ^ma

sà#H-da v. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ sughǫh sùsinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii la sits’oodindèh. Su’èh sàsinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sharon da sàhda.

widutsà#H-da v. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila zǫh k’udà’ sutę. Duchǫhda widutsàhda. ʘ^ma

sul-è#H-da v. ‑‑‑‑Sulèhda. ʘ^ma

tsò’-è#H-da v. ‑‑‑‑Tsǫ̀’èhda. ʘ^em

tsugh-è#H-da v. ‑‑‑‑Tsughèhda. ʘ^ma

ts’ǫǫh-è#H-da v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane gwa ts’ǫǫhèhda.

yhin-è#H-da v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune gwuda yhinèhda. ʘ^ma

n-da v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Gwuda la ’uwute’e. Gwuda nindàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwuda nùsda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwuda dinasdàlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwuda noosdàhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tinùsda.

cust

too k’eh nunudahii n. ʘ^ma

P‑e#n-h‑da v. ‑‑‑‑Yenèhda. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Menèehda. ʘ^em

‑ùsdaghè’ n. ‑‑‑‑sùsdaghè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑nukhùsdaghè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑woowùsdaghè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sùsdaghè’ wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Nùsdaghè’ sinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhùsdaghè’ sahkę. ‑‑‑‑Nukhùsdaghè’ dàahts’ii. ‑‑‑‑Diih dùsdaghè’ suda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie dùsdaghè’ suda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii dùsdaghè’ wuts’àdzè’ nusuda. ʘ^ma

ch’ìdè#‑da v. ‑‑‑‑Skidoo ghǫh ch’ìdèsusda. ʘ^ma

> Kwùlą Sudade “McConnell Pass” see under da³

> Kwùlą Suda Wuts’eh ’Ii Ts’elę Kìilįį “Cutoff Cr.” see under lįį¹

> Yahaya Sudade “Yahiah L.” see under yahaya

da⁴

dur

dèh

da

dèlh

dèh

tù#D-da v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Ditsìì’ tùdadèlhe. Lhawìì ’ìdinii. ‑‑‑‑Tawndèhììsį̀į̀.

impf (1s tùsdèh, 2s tun‑, 3s tù‑, 1p tùts’u‑, 2p tàh‑, 3p tùghu‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tùsdèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tundèhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tùdèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tùts’udèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tàhdèhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tùghudèh. ʘ^ma

pf (1s tàasda, 2s tìin‑, 3s tàa‑, 1p tùts’a‑, 2p tàh‑, 3p tùgha‑) ‑‑‑‑Tàasda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tìindaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tàada. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Sugònè’ tàada. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tùts’ada. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tàahdaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tùghada. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑Khitsìì’ tùts’iihda.

lhi-tù#(w‑)d-n‑D-dèh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Lhitàwdniinda ’èh witsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo lhatahda lhitùnawdnusdèh. ʘ^ma

da⁵ eye [cf. dಠ“eye”]

> dasdlooda “person with small eyes, Asian person” see under dlooda

> ‑dats’oogwudzè’ “eyebrow” see under gwuts

> ‑dawts’ilòòzè’ “eyelash” see under loos

> ‑datòò’ “tear” see under too¹

dà¹

dà#d-ìì‑, dù‑nu#d-ìì‑ vpf. (mom

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Dàdììts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dàydìì’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suyèlhè’ dàdìs’ǫ. For further example(s) of clf-mot see gòòlii (under gòòla).

dù#d‑ vpf. (gh mom

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune kooyè yhèlh dùdiihlha. ‑‑‑‑Sukodè’ dùdiihlha kooyà. Nukodè’ joo dùdìnlèh. ‑‑‑‑Sukodè’ duba’a dùdiihtsòòs.

ext ‑‑‑‑Dichin dùdiit’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùdint’ii. ʘ^ma

clf For example(s) for clf see tįį (under n-tǫ).

dà²

‑dàà’ n. (w) (dim ‑dàazii) ‑‑‑‑sudàà’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑khudàà’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Yudàà’ kìihgwutl. ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nudàà’ wints’ùt. ‑‑‑‑Nudàà’ ’eduts’ùlhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudàà’ k’oodidììh. K’udà’ mik’oodidììh. ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ lhòòwììht’e. [< ‑dà “eye” + è’ psd] [PA *ne:x., *na:(x.), *nəx. “eye” (KL)]

’Udàà’ (dune) prsn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udàà’ dune last’e. Nistsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udàà’ dune kwùne yìdà’è wuts’eh laghiiht’e.

took’ehdàà’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma (Pandion haliaetus or Haliaetus leucocephalus) ‑‑‑‑Edna suka took’ehdàà’ ’èht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìnosdè’ ’wèdè’ took’ehdàà’ dusuda.

dà# inc. For example(s) for dà# see gwutl (under mom).

‑dàsulaii n. ‑‑‑‑sudàsulaii ʘ^ma

> ‑dàlìì “before eyes of, in front of” see under dàlìì

> ‑dàhdzeghè’ “runny eye, sleep in the eye” see under dzegh

> dàsgidla “eyeball” see under gìtl

> ‑dàà’ nu#O‑le “wear, put on O (glasses)” see under la²

> ‑dà#w-d‑D-nii “eyes are sharp” see under nii²

> dànòn “eye medicine” see under nòn¹

dà³

‑dàdu’ǫ n. ‑‑‑‑mudàdu’ǫ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’oosà’ dàdu’ǫ [cf. dù# “inside, through opening”]

dà’¹ lower face

‑yèdà’ n. ‑‑‑‑Dune duyèdà’ k’et’ats. ‑‑‑‑Yuyèdà’ nùdèhgwutl. Yudàà’ joo kìihgwutl. [PA *da: “mouth” (K05)]

dà# inc. For example(s) for dà# see dìì’¹ (under mom).

dà’²

‑dà’è dir. ‑‑‑‑yìdà’è ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è dèhya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è sidèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Baba yìdà’è wuts’eh dune ’ulę. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdà’è niihts’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdà’è ts’idoodèlii. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑dà’è see jàh (under direction u#D-jàh). [PA *da’ “downstream” (L89)]

‑dà’è n. ‑‑‑‑Nudà’è wuk’ànhtą. ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’èsgòòh la ’ujàh.

‑dàde dir. ‑‑‑‑yìdàde ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Yìdàde tahcheh kǫh ’awdìndleh. [PA *da’:‑d “downstream” (L89)]

‑dàdze dir. ‑‑‑‑yìdàdze ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdàdze niihts’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdàdze nawdàba’a. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdàdze nudasdalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdahdze ghusyalhii ’èh ’ìdàdze suneh nughat’às.

‑dàwìì dir. ‑‑‑‑yìdàwìì ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“Yìdàwìì tsà’ kat’eii wìlę,” George la sèhnii.

> ‑da’ą̀’ “in position” see under ’ą²

dą̀ch

O‑n-D‑dą̀ch v. ‑‑‑‑Sinùsdą̀ch. ‑‑‑‑Yinùsdą̀ch.

’oosdą̀jii n. ʘ^ma (Esox lucius)

dą̀da

d-dą̀da v.

neu ‑‑‑‑Kudadą̀da. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kaghdadą̀da. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’utsudzajàhii ’èh la kudadą̀dajàh.

compar ‑‑‑‑Tanya Barbara ghadus ’udadą̀da.

dade

‑dade n. (voc ’udade) ʘ^ma (dim ‑dada, recp lhiihdade) ‑‑‑‑mudade ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Sudade ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii la mudade looht’e. For further example(s) of ‑dade see too² (under pf). [PA *a:d-e: “older sister” (L05)]

dàde

‑dàde n. ‑‑‑‑khudàde ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wudàde k’èsdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii ts’elę gàh mudàde ts’its’us’ats. ‑‑‑‑’Ii wudàde kùts’iidetl. ‑‑‑‑’Ii dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza joo mudàde nùstlǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑18‑mile wudàde gwudzè’ la deyǫ̀’ zèhkhę lǫ̀. For further example(s) of ‑dàde see bus.

Too Tii Dàde Tse pn. ‑‑‑‑Choo Chii Dàde Tse ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

> ‑dàde “downriver at location, ahead at location” see under dà’²

> ‑dàdze “from downriver” see under dà’²

dądzii

‑dądzii n. ‑‑‑‑Mudądzii koo’ìis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woodądzii ’uts’atsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghinitsį̀į̀’. Woodądzii ts’ììyiisya. ʘ^ma

wudądzii sub. ‑‑‑‑Mayiislòò’ wudądzii nudèesja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mayiislòò’ wudądzii simìlhè’ nadìsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii ch’ila nitsį̀į̀’ wudądzii, sudahda all nawìschòòt. ʘ^ma

dàdzughe n. (w pr dàdzuʹghe) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Dàdzughe duwagwùda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ dàdzughe dinyah. ‑‑‑‑Mudàdzughe niisya.

(P‑)dùdzi# vpf. (n mom) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè dùdziniisya.

pf (1s ‑dùdziniis‑, 2s ‑dùdziniin‑, 3s ‑dùdzinii‑, 1p ‑dùdzidzinii‑, 2p ‑dùdzinah‑, 3p ‑dùdzighnii‑) ‑‑‑‑Mudùdziniisya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudùdziniinyaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudùdziniiya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudùdzidzinii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudùdzinah’adzo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudùdzighnii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda mudùdzinustl’a.

dah¹

P‑dah p. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wudah ka’ììhlhah. ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e sąs kǫh wudah dagwuch. ‑‑‑‑’Umuse ’èh yìtsòòwìì wudah dzè’ dùs’ats. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo seghidììhìì gòòlìì sudah woowits’ììt. ʘ^ma

P‑dawusdah p. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Yhìs dawusdah khutune wìlę. ʘ^em

P‑du#, P‑ghudu# vpf. (s mom) often occurs with d‑. occurs with mot verbs.

P‑du#: ‑‑‑‑Sudunudutl’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudze la ts’òòdane kǫh wududèhtl’a. ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ kàatl’a. ’Ii ’èh sech’à’ joo yì’ònè wududèhtl’a. ‑‑‑‑Gat dunsugètde sǫ, ’ide nidè’įį. ʘ^em

P‑ghudu#: ‑‑‑‑Yhìs ghududèhtl’a. ‑‑‑‑Tse ghududèhtl’a.

P‑du-nu#’-d‑ vpf. (n) occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Mudunadèts’ut. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Sudunadèts’ut. ʘ^em

> P‑dah w-d‑dèh “talk about P” see under dèh

dah²

‑dahii n. Occasionally occurs with w‑ areal. ‑‑‑‑Sudahii nùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑Dudahii na’ììchòòt. ‑‑‑‑Sudahii nadìsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’uzùs zǫh dughudahii ’ugheh’įį. ‑‑‑‑George ’udoo mudahii nùstlǫ. Kwùdii kachowa zǫh dèt’ę. ‑‑‑‑Ya ka dudahii jo nòòniilà? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑dahii see lhu (under clf-mot).

‑dahda n. (w pr ‑daʹhda) ‑‑‑‑sudahda ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑mudahda ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mudahda winùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè dudahda tàwùsgę. ‑‑‑‑Sudahda nawìschòòt. ʘ^ma

dah³

‑dah n. (w) ‑‑‑‑’udah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑sudah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mudah ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑kuda dah ‑‑‑‑Sąs dah wududèesya. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mudah kewìs’ą̀h.

Dah pn.

Kuda Dah Ts’elę̀’, Khuda Dah Ts’elę̀’ pn.

’Udah Ts’elę̀’ pn.

’Udah Wumunè’ pn.

dah⁴

dah exp. discourse marker. ‑‑‑‑Dah, ’udoo bàbììsa zǫh, ts’asnone joo yutsuts. For further example(s) of dah see shòwà’.

dah⁵

cont

dah

dah

dalh

dah

nù#gh-dah v. (cont) nù ‑‑> nà before gh. ‑‑‑‑Nàghudah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ nàghusdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duwatsidla nùts’ii. Gòòle nàghudah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila ’wèdè’ nàghudah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda nàghudah. ‑‑‑‑Nàghèesdah. [PA *‑na: “move household or camp, migrate” (L87)]

caus ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo gòòle ’iihts’ii nayghehdah. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of caus see ’ul.

dah⁶ up

tus dah pp. ‑‑‑‑Tus dah nùzut. ʘ^ma

‑tsìdah n. ‑‑‑‑’utsìdah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mitsìdah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mutsìdah ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Utsìdah dune nùzut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh witsìdah dune suda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Bus tsìdah ts’isuya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda bus tsìdah nùzut. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii lhìghè’ joo mut’ǫ̀’ mitsìdah ditl’įįsda. For further example(s) of ‑tsìdah see dzèh² (under tse dzèh).

dahge adv. (pr daʹhge) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Diih dahge dusuda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii diih dahge dusuda ’ìn’òòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’ìdighè dahge dusin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

‑dahdze, ‑dahdzè’ dir. [PA *dəx.‑č’ən’ “towards above” (Lpc)]

‑dahdze: ‑‑‑‑yìdahdze ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdahdze nadalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdahdze sidèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlìì ’ìdahdze nùnundah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdahdze suts’è’ naghus. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdahdze nabęlh. ‑‑‑‑Jo lhunts’adùlh ’ìdighè yìdahdzè ’ìkùnuts’iihkę, khunùs ’èh.

‑dahdzè’: ‑‑‑‑Ts’iihdahdzèsgòòh ’ùkoo tse dachow nìdììla. (Early Travels) For further examples of ‑dahdzè’ see kù (under P‑kù‑nu#h‑); lhut (under mom); tsoos (under kawniihtsòòs).

‑dakhwìì dir. ‑‑‑‑yìdakhwìì ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdakhwìì k’ìnitlich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gòòhdakhwii k’èsdah. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdakhwìì k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdakhwìì nuts’idoodèlii? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑dakhwìì see t’e¹ (under kooht’e).

‑dakhwii n. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wudakhwii k’ìnitlich. For further example(s) of ‑dakhwii see kùtl (under dahkùdlè’).

du# vpf. (prog) occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Duya’ąlh.

du# vpf. (s neu

pos ‑‑‑‑’Ehda gat k’eh dusuda. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii duch’we joo ’ìdighè dusuda. ʘ^ma

clf ‑‑‑‑Tl’oolh dusula. ‑‑‑‑Lhìghè’ tughulii gwuda dusutǫ.

Kicker Dusu’ǫde pn.

’Udè’ Mugàh Dusu’ǫii pn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ujè’ Mugàh Dusu’ǫii ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

du# vpf. (s,s mom

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑’Udoo daws’ą̀hii yòòht’e. Ts’ehkìlh. ʘ^ma

impf (1s dus‑, 2s dusin‑/dun‑, 3s du‑, 1p duts’ìì‑, 2p dusah‑/dah‑, 3p dughì‑) ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè dahge dusin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too sdoh k’eh dusinkàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lìdii dusinkàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lìdii dunkàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo duskàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tii dunkàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo duyììkàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo duts’ìkàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lìdii dughìkàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuts’ahdè’ dunudin’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Too kwùn k’eh dusinkàh.

pf (1s dusus‑, 2s dusin‑, 3s dusu‑, 1p duts’us‑, 2p dusah‑, 3p dughus‑) ‑‑‑‑Dususkǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii disinkǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dusukǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duts’uskǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii dusahkǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii dughuskǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Daghghuskǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dunaydèhyhìtl.

dah‑ npf.

> dahbà’ “high-bush blueberry” see under bà’¹

> dahch’ohè’ “gooseberry” see under ch’oh

> dahkùdlè’ “raspberry” see under kùtl

> dahzooh “windfall” see under zooh

> dahtòò’ “slush, overflow, water dripping from overhead” see under too¹

> dahtunè’ “crust on snow, crust time” see under tun¹

> dahts’ukhè’ “witch’s broom” see under ts’ukh¹

> dahyusè’ “overhead snow, snow on high places” see under yus

dàh¹

conc

dàh

dàh

dàlh

dàh

P‑t’ù#gh-dàh v. (ìì,s conc) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mut’ùghìndàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mut’ùghahdàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii ’udoo mut’ùghìsdàh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sut’ùghìndàh. ‑‑‑‑Mut’ùghèesdàh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mut’ùghòòsdàhìì wukayniizun. ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’òòhk’èh lhunts’adùlh. Nidòòwè. ’Ii ’ùkoo ’utsùn ’udoo t’ùghìdàh. ‑‑‑‑Yut’àghdàdàlhe. For further example(s) of P‑t’ù#gh-dàh see nò (under ‑nò).

dàh² winter

dur

dàh

dà’

dàlh

dàh

kù#gh-D‑da v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo Duch’we Munè’ kùghusdàh. Yahaya dzè’ la kùghasdà’. ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è kaghts’adà’. ‑‑‑‑“’Udoo Duch’we Munè’ kùghiindàhǫ?” “’Udiidòòwè, Dahdadii la kùghasdà’.” For further example(s) of kù#gh-D‑da see dè’⁴ (under ‑dè’è).

dahdadii

Dahdadii (Dusu’ǫde) pn.

Dahdadii: (pr Dahdaʹdii) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

Dahdadii Dusu’ǫde: ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

> dahdeda “whenever” see under deda²

> dahdedii “everywhere, wherever” see under dedii

> dahdòò “right away, immediately” see under dòò¹

> ‑dahdze “from up, above” see under dah⁶

> ‑dàhdzeghè’ “runny eye, sleep in the eye” see under dzegh

daghe

‑daghe n. ‑‑‑‑’udaghe ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wudaghe k’èsdah. ‑‑‑‑Yìnònè ’udaghe yus zǫh wìlę.

> ‑dakhwìì “up in general area” see under dah⁶

> ‑dalà’ “tip, end” see under iilà’

dàlìì

‑dàlìì n. ‑‑‑‑sudàlìì ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudàlìì ’uyììlàh. ‑‑‑‑Alec sudàlìì ’ah kwudnàlelhe. ‑‑‑‑Sudàlìì kǫh ’uwìdlàh. ‑‑‑‑Sudàlìì la kooyè k’èdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudàlìì la k’eghit’į̀į̀h. For further example(s) of ‑dàlìì see k’i¹ (under ’uk’i#n-ìì‑). [cf. ‑dàà’ “eye”]

dàna n. (pr dànaʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (psd ‑dànà’, psddim ‑dàna’) ‑‑‑‑Dàna looht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dàna niihdòòwè. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dàna katsìdla sugàh nin’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dàna dèst’ę. Tes’ine. ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii ’udoo yèda ghǫh dudànà’ ’ònè duleh. ‑‑‑‑K’ah, dàna sugàh noon’ą̀h kwudindiiǫ? ‑‑‑‑K’udàzǫh ’udoo màda sudàna’ sù’ą̀h. ʘ^ma [compare ITli dânà “silver; money, coin, dollar” and Tli táanaa]

danughe n. (psd ‑danughè’) ‑‑‑‑tsà’ danughè’ [cf. nughe “shore”]

dasà wh. ʘ^ma ʘ^em short form of dawdesà, dawdèesà. For example(s) for dasà see la² (under tù#w-le).

dasde

‑dasde, ‑dąsde, ‑dąsdè’ dir. ‑‑‑‑yìdasde ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdasde suda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh yìdąsde gwa la mun wìlę. ‑‑‑‑’Isǫ dąsdè’ nìnanii’ǫ.

‑dasdè’ n. ‑‑‑‑kǫh wudasdè’

> dasdlooda “person with small eyes, Asian person” see under dlooda

dase

‑dase, ‑dasè’ dir. [PA *nəs-e: “ahead, out on open water” (L89)]

‑dase: ‑‑‑‑yìdase ‑‑‑‑Wudase lhonè’ tahkhùlh.

‑dasè’: ‑‑‑‑’ìdasè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Baba kwune yìdasè’ ghidùsdetl. ‑‑‑‑Dasè’ kǫh wuts’àdzè’ wuk’ànustą.

dasè’ nì# vpf. (cust) ‑‑‑‑Dasè’ neghuleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dasè’ ne’us’ąh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dasè’ ne’usgeh. ʘ^ma For further examples of dasè’ nì# see tįį (under cust); ya³ (under mèh k’èdahii).

kahdasè’ nì# vpf. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kahdasè’ mu’èh k’ìts’oogòòhii nìts’iniitǫ. ʘ^em

‑dase n. ‑‑‑‑Nudase wuk’ànhtą. ‑‑‑‑’Ii dudase wuk’ànehtą.

‑dasdè, ‑dasidè, ‑daside dir. ‑‑‑‑yìdasdè ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdasdè sǫ tii ’uts’idòòdlehìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdaside khukǫh wuts’àdzè’ wìlę.

daze

‑daze n. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii la sudaze looht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune la mudaze laghiiht’e. [PA *‑a:zh-e: “cross nephew, niece” KL] [cf. ‑aze “(my) niece, nephew”. The PA root split in two, and inserted d made this a consonant-initial root.]

dasè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Dasawìjàh.

dasìdzè’, dasììdzè’ n.

dasìdzè’: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dasìdzè’ ’utsùn ’uts’oolèhii.

dasììdzè’: ʘ^ma

> ‑dazę̀’ “spit, saliva” see under zę̀’

> dàsgidla “eyeball” see under gìtl

> dasìdzè’ “springtime” see under dasè’

> dasǫ “maybe” see under sǫ

dazǫh adv. ʘ^ma less common variant of ledazǫh. ‑‑‑‑Khinii dazǫh ’ints’ididììt’èh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of dazǫh see t’èh (under ’i#d-d‑ìì‑t’èh).

dastǫh

‑dastǫh, ‑dastǫhda n. For examples for ‑dastǫh, ‑dastǫhda see jàh (under u#d-n‑D-jàh); koo’ì (under mot).

‑dastǫh: ‑‑‑‑Sudastǫh maniist’ats. ‑‑‑‑Yudastǫh yìtsè’è dèhtl’a.

‑dastǫhda: ‑‑‑‑Mudastǫhda màniisya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’wèlìì layeh’įį. Dudastǫhda layeh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didii ’òòna ’wèdè’ mesdììhii ’èh ’ii tse sudastǫhda mu’èh nùdèesgèdii ’èh lat’e.

> dasts’ii “dry twig, dry limb” see under dists’ii

> ‑datòò’ “tear” see under too¹

datl’ùs n. ʘ^ma

dàts

conc

das

dàts

das

das

O‑dàts v. (conc) [PA *ha’:ǰ, ya’:ǰ “singe” (L87)] ‑‑‑‑Dude ’indas. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda ’iighǫ̀’ ’indas. ‑‑‑‑Yùsdàts. ‑‑‑‑Ts’usdàts.

Tlįį munèeh duchę̀’ ’udasii n. ʘ^ma

dàtsan n. (pr dàtsaʹn) ʘ^ma (Corvus corax or Corvus brachyrhynchos) ‑‑‑‑Dàtsan gat k’eh dusuda. [from Car]

> ‑dats’oogwudzè’ “eyebrow” see under gwuts

dawdèhdììlii adv. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dawdèhdììlii sòònaghdèt’ę. ʘ^em

dawdesà’, dawdesà, dawdèesà wh.

dawdesà’: ‑‑‑‑Dawdesà’a lhuniindalh? ‑‑‑‑Dawdesà’ dii nun k’eh ’àh’adza?

dawdesà: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawdesà sùnawn’ą̀ha? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of dawdesà see ya³ (under kǫh nì#ya/’ats).

dawdèesà: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawdèesà diinyalha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawdèesà jo lhundoonjà’a? ‑‑‑‑Dawdèesà ’ìdighè ghidùsdedla? ʘ^ma

> dawdèesà’ dǫ̀h “when (in the past)” see under dǫ̀h

> ‑dawdumahii “semi-circular handle” see under mah

> ‑dawduzų̀lh “semi-circular handle” see under sų̀lh

> ‑dàwìì “downriver in general area” see under dà’²

> dawnèhtsòòs “flat area on hill, hanging valley” see under tsoos

> dawnizį̀į̀hdza “dragonfly, helicopter” see under zį̀į̀h

dawnusdusda n. (pr dawnusduʹsda) ʘ^ma (Selasphorus rufus or Stellula calliope) ‑‑‑‑Gwudo wuts’eh ’udoo dawnusdusda k’ànustą.

> ‑dawts’ilòòzè’ “eyelash” see under loos

dayis, dayoos

‑dayis, ‑dayoos n. ‑‑‑‑mudayis ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudayis kudats’ut. ‑‑‑‑Mudayoos kudats’ut.

> ‑dayis “breath” see under dayis

> ‑dàà’ “eye” see under dà²

de¹

‑de¹ nsf. attaches to verbs, forming nouns. ‑‑‑‑dune koodi’į̀į̀hde ‑‑‑‑kisighiihdunde ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’ide kisighiihdunde ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Gwuda la ’unubę̀’de. ʘ^ma For further examples of ‑de¹ see k’ǫ (under P‑k’e#d-D‑k’ǫ); lhut (under mom). [cf. ’ide “there, then”]

‑de² nsf. attaches to nouns. ‑‑‑‑’Ide munde suneh doonyà’ììt’è’. For further example(s) of ‑de² see cheh (under ‑cheh).

‑de sub. introduces sentential argument, attaches to verb phrase.

where: ‑‑‑‑K’ǫǫ’a yutsudzii wudzįįh bùdii looht’e. Nèsdzooh wìlęde la nuyeh. ‑‑‑‑Tii ’udèsdlàh ghiile’ lǫ̀de kinawìsiih’ǫ. For further examples of where see dìì’³ (under pf); ka¹ (under wuka); ka³ (under Dawnùskade); làh (under prog); làh (under ’uma#O‑làh); nii¹ (under w-ech’à#O‑d-nii); sąs; t’e¹ (under la#t’e); tlat (under cust); tl’a (under pf); ts’ùt (under w-ts’ùt).

when: ‑‑‑‑Khukǫh lhunts’atl’elhde kakhwùdè’ ’uts’atsèt. ‑‑‑‑Nawdììgà’de sutl’ǫh wuts’è’ tadut’e la yìnii’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Kuda tudnèesyòòtde la zèehkhę. For further examples of when see ’iibèh; kì (under mot²); nuso (under mot); zǫ (under (P‑i#)d-n‑ìì‑zǫ̀’).

how: ‑‑‑‑Didòò khuye dèkadast’èlhde ’udoo kesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkats’ujàhde ’udoo koondììhìì wukaynuszų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna dèkooht’ede ’udoo kesdììh. For further examples of how see t’àh² (under P‑t’àhdzè’); yè² (under kooyè).

> lhèh dzene de “next day” see under dzen

> ‑ghų̀lhè’ su’ǫde “between the eyes, middle of forehead” see under ghų̀lh

> lhàhde “one place” see under lhàhde

> muk’eh dune lhìnadùlhde “bridge” see under lhì¹

> Too Lhighdììdlįįde “Pack R.‑Fox R. confluence, 18‑mile on the Sifton Pass trail” see under lįį¹

> too nìilįįde “waterfall” see under lįį¹

> Kawdiiludade “burn on White R.” see under lhut

> Kǫh Wuk’edalutde “Burned Cabin” see under lhut

> dune kulutsde “toilet” see under lhuts

> dune nididììyehde “store” see under ni¹

> ‑tl’àde “rear end, buttocks, stern (of boat)” see under tl’à’

> wìtsį̀į̀’de “bad place” see under tsį̀į̀’

> dune kùtsǫ̀’ii kǫh “outhouse” see under tsǫ̀’

> Tsà’ ’Utsughde “lake near Cabina” see under tsugh

> de wuts’eh “from where” see under ts’eh

de² reside

dur

de

dè’

dèlh

dè’

nù#D-de v. (dur) variant of nù#D-dèl. ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh nùghude. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh nùghade’ lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è ’ìdighe point dzè’ nùdene ’èhììt’è’ all ’ets’idììh. ʘ^ma

Lhoowe Chow Nùdede pn. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe Chow Nàjede ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

P‑ts’è’ nù#D-de v. ‑‑‑‑Sinii ’udoo màda suts’è’ nùde. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ ts’è’ nùsde. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muts’è’ nùts’ude. ‑‑‑‑Muts’è’ nùdasdèlhe. ʘ^ma

de³

de wh. short form of dedii. ‑‑‑‑de wuts’eha? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of de see ts’eh (under de wuts’eh).

dè

dè# wh.

what: ‑‑‑‑Dèyiniinzuna? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkajàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’uts’unè’ dèkawnleha? For further example(s) of what see k’i³ (under ‑k’i#ìì‑).

how: ‑‑‑‑Dèkunt’ea? For further example(s) of how see chow¹ (under impf).

> dèkusk’ehdza “how” see under kusk’eh

> dèzǫh lǫ̀ “how” see under lǫ̀

> dè’ sǫh “I wonder what, I wonder how, maybe, if” see under sǫ

dè’¹ sub. occurs with perfective or imperfective verbs.

imperfective verb: ‑‑‑‑Nùdehchįįlh dè’, kǫh t’àhdze ’uts’ootsudzii. ‑‑‑‑Dinbùt dè’, ’utsigǫ̀’ ’intsuts. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nubùt didììh dè’, ’udoo ’uyii nòn ’intsuts. ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh ’udoo nùditl’iit dè’, ’ìdakhwìì k’ìts’oot’àsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii Louie ’ut’e dè’, ’udoo sǫ yizoohkhèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, wuts’inhdune dè’, khukǫh nawts’idnoolèhii. ʘ^ma For further examples of imperfective verb see bets (under refl); làh (under prog); làh (under prog); tsùgh (under k’wù(‑nu)#O‑d-h‑tsùgh); tsun² (under ti#tsune).

perfective verb: ‑‑‑‑’Ii ts’òòdane ’utsùn sehjidii ghutsèt dè’, didììhadadììlhe. ‑‑‑‑Dune yediihch’il dè’, k’ula sǫ muzùs ts’ehkìlhìì.

dè’ sǫ sub. ‑‑‑‑Yidnììhtsòò dè’ sǫ ’uwoote’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kunt’e dè’ sǫ, nuzèdzè’ wòòlè’ii. ‑‑‑‑“Hǫ” sèhnii dè’ sǫ, ’òòschoodii. ‑‑‑‑“Didii lhìihsugh dè’ sǫ, dòòdii gwudzè’ tawstl’à’ii.” (Nats’oodalh) ‑‑‑‑Nubùt didììh dè’ sǫ, lhìghè’ ’intsuts. ʘ^ma

dè’² sub. sentential argument. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane ghànahyàts dè’ wutsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh nawdììgà’ dè’ sǫ nuk’awsyà’ìì. ‑‑‑‑Nudìinja dè’ nutl’ǫh sǫ ’udighnawst’è’ìì. ’Ii tl’ǫh sǫ nunoostèhìì. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of dè’² see tl’oolh (under ’idniidzą tl’oolh).

kutl’e dè’ pp. ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dè’ nits’idììdetl. ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dè’ sǫ kwununoo’į̀į̀hìì. For further example(s) of kutl’e dè’ see tl’ǫǫ (under nù#n-H‑tl’ǫǫ).

dè’²

‑dè’ n. (dim ‑dàazii) ‑‑‑‑mudè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Mudè’ dachow. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Uyii deyǫ̀’ mudè’ dachow. ‑‑‑‑Nudàazii wìlę? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’usba dlèzhe ’utaghdììgèt, dudè’ ’èh. ʘ^ma [PA *‑de’ “horn” (KL)]

dichin ’edè’ n. ʘ^ma

tsà’ ’edè’ n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sutsà’ ’edè’ sùntį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

tun ’edè’ n. ʘ^ma

> ’Udè’ Mugàh Dusu’ǫii “Shovel Cr., Horn Cr.” see under dah⁶

> mudè’ dunùsukalha “three-year-old bull moose” see under kalh

dè’³

dè’ exp. ʘ^ma

dè’⁴

‑dè’è dir. ‑‑‑‑yìdè’è ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii yìdè’è dasyalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è kaghdadàlhe. ‑‑‑‑yahdè’èsgòòh ‑‑‑‑’Ìdè’è nudasdalhe. ʘ^ma [PA *ni’ “upstream, back behind, to the rear” (L89)]

‑dìdze, ‑dììdze dir. ‑‑‑‑yìdìdze ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mama ’ìdìdze wuts’eh dune ’ulę. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdìdze niihts’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dìdze nàwzuts’un. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdìdze sidèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ìdìdze nudasdalhe. ʘ^ma For further examples of ‑dìdze, ‑dììdze see jàh (under direction u#D-jàh); le¹ (under la#lę).

‑dìda dir. ‑‑‑‑yìdìda ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdìda Fox Lake la lhoowe duk’ądza nùstlǫ ghiilè’. ’Ùkoo gòòla didòò nidòòwawìjàh ghidii. ʘ^ma [PA *ni’:‑d “upstream, back behind, to the rear (punctual)” (L89)]

‑dįįsdè’ dir. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdįįsdè’ nin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

‑dįįsdè’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii box dįįsdè’ nin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Midįįsdè’ nììnin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

‑dòòwìì dir. ‑‑‑‑yìdòòwìì ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdòòwìì la dahbà’ nùstlǫ ghiilè’. ‑‑‑‑Yìdòòwìì go k’indahii, dune ’èh.

dè’⁵, dę̀’

sa dè’, sa dę̀’ n.

sa dè’: ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Sa dè’ ts’ę̀’ sinda. ʘ^ei

sa dę̀’: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sa dę̀’ suzul. ‑‑‑‑Sa dę̀’ kwùsadììdlat. ‑‑‑‑Sa dę̀’ nidòòwè. K’wus lhìdètlah. [PA *de:ŋ “light shines” (L87)]

deda¹

deda wh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deda sa ghu’ąlha? ‑‑‑‑Dedanlàha? ‑‑‑‑Deda dèkunjàha? ‑‑‑‑Deda neduts’ùlha? ‑‑‑‑George lèè’ deda nùnighìì’àdla? ‑‑‑‑Deda Louie kǫh widàlèlha? ’Ide dukǫh wuts’àdzè’ wukayniizų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh deda dèkawìjàha? ʘ^ma For further examples of deda see ’įį³ (under P‑gha-gà#h‑’įį); k’èh (under P‑k’èh¹); tsas² (under chi#gh-n‑tsas). [cf. dedii wuts’eh “from where”]

deda²

deda pro. ‑‑‑‑Deda wukayts’iniizun da, wuts’ate’e. ‑‑‑‑Deda wukayniinzųde sukayniinzų dè’, nuk’ǫ̀wawst’è’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kesdììh. Deda wukayniinzųde. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of deda see le¹ (under opt).

dahdeda pro. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dahdeda wukayts’iniizun da lhiih’èh kats’ììhlhah. ʘ^em

dèda

’udoo dèda pro. less common variant of yèda. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dèda ts’idii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukǫh ’udoo dèda ’òòwììht’e.

dedii where

dedii sǫ wh. ‑‑‑‑Dedii sǫ tadèes’ǫ.

dahdedii pro. ʘ^em also dahdede. ‑‑‑‑Dahdede ’ùkoo gah, tsits, diih, ka nùts’udzùt. ʘ^em

> dedii dǫ̀ha “when (in the past)” see under dǫ̀h

> dedii wuts’è’ “to where” see under ts’è’

> dedii wuts’eh “from where” see under ts’eh

dèdii

ke dèdii n. ʘ^ma

dedza wh. variant of deèdza. ‑‑‑‑Dedza ’usdè’ nìniiyade kidoonasdìì’. ʘ^em

dedzii wuts’eh wh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dedzii wuts’eh kùghii’adza? ‑‑‑‑Dedzii wuts’eha ghiinyalha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dedzii wuts’ehant’a? ʘ^ma [cf. deèdza “where”]

dedzììsą wh. ‑‑‑‑Dedzììsą ’ujàhii sooht’è.

deh¹

‑deh n. (w)

back: ‑‑‑‑mudeh ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑sudeh ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Sudeh wik’oodidììh.

behind: ‑‑‑‑’ide mun deh ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Sudeh ghuyalh. ‑‑‑‑Nudeh wuk’ànhtą. ‑‑‑‑Ma deha wuk’ànustą? ‑‑‑‑Yudeh nììnii’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Dughudeh ghighèh’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Mudeh ghighèhkǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii box deh nin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Si’òònà’ dùdètǫ deh ’inawìsiih’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’èh ’ii sudeh la nùzut. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wudeh nùni’į̀į̀’. For further example(s) of behind see ’ą¹ (under caus).

‑kedeh, ‑kè’ deh n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Sukedeh wik’oodidììh.

deh², dugh share

mom

deh

dugh

delh

deh

P‑ghà#O‑d-h‑deh v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑’Uyaghè’ nichidle ghàdinhdeh. ‑‑‑‑Sàadiihdugh. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn yàdiihdugh. ‑‑‑‑Sàydiihdugh.

dèh

dur

dèh

dèh

dèlh

dèh

w-d‑D-dèh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Widudèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nawdudèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka widudèha? ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ wudindèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dune dah widindèh. ‑‑‑‑Suzàghè’ shòwawdindèh. ‑‑‑‑Alec Emil widudèhanudlàh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wududèhajàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide ts’òòdane k’ida widudèh. ‑‑‑‑Widadèh. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì wudasdèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune tii wididadèlhe. ’Udàhts’ugh. Lhawìì dàahts’ii. ʘ^ma [PA *qə-nə‑(h)e:‑x^y “speak” (KL)]

opt (1s widoosdèhii, 2s widoon‑, 3s widoo‑, 1p wits’idoo‑, 2p widwah‑, 3p woodoo‑) ‑‑‑‑Widoosdèhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Widoondèhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Widoodèhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wits’idoodèhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Widwahdèhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woodoodèhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woodoodèhìì wukayghniizun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Minawdnììdèh, dune tsį̀į̀’.

dune dzììì’ widudèhii n.

dist ‑‑‑‑Nàwoodììdèh.

P‑ts’ì#w-d‑D-dèh v. ‑‑‑‑Woots’oots’idudèh. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ lhits’oots’idudèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mits’oodoosdèhii kast’e gòòlii ’udoo sidììts’ugh. ‑‑‑‑Yits’oodidadèlhe. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nits’oodidasdèlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhits’oots’ididadèlhe. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Alec Andreas ts’oodidadèlhde kidoonadìì’. ‑‑‑‑Demàwii ghǫh la sits’oodèhii. ‑‑‑‑Lhiihts’oots’idoodèhii. ‑‑‑‑Widwahdèhìì wukaynahzunǫ?

P‑dah w-d‑dèh, P‑da#w-d‑dèh v. ‑‑‑‑Khudawdudèh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Khudah widudèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudawoodudèh. Sudah woowits’ììt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudawoodudèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ghǫha mudawoodudèha?

P‑k’i#w-d‑h-dèh v. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sa’ìnhlhah. Sik’òògè’ k’oodusdèh. ‑‑‑‑K’òòk k’oots’idiihdèh. ‑‑‑‑’Uk’oodehdèh koodi’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune nukhik’oodidadèlhe. ʘ^ma

(P‑ts’è’) tù#w-D‑dèh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Suzàghè’ tàwindèh. ‑‑‑‑Nuts’è’ tàwudèh, mupanè’ zìinhkhę ’èh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì yuts’è’ tàwudèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo la dune kusk’eh widudèh. ’Udoo kwùdii tàwindèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii zǫh la ’wèdè’ tàwudèh. ʘ^ma

P‑k’i#w-D‑dèh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Sik’oowindèhìì gòòlii wints’ììt. Nesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’udik’oowindèh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màda k’oots’udèh.

dègh wipe

mom

deh

dègh

dukh

deh

P‑da#O‑h-dègh v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Nitsįįh wuda’inhdeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nitsįįh ghųzè’ da’inhdeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yuda’iihdègh. [PA *ɬ-de’:G “wipe” (L87)]

mèh ’uda’udehii n. ‑‑‑‑Mèh ’ingudzii ’èh, mèh ’uda’inhdehii ’èh, mèh keninh’ǫ̀’ii ’èh kunlèh. ʘ^ma

‑iighǫ̀’ mu’èh da’udehii n.

P‑k’i#O‑h-dègh v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Mik’ina’inhdeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nitsįįh khųzè’ ’uk’e’inhdeh. ‑‑‑‑Lìdii nùdinhtl’iit mik’ina’inhdeh. ‑‑‑‑Mik’ina’iihdègh. For further example(s) of P‑k’i#O‑h-dègh see iighǫ̀ǫ̀’ (under ‑iighǫ̀ǫ̀’). [PA *ɬ-de’:G “wipe” (L87)]

mèh ’uk’e’udehii n. ‑‑‑‑Mèh ’uk’e’udehii kun’ą̀h.

dune mu’èh k’edudehii n.

tù#O‑n-h‑dègh v. (ìì,s) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda tùnììhdeh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda tùnìsdeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tudnàsdukhe. ‑‑‑‑Tuts’inòòhdehii.

pf (1s tùnèehdègh, 2s tùnìinh‑, 3s tùnèh‑, 1p tùts’inèh‑, 2p tùnàah‑, 3p taghnèh‑) ‑‑‑‑Ya tùniinhdègha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas tùniinhdègh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dàna tùts’inèhdègh. ‑‑‑‑Taynèhdègh. ‑‑‑‑Tanèehdègh.

kù#O‑d-h‑dègh v. (gh mom)

pf (1s kùdiihdègh, 2s kùdiinh‑, 3s kùdiih‑, 1p kùts’idiih‑, 2p kùdah‑, 3p kaghdiih‑) ‑‑‑‑Dàna kùts’idiihdègh. ‑‑‑‑Eileen kwune joo lìdii kaghdiihdègh. Lìdii woots’è’ nùwahlèhììt’è’. ‑‑‑‑’Eht’ǫ kùdiihdèghii ’èh kuda k’ànustą gòòlìì kètl’àh muk’ànustą. ʘ^ma

P‑ghà kù#O‑d-D‑dègh v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Coffee mughà kùdadèghii ’èh dune ts’è’ tetsįįh. ‑‑‑‑Ma ghàa coffee kùdadègha? ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo ya nughà kùdadègha?

dèl reside

dur

dèl

dèl

dèl

dèl

nù#D-dèl v. (dur) variant of nù#D-de. ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh nùghadel lǫ̀.

P‑ts’è’ nù#D-dèl v. ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ ts’è’ nùsdèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ nùghudèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muts’è’ nùts’oodèlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muts’è’ nùdasdèle. ʘ^ma

denà, denii wh. For example(s) for denà, denii see làh (under ku#O‑làh).

denà: ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Denà dàwnleha? ʘ^ma

denii: ‑‑‑‑denii ’umawii? ʘ^ma

> denii ts’è’ “to which one” see under ts’è’

dèz, duz

neu	dèz/duz
compar	duz

‑dèz, ‑duz v. [PA *ŋe’:z “long” (L87)]

neu ‑‑‑‑Andreas daduzǫ? ‑‑‑‑Daduz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dadèz. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune dadèz. ‑‑‑‑K’ula daduz. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’ulà’ daduz. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’ulà’ dadèz. ‑‑‑‑Tse kaduzii ’èh nàdèehyhìtl. For further example(s) of neu see k’eh (under P‑k’eh).

’ubùt nudèza n.

compar ‑‑‑‑Tiiyaduz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkinduza? ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ dèkaduza? ‑‑‑‑Yadus ’aduz. ‑‑‑‑Dìniihduz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzenèes ’aduzii k’eh ka’ìslhahii zǫh sa nìi’ǫ. For further example(s) of compar see la² (under tù#w-le).

duwaduza wh. ‑‑‑‑Duwaduza diindèlha?

Mun Dèzii pn.

desà wh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Desà dèkadiindììlha? ʘ^ma

desda adj. ‑‑‑‑’Ide too desda ’ulà’ dzèk’ighniitǫ.

d-n‑desda v. ‑‑‑‑Nidnadesda. ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ kaghe nawdnadesda.

mutsìì’ nidnadesda n. ʘ^ma (Zonotrichia leuchophrys or Zonotrochia albicollis)

detl¹

detl n. ʘ^ma (Ardea herodias) [PA *de:ɬ “crane” (KL)]

detl² pl go

mom	dèl	detl	dùlh	dèl
per	dùlh	dùlh	dùlh	dùlh
prog	dùlh
cust	dùlh

‑detl v. (mot) [PA *‑de:tl’ “pl. move abruptly, fall, go on foot” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑’Ookètde wuts’eh nughadùlh. ‑‑‑‑Khuk’èh nughadùlh. ʘ^em

per¹ ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’udùlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza k’àhdùlha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too tah k’ìghudùlh.

mèh k’ìts’udùlhii n. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ dàhdèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudahdèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ kwahdèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è ’utune naghniidetl. ‑‑‑‑Deèdza dàahdedla?

cust ‑‑‑‑dune chinaghnudùlhde ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh dughukǫh ts’è’ naghdudùlhda, dune ’unughit’į̀į̀h.

ku#O‑(D‑)detl v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Ka’iidetl. ‑‑‑‑Ka’adetl. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį dughelè’ t’àh ka’iidetl lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Sutehmè’ t’àh kadasdùlhe. Dusbùt. ‑‑‑‑Dughelè’ t’àh ka’oodèlììsį̀į̀. Khudii, mukaydin’į̀į̀h.

cust ‑‑‑‑Tlįį ’ulę ’ute’e la. ’Udoo dughelè’ t’àh ka’udùlhii ’edììh.

n-detl v. (mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Tsits nunadùlhii k’ànhtą. ʘ^ma

per² For example(s) for per² see tsuts² (under nu#’-ìì‑tsuts).

mom ‑‑‑‑Tsits nèstlǫ tùnunùsdetl. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nùts’ii ’wèdè’ ’ii tl’ǫh tùnudnadùlhe.

ni#n-ìì‑detl v. ‑‑‑‑Diih ninììdetl.

nu#O‑d-n‑detl v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Yitsìì’ nudnadùlh.

> ‑tl’ǫh nu#d-D‑’ats/detl “du./pl. take turns” see under ’ats

dèts

‑dèdzè’ n. (voc ’usdè’) (pr usʹdè’) ʘ^ma (dim ‑dèdza) (esdje’ “my younger sister, ...female cousin” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑sudèdzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide la sudèdzè’ nùdèl. ‑‑‑‑’Usdè’ didììh. ‑‑‑‑mudèdzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudèdzè’ lhònè’ yik’ìts’udlii. ʘ^ma [PA *de’:ǰ-e’ “younger sister” (K05)]

dewà wh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dewà k’èdaha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dewà k’ìdiindalha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dewà k’oondaha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dewà lhìdayalha? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of dewà see t’àh² (under P‑t’àhdzè’).

dèwa wh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèwa kayniinzuna? ʘ^ma

dewììh

dewììh sǫ wh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dewììh sǫ tsà’ kaghut’e. ʘ^em

> dewuts’eha? “why (in the world)” see under ts’eh

> deyǫ̀’ “bull moose” see under yheh

deèdza wh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza nùni’į̀į̀’a? ‑‑‑‑Deèdza nùsuya? ‑‑‑‑Linda kwune deèdza ghidadùlhe ’udoo sìghidii. ‑‑‑‑Deèdza k’oondaha? ʘ^ma [cf. dedzii wuts’eh “from where”]

di

di# vpf. occurs with verbs of flying. For examples for di# see khwązii (under close by); khwązii (under soon); tlat (under prog²).

dì

dì#d-ìì‑ vpf. (mom) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Dìdììya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dìts’idìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dìts’idììdetl.

dich

dur

dich

dich

dich

dich

P‑i(‑nu)#w-d‑D-dich, P‑i-nu#d-D‑dich v. (dur)

P‑i-nu#d-D‑dich: ‑‑‑‑Andreas nu’èh minudasdich.

P‑i#w-d‑D-dich: ‑‑‑‑Soodindich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Moots’ididich. ‑‑‑‑Louie noodoodijii ’ìdinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune khǫhdìì moots’idadich. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì noodasdich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e noodidich. ‑‑‑‑Soodoodijii ’ìdinii.

P‑i-nu#w-d‑D-dich: ‑‑‑‑Sinawdadich. ‑‑‑‑’Udu’èh nukhinawdoosdijii. ‑‑‑‑’Udu’èh Mary ’inawdindich, dèkusk’ehdza dune ’inle. Wu’èh minawdindich. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’udu’èh minawdindich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nu’èh minawdindich. ʘ^ma

dichin, duchin n. (psd ‑duchę̀’) (d) [PA *də-k^yən “stick” (KL)]

dichin: ʘ^ma (pr dichiʹn) ‑‑‑‑Dichin tah jìje wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Dichin nun k’eh sutǫ. ‑‑‑‑Dichin kalulh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin lhint’às. ʘ^ma

duchin: ʘ^ei ʘ^em (pr duchiʹn)

‑duchę̀’ psd. ‑‑‑‑muduchę̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Diduchę̀’ lhìiyìts. ʘ^ma For further examples of ‑duchę̀’ see k’ii; khàs (under mom); zut (under ‑duchę̀’ nùzudii).

> dichin ’ehkhàsii “termite” see under khàs

> dichin zòzè’ “splinter, sliver” see under zoz

> dichin sehtsulii “green wood” see under tsul

> dichin yèlh “fish trap” see under yhèlh

> dichisgoga “woodpecker” see under gok

dichisghùdza n. ʘ^ma [from K?] [cf. ghàts “shave, whittle, carve”]

> dichishghǫ “horsehair lichen and witch’s hair” see under gha²

> ‑dìda “back at location” see under dè’⁴

> didinii “he himself, she herself” see under d¹

didii det. (pr diʹdii) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Didii ya ’ooht’a? ‑‑‑‑Didii k’àninhtą.

dii det. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dii jìje k’ida duzǫ la.

diiya det. ‑‑‑‑Diiya nidinii. For further example(s) of diiya see la² (under sùdusyaii).

> didììhii “sickness” see under dììh¹

> didòò “this (time), right now” see under dòò¹

> ‑dìdze “from back there” see under dè’⁴

dìgahii n. (Canis lupus) [cf. d-guy “be white, light coloured, light grey”]

digii, dugii n. (Cygnus columbianus or Cygnus buccinator)

digii: (pr digiiʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Digii nunadùlh.

dugii: ʘ^ei

Digii Munè’ pn.

> digii t’ǫ̀’ “common cattail” see under t’ǫ̀’

> digii yutsudzii “common cattail” see under tsuts²

digh up

‑dighè dir. occasionally attested unprefixed. ‑‑‑‑yìdighè ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’ìdighè ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yudè’ ’ìdighè ’ootòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè sidèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè ts’idoo’àsii. ‑‑‑‑Gòòhdighè dune tùsuya. ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè la nùdèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yahdighèsgòòh la ’ujàh. For further example(s) of ‑dighè see tlat (under cust). [PA *dəG-e: “up above”, or PA *nəG-e: “up from shore, up on or above shore (from water), toward back (of house)” (L89)]

P‑ghadighè p. ‑‑‑‑Home Cabin wadighè ʘ^ma

‑dighe n. ‑‑‑‑Didighe wuk’ànehtą. ‑‑‑‑Dotiiye wiyiih khidighe sąs dusuda, gòòle tah. (based on a sentence from Grizzly Story) For further example(s) of ‑dighe see ììt’è’ (under ‑t’è’).

‑dighde dir. ‑‑‑‑’ìdighde ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighde school sinda nupanè’ nuts’è’ moosyhà’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yahdighde la ’usanii ka’ììhlhah. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑dighde see lįįh (under ’u#n-H‑lįįh). [PA *dəx.‑d “up (punctual)” (Lpc)]

‑dighde n. ‑‑‑‑Khidighde, dune kùdèhya. Khuts’è’ kùdèhtl’a.

> dìghda’ą̀’ “face up, right side up” see under ’ą²

> dighdinii “they, themselves” see under d¹

dighe

> ‑oodighe “older brother, male cousin, stepbrother; brother-in-law” see under oodighe

Dìmos n. ʘ^ma

Dìmos dzene, Dìmos dzenii n.

Dìmos dzene: ʘ^ma

Dìmos dzenii: ‑‑‑‑Dìmos dzenii ’wèdè’ tinaghdidlii. [from Fr dimanche]

dinii

‑dinii n. (pr ‑diʹnii) ‑‑‑‑sidinii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sidinii looht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Midinii layììht’e. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didinii na’ììchòòt. ‑‑‑‑Nidinii nidzììì’ sinhlha. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane yidinii ’ììhchòòdii ghǫh ladii. ʘ^ma

disk’įįhje n. (pr disk’įįʹhje) ʘ^ma (Thymallus arcticus) ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe mut’aghè’ wìlę la disk’įįhje ’òòye. ‑‑‑‑Yahtsòòwìì too gàh disk’įįhje nidòòwawadììlh.

> dìslį̀į̀’ “outlet” see under lįį¹

dists’ii n. (pr dists’iiʹ) ʘ^ma (psd ‑dists’ìì’, pl dasts’ii) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dists’ii lhinyìs. ‑‑‑‑Gat dists’ìì’ ghodinyìs.

dasts’ii n.

Dishìnii prsn. (pr dishìniiʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dishìnii ’ahè’ joo la kooht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dishìnii ’emàwii ’inlę ghǫha dinii? [compare Cree Dushine, Car Dushine, and Wit Dihïnï, Diyhïnï]

Dishìnii Ts’elę pn. ‑‑‑‑Dushìnii Ts’elę ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

Tsek’ene Dishìnìì’ prsn.

> Dishìnii Tsà’ “Cree L.” see under tsà’

> dii “this” see under didii

dii¹

> P‑oo#O‑d-dii “think about, desire P” see under iidìì’

dii²

dur

dii

dìì’

dììlh

dìì’

P‑k’i#d-D‑dii v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Wook’idindii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’umawii k’idindii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì wook’idasdìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wook’its’idadìì’. ‑‑‑‑Nik’idoosdìì’ii. For further examples of P‑k’i#d-D‑dii see ghǫh (under ’udoo ghǫh); tlįį.

kù‑nu-dzi#d-D‑dìì’ v. ‑‑‑‑Kùnudzidadìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune too dinùsdǫ ’èh gwuda wik’idììts’ut. Kwùla kùnudzidadìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kùnudzidzidadìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kùnudzighdadìì’. ʘ^ma

dįį¹

n-dįį v. conjugates for third person subject only. ‑‑‑‑Nidįį? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghinidįį? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas nudįį? ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Mary nidįį? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ nidįį? ‑‑‑‑Nidįį? ’Udoo mesdììh. ‑‑‑‑Numa kwune ghinidįįa? ‑‑‑‑Andreas nidįį sìdinii. ‑‑‑‑“’Uyii dune nidįį?” “’Ide kǫh t’àhdze la ka’ììhlhah.” ʘ^ma

dįį²

’ì#dįį, ‑`dįį? v. interrogative; conjugates for 2nd person subject only; also occurs in suffixal form.

’ì#dįį: ‑‑‑‑Sadzasinlàhìì, ’ìndįį? ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì sidiinìì’, ’ìndįį? ʘ^ma

‑`dįį?: ‑‑‑‑“Khǫhdìì nùnunis’òndįį?” ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sà’èt’è la nùnunis’òndįį? ʘ^ma

dìì’¹ move hand

conc	dìì’	dìì’	dììlh	dìì’
mom	diih	dìì’	dììlh	dìì’/diih
per	diih	diih		diih

d-diih v.

per ‑‑‑‑Mukaghe k’ìdisdiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukaghe k’ìdisdiihii gòòlìì sutę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’eh k’ìdisdiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’eh k’ìdisdiihii gòòlìì sutę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyà muka k’ìdindiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsà’, mukè’ ka k’ìdisdiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukè’ ka k’ìdoosdiihii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì mukè’ ka k’ìdasdiih. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Kooyè muka nùdidìndiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muka tidn`indiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ dudindiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mik’edasdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Dinkwus da nudàlhindinhdiih. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom see zà’¹ (under mouth).

P‑e-che#gh-n‑h-diih v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ ’echeghninhdiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ ’echeghnèhdìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhats’eh soonè’ ’icheghts’inèhdìì’. ʘ^ma

P‑i-chi#gh-n‑h-diih v. (mom) variant of P‑e-che#gh-n‑h-diih. ‑‑‑‑Sudowa yichighnehdiih. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Michighninhdiih. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mechighghnehdiih. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Ninii soonè’ ’ichighninhdiihii tl’ǫh ’inht’ès. ‑‑‑‑Kusk’eh la soonè’ ’ichighnèhdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Yichighnèhdìì’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’utsùn tudnat’adza, soonè’ tah michighnoosdiihii tl’ǫh wust’èsìì wukaynuszun. ‑‑‑‑Dune ts’oodusdèh sà’è ka’ìslhah ’ii ’èh ’udoo michighnoosdiihii ’òòwììht’e. ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ ’ichighnèhdìì’ii tl’ǫh yidut’ès. ʘ^ma

P‑i-lhi#gh-n‑h-diih v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Milhighninhdiih. ʘ^em

P‑ì‑yhìghe#n-h‑diih v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ ’ìyhìgheninhdiih. ʘ^ma

P‑k’i-na#d-d‑h-diih v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Muk’inadidusdiih. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mik’inaghdidehdiih. ʘ^em

‑k’àsè’ d-diih v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Muk’àsè’ dindiih. ‑‑‑‑Muk’àsè’ dindìì’ǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane gah k’àsè’ diidìì’.

P‑du-nu#dìì’ v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Woodunuts’isdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Khudunusidìì’. ‑‑‑‑Andreas dunusidìì’. ‑‑‑‑Yudunusidìì’.

P‑ku#d-d‑h-dìì’ v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Mukudidindiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yukudidèhdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Jìje kudidèhdìì’. For further example(s) of P‑ku#d-d‑h-dìì’ see tsoot (under nitsoodè’).

P‑elhe#n-ìì‑h-diih v. ‑‑‑‑Melhenìnhdiih. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì’ melhenììhdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Melhednàasdiilhe. ‑‑‑‑Melhenòòsdiihii.

cust ‑‑‑‑Melhets’inehdiih.

P‑k’ù#d-diih v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Muk’ùdindiih. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo muk’ùdindìì’. ‑‑‑‑Muk’ùdèesdìì’.

too ’èh ‑nè’ P‑k’ù#d-diih v. ‑‑‑‑Too ’èh nunè’ k’ùdindiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì too ’èh sunè’ k’ùdèesdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Too ’èh khunè’ k’ùts’idoodiihii.

du#w-n‑diih v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Mukè’ dawninhdiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsat’a ’èh nitsìì’ dawninhdiih. ‑‑‑‑Sitsìì’ dawnèehdìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ditsìì’ dawnèhdìì’, wìsdlii ghǫh.

too/twe#n-diih v. too‑ in perambulative; twe‑ in momentaneous. also ‑dįįh.

per ‑‑‑‑Gwudze, k’ìtoonindiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdà’è ’utune k’ìtoonindiih. ’Utune ’uwindleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo khǫhdìì gwudzè’ k’ìtoonisdiih. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii ’udoo k’ìtoonoosdiihìì wukaynuszų. ’Ah ’èh la sawute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìtoots’inudįįhii tl’ǫh khutl’àsùs sutun. ʘ^em

mom ‑‑‑‑’Ìdà’è twednèesdìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìnònè ’ujidèhya ’awdidìì’įį. Gwudze la twednìsdìì’.

P‑t’ù‑nu#d-D‑diih v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Labàt t’undindiih. Wìsdlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nulabàdè’ t’undindiih. ‑‑‑‑Nulasghwusha t’undiindìì’ǫ? ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì sulasghwusha t’undasdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Sulabàdè’ sùnunlèh. Mut’undoosdiihii. Tsuts ’udaslììlhe. ʘ^ma

dune yut’ùdidììdiihii n.

dìì’²

kwùn dìì’ pp. ‑‑‑‑Kwùn dìì’ ghidèhts’ii. ‑‑‑‑Kwùn dìì’ ’utsùn dint’ès. ‑‑‑‑Kwùn dìì’ nudnàdzulhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùn midìì’ sinda. ’Ìkwùdin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinla tazowe kwùn dìì’ susda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune yidìì’ khudii dude dut’ès ’elhèh, ’usba chowè’ wuyè, dube chowè’ wuyè.

dìì’³, dììh know

dur

dììh

dìì’

dììlh

dììh

P‑e#D-dììh v. (dur) [PA *na:#lə-nə’x^y-x. “remember” (L87)]

impf with 3sg object of postposition. (1s mesdììh, 2s miin‑, 3s ye‑, 1p mets’i‑, 2p mah‑, 3p meghi‑) ‑‑‑‑Mesdììh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda ’ahdììh. Tah’ine. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mindììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mindììhǫ? ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Mets’idììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sedììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sahdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kedììh ’uwììhsę. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode dune ’unèt’e all wesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wets’idììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kewidììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii ts’elę ’udoo mewidììhii joo nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑’Àt ’èh ’udoo kewidììh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kewidììh dzè’ k’oosdahìì wukaynuszų. ‑‑‑‑Jode keyiih wich’ila dune all ’esdììh. ʘ^ma

opt with k‑ areal object of postposition. (1s koosdììhìì, 2s koon‑, 3s koo‑, 1p kets’oo‑, 2p kewah‑, 3p keghoo‑) ‑‑‑‑Koosdììhìì wukaynuszun.

with sentential argument ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’utsùn tudnust’àsii ’esdììh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wus’ąhdze ’usgudzii ’esdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas Alec dàna ghùda’ąlhe kedììhǫ?

P‑i-nu#D-dììh v. ‑‑‑‑Kinundììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune sà’è dǫ̀ kidoonadìì’. ’Udoo kinawdììhii òòht’e. ʘ^ma

pf with k‑ areal object of postposition. (1s kinasdìì’, 2s kiniin‑, 3s kina‑, 1p kinuts’a‑/kints’a‑, 2p kinah‑, 3p kinugha‑) ‑‑‑‑Kinasdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ ’inasdìì’. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune minasdìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode ’iibèh kints’idììdedlii kinasdìì’. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kinawdììhii yòòht’e. ‑‑‑‑Sà’è dòh kinuts’adìì’. ʘ^ma

P‑i-nu#O‑h-dìì’ v. ‑‑‑‑Kinusiihdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Yinusiihdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Louie Andreas ’inusiihdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’inuniihdìì’a?

P‑i-doo-nu#D-dììh v. ‑‑‑‑Sidoondadììlhe. ‑‑‑‑Midoonts’idadììlhe. ‑‑‑‑Midoonts’oodììhii. ‑‑‑‑Kidoonaoodììhììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kidoonaoosdììhììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma [< ’udoo “not”]

impf with 3sg object of postposition. (1s midoonusdììh, 2s midoonun‑, 3s yidoonu‑, 1p midoonuts’i‑/midoonts’i‑, 2p midoonah‑, 3p midoonughi‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo midoonusdììh. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ mets’idììh. ’Udoo midoonts’idììh. Khupanè’ ’ulę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma ’udoo ’idoonahdììha? ʘ^ma

pf with 3sg object of postposition. (1s midoonasdìì’, 2s midooniin‑, 3s yidoona‑, 1p midoonts’a‑, 2p midoonah‑, 3p midoonugha‑) ‑‑‑‑Midooniindìì’ǫ? ‑‑‑‑Midoonasdìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo khudii khwùdè’ midoonasdìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii khuzàghè’ widudèhii kidoonadìì’. ‑‑‑‑Edna Andreas ’ìdighè dèhyade kidoonadìì’. ‑‑‑‑Midoonts’adìì’.

dį̀į̀de

P‑ts’i#d-h‑dį̀į̀de v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Kwùla mits’idèehdį̀į̀de. ‑‑‑‑Mama kwune Fort Grahame wits’ighdèhdį̀į̀de. Joohdè’ tùnaghdùsdetl.

diidiidiidii ono. ʘ^em noise of thunder. ‑‑‑‑Nàhtunii diidiidiidii dèjàh. ʘ^em

dįįdut’e num.

’iihts’è’ dįįdut’e, lhiihts’è’ dįįdut’e num.

dįįdze

‑dįįdze n. (w pr ‑dįįʹdze) ‑‑‑‑midįįdze ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Midįįdze kawdalųdza. ‑‑‑‑Sidįįdze duwacho. [PA *ni:ts^r’e’, ‑ni:g^ye’ “middle” (L87)]

tadįįdze n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla sa tadįįdze ghu’ąlh didòò.

dzenèes tadįįdze n.

Tadįįdze Mun pn. ʘ^ma

tadįįdzè’ nun n. ‑‑‑‑Tadįįdzè’ nun kaghe kuda nùzut.

diih n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑diihè’) ‑‑‑‑sidiihè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑diih sut’eii ‑‑‑‑Khudowa diih si’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Diih si’òòn ’ii tl’ǫh kuyidiis. ‑‑‑‑Diih kundiis. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sidiihè’ sudowa ’inht’ès. ʘ^ma

diih chow n. ʘ^ma (Dendragapus obscurus) ‑‑‑‑Diih chow yìdighè ’udii.

> diih biide “ruffed grouse” see under biit

> diih za “spruce grouse” see under za

dįįh¹, dun teach

dur

dįįh

dun

dįįlh

dįįh

P‑i#O‑h-dun v. (dur) k-i ‑‑> ke (optional); “don’t matter, either one”, MC. ‑‑‑‑Duzàghè’ kisehdįįh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kisinhdįįh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didòò dzenèes Nellie kidiinhdįįlhe dinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e kisidahdįįlhe. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of P‑i#O‑h-dun see ’į̀į̀h³ (under P‑ka k’ì#’‑O‑h‑’į̀į̀h).

pf (1s ’iihdun, 2s ’iinh‑, 3s ’iih‑, 1p ’its’iih‑, 2p ’ah‑, 3p ’ighghiih‑) ‑‑‑‑Kinukhiihdunǫ? ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kiniihdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koowiinhdunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas kisiihdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kisiihdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kints’iihdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koowahdunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kisighiihdun. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kikhighiihdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kekhighiihdun. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Ma kiniihduna? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas kiniihdun? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kighghiihdun. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Koowwiihdun. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kikhighiihdunǫ? ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kinighiihdunǫ? ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kinghiihdunǫ? ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kinukhighiihdunǫ? ʘ^ma

opt with k‑ areal object of postposition. (1s koosdįįhii, 2s koonh‑, 3s kooh‑, 1p kits’ooh‑, 2p koowah‑, 3p kighooh‑) ‑‑‑‑Edna koosdįįhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koosdįįhii wukaynuszun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koonhdį̀į̀hìì wukayniinzunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas Edna koohdįįhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna kits’oohdįįhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koowahdįįhìì wukaynahzunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila ’uwute’e kinoohdįįhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo koowoosdįįhìì wukaynuszun, sinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii wuwǫh ’udoo koowoosdįįhìì wukaynuszun. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of opt see ’èh.

with sentential argument ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ ’udoo tsuts dust’àsii ’èh kisehdįįh. ‑‑‑‑Mary Edna k’èbęhii ’ehdįįh. ‑‑‑‑Edna tsuts dut’àsii ’iihdun. Khǫhdìì kiihdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna tsuts dut’àsii ’iinhdunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary Edna tsuts dut’àsii ’iihdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna tsuts dut’àsii ’its’iihdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna tsuts dut’àsii ’ahdunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts dut’àsii ’ighghiihdun. Tsuts dehch’ilii joo ’ighghiihdun. ʘ^ma

dune kehdįįhii n.

pass ‑‑‑‑’Usk’ookàn ts’eh kesdun. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla shòwà’ kiindun. ʘ^ma

P‑i#(n‑)h-dun v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì yinèhdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna ’inèehdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo minèehdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Minìinhdun? Mik’ìts’indlii? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mits’inèhdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla sinèhdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Minèehdun ’ii ’èh ’udoo ’umawslehìì wukaynuszun. ‑‑‑‑Lhiih’èh kaghts’ììhlhahii kits’adun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį sinèhdun. Sik’èts’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udughinèehdun.

pass ‑‑‑‑’Udughisadun.

du-tsi#dįįh v. ‑‑‑‑Dutsiindįįhǫ? ‑‑‑‑Dàna ’ędii dutsisdįįh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dutsits’idįįh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dutsighidįįh. ‑‑‑‑Dutsiisdun.

caus ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune dutsisehdįįh. Muwǫh nìnesjit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune dutsighghehdįįh. ʘ^ma

dįįh²

P‑(i)da#y-n‑dįįh v.

impf with 3sg object of postposition. (1s midaynisdįįh, 2s midaynin‑, 3s yidayni‑, 1p midayts’ini‑, 2p midaynah‑, 3p midayghni‑) ‑‑‑‑Sukǫh kidaynidįįh. ‑‑‑‑Louie ’idaynindįįhǫ? ‑‑‑‑Ǫ, midaynisdįįh. ‑‑‑‑Midayts’inidįįh. ‑‑‑‑Dune daynidįįhii ’udoo kujììh. ‑‑‑‑Dune koodi’į̀į̀hde kidaynindįįhǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dune ’udaynidįįh. ‑‑‑‑Lhidayts’inidįįh. For further example(s) of impf see k (under k‑).

refl ‑‑‑‑’Ududaynisdįįh.

dììh¹

neu

dììh

dììh

dììlh

dììh

d-D‑dììh v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Disdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dusdììh. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Dindììh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Dindììhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dudììh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ didììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sitsìì’ didììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sutsìì’ didììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dasdììh. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ididììhats’ujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghididììhaghujàh. For further example(s) of d-D‑dììh see làh (under pf).

dist ‑‑‑‑Dune ’unèt’e naghdììdììh.

didììhii n. ‑‑‑‑’Ii didììhii la ’uyììlàh.

’uts’unè’ didììhii n.

wididììhii adv. ‑‑‑‑Wididììhìì ka’ìslhah. ʘ^ma

‑dzè#d-dììh v. ‑‑‑‑Mudzèdidììh. ‑‑‑‑Nughǫh sudzèdidììh. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ woowǫh sudzèdidììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla shòwast’e, ’udoo nudz`èdidììh.

P‑k’ì#(w‑)d-dììh v.

P‑k’ì#d-dììh: ‑‑‑‑Sitsìì’ k’ìdisdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siighǫ̀ǫ̀’ k’ìdisdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mik’ìdisdììh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wik’ìdindììh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane dubùt k’ìdidììh. ‑‑‑‑Muk’edalutde wik’ìdidììh.

P‑k’ì#w-d‑dììh: ‑‑‑‑Siilà’ k’oodidììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mik’oodidììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudzǫh wik’oodidììh. ‑‑‑‑Subùt k’oodidììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukechę̀’ ’udoo k’oodidììh. ‑‑‑‑Subùt joo k’oodidììh.

dììh²

neu

dììh

dììh

dììlh

dììh

dzi#d-dììh v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Dzidisdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sustę. ’Udoo dzidisdììh kutl’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ dzighdidììh. ‑‑‑‑Dzidindììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzididììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didòò kutl’e dzididasdììlhe. ʘ^ma

tse#d-D‑dììh v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Tsedisdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsedindììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda ghǫh tsedindììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsets’idadììh. ‑‑‑‑Tsets’ididadììlhe. ‑‑‑‑Tsets’idoodììhii.

dììh³

lh-dììh v. ‑‑‑‑Lhidììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ k’ula lhidììh. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè lhidadììlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzah lhidììh. ‑‑‑‑Lhidììhat’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè lhidììhayììlàh. ‑‑‑‑Suzawlhidììh. ʘ^ma [PA *lə-nə’x^y-x. “taste (thus), be tasty” (L87)]

lhidììhii, wilhidììhda n. ‑‑‑‑Wilhidììhda wuka sa’ììhlhah. ‑‑‑‑’Ii ts’òòdane muzawlhidììh. Lhidììhii màn’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

P‑gha#lh-dììh v. ‑‑‑‑Nalhidììhǫ? ‑‑‑‑Tii salhidììh. ‑‑‑‑Sawlhidììh.

dììh⁴

kà#d-dììh v. no perfective. ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ kàdidììh. ’Ìtsè’è nudèhtl’a. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh ts’è’ kàdidììh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii dupanè’ ghǫh midiìya. Yìtsè’è kàdidììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muts’è’ kàdisdììh. ‑‑‑‑Woodzèè’ didììh. Kàghdidììh. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune kàdinhdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kàsidinhdììh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune kàsidììhdììh. ʘ^ma

dììh⁵

dur

dììh

dììh

dììlh

dììh

P‑èkèh tl’oo#d-D‑dììh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Yèkèh tl’oodadììh. ‑‑‑‑Mèkèh tl’oots’idadììh.

dįįjè’

sa dįįjè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Sa dįįjè’ nùtsut. ‑‑‑‑Sa dįįjè’ ts’è’ wusdà’ìì wukaynuszun.

> ‑diik’èhdzè’ “according to one’s own wishes, on one’s own, in one’s own way” see under k’èhdzè’

diilh

P‑ghà#oo-n‑diilh v. ‑‑‑‑Dune màwoonadiilh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of P‑ghà#oo-n‑diilh see da² (under dune ghàghudaii).

dììl ripen

mom	diilh	dììl	dulh	diilh
prog	dulh

d-n‑ìì‑dììl v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Dinàdulh. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Dinììdiilh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dinììdììl. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Jìje dinàdulhe. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ninbę̀’. Dinòòdiilhii.

d-dììl v. ‑‑‑‑Wididììl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’wus didììlawìjàh.

> ‑dįįsdè’ “back at location” see under dè’⁴

diizude

P‑diizude p. ‑‑‑‑Sidiizude ’ant’e. ‑‑‑‑’Ònèsgòòh sidiizudant’e.

dǫ

dur	dį̀į̀h/dǫ	dǫ	dǫ̀lh/dį̀į̀lh	dǫ̀’
mom	dį̀į̀h	dǫ	dǫ̀lh/dįįlh	dǫ̀’
cust	dįįh

O‑D-dǫ v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Tii ’udǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dindį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udǫ. ’Udoo mukawdinh’ą. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’udǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghiindǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ghusdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhilìdiiyè’ ghahdǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ts’adǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì dilìdiiyè’ ghudǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì dighilìdiiyè’ ghadǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’ìnanììdǫ. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of O‑D-dǫ see k’eh (under P‑k’eh). [PA *də-na:ŋ^(w) “drink” (L87)]

ts’udǫii n. ‑‑‑‑Ts’udǫii sànkàh.

too ‑dǫ v. ‑‑‑‑Too ’udǫ. ʘ^ma

too ’udǫii n. (pl too ’udone) ʘ^ma

ku#O‑gh-d‑dǫ v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Sitiiyè’ kaghdèesdǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lùgàfii kaghdindį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lùgàfii kaghdèesdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii kaghts’idùsdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya kaghdiindǫa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune ’uskewa lhunughaghus. ’Uyii lìdii kaghghdùsdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sǫ lùgàfii kaghdoosdǫ̀’ìì. ’Ehdàà’ nudowa siihkǫ. ʘ^ma

P‑e#O‑d-h‑dǫ v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Medèehdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nedèhdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too yedèhdǫ.

P‑e#’-h‑dǫ v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ too ’e’usdǫ. ‑‑‑‑Lìdii me’iihdǫ. ‑‑‑‑Too tlįį ’edasdǫ̀lhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzenèes wèhzulii ghǫh ’ùkoo ts’òòdane too nùstlǫ me’iihdǫ.

P‑ghà#gh-D‑dǫ v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Màghsusdǫ gwuda siihkǫ. Ninii joo mehdàà’ nundǫ. ʘ^ma

P‑ghà#O‑gh-d‑D-dǫ v. ‑‑‑‑Dilìdiiyè’ joo sàghdùsdǫ. ʘ^ma

O‑d-n‑D-dǫ v. (s mom) no imperfective. ‑‑‑‑Jìje tòò’ dinèesdǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Udnùsdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya dinùsdǫa? Beer dinùsdǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’idnùsdǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Ughdnùsdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ughdinèsdǫ. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune ’ughdnùsdǫ. Wutsinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo ’uts’idnoodǫ̀’ii. ʘ^ma

dist ‑‑‑‑Naghdnùsdǫ.

P‑e#d-n‑D-dǫ v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Yednèhdǫ. ‑‑‑‑Lhès ’ednèehdǫ. ʘ^ma

dù#’-n‑D-dǫ v. (s mom) dù#+’ ‑‑> da. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn dùnùsdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Danèesdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo dunanèesdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dats’inùsdǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“Danèesdǫ” nèhniiǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo danasdįįlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo sǫ danoondǫ̀’ìì. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of dù#’-n‑D-dǫ see ’umà’ (under kwùla ’umà’).

Mets’inidįįh pn. ʘ^ma [< (perhaps) ‑dįįh “customarily drink”]

dǫ̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑Dǫ̀’ ’usììlàh. Dusbùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula dǫ̀’ dzah nùkhehsut. ‑‑‑‑K’ula dǫ̀’ yizèhkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula dǫ̀’ wizèhkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula dǫ̀’ wook’e’iighǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dǫ̀’ ’ukhììlàhii ’èh kwùdii ’ònè sighdèhtę. ʘ^ma

dǫ̀h, dǫ̀ sub. ‑‑‑‑Ya na’ute’a ninyeh dǫ̀h? ‑‑‑‑Dastsìdla dǫ̀h Fort Ware zǫh nusyeh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùditl’iit dǫ̀h, k’ìts’oot’àsii. ʘ^ma

’udàdǫ̀h adv. (pr ’uʹdàdǫ̀h) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udàdǫ̀h la kawììht’e.

dawdèesà’ dǫ̀h wh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawdesà’ dǫ̀ha ghidùsdedla? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawdèesà’ dǫ̀haghut’a? ʘ^ma

dosà dǫ̀h wh. ‑‑‑‑Dosà dǫ̀ha ’ìnònè ghidùsdedla? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dosà dǫ̀ha ’ìdighè ghidùsdedla? ʘ^ma

dedii dǫ̀ha wh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dedii dǫ̀ha dèhya?

sà’è dǫ̀h adv. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sà’è dǫ̀h ’umawii ’ìnesjit ghiilè’. ʘ^ma

’udoo sàdǫ̀h adv. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sàdǫ̀h lats’ut’e ghiilè’. ʘ^ma

kòòh dǫ̀h adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwuda la kòòh dǫ̀h teghe supanè’ ghùje si’òòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kòòh dǫ̀h kuda nidòòwè. ’Udoo kuda wìlę. ʘ^ma

tachǫh dǫ̀ n. ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh dǫ̀ di’òònà’ kayniizį̀į̀’.

kutl’e dǫ̀h, kutl’e dǫ̀ adv.

last night: ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dǫ̀h daghnilįįh.

in the morning: ‑‑‑‑Ninla ’wèdè’ kutl’e dǫ̀h ’ìdahdze lhudinyah ’elhèh. ‑‑‑‑’Ughàdzè’ ’unleh, kutl’e dǫ̀ mu’èh kwùts’ididòòhk’ǫ̀hii dowa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dǫ̀h tii ’udèdlàh. ‑‑‑‑Didòò kutl’e dǫ̀ dune ’ookèt dzè’ dasyalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didòò kutl’e dǫ̀h ’udawdìslah kutl’e too much (ts’ìì’ònè) duskwusii ’èh. ’Udoo shòwà’ sustę. ʘ^ma For further examples of in the morning see ’ììze; josh (under du(‑nu)#w-d‑josh); tlat (under prog).

tachǫh kutl’e dǫ̀h adv. ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh kutl’e dǫ̀h sàdnudzàts.

> kàhgàdǫ̀ “yesterday” see under kàhgà

> sà’è dǫ̀h wuts’eh “for a long time” see under ts’eh

don

‑donè’ n. (dim ‑donàa) ‑‑‑‑’udonè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑tsà’ donè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ ’udonè’ ’udèdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udonàa ’udèdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudonè’ yiih la mutune noowèh’ą. ʘ^ma

dòn

dur

dòn

dòn

dòn

dòn

nù#d-D‑dòn v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Yus nùdudòn. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yus nùdadòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yus nùdadon lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Yus nùdùsdòn. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of nù#d-D‑dòn see tlat (under mom⁴).

ts’-h‑dòna v. ‑‑‑‑Gòòle ’ah la ts’ehdòna. ‑‑‑‑Ts’oostsęhe ’ahè’ joo ts’ehdòna. For further example(s) of ts’-h‑dòna see kùlh (under n-kùlh).

du#h-dòna v. (prog) ‑‑‑‑Dahdòna. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane k’èbęh dahdòna. ʘ^ma

done

‑done n. (w) (dim ‑dona) ‑‑‑‑mudone ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudone wùsgwun. ‑‑‑‑Mudone k’ooduts’ùlh. ‑‑‑‑Mudona wùsgwun lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Nudone wik’oodidììhǫ? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑done see zow³ (under ku-nu#O‑n-D‑zow).

> ‑done khà’ “whiskers, beard, moustache, facial hair” see under gha²

dosà wh. ʘ^ma short form of dawdesà. ‑‑‑‑Dosà sudànà’ sùnawn’ą̀ha? ‑‑‑‑Dosà diinyalha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dosà lhiinyalha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dosà ’ìdighè ghidùsdedla? ʘ^ma

> dosà dǫ̀h “when (in the past)” see under dǫ̀h

dotiiye n. (pr dotiiʹye) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè dotiiye k’enutune. ‑‑‑‑’Ii wuts’eh yìdighè ts’elę gàh ts’a’às, wutl’ùs dotiiye wuts’è’.

Dotiiye Wuchow pn. ʘ^ma

Dotiiye Munè’ pn.

Kwùlą Dotiiyè’ pn. ʘ^ma

> Dot’àhii “Deadwater” see under t’àh¹

dowa

‑dowa n. (pr dowaʹ, sometimes doʹwa) ‑‑‑‑sudowa ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudowa diih kìisdiits. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla yudowa ’uyììlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudowa gwuda wìsinh’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Frankie ma dowa tsuts dehch’ila? Dudowa tsuts dehch’il. ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo, ’udoo yèda sudowa ’òòwììht’e. ‑‑‑‑Dudowa ’uwute’e kwududii. ʘ^em

‑dowa¹ sub. ‑‑‑‑Wustsudzii dowa la zèehkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koodoos’į̀į̀hii dowa gwudzè’ dèesya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas Louie kuda ka ’eh’ą, ’utsùn lhundoolehii dowa. ‑‑‑‑Muk’ànoostą̀’ii dowa nìis’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Suk’ǫ̀wawnt’e dowa nukaydnaszį̀į̀lhe. ʘ^ma Dependent verb unusually has optative prefix but not suffix. For further examples of ‑dowa¹ see dǫ̀h (under in the morning); k’àts² (under mom); t’àh² (under P‑t’àh).

> ‑dowa nì#O‑h‑’ą̀’ “make wait for” see under ’ą̀’²

> ‑dowa#O‑h‑’ii “do O a favor” see under ’įį³

> ‑dowa#t’e “wait for” see under t’e¹

> ‑dowa ’ì#t’e “seem like to” see under t’e¹

doo n. ‑‑‑‑Doo tah k’ìts’oodùlhii.

lhidoo n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhidoo tah nàsdzùt. ‑‑‑‑Lhidoo tah ghùje ’et’ǫ̀’ wìlę.

dòò¹

dòò det. ‑‑‑‑Dòò dzenii la Sììzii nìniiya. ‑‑‑‑Dòòlat’e. ʘ^ma

didòò det. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑didòò kutl’e dǫ̀ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didòò lat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didòò sut’ę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didòò nudasdalhe. ‑‑‑‑Didòò ’uk’èh wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Sà’è dǫ̀h la duzǫ ghiilè’. Didòò ’ute’ajàh. For further examples of didòò see dįįdze (under tadįįdze); zow¹ (under nù#d-zowa).

’ehdòò det. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ehdòò lat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze ’ehdòò dune k’èh wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ehdòò yitseh k’ègwuch lǫ̀. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’ehdòò see lǫ̀ (under imperfective verb).

dòòdazè adv. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dòòdazè k’e’int’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dòòdazè lat’e. ʘ^ma

dòòyazii adv. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dòòyazii sinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dòòyazii sintę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑dòòyazii wuts’è’ ʘ^ma For further example(s) of dòòyazii see yììh² (under nugu#(O‑)d-yììh).

dòòyazii exp.

dòòne det. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dòòne la widisyììhne laghiiht’e. ‑‑‑‑Dòòne la ts’òòdawa kesdįįhne laghiiht’e. For further example(s) of dòòne see ehdàne (under ‑ehdàne).

dòòwii det. ‑‑‑‑Dòòwii nudahda kooyè k’oodèya.

doowà det. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Doowà sintę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Doowà sahtets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Doowà lat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Doowà kuda k’èh’as lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑’Udàdǫ̀ doowà gat nidòòwè. Tl’owe zǫh wìlę.

dahdòò adv. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dahdòò ’ii lhoowe ’inht’ès. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dahdòò ’inleh. ʘ^em

> dòò dzene “today” see under dzen

dòò²

> P‑dòò‑nu#d-h‑kùt “patch P” see under kùt

> P‑dòò‑nu#d-h‑tl’un “glue P” see under tl’un

dòòdii adv. (pr dòòdiiʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dòòdii sǫ muk’àwnooslèsìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dòòdant’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too nìnhsiilh, dòòdii. ‑‑‑‑Dòòdii gwudze ghinyalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dòòdii k’e’int’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Dòòdii yǫh lhunatl’elh. ‑‑‑‑Dòòdii ’uts’ut’e da kwa satiiyawìjàh, jode. ‑‑‑‑’Ooh’une kwune, dòòdii ’aht’e. Nuts’idooghesii. ‑‑‑‑Dòòdii kachowa nats’atsèdii tl’ǫh tints’idùsdetl. [from TsK’]

dooh

> ‑doohghà’ “whiskers, beard, moustache, facial hair” see under gha²

doos elongated movement

conc	doos	dooz/doos	doos	doos
dur	doos	dooz	doos	doos
mom	doos	dooz	dus/doos	doos
per	doos	doos	doos	doos
neu	dooz			.
prog	doos

‑doos v. (mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè ghidoos. ‑‑‑‑Sits’èedoos.

per ‑‑‑‑K’èdoos. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè dìsdooz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàsidooz. ‑‑‑‑Kwedooz. ‑‑‑‑Tl’ùghush tinudooz lǫ̀.

d-doos v. ‑‑‑‑Sich’ìdè’ dìsdooz.

‑k’àsè’ n-doos v. ‑‑‑‑Muk’àsè’ ’ednèsdoos. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dunasidìnhteh da k’ulàzǫh suk’àsè’ nanidoos. ʘ^ma

chi#gh-n‑doos v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Sukè’ ch’ìdè’ chighnìsdooz. ‑‑‑‑Chights’inìsdooz. ‑‑‑‑Chighnoondoosii.

P‑ku#d-doos v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Sukudìsdooz.

na#O‑d-n‑doos v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs nadnidoos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duzè’ nadnìsdooz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo nasidnidoos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs gha’ììhlhahii ’èh naydnidoos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nadnèesdooz. ‑‑‑‑Naydnìsdooz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’àsè’ noondoos wuka k’e’int’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

P‑t’àh kù‑nu#’-doos v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Mut’àh kùna’indoos. ‑‑‑‑Di’òònà’ t’àh kùna’iidooz. ‑‑‑‑Nut’àh kundasdoose. For further example(s) of P‑t’àh kù‑nu#’-doos see gwą.

opt with 3sg object of postposition. (1s mut’àh kùna’oosdoosii, 2s mut’àh kùna’oon‑, 3s yut’àh kùna’oo‑, 1p mut’àh kùnats’oo‑, 2p mut’àh kùnawah‑, 3p mut’àh kùnawoo‑) ‑‑‑‑Mut’àh kùna’oosdoosii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mut’àh kùna’oondoosììt’è’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yut’àh kùna’oodoosììt’è’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mut’àh kùnats’oodoosii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mut’àh kùnawahdoosììt’è’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mut’àh kùnawoodoosììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma

‑doos v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Too dasu’ǫ nùnadooz. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla too nùnadooz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too yìtsè’è nadìsdooz.

caus ‑‑‑‑Too nanìihdooz.

P‑k’ù#O‑d-dooz v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Muk’ùnàadisdoos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane muk’àadiindoos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’àadasdoose. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii gat tsìdalà’ lhìisyìdzii ’èh muts’unè’ k’ùnadiisdooz.

dooz¹

d-dooz v. ‑‑‑‑Dichin didooz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts didooz. Dich’ìt.

tl’owe didoozii n.

dooz²

conc

dooz

dooz

dooz

dooz

(tu‑)nu#O‑D-dooz v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Kǫh nawindooz. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh tunawdasdooze. ‑‑‑‑Khukǫh tunawts’oodoozii. [cf. ‑doos “elongated movement”]

pf (1s tunaàwsisdooz, 2s tunaàwsin‑, 3s tunawìs‑, 1p tunawts’ìs‑, 2p tunaàwsah‑, 3p tunawwìs‑) ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì tunaàwsisdooz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tunaàwsindoozǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì tunawts’ìsdooz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tunaàwsahdoozǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sà’èt’è tunawìsdooz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tunawwìsdooz. ʘ^ma

doosa n. ʘ^ma [from Eng deuce ‑ ‑a diminutive]

doosdè’ det. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Doosdè’ dinyah. ‑‑‑‑Doosdè’ ghiinyalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ukà’ii wuts’eh doosdè’ lhunts’adùlh. ʘ^ma

> doosgaha “plain, unadorned” see under gaha

> doosghone “fur suit” see under gha²

doots ono. ʘ^ei the sound of a heavy object hitting the ground. ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ nàats’ut. Doots dèjàh.

d-h‑doodza v. ‑‑‑‑Dehdoodza. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Danùsdǫ ’èh dehdoodzàjàh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sulèè’ dehdoodzàjàh. ʘ^ma

n-h‑doodza v. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii chow niihdoodza. ‑‑‑‑Mary nìihdoodzàjàh. ʘ^ma

> doowà “around here, this way” see under dòò¹

dòòwè¹

n-dòòwè v. ‑‑‑‑Nidòòwè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudòòwè. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Miidìì’ nidòòwè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miidìì’ nidòòwajàh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of n-dòòwè see tseh (under tachǫh wutseh).

lhìghè’ nidòòwè num.

wuts’è’ n-dòòwè v. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda wuts’è’ nidòòwè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umuse zǫh kǫh wuts’è’ nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑’Ide wuts’è’ niisdòòwè. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è wuts’è’ ts’iniidòòwè. ʘ^em

P‑ghà n-dòòwè v. ‑‑‑‑Tii sughà nidòòwè. Tii sànlèh. ‑‑‑‑Dàna sughà nidòòwè.

O‑n-h‑dòòwè v. ‑‑‑‑Dàna nisdòòwè la tes’ine. ‑‑‑‑Ya ninhdòòwa? ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tlįį dèt’ę. Tlįį niihdòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Teh’ine. Yutsudzii niihdòòwè.

’-d‑dòòwè v. ‑‑‑‑’Udiidòòwè. ’Udoo yèda wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sughà ’udiidòòwè. For further example(s) of ’-d‑dòòwè see t’àh¹ (under P‑t’àh).

’udiidòòwè exp. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udiidòòwè, ’udoo tlįį dèt’ę. ‑‑‑‑’Udiidòòwè, ’udoo kidoonusdììh. ʘ^ma

dòòwè²

dòòwè sub. ‑‑‑‑Disch’ìdii dòòwè t’è’ la kudà’ ghìsda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uska nùsughwùdii dòòwè t’è’ la shòwooht’e. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of dòòwè see tl’a (under pf).

> ‑dòòwìì “back in general area” see under dè’⁴

dooyi

dooyi# vpf. (gh) ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè dooynuntl’à’. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii diih yì’ònè dooyidnaduts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ ’ìtsè’è dooyidnaduts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è dooyetl’a. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè dooynatl’a. ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è dooyints’atl’a.

> du# “straight up, up in the air” see under dah⁶

du¹

du-nu#D‑ vpf. (prog) ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ yìnosdè’ dunadlulh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Yìdakhwìì dunatlulh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of du-nu#D‑ see yeh‑.

du#d-ìì‑ vpf. (mom) occurs productively with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Sa ’ìdè’è dudìì’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Dudììts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dudìsts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudze la daghdìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo gwudzè’ duts’idììtlah. ʘ^ma For further examples of du#d-ìì‑ see ’ą¹ (under mom); zùs² (under tl’a#gh-d‑zùs).

Gǫ̀ze Dudìì’ą pn. ʘ^ma

> du#d-ìì‑ya/’ats/detl “sg./du./pl. (start to) dance” see under ya³

du²

> P‑du# “around P” see under dah¹

dù¹

dù# vpf. (n mom

mot¹ ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ dunyah. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mot¹ see khę̀l (under mom).

pf (1s dùniis‑, 2s dùniin‑, 3s dùnii‑, 1d dùts’inii‑, 2d dùnah‑, 3d daghnii‑) ‑‑‑‑Dùniisya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùniinyaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùniiya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùts’inii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnah’adzǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Daghnii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnètlah.

pf with nu# iterative and D‑ classifier. (1s dùnunus‑, 2s dùnuniin‑, 3s dùnunu‑, 1d dùnuts’inu‑, 2d dùnunah‑, 3d dùnaghnu‑) ‑‑‑‑Dùnunusja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnuniinjaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnunuja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnuts’inut’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnunaht’adzǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnaghnut’ats. ʘ^ma

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Dàynii’ǫ.

dù(‑nu)#d-ìì‑ vpf.

mot² ‑‑‑‑Too dùdììno. ‑‑‑‑Chaba dùnudììgèt. For further example(s) of mot² see tlat (under mom³).

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Dùnsidìnhtèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla dùnundììhtę. Hǫ, chè’, lhadzè’. ʘ^ma

ext ‑‑‑‑Lhoo tun dùdìì’ą. For further example(s) of ext see ya⁵ (under d-ya).

‑dù‑nu#d‑ vpf. (n

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Mudùnudìnin’ą̀h.

succ ‑‑‑‑Mudùnudnìinhdiis.

> dùdètǫ “door” see under tįį

dù²

dù# int. a, u variation; tonal alternations. only used in negative or interrogative sentences.

what: ‑‑‑‑Dàna dùnèt’e dunlàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Barbara ya dàh’įįa? ‑‑‑‑Ya dành’įįa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda dùs’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dayniinzą? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dayniinzų? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dayniinzuna? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Daynahzuna? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dunjàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dàhjàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune dùghujàha? ʘ^ma

how: For examples for how see tsį̀į̀’ (under impf); tsį̀į̀’ (under d-h‑tsį̀į̀’).

> dù#n-t’e “how many, much” see under t’e²

dù³

P‑dù#d‑ vpf. (gh mom) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sąs dùts’idu’às. ‑‑‑‑’Ide sąs dùdiisya. ‑‑‑‑Tse dùdats’udii ’èh muchowè’ lhetòn. ʘ^ma

> P‑dù#d-ya/’ats/detl “sg./du./pl. corner P, get to P just in time” see under ya³

dube n. (pr dubeʹ) ʘ^ma (dim dubazii) (Ovis canadensis) ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh dube k’ànustą. [PA *də-we: “mountain sheep” (KL)]

dube duk’ądza n. (Ovis dalli)

Dube Ts’elę pn.

duchin

> dichin “stick, bush, branch, woody plant, staff” see under dichin

duch’we n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Erethizon dorsatum) ‑‑‑‑Duch’we sis’òòn. [cf. ch’oh “quill”]

Duch’we Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

Duch’we Twè’ pn. ʘ^ma

> Duch’we Kę̀’ “unidentified mountain north of Lower Post” see under kę̀’

> duch’we tsònè’ “jelly bean” see under tsǫ̀’

dude n. (pr dudeʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^em (Marmota caligata) ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsè’è ’àtsǫǫ ts’è’ nudahlèh, dude. For further example(s) of dude see guy (under d-guy).

Dude Tsèè’ pn. ‑‑‑‑Duje Tsè’ ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

Dude Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

> dùdètǫ “door” see under tįį

> dùdzenutune “short-cut trail” see under tune

> (P‑)dùdzi# “cut off P, take short-cut (on P)” see under dàdzughe

dugii

> digii “swan” see under digii

duk’àyii n. ʘ^ma (Oncorhynchus gairdneri) ‑‑‑‑Duk’àyii salhidììh. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè mun k’eh dzè’ la George duk’àyii kunudah.

Duk’àyii Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

> duk’ule “bead, beadwork” see under k’ul

dugh¹ clothlike goes

mom	deh	dugh	dukh	deh
per	dukh	dukh	dukh	dukh
prog	dukh

D-dugh v. (mot) [PA *‑nəG “flat, flexible object moves independently, falls” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑Nudnadukh.

per ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ k’èdukh.

mom ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ nàadugh. ‑‑‑‑Tinudughii ’èh nusehtsul. Nudinhgwun. ʘ^ma

P‑e#d-h‑dugh v. ‑‑‑‑Ya k’eha ’utsììkhǫ̀’ ’edinhdeha? ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs k’eh ’utsììkhǫ̀’ ’eghdehdeh. ‑‑‑‑’Utsììkhǫ̀h ’uzùs k’eh ’edidasdiilhe. ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs k’eh ’eghdidahdukhe.

te#O‑dugh v. (mot

per ‑‑‑‑Edna k’ìtedasdukhe.

impf (1s k’ìtesdukh, 2s k’ìtiin‑, 3s k’ìte‑, 1p k’ìtets’u‑/k’itits’u‑, 2p k’ìtah‑, 3p k’ìteghu‑) ‑‑‑‑Kuda k’ìtesdukh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìtets’udukh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo kuda k’ìtits’udukh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudant’e, k’ìtiindukh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Frankie kuda k’ìtedukh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii joo k’ìtahdukh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Alec ’èh George ’èh kuda k’ìtighudukh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dloona k’ìtindukh.

mom ‑‑‑‑Tets’idèhdugh. ʘ^ma

dugh²

dur

diih

dugh

diilh

diih

O‑D-dugh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda yidiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ooh supanè’, k’ula sąs sadugh. ‑‑‑‑“Kwùsǫ ’uyii tsà’ ghudughii,” sèhnii. “Shòwà’” ’ìdisįį. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii mìsdzįįh khǫhdìì ’uyii gah ghudugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gah mìsdzįįh yadugh lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii mìsdzįįh ’uyii gah dadiilhe. ʘ^ma For further examples of O‑D-dugh see ghǫh (under ’udoo ghǫh); tsà’.

dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza wùsdugha n. ʘ^ma (Falco sparverius)

P‑e#w-d‑D-dugh v. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ’udoo mewdidiih lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sugahè’ ’ewdadugh. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì mewdadugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mewdoodiihììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma

dùgh swallow

mom

dèh

dùgh

dùkh

dèh

O‑d-h‑dùgh v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo shòwà’ ’udusdèh. ‑‑‑‑’Udèehdùgh. ‑‑‑‑Jìje dèehdùgh. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe chow widèhdùgh widii. [PA *ɬ-nə’q’ “swallow, choke” (L87)]

O‑n-h‑dùgh v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑K’ulàzǫh ’unusdèh. ‑‑‑‑K’ula ’unèesdùgh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sulèè’ k’ula la ’ujàh. ’Unèhdùghii ’èh k’ula la ’ujàh. ʘ^ma

> dughe# “curled up on the ground, to the ground” see under khe²

> dughu- “their (own)” see under d¹

dul¹

‑dulè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mudulè’ ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑K’ula mudulè’ wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Sitsįįh dulawujàh. ʘ^ma [PA *dəɬ “blood” (K05)]

lh-dule v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’utsùn k’udà’ lhudule. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii soonè’ lhudule. Miyìghe widutl’ò’. [compare McL/TsK’ dudul “it’s red”]

sąs dudulii n. [from McL/TsK’]

dul² toss pl

mom	diilh	dul	dulh	diilh
per	dulh	dulh	dulh	dulh
cust	dulh

O‑dul v. (clf-mot

mom ‑‑‑‑Duts’ùdè’ sits’idùsdul. ‑‑‑‑Ya ka jode dudahda ’ònè widùsdula? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑All ’ònè khighdùsdul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’utayghnììdul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe tsìì’ tiniisdul. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑Wùtsį̀į̀’da kawdindulh. ʘ^ma

’ònè ghidudulhii n.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìyudulh. ‑‑‑‑K’ìyadulh.

dų̀lh ono. ‑‑‑‑Silìdiiyè’ nudìstl’iidi ’èh sudzèè’ dų̀lh dèjàh.

dultsii n. (pr dultsiiʹ) ʘ^ma (Ptychocheilus oregonensis; Platygobio gracilis or Couesius plumbeus) [from Car dalsi]

dune¹ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (pr duʹne) (dim duna) ʘ^ma Dune is grammatically singular, but plural agreement (with gh‑) is also possible. [PA *də-ne: “person, people” (L05)]

man: ‑‑‑‑Dune tah ’ut’e da, dune ’ulę. (Yawdisk’ìsda)

person: ‑‑‑‑Doowà dune k’èdulh lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Prince George dzè’ dune dadùlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune ’esdììh, gwudzè’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune dudììhne woodowa tinuts’ididlii. ʘ^em For further example(s) of person see dè’⁴ (under ‑dìdze).

someone, anyone: ‑‑‑‑Dune k’ànhtą dè’, khuk’ǫ̀wawt’è’ ’ìdoonìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tus dah dune nùzut. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Dune k’ànhtą dè’, “suk’ǫ̀want’e” ’ìdoonìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kàhgàdǫ̀ dune lèè’ sulèè’ nùghìì’àtl. ʘ^ma

people: ‑‑‑‑Dune nitsį̀į̀’. Dzah k’eghit’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune zàghè’ koots’idi’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

> Dune za “Indian, First Nations, Aboriginal person” see under za

> dune tii “grown-up, adult, elder, leader” see under tii

> dune tetsune “onion” see under tsun²

dune²

P‑ts’u/ts’i#h-dune v. variant of P‑ts’u/ts’i#d-h‑dune.

impf (1s ‑ts’usdune, 2s ‑ts’inh‑, 3s ‑ts’eh‑, 1p ‑ts’its’eh‑, 2p ‑ts’ah‑, 3p ‑ghts’ehdune‑) ‑‑‑‑Muts’usdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nits’usdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mits’inhdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mits’inhdunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muts’ahdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yits’ehdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sits’ehdune. ‑‑‑‑Nits’ehdunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune ts’ehdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ghǫha mits’inhduna? ‑‑‑‑Mits’its’ehdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muts’ahdunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune mits’ighdehdune. ʘ^ma

opt ‑‑‑‑Mits’oonhdunènò. ʘ^ma

w-ts’u#h-dune v. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ wits’ehdune. ‑‑‑‑Wits’oohdunèsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode wits’usdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nughǫh wuts’usdune. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ woowǫh wits’usdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woowǫh woo’ędii wits’usdune. ʘ^ma

P‑ts’u/ts’i#d-h‑dune v. variant of P‑ts’u/ts’i#h-dune. ‑‑‑‑Sits’idehdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’ughdehdune. ‑‑‑‑Ma nuts’udehduna?

dunuga n. (pr dunugaʹ) ʘ^ma (Cornus stolonifera)

dus

P‑dusii p. ‑‑‑‑Sudusii ’ulę. ‑‑‑‑Khudusii wìlę. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Khudusii wìlę ’uwììjàh. ʘ^em

P‑ghadus p. ‑‑‑‑Sadus daduz. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin kaduz. Kǫh wadus ’aduz. For further examples of P‑ghadus see chow¹ (under impf); dą̀da (under compar).

duz n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc [PA *dədz “driftwood” (K05)] [cf. O‑duts “twist, wrap, pluck O”]

> Duz Yàh’ąde “log jam at 18‑mile on the Sifton Pass trail” see under ’ą²

> duz tsuts “dried driftwood used as firewood” see under tsuts¹

dusdulii n. (pr dusduʹlii) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (Catostomus catostomus or Catostomus macrocheilus) ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ la dusdulii tisehtę.

Dusdulii Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

> dusdlęha “red squirrel” see under dlęh

duzèlii n. ʘ^ma (pr duzèliiʹ) (Melanitta fusca or Melanitta perspicillata)

dut’ona

tehkahje dut’ona n. (Myotis lucifugus) [from McL/TsK’] [compare McL/TsK’ dut’onii “duck”]

Tehkahje Dut’ona Munè’ pn.

duts¹ twist

conc	duts	duts	duts	duts
mom	diis	duts	dus	diis
cust	dus

O‑duts v. [PA *O‑dədz “twist into rope, wind” (L87)] [cf. duz “driftwood, drift pile, log jam”]

conc ‑‑‑‑Yuduts. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’indudza? ‑‑‑‑Yùsduts. ‑‑‑‑Ghighùsduts. ‑‑‑‑Tl’oolh suduts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tl’oolh dasdudze. ‑‑‑‑Ts’oodudzii. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei

pass

Too Sududzii pn. ʘ^em

mom ‑‑‑‑Yinììduts. ‑‑‑‑Mudawnindiis. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii k’òòk mudawnùsduts.

cust ‑‑‑‑K’ednudus. ʘ^ma

mèh mìnudududzii n.

O‑h-duts v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Mats’idòòhdiisii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mats’idòòhdiisǫ? ʘ^ma

pf with 3sg object of postposition. (1s madnìihduts, 2s madnìinh‑, 3s yadnìih‑, 1p mats’idnìih‑, 2p madnàah‑, 3p maghdnìih‑) ‑‑‑‑Madnìihduts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii madnìihduts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Madnìinhdudzo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yadnìihduts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mats’idnìihduts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Madnàahdudzo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Maghdnìihduts. ʘ^ma

dist ‑‑‑‑Su’ahè’ mandèehduts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mumandèehduts. ʘ^ma

dù‑nu#O‑d-h‑duts v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑Dùnadnìinhdiis. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnadiinhdiis. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnadnàahdiis. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì dùnadnìihduts. ʘ^ma

cust

mu’èh dùnadehdusii n.

pass

mu’èh dùnadudusii n.

P‑dù‑nu#O‑d-h‑duts v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Edna Mary dadnìihduts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yudùnadnìihduts. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’èha mudùnadiinhdusa?

cust ‑‑‑‑Yudùnadehdus. ʘ^ma

lhì‑nu#d-h‑duts v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑Lhìnadninhdiis. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìnaàdinhdiis. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìnaàdnahdiis. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìnadnìihduts. ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ sutl’ǫh lhìnadnìihduts. ‑‑‑‑Nadnastęlhe. Lhìnadoohdiisìì t’è’.

cust

mèh lhìnadudusii n.

ku#O‑duts v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Kundiis. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Diih kudiis. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kayiiduts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Diih kiiduts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Diih kawsdiisii. ʘ^ma [PA *‑məǰ “pluck” (L87)]

’iihts’ii dus, ’iihts’ii dudzè’ n.

’iihts’ii dus: ‑‑‑‑’Iihts’ii dus nàatlah.

’iihts’ii dudzè’: ʘ^ei

too dudzii n.

tàdudzè’, too dudzè’ n.

Tàdudzè’ pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

Too Dudzè’ pn.

duts²

mom	diis	duts	dus	diis
per	dus		dus	dus
prog	dus

d-n‑duts v. (mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Ma nudnadusa? ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh lhundinadus.

per ‑‑‑‑K’idnudus. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza k’idnindusa? ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’idnindus. ‑‑‑‑Hok, kwùtah dune tah k’idnindus. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ighdnudus. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùtah k’ìnaghdnudus. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hok, hǫ, k’ìts’idnoodusii. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Yìnònè nuskidoo ’èh yàdnindiis. ‑‑‑‑Kwudnaduts. ‑‑‑‑Diih sech’à’ nidnììduts. ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, yàts’idnòòdiisii.

> Duwawdèya “area west of Factor Ross Cr., including Corina and Tomias Lakes” see under ya⁵

> duyazii “female game animal and offspring” see under yaz

DL

dlas

> dlas dehtàdla “marble” see under tàdla

dlat¹ yank

mom		dlat	.
per	dlòch		.

O‑h-dlat v. (mot

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìnehdlòjo? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of per see t’àh² (under P‑t’àhdzè’).

mom ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè khulèè’ tùts’ehdlat. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nisidììhdlat. ‑‑‑‑Kùsiihdlat. ‑‑‑‑Kwusiniihdlat. ‑‑‑‑Nùsiihdlat. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’ìnònè Alec dèhdlat. ‑‑‑‑Dubesè’ kìihdlat. ʘ^ma

lhi-nu#n-dlat v. ‑‑‑‑Wook’udzè’ lhinunudlat.

kwù‑sa#d-ìì‑dlat v. also su#. ‑‑‑‑Kwùsadììdlat. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Kwùsunudììdlat, lhǫ̀gwadinii. ʘ^ma

dlat², dlàt

tehdladè’, tehdlàdè’ n. [PA *dla:t’ “algae, moss” (K78:3)]

tehdladè’: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii mun tah tehdladè’ wìlę.

tehdlàdè’: ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

dle

dlechow n. (Neotoma cinerea) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dlechow ’in’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane dlechow k’èhtęh.

dlęh

dlęh dlęh ono. the sound of a squirrel chattering. ‑‑‑‑Dusdlęha “dlęh dlęh” ’èhnii.

dusdlęha n. (pr dusdlęʹha) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) ‑‑‑‑dusdlęha yąą̀dza, dusdlęha tsiiya ‑‑‑‑Gah kayniizunii gòòlii dusdlęha zǫh silòòh.

> dusdlęha yubà’ii “peanut” see under bà’²

dlèzhe n. (pr dlèzheʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Ursus arctos) ‑‑‑‑Dlèzhe yìdà’è too gàh k’ànustą.

dlii¹ cold

neu

dlii

dlìì’

dlììlh

dlìì’

‑dlii v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Sidlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudlii. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Wìsdliiawadììlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sisdlii. ‑‑‑‑Sidliiàjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wìsdlii da wuts’usdune. ‑‑‑‑Wudadlììlh noodlii. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei [PA *dli:, dlu: “be(come) numb with cold, freeze (to death)” (L87)]

dlii²

> P‑ts’è’ ti#O‑d-D‑lii “beg P for O” see under lii¹

> ti-nu#O‑d-D‑lii “pray O” see under lii¹

> (P‑’èh) ku-ti#ts’-D‑lii “worry (about P)” see under lii¹

> P‑soo#d-D‑lii “cater to P” see under lii¹

> te#gh-D‑lii “be arrogant, boast” see under lii¹

> P‑k’ì#ts’-D‑lii “like, love P” see under lii¹

> sòòch’à#d-D‑lii “be arrogant” see under lii¹

> ne#(d‑)d-oo-D‑lii “respect oneself” see under lii¹

dlii³

> P‑ì#d-D‑lii “sound like P” see under lii²

> dlòw ku#d-D‑lii “joke around” see under lii²

dlii⁴

> P‑ghù‑soo#d-D‑lii “eat small amount, bite of P” see under lii⁵

dloza

d-dloza v. ‑‑‑‑Dudloza. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn dudloza.

dlòw laugh

dur

dlòw

dlòw

dlòw

dlòw

dlòw n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑dlòwè’) ‑‑‑‑dlòw chow ‑‑‑‑Dlòw ni’į̀į̀h. For further examples of dlòw see khe¹ (under pf); sul (under zììla). [PA *dlʊ’q’ “laugh” (L87)]

d-D‑dlòw v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Dudlòw. ‑‑‑‑Dusdlòw. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dadlòw. ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii sǫ wǫh doondlòwìì wuka ladissįį. ʘ^ma

D-dlòw v. with postpositional object. ‑‑‑‑Sǫh ’udlòw. ‑‑‑‑Sèh ’udlòw. ‑‑‑‑Sughǫh meynììdlòw. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uska khǫh ’udlòw. ʘ^ma

recp ‑‑‑‑Lhiihghǫh ghidudlòw.

P‑k’e#’-D‑dlòw v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii ch’ila suk’e’udlòw. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo muk’e’indlòw.

te#d-D‑dlòw v. ‑‑‑‑Tedasdlòw.

‑dzèè’ i-nu#’-h‑dlòw v. ‑‑‑‑K’ula dudzèè’ ’ina’iihdlòw. ‑‑‑‑Nuba k’ula dudzèè’ ’ina’iihdlòw.

dlòw# inc.

> dlòw-è#H-da “sg. laugh while sitting” see under da³

> dlòw ku#d-D‑lii “joke around” see under lii²

> dlòw-e#d-H‑ts’ii “pl. laugh while sitting” see under ts’ii³

> dlòw-e#d-D‑ya “walk laughing” see under ya³

dlooda

‑dlooda v. ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ kunuwadlooda.

dasdlooda n.

dloodoosdàdza, dloodoosdą̀dza n. (Lemmus sibiricus) For example(s) for dloodoosdàdza, dloodoosdą̀dza see gòòlii.

dloodoosdàdza: (pr dloodoosdàdzaʹ) ʘ^ma

dloodoosdą̀dza: (pr dloodoosdą̀dzaʹ) ʘ^mc

dlòòlh

da#d-dlòòlh v. (prog) ‑‑‑‑Gòòtsiiye dadadlòòlh. ‑‑‑‑Dadasdlòòlh. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdawa daghdadlòòlh. ‑‑‑‑Tl’oolh ’èh dadadlòòlh. ’Ii tl’ǫh lhoowe kut’e. ʘ^ma

dloona n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑dloòna) ‑‑‑‑nidloòna ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yus kaghe dloona k’èh wìlę. [from Kas dluune, from PA *dlu’:n’e: “mouse” (KL))]

dloona chę̀’ n. ʘ^ma (Achillea millefolium) ‑‑‑‑Dloona chę̀’ ’inhbets ’ii tl’ǫh nuts’unè’ mu’èh nun’òts.

dlwązii n. ‑‑‑‑Dlwązii ’ustsudzii ni’į̀į̀h.

DZ

dzą̀dza

d-dzą̀dza v. ‑‑‑‑Tsììgha dudzą̀dza.

dzah adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzah nùsustę. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ts’ìì’ònè ’intsuts. Dzah nawntę̀’ììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kàhgàdǫ̀ nùdiihkhetl ’udoo dzah sustę. Shòwàghustę̀’. ʘ^ma For further examples of dzah see dììh³ (under lh-dììh); t’e¹ (under sa#t’è).

dzahdzè’ adv. ‑‑‑‑Dzahdzè’ dinyah. ‑‑‑‑Dzahdzè’ la dinii. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dzahdzè’ k’ets’oot’į̀į̀hii. ʘ^ma (Lord’s prayer)

P‑gha#dzah v. ‑‑‑‑Madzah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuts’è’ sadzah, ya ghǫha ’udoo kesdììh. ‑‑‑‑Madzah ’ìdisįį ’ii ’èh dukǫh dzè’ nudùsja. ‑‑‑‑“Tììyè’ sadzasighììlàh,” woowèhnii. ‑‑‑‑Dadzajàhii ’èh mudzèè’ didììh. ’Udoo ’awt’è’ìì ’òòht’e. ʘ^ma

dza#d‑ vpf. (gh mom) occurs with succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè dzadiis’òòn. Diih ghànàyiis’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Dzadustàs. ’Uyii diih ghayiihtàts. Ninii joo ’unleh.

dza#w-d‑n‑ vpf.

mot ‑‑‑‑K’ìdzawdnudah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìdzawdnusdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìdzawoodnudùlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila k’ìdzawdnutl’eh. ʘ^ma

> P‑ts’è’ dza#h‑’ǫ “be mean to P” see under ’ą¹

> dza#O‑h‑’įį “wrong O, do O wrong” see under ’įį³

> dzah P#oo-d‑d-get “be in poor condition” see under get

> dza#jàh “do poorly, be in poor shape, get hurt in accident” see under jàh

> dza#O‑làh “wrong O, do wrong to O” see under làh

> dzah nù#zut “suffer, work hard continuously” see under zut

> dza#t’e “wreck, vandalize” see under t’e¹

> P‑gha-dza#t’e “irritate P, make P cranky” see under t’e¹

> (P‑ghǫh) dza-yi#‑d-t’ę “be jealous, crooked, cranky (of P)” see under t’ę²

> dza#w-d‑n-H‑tlah “stagger” see under tlat

dzą̀h

‑dzą̀h n. ‑‑‑‑’udzą̀h ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mudzą̀h ʘ^ma

dzàt

‑dzàdè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mudzàdè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑nudzàdè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kuda zinhkhe dè’, mudzàdè’ suts’è’ nìdoontǫ̀’ii. ‑‑‑‑Mudzàdè’ ’umanleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudzàdè’ joo ’edinhch’il. ʘ^ma [PA *dz^ra:de’ “lower leg, shin” (K05)]

‑dzàdàa (ts’unè’) n. ‑‑‑‑’udzàdàa ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udzàdàa ts’unè’ la ta’ulèh. ʘ^ma

> ‑dzàdè’ ch’ìdè’ chow “calf muscle, Achilles tendon” see under ch’ìdè’

dzàts

> nù#d-D‑zis “snow falls” see under zis

dze [cf. widzįįh “caribou”]

Wudze Tl’ow pn. ʘ^ma [< widzįįh tl’ow]

Wudze Tl’ow Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

Wudze Tl’ow Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

dzè’ adv. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma adverbial emphatic particle. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè tse tl’ah dzè’ la dèhdzùt. ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh dzè’ dude ka k’ìdasdalhe. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe kaoot’è’ dzè’ dèhya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie kǫh dzè’ dasyalhe. K’udà’ sǫ dùsdaghè’ sudà. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Fort Ware dzè’ ’ughujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Fort Ware dzaghujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sucha Damie dune ’èh Long Lake dzè’ dichin tah k’èdah. For further examples of dzè’ see ch’ǫ̀ (under P‑ch’ǫ̀); ì¹ (under P‑ì#); jàh (under dur). [< gwudzè’ “there”]

dzè’¹ sub. ‑‑‑‑Nawahtsuts dzè’ nudahdèl, ts’òòdawa kwune. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of dzè’¹ see ni¹ (under refl).

> dzahdzè’ “badly, wrong” see under dzah

> dzèsǫ “maybe there” see under sǫ

> P‑t’àhdzè’ “by means of, with P (instrument)” see under t’àh²

> P‑yiihdzè’ “under, below P” see under yiih

dzeh

> ‑dzehts’ę̀’ “brisket, breastbone, sternum” see under ts’ę̀’²

> ‑dzehts’ų̀’ “brisket, breastbone, sternum” see under ts’un

dzèh¹

dzèh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑dzèhè’) ‑‑‑‑Dzèh ghidnu’àl. ʘ^ma [PA *ǰe’:x. “pitch” (L87)]

> dzèh tl’unè’ “soft pitch, pitch gum” see under tl’un

dzèh²

tse dzèh n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse dzèh ’oonejit. ‑‑‑‑Tse dzèh dįįdze ’usba nùzut. ‑‑‑‑Tse dzèha k’eh nùszut. ‑‑‑‑Tùnudèestl’a yìdighè. ’Ii tse dzèh tsìdah tunsustl’a.

dzehlada adv. (pr dzehlaʹda) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Dzehlada dèkawint’a? ‑‑‑‑Dzehlada kǫh ’awdis’įį da sawute’e.

> Dzehtsudla “mountain to north of Ridgeway L.” see under tsìtl

dzegh

‑dàhdzeghè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mudàhdzeghè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudàhdzeghè’ wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii sulèè’ mudàhdzeghè’ wìlę. ʘ^ma

dzen day

dzenii, dzene, dzenèes n. (w) [PA *dz^re:n “day” (L87)]

dzenii: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzenii susda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khuye da dzenii duwagwùda. ʘ^ma

dzenèes: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzenèes ts’idèhts’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzenèes mawute’e. ‑‑‑‑’Iibèh da dzenèes duwaduz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dzenèes sintę. Nidìnyah.

dzenèes wuchow n.

Dune za dzenèes n.

didòò dzenèes adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didòò dzenèes dùdiindììlha? Kùdiindiilh? ‑‑‑‑Didòò dzenèes ’udoo yèda dèdas’į̀į̀lhe.

’ehdòò dzenèes adv. ‑‑‑‑’Ehdòò dzenèes duwazulha ’òòwììht’e?

dòò dzene adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dòò dzene la lhundadalhe, Quesnel wuts’eh.

lhèh dzene de adv. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Lhèh dzene de k’ìts’oot’àsii. ʘ^em

> Dìmos dzene “Sunday” see under dìmos

> dzenèes tadįįdze “noon” see under dįįdze

dzezįįh n. (pr dzezįįʹh) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Cervus elaphus) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’wèdè’ dzezįįh k’ànustą.

dzèzǫh, dzezǫh n.

dzèzǫh: (pr dzèzǫʹh) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudzèzǫh nuk’wus lhìsintl’ǫǫ.

Dzèzǫha prsn. ʘ^ma nickname for Joe Poole.

Dzèzǫha Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^lt

dzezǫh: (pr dzeʹzǫh) ʘ^mc ʘ^ma

dzèsoolh

‑dzèsoolh n. (pr ‑dzèsooʹlh) ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑mudzèsoolh ʘ^ma [PA *‑zu:l “be hollow, make hollow noise” (L87)] [< dzè “heart” +soolh “empty”]

> ‑dzezų̀lh “collarbone” see under sų̀lh

dzę̀tl

conc

dzę̀tl

dzę̀tl

dzę̀tl

dzę̀tl

O‑h-dzę̀tl v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Sudowa ’uk’a ’ìnhdzę̀tl. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’uk’a siihdzę̀tl. ‑‑‑‑’Uk’a siihdzę̀dlii ghustsèt. Nèesdzį̀į̀tl. ʘ^ma

dzèè’

‑dzèè’ n. ‑‑‑‑nudzèè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑nukhudzèè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudzèè’ nàats’ut. ‑‑‑‑Nudzèè’ ’ute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudzèè’ ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑Mudzèè’ k’ìna’ìnja? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas dzèè’ k’ìna’ìnja? ʘ^ma [PA *‑dz^re:ye’ “heart” (K05)]

’Udzèè’ Tsè’ pn.

’Udzèè’ ’Òòht’ą pn. ʘ^ma

Dune dzèè’ nuzǫǫde dzenèes n.

sa dzèè’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Sa dzèè’ dè’èhniia? ʘ^ma ʘ^ei

too dzèè’ n. ʘ^ma (Podiceps auritus or Podiceps nigricolli)

dzè inc.

> ‑dzèè’ kù#’ą “make mad, piss off” see under ’ą¹

> ‑dzè#d-dììh “be sad, sorry, worried” see under dììh¹

> ‑dzèè’ i-nu#’-h‑dlòw “laugh one’s heart out” see under dlòw

dzi

> kù‑nu-dzi#d-D‑dìì’ “revive, come to” see under dii²

> dzi#d-dììh “be awake” see under dììh²

dzìg

dzìgì# vpf. (n mom

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Gwudze dzìgìts’oo’ą̀hii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudze dzìgighghn`iitǫ. ʘ<sup>ma</sup> ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ dzìgighghn`iitǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tsuts gwudze dzìgintį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudze dzìgintį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’oosà’ gwudze dzìgin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

dzìgi# vpf. (n mom

mot ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ dzìgahdèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudze dzìginyah. ʘ^ma

Dzigidiin pn. ʘ^lt ʘ^lt

dzis

> nù#d-D‑zis “snow falls” see under zis

dzìts

> mèh ’unidzìdzii “lacing” see under yhìts²

dzìì’

‑dzììì’ n. (w) ‑‑‑‑sidzììì’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑sudzììì’ ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Sidzììì’ wughwùsa. ‑‑‑‑Midzììì’ winidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Sudzììì’ wududììh. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Sudzììì’ wuk’oodudììh. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Didzììì’ wuts’ùt. ‑‑‑‑Didzììì’ noohtèhììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didzììì’ nidahtelhe. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑dzììì’ see t’e¹ (under sa#t’è).

dzì#w-n‑ vpf. (gh

succ ‑‑‑‑Midzòoniihgwutl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Midzìnawniihgwutl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzòoniihkhul. ‑‑‑‑Yidzòòniihkhul. ‑‑‑‑Yidzòòniihbììch. For further example(s) of succ see khul² (under O‑h-khul).

> ‑dzììì’ tl’unè’ “ear wax” see under tl’un

dzįįlha

tsìsdzįįlha n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune tsìsdzįįlha ’ulę. ʘ^ma

dzį̀į̀s

sem

dzį̀į̀s

dzį̀į̀s

dzį̀į̀s

dzį̀į̀s

dzį̀į̀s n. (psd ‑dzį̀į̀sè’) ‑‑‑‑midzį̀į̀sè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzį̀į̀s tin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzį̀į̀s too wah’ǫ̀’ìì t’è’.

O‑h-dzį̀į̀s v. (sem) ‑‑‑‑Chaba siihdzį̀į̀s. ‑‑‑‑Sudowa chaba ’ìnhdzį̀į̀s.

dzįįt

‑dzįįdè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Diih dzįįdè’ lhidììh. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo diih dzįįdè’ dinbets. ʘ^ma

‑nisdzįįdè’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Unisdzįįdè’ lhidììh.

> ‑dzįįdè’ k’èh “belly button, navel” see under k’èh

> ‑dzįįdè’ tl’oolh “umbilical cord” see under tl’oolh

dzį̀į̀tl¹

dur

dzį̀į̀tl

dzį̀į̀tl

dzį̀į̀tl

dzį̀į̀tl

nu#O‑dzį̀į̀tl v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Too nundzį̀į̀tl. ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’èkèh too niisdzį̀į̀tl. [PA *‑dz^rəRədl “bail” (KL)]

dzį̀į̀tl²

O‑n-dzį̀į̀tl v. [cf. dzę̀tl “render fat”]

conc ‑‑‑‑’Uk’a nèesdzį̀į̀tl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ughę̀’ nèesdzę̀tl.

dzǫh

‑dzǫh n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Sudzǫh wididììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gah dzǫh sa’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑Ts’iihyòòwè yudzǫh bes ’èh ’utaydiigèt. For further example(s) of ‑dzǫh see tlugh (under O‑h-tlugh).

dzǫtl n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzǫtl zǫh, dzǫtl ’ulę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii too dzǫtl ’ulę. Nitsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wutl’ùs ts’eh too dzǫtl ’ulę. ʘ^ma

dzots

sem	dzos	dzos	dzos	dzos
mom	dzos	dzots	dzos	dzos

O‑h-dzots v.

sem ‑‑‑‑Gah ’ìnhdzos. ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ sehdzos. ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ ts’idòòhdzosii. For further example(s) of sem see y (under null).

mom ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ lhutaghdèhdzots, taghdèhdzots. ‑‑‑‑Mugadèehdzots. ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ k’edziihdzots. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ k’ets’oohdzosii.

dzow

> (ti‑)nu#w-D‑zow “sweep” see under zow⁴

dzòw

mom	dzòòh	dzòw	dzòlh	dzòòh
per	dzòh	dzòh	dzòh	dzòh
prog	dzòlh

‑dzòw v. (mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Yech’à’ nadzòlh.

per ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii k’ìts’udzòh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sąs ’ech’à’ k’èsdzòh.

mom ‑‑‑‑Dindzòòh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è ts’idùsdzòw. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dusbùdii ghǫh ’ìdà’è dèesdzòw. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèesdzòwii ’èh sayii’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Nech’à’ dùsdzòw. ‑‑‑‑Tùdèesdzòw. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tunudèesdzòw. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sąs ’ech’à’ tinusdzòw. For further example(s) of mom see dzòw (under mom).

dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza n. (pr dzǫ̀ǫ̀dzaʹ) ʘ^ma (psd ‑dzǫ̀ǫ̀dzà’, ‑dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza) ‑‑‑‑nidzǫ̀ǫ̀dza ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza moonelęii k’ànustą.

khuye widzǫ̀ǫ̀dza n. ʘ^ma

nàhtunii dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza n. ʘ^ma (Sialia currucoides)

tse k’eh widzǫ̀ǫ̀dza n. (Zonotrichia atricapilla)

yus k’eh widzǫ̀ǫ̀dza n. ʘ^ma

> dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza wùsdugha “American kestrel” see under dugh²

> dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza wùstsudza “American kestrel” see under tsuts²

dzugh

‑dzughè’ n. (dim ‑dzughàa) ‑‑‑‑mudzughè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Mudzughàa ’ute’e. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudzughè’ lhetun. ‑‑‑‑Mudzughè’ katun. [PA *‑ǰəɣ.‑e’ “ear” (K05)]

‑dzughè’ ghǫh sulaii n.

dzugh# inc. For example(s) for dzugh# see ts’ii³ (under dzugh-è#d-H‑ts’ii).

> dzugh-è#H-da “sg. listen while sitting” see under da³

> ‑dzughè’ tl’oolh “earmuffs” see under tl’oolh

> dzugh-è#d-H‑ts’ii “pl. listen while sitting” see under ts’ii³

> dzugh-e#d-D‑ya “walk listening” see under ya³

dzuz

ti#n-h‑dzuz v. ‑‑‑‑Munè’ tiniihdzuz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mulagǫ̀’ tiniihdzuz. ‑‑‑‑Mukǫh tooniihdzuz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑T’ès ’èh munè’ tiniihdzuz. ‑‑‑‑Tiniihdzuza. ‑‑‑‑Tooniihdzuz ’awwìdlàh. For further example(s) of ti#n-h‑dzuz see ch’ǫ̀ (under P‑ch’ǫ̀).

dzùt hunt

cont	dzùt	dzùt	dzùt	dzùt
mom	dzììt	dzùt	dzùlh	dzììt

‑dzùt v. (cont) ‑‑‑‑Nùdzùt. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùsdzùdii ’esdììh, ’ii ghǫh la dǫ̀’ sizèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑Nùdzùt wuts’eh nadalh. ‑‑‑‑Kuda ka nùsudzùt. ’Udoo yèda wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Sinii nùdasdzùde. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka nàwoodzùda? ʘ^ma

dune nùdzùdii n. (pl dune nùdzùtne)

d-dzùt, d-H‑dzùt v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Deèdza dèhdzùda? ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è sǫ dèhdzùdìì. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè la dùsdzùt. ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è dasdzùde. ‑‑‑‑Ts’idoodzììdii. ʘ^ma

E

e¹

‑e vsf. future suffix. ‑‑‑‑Too diindǫ̀lhe.

e²

P‑e#n-ìì‑ vpf. P‑i before iterative nu#/na#. ‑‑‑‑Minanììtsun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Menììtsègh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùlą ghǫh khenììtsègh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ’enììgwun. ’Utsùn dugwun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’utsùn menììgwun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dòòdii ’unt’e. ’Utsùn ’enììhjit. ʘ^ma For further examples of P‑e#n-ìì‑ see dèh (under opt); yhin (under D-yin); yhòtl (under ìì‑yòtl).

P‑e#n-ìì‑¹ vpf. ‑‑‑‑Menììhyhìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Faye ’utsùn ’eynììhgwun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’àseniinlòò’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mets’inììtsèt. For further example(s) of P‑e#n-ìì‑¹ see dǫ (under O‑D-dǫ).

ech’à’

‑ech’à’ n. ‑‑‑‑Kuda yech’à’ tudèhtl’a. ‑‑‑‑Dech’à’ naynèh’į̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Nech’à’ daslelhe. ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’èh widzįįh yech’à’ tudèhtl’a, gwudzè’ ’utune. ‑‑‑‑Sech’à’ nùni’į̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Mech’à’ ’ì’ònè ’unt’e. For further examples of ‑ech’à’ see ’įį⁵ (under caus); tsat’a.

‑ch’ù# vpf. ‑‑‑‑’Ii yutsudzii yuch’ùdìì’ǫ. ʘ^ma For further examples of ‑ch’ù# see ’įį⁵ (under impf); ’įį⁵ (under caus); ’įį⁵ (under caus); da³ (under ’usanii ’-d‑H-da).

> w-ech’à#O‑d-nii “warn O” see under nii¹

èh

‑èh n. less common than ’èh. For examples for ‑èh see gèt (under O‑D-gwut); gus (under O‑guts); ts’eh (under sà’è wuts’eh); ya³ (under per). [PA *P‑@’tl’ “with P” (K05)]

khèh dune n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Teh’ine ’uyii, khèh dune ’ulę la. Muk’ǫ̀want’e. ʘ^ma

kèh adv. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn kèh zǫh ghìsda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tii kèh zǫh nidòòsyà’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn kèh sǫ wùsdà’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii ’udoo ’utsùn kèh sǫ wùsdà’ìì. Sudowa witsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tii kèh sǫ wìsdà’ìì. ʘ^ma

> mèh kii’edla “two-year-old beaver” see under ’etl

> mèh ’ugùdzii “stick for wringing out hide” see under gùts

> tse mèh ’uts’uk’àsii “whetstone, file” see under k’àts¹

ehdàne

‑ehdàne n. (pr ‑ehdàneʹ) ‑‑‑‑mehdàne ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dehdàne k’ìts’idlii. ‑‑‑‑Dòòne la sehdàne kwune laghiiht’e. ‑‑‑‑Sehdàne ghììhchòòt.

ehdàà’

‑ehdàà’ n. variant of ‑ehlàdè’. ‑‑‑‑’Ehdàà’ sudowa sinhkǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ehdàà’ nudowa gwuda siih’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màghsustsèt. Didinii joo yehdàà(’) natsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ehdàà’ ’ììhchòòt. Sinii kwùdii katsìdla ’ììhchòòt. For further examples of ‑ehdàà’ see dǫ (under ku#O‑gh-d‑dǫ); tsuts² (under ku#O‑gh-d‑tsuts).

ehlàdè’, ehlàde

‑ehlàdè’, ‑ehlàde n. variant of ‑ehdàà’.

‑ehlàdè’¹: (pr ‑ehlàʹdè’) ‑‑‑‑’ehlàdè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’intsudzi ’ehlàdè’ sàn’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Ehlàdè’ ’ììhchòòt. ‑‑‑‑’Eht’ǫ ’ehlàdè’ sànlèh. ‑‑‑‑’Ahtsudzii ’ehlàdè’ khàhlèh. ‑‑‑‑’Ehlàdè’ sudowa sinhkǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ehlàdè’ gwa nudowa siih’ǫ. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑ehlàdè’¹ see dǫ (under P‑ghà#gh-D‑dǫ).

’ehlàdène, ’ehlàdè’ kwune n. ‑‑‑‑’Ehlàdène wook’e’atun. ‑‑‑‑’Ehlàdè’ kwune k’e’atun.

‑ehlàde: ‑‑‑‑mehlàde ʘ^mc

> ‑èhlhìghè’ “friend, spouse (husband, wife), partner” see under lhìghè’

ehtus

‑ehtusè’ n. (se’tise’ “my older or younger sister, my female cousin” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑mehtusè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune la sehtusè’ kwune laghiiht’e. [from Car]

èkèh

‑èkèh, ‑èkè# n. (w) For example(s) for ‑èkèh, ‑èkè# see tl’a (under per).

‑èkèh: ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ ’èkèh tii ’inhbets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ ts’awèt ’èkèh su’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį ’oosà’ ’èkèh wehts’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’à’ ’èkèh me’inhtsuts. ‑‑‑‑Too nutolàa ’èkèh tùdinhmun.

’ulà’ ’èkèh kǫh n.

dèkèh adv. ‑‑‑‑Dèkèh kùdinyah. ’Ìdighè tùsinyah.

‑èkè#: ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’èkèsinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wèkèghiidetl. ʘ^ma

P‑ìkì# vpf. (gh mom) variant of ‑èkè# at normal rate of speech.

mot ‑‑‑‑Ma ’ìkinyah? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sìkighdadùlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“Ma ’ìkìts’oodèla?” “NT Air ’èkèh”

pf (1s ’ìkìis‑, 2s ’ìkìin‑, 3s ’ìkìi‑, 1p ’ìkìts’ii‑, 2p ‑, 3p ’ìkìghii‑) ‑‑‑‑Prince George ts’è’ dune ’ìkìisya. ‑‑‑‑Mìkìts’ii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas ìkiisya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Alec ’ìkiisya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mìkiisya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wìkiisya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wìkìts’iidetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Selà’ ’ìkìghiidetl. ‑‑‑‑Wìkìghiidetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sìkìghiidetl. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Kuda selà’ ’ìkìniihtę.

dìkì# vpf. (gh

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Kuda dìkìnìihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda dìkints’iihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo kuda dìkints’iihtę la. Gwudzè’ yìdà’è Beaver Path kooyè mutùnuts’ehkę. ‑‑‑‑Dìkighghiitǫ? ʘ^ma

mot ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo dìkinyah. ‑‑‑‑Dìkìnundah. ‑‑‑‑Dìkìghiidetl. ʘ^ma

> mèkèh ’uts’idèht’ǫii “refrigerator, freezer” see under ’a

> P‑èkèh tl’oo#d-D‑dììh “wipe inside P” see under dììh⁵

> mèkèh ts’iduzę̀hii “spit pot” see under zę̀’

> dune mèkèh kùduyahii “toilet” see under ya³

esdąhdzè’, esdęhdzè’

‑esdąhdzè’, ‑esdęhdzè’ adv. [cf. ’usdęhdzè’ “just, merely”]

‑esdąhdzè’¹: ‑‑‑‑wesdąhdzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mesdąhdzè’ susda. ‑‑‑‑Khesdąhdzè’ tudèhtl’a. ‑‑‑‑Sesdąhdzè’ nin’ą. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo tlįį joo ’įįhnadze kwùn dasè’ koots’ìstl’ǫǫ. ’Ii ’èh mesdąhdzè’ nunèestę. ‑‑‑‑Shòwaht’e sesdąhdzè’ nah’ą. Sinii joo nukhesdąhdzè’ wus’ą̀’ii. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sesdąhdzè’ nin’ą. Suts’è’ nin’ą. For further example(s) of ‑esdąhdzè’¹ see ya³ (under cust).

‑esdęhdzè’: ‑‑‑‑Kwùn ’esdęhdzè’ sutę. ʘ^em

èsgòòh

‑èsgòòh advsf. moving in direction. For examples for ‑èsgòòh see ’ąh² (under P‑e#d-n‑’ąh); chè’; dà’² (under ‑dà’è); dah⁶ (under ‑dahdzè’); dè’⁴ (under ‑dè’è); digh (under ‑dighè); diizude (under P‑diizude); gwudze; nòn² (under ‑nònè); t’aghdzè; tsè’ (under ‑tsè’è).

èskèh

P‑èskèh p. ‑‑‑‑Dughwus ’èskèh yootòn.

eskèghe

‑eskèghe n. (dim ‑eskègha) variant of ‑uskèwe. (seskege “my children” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑meskèghe ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Seskèghe ’ìdàdzè wuts’eh kunughadats. ‑‑‑‑Khwudighe kwune weskèghe jo nùghude. ‑‑‑‑Seskèghe dowa nadast’èse. ʘ^ma [PA *š(ə)‑qe: “child” (L87), with epenthetic initial vowel] [cf. ’uske “teenage boy”, also from this root]

èt’è’

> ‑ììt’è’ see under ììt’è’

G

ga

P‑ga#d‑ vpf. (s mom) attaches to succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑Du’ejè’ ’udugadèhch’il. ‑‑‑‑Mugadèes’èts. ‑‑‑‑Yugadèhyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Mugadèes’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Mugadèehtàts.

> ‑ga#w-d‑le “undress” see under la²

gà’, gah light

mom

gah

gà’

galh

gah

d-ìì‑gà’ v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Nawdììgah. ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ dììgà’. ‑‑‑‑Gah nudììgà’. ‑‑‑‑Nawdììgà’. ‑‑‑‑April la kwùla khudii nawdììgahanuwìt’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudone tunawdùsgà’. ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh kwùjoo nunèestę. Nawdììgà’ìì khwùdè’ ts’inunusdzut.

gą̀ch

‑gą̀jè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Nugą̀jè’ dìsjit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlįį gą̀jè’ dìsjit. For further example(s) of ‑gą̀jè’ see yòò’ (under du#d-ìì‑yòò’).

> ‑gagàh “right by, beside, next to creek” see under gàh

gah n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Lepus americanus) (psd ‑gahè’) ‑‑‑‑mugahè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑sugahè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudowa gah zèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑Gah kè’ tah widuk’ądza. ‑‑‑‑Sugahè’ sugàh ninhtèh. [PA *Gαx̣ “rabbit” (K78)]

Gah Tahii (Gàh) pn.

Gah Tahii: ʘ^ma

Gah Tahii Gàh: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gah Tahii Gàh ts’è’ ts’idoo’àsii. ʘ^ma

Gah Tahii Tahcheh pn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gah Tahii Tahcheh ’ide la yà’ehtune wìlę.

> Gah Tahii Lhighdììdlįįde “Gataga Forks” see under lįį¹

gàh

‑gàh n. ‑‑‑‑mugàh ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Mugàh sinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sugàh su’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukè’ gàh wuk’ànhtą. ‑‑‑‑Sugàh dàahts’ii. ‑‑‑‑Ma gàha na’intsèda? ‑‑‑‑Ma gàha sindaa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary gàh na’astsèt. ‑‑‑‑Mugàh nììniihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’elę gàh k’èsdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe too gàh kat’e.

‑gàhįį n. ‑‑‑‑mugàhįį ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑dugàhįį ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Sugàhįį k’ànunoostą̀’ìì wukaynuszun. ʘ^ma [from McL/TsK’]

toogàh n. ‑‑‑‑toogàh gàh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Toogàh gàh la ’uwute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Toogàh gàh nùts’oodèlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Toogàh gàh k’èsdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Toogàh wet’ǫ̀’ ’udoo mesdììh.

tagàh n. ‑‑‑‑Tagàh k’èsdah. ʘ^ma

‑gaha n. ‑‑‑‑Suk’èh wugaha k’èghus. ‑‑‑‑Too gaha ’ulà’ sutǫ. ‑‑‑‑Sugaha su’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soogaha sinda.

‑gagàh n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tuntl’a ts’elę gagàh, Tuntl’a munè’ ts’è’

’Uzų̀lhii Gagàh pn. ʘ^lt

P‑ghagà, ‑ghagàh p. ‑‑‑‑Sagàh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sagàlanh’į̀į̀h.

> P‑gha-gà#h‑’įį “not be concern, business of P” see under ’įį³

> P‑gàh D-da “sg. visit P” see under da³

> ‑gà#t’e “stay with” see under t’e¹

> (’oo‑)P‑gha-gà#t’e “not be concern, business of P” see under t’e¹

> P‑gà#d-ya/’ats/detl “brush by P, touch P walking by, reach P” see under ya³

> ‑gàh nì#ya/’ats “sg./du. marry, live with as spouse” see under ya³

> P‑gà#ya/’ats/detl “go visit P” see under ya³

gaha adj. ‑‑‑‑Tii gaha zǫh ghusdǫ.

doosgaha adj. ‑‑‑‑Lìdii doosgaha ’usdǫ. ‑‑‑‑Midoosgaha lhidììh.

gàhda

P‑gàhda p. ‑‑‑‑Dune gàhda kuda ka k’ìts’udùlh. ʘ^em

gak

conc

gak

gak

.

du#n-gak v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Dudnugak.

caus ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii ch’ila dusidnehgak. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dudniinhgak. Mitsinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka dundinehgaga? Suzàghè’ wuka dundinehgak?

gak exp. ‑‑‑‑Gak ladinii. ʘ^ma

gal

‑galè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Nugalè’ ’èh go Fox dzè’ k’indah.

gą̀sh

d-h‑gą̀sh v. ‑‑‑‑Dehgą̀sh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ dehgą̀sh. [from McL/TsK’]

Choo Dehgą̀shde pn. ʘ^lt ‑‑‑‑Too Dehgą̀shde Kw pronunciation.

noohgą̀she n. (pr noohgą̀sheʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (dim noohgą̀sha) (Martes pennanti) ‑‑‑‑Noohgą̀she ’ide sutę. ʘ^ei For further example(s) of noohgą̀she see t’ę̀’ (under u# replaced).

gat¹

gat n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (dim gada) ʘ^ma (Picea engelmannii) [compare San Carlos Apache gad “cedar, juniper” and Nav gad “juniper”]

tree: ‑‑‑‑Gat yiih wintę̀’ wukayniinzunǫ? ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’ùkoo gat dii nun k’eh ghììhchòòt.

spruce: ‑‑‑‑Gat t’oodzè’ ’èh ’ulà’ ’ughdi’įį. ‑‑‑‑Dahts’ukhè’ gat k’eh la ’wèdè’ dusu’ǫ ’elhèh.

> Gat Tahii Kìilįį Ts’elę̀’ “Tree Cr.” see under lįį¹

> gat za “white spruce” see under za

gat²

‑chǫǫhgat n. ‑‑‑‑’Àtsǫǫ “’uchǫǫhgat ’inht’ès” sèhnii.

ni#d-n‑gada v. ‑‑‑‑Nidnagada.

’ubùt nidnagada n.

gàtl

mom

gàl

gàtl

ya#d-ìì‑gàtl v. ‑‑‑‑Yadìngàl. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Yadìngàtl. ‑‑‑‑Yadìsgàtl.

ge

> O‑D-khe “pack O” see under khe²

gęd

nun gędè’ n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nun gędè’ zǫh wìlę. ʘ^ma

’usda gędè’ n. (pr ’usda gęʹdè’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usda gędè’ zǫh wìlę. ʘ^ma

Ts’iihgęda pn.

ts’esgęde n. (pr ts’esgęʹde) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) ‑‑‑‑Ts’esgęde nùstlǫ. [< ts’es‑ “black” + gęde “solid”]

get

dzah P#oo-d‑d-get v. ‑‑‑‑Dzah soodiduget. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dzah moodiduget. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dzah woodiduget. ʘ^em

gèt, gwut elongated horizontal movement

mom	get	gèt	gwulh~golh	get
dur	gwut	gwut	gwut	gwut
per	gwuch	gwuch	gwuch	gwuch
prog	gwulh~golh
cust	gwuch

O‑gèt v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Bes muts’iniigèt. ‑‑‑‑’Usgoo suts’unè’ ghunugèt. [PA *0/ɬ-Ge’:d “pierce with sticklike implement, dig” (L87)]

pass ‑‑‑‑Bes yudzǫh yunugèt.

moogedii n. (pr moogeʹdii) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei

mèh twedugedii n.

nù#O‑d-gèt v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Dichin ’èh naydùsgèt.

kù#O‑get v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tsas kunget. ‑‑‑‑Kìisgèt. ‑‑‑‑Tsas kùdasgwulhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsas kùts’oogedii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“’Ooh supanè’, muk’ànhtą.” Dlèzhe ’iihts’è’ tadut’e la tsas kùduget.

O‑D-gwut v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Yugwut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mèh ’uwingwudii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nun ghugwut. ʘ^ma

mèh wits’ugwudii n. ʘ^ma

H-get v. (mot) [PA *lə-Ge’:d “crawl, go on all fours” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑Suk’èh ghugwulh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nughǫh lhagolhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnòdzè yànagwulh. ‑‑‑‑Niingwulh. ʘ^ei

per ‑‑‑‑Yì’ǫ̀wìì k’ègwuch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ingwuch da nawute’e?

mom¹ ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè dèhgèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnusgèt. ‑‑‑‑Nindììgèt. ‑‑‑‑Nadììgèt. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda tinuget. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ tudèhgèt. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnòne yàsugèt. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį yàdèhgèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàghdèhgèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ la tinudnugèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàdagwulhe. ‑‑‑‑Kùts’idoogedii. ‑‑‑‑Kuda tinugèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda tinunuget lǫ̀ gòòlii tùnudèhget lǫ̀ sutseh. For further example(s) of mom¹ see dù¹ (under mot²).

cust ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè yànugwuch. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ sulèè’ tunudugwuch.

P‑kòma#d-gwuch v. ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ sukòmadugwuch. ‑‑‑‑Sąs jode dune kòmadugwuch.

yukòmadugwujii n. ʘ^ma

ts’ǫǫh-e#d-D‑get v.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’ǫǫhedugwuch. ʘ^ma

tsįįh-e#d-D‑get v.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìtsįįhedugwuch.

O‑n-H‑get v. (mot) Vowel of perambulative prefix is uniformly e with this verb.

per ‑‑‑‑Tlįį k’enugwuch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlįį k’eghnugwuch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’èsighnugwuch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlįį k’ìlhighnugwuch. ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ gwùndàn k’ènagwuch. ‑‑‑‑K’iinugwuch. ʘ^ma ey ‑‑> ii.

mom ‑‑‑‑Tlįį kǫh kwusinagèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è yidnèhgèt. ʘ^ma

gìch

d-gìch v. ‑‑‑‑Digìch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nun digìch. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin digìjii sùnhtį̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Wutl’ùs digìjii zǫh wìlę.

gìch adj. ‑‑‑‑Nun gìch wìlę.

Gìchii Gàh pn. ʘ^ma

gìtl

‑ghès gìdlè’ n.

d-h‑gìdla v. ‑‑‑‑Dehgìdla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse dehgìdla. ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ dehgìdladidùst’è’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sik’òòk’à’ dehgìdla. ʘ^ma

ts’à’ dehgìdla n. ʘ^ma

yus dehgìdla n.

dàsgidla n. ʘ^mc [< dà “eye” + s + gìdla “spherical”, with tone change]

yàsgidla n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane muyàsgidla nùstlǫ. [< yà “louse” + s + gìdla “spherical”, with tone change]

glawz n. (psd ‑glawzè’)

go, gǫ det. short form of gwudzè’ “there”.

go¹: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Go mugàh tùts’us’ats. For further examples of go¹ see ’ą¹ (under cust); tsį̀į̀’ (under d-h‑tsį̀į̀’).

gǫ̀’

‑lagǫ̀’ n. (dim ‑lagwą̀ązii) ‑‑‑‑mulagǫ̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mulagwą̀ązii ʘ^ma [PA *‑Gαŋ-e’ “fingernails” (KL)]

‑kegǫ̀’ n. (dim ‑kegwą̀ązii) ‑‑‑‑Mukegǫ̀’ dunaduz.

gok

dur

gok

gok

gok

gok

O‑(D‑)gok v.

dur ‑‑‑‑Dichin ghugok, ghiigok.

dichisgoga, duchisgoga n. (Picoides villosus or Picoides pubescens)

dichisgoga: ʘ^ma (pr dichisgoʹga) ‑‑‑‑Dichisgoga dichin ’ugok dìsts’ugh.

duchisgoga: ʘ^ei

dichisgoga chow n. ʘ^ma (Colaptes auratus)

gòn

‑gònè’ n. (dim ‑gòna) ‑‑‑‑sugònè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑mugònè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑chuba gònè’ ‑‑‑‑Sugònè’ k’eh zǫh nisteh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gat gònè’ lhintsèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mugòna ’ute’e. ʘ^ma [PA *‑Ga’:‑ne’ “arm” (KL)]

‑gònè’ ts’unè’ n.

‑’ejè’ gònè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Su’ejè’ gònè’ lhech’il.

gǫ̀ze n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (dim gǫ̀za) (Pinus contorta) ‑‑‑‑Gǫ̀ze duchę̀’ ’ut’ìi’ą ’ute’e. [compare ST gu“‑~ ”jackpine"]

Gǫ̀ze Tah Wumunè’ pn. ʘ^ma

got n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (psd ‑godè’, kodè’) variant of kot. ‑‑‑‑sugodè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sugodè’ ts’àdzè’ looht’e. ʘ^ma [from Eng]

goo n. ʘ^ma [PA *Gu:ɣ. “bug” (K78)]

goo chow n.

’usgoo n. (pr ’uʹsgoo) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Usgoo ’inesjit. [compare ITli asgutuyikshâ (AT), esgutuyikshâ (C) “spider”]

’usgoo chow n.

’ut’ǫ̀’ gòò’ n. ʘ^ma

> ’usgoo jìjè’ “gooseberry” see under jìje

gǫ̀ǫ̀’

mom

gǫ̀ǫ̀’

gǫ̀ǫ̀’

gǫ̀ǫ̀’

gǫ̀ǫ̀’

nu#n-gǫ̀ǫ̀’ v. (s

mom ‑‑‑‑Nuningǫ̀ǫ̀’. ‑‑‑‑Nunèesgǫ̀ǫ̀’. ‑‑‑‑Nunùsgǫ̀ǫ̀’ǫ?

goochę̀’

‑goochę̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑sigoochę̀’ ʘ^ma

gòòh¹

gòòh n. ʘ^ei (psd ‑gòòhè’) ‑‑‑‑migòòhè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑tsà’ gòòh ‑‑‑‑Gòòh ’uslàh.

gòòh²

gòòh‑ dirpf. variant of kooh‑. ‑‑‑‑gòòhdè’è ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gòòhtsè’è nùdèhya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gòòhdighè k’ègwuch. ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ nidįį? Gòòhtsè’è la nùdèhya. ‑‑‑‑K’ii nùstlǫ gòòhdighè kèhnahdzè’. ‑‑‑‑Gòòhnònè tse k’eh wuts’eh ’oosdlooza nasdloos. ʘ^ma

gòòh³

mu’èh k’ìts’oogòòhii n. ʘ^em For example(s) for mu’èh k’ìts’oogòòhii see dase (under kahdasè’ nì#).

gòòhkah n. (pr gòòhkaʹh) ʘ^ma (Veratrum viride)

gòòle n. (pr gòòleʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (dim gòòla) (Salix) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gòòle lhik’esgwusha. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gòòla lhintsèl.

gòòle tlązii n. ʘ^ma (Salix discolor)

gòòle dut’elii n. ʘ^ma (Salix sp.)

gòòlii adv. (pr gòòliiʹ) ‑‑‑‑Ninii gòòlii khuzàghè’ widindèh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mukelàda gòòlii ’ìslòòh. ‑‑‑‑Dloodoosdàdza tse k’eh nùstlǫ. Yiihdzè’ nun k’ehii gòòlii nùstlǫ. For further example(s) of gòòlii see gwun² (under cust).

gòòlii sub. occurs with nominal arguments; nominalization may be covert. ‑‑‑‑’ii gòòlii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’uyii gòòlii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide gòòlii kunt’e. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda ’edììh. ’Ide gòòlii ’wèdè’ sa’ììhlhah. ‑‑‑‑Disdììhii gòòlii dzah nùsinhsut. ‑‑‑‑Nuzàghè’ kesdììhii gòòlii ’udoo widusdèh. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dlèzhe ka gwudze dotiiye joo kints’udùlhii gòòlii nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo jìje sehts’ii gòòlii sa’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii mìlh ’udoo lhech’ilii gòòlii kwùdii lhitàdnùskę. ‑‑‑‑Nàasts’udii gòòlii nudèesja. ‑‑‑‑Ya gòòlii ’ut’ea? ʘ^em

covert nominalization ‑‑‑‑Sinii lhèkwudut’e zǫh la sis’òòn nùstlǫ gòòlii. (based on a sentence in Early Travels)

gòòla gòòlii + la certainty ‑‑> gòòla. ‑‑‑‑’Wèlìì dùnusidìnhtehii gòòla k’udà’ ghìsda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’èh Uncle Amos dusideh’ą, “Alec ’èh ’ìdighè Bower Creek dzè’ one week gwudzè’ gòòlant’e?” sèhnii. (Grizzly Story) ‑‑‑‑’Ide gòòlat’e ya ka sakheh’įįh ghiilè’ii ’udoo mesdììh. ‑‑‑‑K’ìdzawdnudah. ’Ide gòòla gwudzè’ nudùsja. ʘ^ma For further examples of gòòla see dè’⁴ (under ‑dìda); k’èhdzè’ (under ‑diik’èhdzè’).

gùgash, gògash n. [compare ITli gishù (AT), geshù (C) and Fr cochon]

gùgoosgą n. (pr gùgoosgąʹ) ʘ^ma (Lagopus mutus)

gul

dur

gul

gul

gul

gul

nu#O‑(D‑)gul v. (dur) For example(s) for nu#O‑(D‑)gul see ghų̀lh (under ‑ghų̀lhè’ su’ǫde). [cf. khul² “club”] ‑‑‑‑Tlįį duchę̀’ nugul. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį duchę̀’ niigul. ‑‑‑‑Duchę̀’ nagul. ʘ^ei

dist ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo tlįį dughuchę̀’ nunùghugul.

gulujįįza n. (pr gulujįįʹza) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gulujįįza kunyah.

gus, guts poke, pole

mom	ges/gus	guts	gus	ges
per	gus			.
conc	gus	guts	gus	gus

gus n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑gusè’) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uchowè’ gus ’èh mina’inhtseh. [PA *Gəs^r-ɬ “poker” (K78)]

’oosà’ gusè’, tii gusè’ n.

O‑guts v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ ka nadìsgus. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mina’iinhgus. ‑‑‑‑Ghìda wuka me’oosgusii. ‑‑‑‑Yìnejidii ’èh ya’uges. ‑‑‑‑Nuts’ahdè’ tinuts’ut. Mutùna’inhges. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mutùnasiihguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’ahdè’ ’utùnasiihguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukadèehguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mèh nudnèehguts. ‑‑‑‑Tehtsà’ ’uka’ììhguts. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of O‑guts see tǫ̀’ (under P‑tǫ̀’).

mèh nats’ugusii n.

O‑gus v.

per ‑‑‑‑Duboatè’ [delà’] ’ìk’e’ehgus. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’ìdighè ’edinhges. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Pole ’èh ’ulà’ ’utaghdèhguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo ’ìdighè ’ulà’ ’edèehguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè ’ulà’ ’ediinhgusǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè ’ulà’ ’ets’idoohgesii. ʘ^ma

P‑chi#gh-n‑h-guts v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Yichighnehgus. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Michighghnehgus. ʘ^em

‑ìyigh#d-h‑guts v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Yìyighdèhguts. ‑‑‑‑Mìyighdèehguts. ‑‑‑‑Mìyights’idoohgusii.

impf (1s mìyighdusgus, 2s mìyighdinh‑ yìyighdeh‑, 3s mìyights’ideh‑, 1p mìyighdah‑, 2p mìyighghdeh‑) ‑‑‑‑Yìyighdehgus. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mìyighghdehgus. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mìyighdusgus. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mìyights’idehgus. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mìyighdinhgus. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mìyighdahgus. ʘ^em

‑’èh nu#d-n‑h-guts, ‑i-nu#d-n‑h-guts v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Kwùn ’èh nudnèehguts. ‑‑‑‑Tsuts ’inuts’idnoohgesii.

mu’èh tsuts ’inats’idagusii n.

nu#y-d‑ìì‑gus v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Nidììya ’ii tl’ǫh naydììgus. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Naydììsgus. ʘ^em

P‑k’e#’-ìì‑guts v. (mom) O can only be nominal or pronominalized by ’‑. ‑‑‑‑Miizìì’ wuk’è’ìnges. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niizìì’ wuk’è’ìnges. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niizìì’ ’uwute’e wuk’è’ìnges. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì miizìì’ wuk’è’ìsguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì diizìì’ wuk’è’ììguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miizìì’ k’òòk k’è’ìsguts. ʘ^ma

guze

‑guze n. ‑‑‑‑khuguze ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑wooguze ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Niilà’ guze kudunukuy. ‑‑‑‑Sukè’ guze wik’oodidììh. ‑‑‑‑Mu’èh niighǫ̀ǫ̀’ guze nadìngus. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane dughuguze ghehda. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ guze minawìsiih’ǫ. [PA *Gəs^r(e’) “fork, cleft, interstice” (K78)]

’iighǫ̀ǫ̀’ guze mu’èh nadììgusii n.

Tse Guze Mun pn. ‑‑‑‑tse ’ì’ònè, tse tǫ̀’, Tse guze mun ʘ^ma

’Uguze Ts’elę pn.

’Uguze Munè’ pn.

taguze n. ‑‑‑‑Kuda taguze nùzut. ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è taguze ts’è’ la lhoowe ka ’oot’è’ dzè’ dèhya. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune taguze k’èbęh.

> Tse Guze Kìilįį “Paul R.” see under lįį¹

guts write, comb

conc

guts

guts

guts

guts

O‑guts v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑’Usguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ususguts. ‑‑‑‑K’òòk ’enìsguts. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo Mary ts’è’ ’usguts. ‑‑‑‑Muk’eh ’usguts. [PA *0‑Gəǰ “act on with end of sticklike object, make mark or abrasion, stir, drag or pull a sticklike or long flexible object by the end” (L87)]

mèh ’ugudzii, mèh ’uts’ugudzii n. conjugatable for subject. ‑‑‑‑Mèh ’ingudzii lhinyìs.

‑k’eh ’ugudzii n. ‑‑‑‑Dik’òògè’ yuk’eh ’ugudzii dugàh seh’ǫ.

P‑k’à#’-guts v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑’Uk’à’ugudzii ’ooda’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdawa ’uslę dǫ̀h ’uk’à’usgudzii ’oodas’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’òòk k’à’inguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudowa ’uk’àsuguts.

mèh ’uk’à’ugudzii n. ‑‑‑‑Niizìì’ mèh ’uk’à’ugudzii ’èh wuk’è’ìnges.

P‑k’à#w-n‑guts v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑’Uk’àwnuguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uk’àwnusguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas k’òòk k’àwnuguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo k’òòk k’àwninguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uk’àwnùsguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uk’àwnugudzii ’ooda’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudowa ’uk’àwnùsguts. ‑‑‑‑Sudowa gwuda ’uk’àwnùsguts. “Kwa nudasdalhe, sukǫh ts’è’. ’Udoo sǫh nudzèè’ didììh,” sèhnii.

mèh ’uk’àwnugudzii n. ‑‑‑‑Mèh ’uk’àwnusgudzii tudèestǫ.

(nu#)O‑guts v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Nutsìì’ ’inguts. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Ditsìì’ nusuguts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nutsìì’ nusingudzǫ? ʘ^ma

gùts

conc

gùts

gùts

gùts

gùts

(nu#)O‑gùts v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs ’ingùts. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Duts’ùdè’ nusugùts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Su’ejè’ nususgùts. ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs nusingùdzo? ʘ^ma [PA *Gə’ts’ “twist, wring” (L87)]

mèh ’ugùdzii n.

too-nu#w-gùts v. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ilasgę̀za, mitòò’ ’èh khuzà’ toonawts’ugùts ts’eh’įį.

guy

d-guy v. ‑‑‑‑Duguy. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑dude duguya ‑‑‑‑Gah duguyanajàh. [PA *lə-Gαy “be white” (L87)]

gwa det. ʘ^ma short form of gwuda. ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, gwa sintę. ‑‑‑‑Gwa wuts’eh joo 22 miles lhuts’adùlh. ‑‑‑‑Gwa wuts’eh jo ’uts’ut’e.

lhǫ̀ gwa adv. ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀ gwa didòò la nun k’eh sukùdla ghidii. [cf. gwą “sure, that’s right”]

> gwa#d-nìì “say (mistakenly believing)” see under nii¹

> lhǫ̀ gwa#d-nìì “tell the truth, be correct, right” see under nii¹

gwą adv. when sentence-final, preceded by low tone. ‑‑‑‑Kust’è gwą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ kast’è, gwą. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mits’oodusdèhìì, gwą. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii stove pipe mut’àh kùnadasdoosè, gwą. ʘ^ma

gwèl, gwèlh n. (psd ‑gwèlè’) [compare Git kwi’hl “sack, bag, purse, small pack”, Nass kwi’hl “sack”, Tsim gwe’alh “gunny sack, scrotum”, ITli gwêɬ “bag, sack”, Tli gwéil “sack, bag”, Hai gwáahl “sack”, Wit gwe’ilh “large bag, sack”, Aht geɬ, hwgeɬ “bag”, and CJ o-kwal’kh]

gwèl: ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sugwèlè’ sàn’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Ma nudowa gwèl ’ulàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’òòk dowa gwèl ’ughnììlàh. ʘ^ma

gwèlh: ʘ^mc

> gwèl kelhaghnùsgadii “woven bag” see under khat

gwùch

dur

gwùch

gwùch

gwùch

gwùch

gwùch ono. the sound of something hitting a hard object like a rock or a head.

O‑h-gwùch v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Ya ’ehgwùja? ‑‑‑‑Dichin ghiihgwuch.

mèh wehgwùjii n.

’udu#w-d‑gwùch v. (n)

impf (1s ’udawdèsgwùch, 2s ’udawdin‑, 3s ’udawdè‑, 1p ’udawts’idè‑, 2p ’udawdàh‑, 3p ’udawoodè‑) ‑‑‑‑Dòòh dzenii ’udawdingwùjǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Udawdègwùch. ʘ^ma

w-h‑gwùjide v. ‑‑‑‑Wehgwùjide. ʘ^em

gwuda det. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo gwuda sinda. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda nìniis’ǫ.

gwùda

‑gwùda v. ‑‑‑‑Kagwùda. ‑‑‑‑Kiingwùda. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Dzenèes duwagwùda. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh kawagwùda. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla nuts’è’ kawagwuda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsììgha dagwùda.

gwudò

gwudò dǫ̀h adv. ʘ^ma

gwudò wuts’eh adv. ‑‑‑‑Gwudò wuts’eh mugònè’ didììh.

gwudze adv. ‑‑‑‑Gwudze wuk’ànhtą. ‑‑‑‑gwudzèsgòòh

gwudze exp. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudze dòòdii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudze, dòòdii ghinyalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudze, kwinyah. ‑‑‑‑Dawdesà gwudze nudiindalha?

gwudzè’ det. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ sinda. ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ ghinyalh. ‑‑‑‑“’Ushidle, gwudzè’ la tse k’eh tsà’ nùstlǫ ghidii.” Gwudzè’ tùts’idùs’ats. ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ wuts’eh la dìsts’ugh.

gwudzè’ exp. ʘ^ma sharper variant of gwudze, stronger command.

gwùgwun n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑gwùgwun chow ʘ^ma ʘ^mc

gwun¹

gwun ono. hollow, exploding sound.

gwun², gǫ̀’

conc	gwun	gwun	gwun	gwun
mom		gwun		.
cust	gǫh

‑gwun v. [PA *Gαŋ “dry” (L87)]

conc ‑‑‑‑Sugwun. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ’udoo k’udà’ shòwà’ ’ugwun. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn sugwun. ‑‑‑‑Su’ejè’ nugwun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Su’ejè’ nusugwun. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of conc see e² (under P‑e#n-ìì‑).

caus ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe joo dune tlįį dowa yehgwun. ‑‑‑‑Duketulè’ kwùn ts’è’ nudehgwun. ‑‑‑‑Nadèehgwun.

refl ‑‑‑‑Nadèesgwun.

mom ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ’enììhgwun. For further example(s) of mom see ku¹ (under ku#gh-d‑).

P‑i#d-ìì‑h-gwun v. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda ’utsudzii mubùt midììhgwun. ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ lhidììhgwun. ‑‑‑‑Dichin lhidììhgwun.

cust ‑‑‑‑Yidììhgǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna Mary ’idììhgǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo two dune lhighdììhgǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo ’wèdè’ lhits’idììhgǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khidììhgǫh. Khupanè’ looht’e. ʘ^ma

kǫh ’uta’ugǫhde n. ʘ^ma

P‑dù#d-h‑gwun v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Mudùdniihgwun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too kwudisdii. Sudùdnìihgwun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudùdniihgwunii ’èh nidòòwè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudàdidèhgwun. ʘ^ma

P‑ku#d-gwun v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Lhut ’ujàhii tl’ǫh mukudùsgwun. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn kudèehgwun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukudèehgwun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn kudidasgwune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn kuts’idoohgwunii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dahdadii kuda zèehkhę. Duwatsìdla ’utsùn kudèehgwunii tl’ǫh, la yìdìdze nadèesgę. Joohdè’ kindìsja. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑’Udoo gòòlii mukudugǫh.

d-h‑gwuna v. ‑‑‑‑Ghidehgwuna. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè k’e’ingehii ’èh kudinhgwuna.

n-h‑gwuna v. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila niihgwuna.

gwunè’ adj. ‑‑‑‑’utsùn gwunè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mugwunè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe gwunè’ lhunughalelh. Jìje gwunè’ joo ’ughnììlàh. ʘ^ma

toohgwuna n. (pr toohgwuʹna) ʘ^ma (psd ‑toohgwunàa) ‑‑‑‑Nitoohgwunàa nunhgwun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune tlįį chow k’èhdzè’ k’e’ugeh. Toohgwuna kachow ’utsùn tsulè’ tùdùsmun ’uyeh’įį kǫh lhundugeh.

‑tsigǫ̀’ n. (psd ‑etsigǫ̀’) ‑‑‑‑wudzįįh tsigǫ̀’ ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ’uts’oolehii. ‑‑‑‑Netsigǫ̀’ ’ììhchòòt. ʘ^ma

lhehgǫ̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑Mary dowa lhehgǫ̀’ ’inht’ès.

gwùndàn n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑gwùndànè’) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gwùndàn ts’àdzè’ ’ushidle gwùndànè’ looht’e. [compare Tli gawdán, Git gyuwadan, gyuwandantxw, and CJ kiyudan, kyuatan]

gwùz n.

gwut

> O‑D-gwut “pick at, hack O” see under gèt

gwùt¹

‑gwùt n. ‑‑‑‑sugwùt ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mugwùt ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Mugwùt ’eduts’ùlh. [PA *‑Gʊ’t’ “knee” (K05)]

d-h‑gwùda v. ‑‑‑‑Mitsìdah widehgwùda. ‑‑‑‑’Ide tse dehgwùda.

‑tsìsgwùda n. ‑‑‑‑’Usk’ookàn mitsìsgwùda wìlę. ʘ^ma

Tse Nìihgwùdè’ pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^lt

> ‑gwutǫ̀’ “under, within the knee” see under tǫ̀’

gwùt²

‑gwùt n. ‑‑‑‑Mama ’unusts’ùze k’à’ ’èh ’ugwùt ’ulàh.

‑tl’à’ lòt gwùt n.

> ’ugwùt nììno “grease rendered from joints, “bone grease”” see under no²

gwùt³

k’i-nù#d-gwùt v. ‑‑‑‑K’inùdugwùdii ’èh yukudidèhdìì’. ʘ^ma

gwutl punch

dur	gwutl			.
mom	goolh	gwutl	gwulh	goolh

O‑h-gwutl v.

dur ‑‑‑‑’Ehgwutl. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Andreas dàà’ kinhgwutl. ‑‑‑‑Mukaninhgoolh. ‑‑‑‑Ma’inhgwooh. ‑‑‑‑Sukaniihgwutl. ‑‑‑‑Teh’ine. Mudàwniinhgwutl? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ kìinhgwutl? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nunadnasgwulhe. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dune ’udehgwulhii k’eh nìnudah. For further examples of mom see ’uyuhoh; ti² (under P‑ti#d‑).

nù#O‑d-h‑gwutl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùdinhgoolh. ‑‑‑‑Nùdèehgwutl. ‑‑‑‑Naydèhgwutl.

gwuts

‑dats’oogwudzè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Mudats’oogwudzè’ dinùstl’ùts.

gwùtsiiye n. (pr gwùtsiiʹye) ʘ^ma (Kaska)

H

hą int. tag question. ‑‑‑‑Wèhzul hą? ‑‑‑‑Mudzèè’ ’ute’e hą?

hąh, hą̀h exp. listener’s response during story-telling or conversation.

hąh: ʘ^ma ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’èh “hąh” yèhnii. ʘ^em

hą̀h: ʘ^ma

Hatek pn. [< Hatek (from hotcake?)]

hąw exp. ʘ^mc ʘ^ma variant of hǫ.

hę exp. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma listener’s response during story-telling or conversation. variant of hèh, hę̀h.

he’ exp. ʘ^em variant of ye’. ‑‑‑‑“He’,” yèhnii. ʘ^em

hè’ exp. ‑‑‑‑Hè’ dusbùt. ‑‑‑‑Hè’, yunuwìtladììnò.

heh, hęh, hèh, hę̀h exp. listener’s response during story-telling or conversation. variants of hę.

heh: ʘ^ma

hęh: ʘ^lt ‑‑‑‑hęh, ’ii wuts’eh? ʘ^ma

hèh: ʘ^ma

hę̀h: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hę̀h, ’uyii dune nidįį? ʘ^ma

hi

hi#d‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdà’è nudùsja ’èh du’èh hiidùs’ǫ.

hǫ exp. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^em variant of hąw. ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, koot’è’ dudinh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, lhintl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, nats’ootsudzii. ‑‑‑‑Ninii, hǫ. ‑‑‑‑“K’udà’, sudowant’e.” “Hǫ”. ‑‑‑‑hǫ, wukayniinzų dè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, gwa sinda.

hok exp. ‑‑‑‑Hok, ’unleh.

how, ho’ exp.

how: ʘ^ma

ho’: ‑‑‑‑Ho’, koowà gwudzè’ k’ooyahii!

I

ì¹

P‑ì# vpf. (n ) occurs with succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑Mìniihyhìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sąs ’ìniis’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Midzììì’ la ’òòna mìniistl’un kwudisdii, muk’wus dzè’ lìì. ‑‑‑‑Yìnaw’òònii. For further examples of P‑ì# see de¹ (under when); tatl (under O‑tatl); tl’un (under O‑tl’un).

’ì#d-ìì‑ vpf. used with motion, extension verbs. ‑‑‑‑Mun Chow gwudzè’ ’ighdììkę. ʘ^em For further example(s) of ’ì#d-ìì‑ see too¹ (under river).

(P‑)ì#d‑, (P‑)i#d-D‑ vpf. (s mom) used with motion verbs. ‑‑‑‑Wìdèhtsut. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Idùsja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune ’ìtsè’è ’ighdèhghuz. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdootl’à’ìì wukayniizun. For further example(s) of (P‑)ì#d‑, (P‑)i#d-D‑ see tsut (under H-tsut).

k’è’ì#D‑ vpf. (per) ‑‑‑‑Muk’àts’inehtą da muk’èh k’è’ìts’ut’às. ʘ^em

P‑ts’è’ ’ì#d-D‑, ’i#d-D‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑Kuda ts’è’ ’its’idùst’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ ’ìdèhghuz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna kwune suts’è’ ’ighdèhghuz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ch’oonè’ suts’è’ ’ìdèhghuz. ‑‑‑‑Kuda ts’è’ ’ìdùsja. ‑‑‑‑Muts’è’ ’ighdèhtl’a. For further example(s) of P‑ts’è’ ’ì#d-D‑, ’i#d-D‑ see tlat (under mom²).

’i#d-n‑(D‑) vpf. (s mom) occurs with mot verbs; variant of ’u#d-n‑(D‑). ‑‑‑‑Ma ’idnatlulh? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla khwązii ’idnatlulhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sǫ ’idnootladìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Willie Air sǫ ’idnootladìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è ’idnèhyhìtl.

pf (1s ’idnèes‑, 2s ’idnìin‑, 3s ’idnès‑, 1p ’its’idnès‑, 2p ’idnàah‑, 3p ’ighdnès‑) This is the paradigm for a perfective ès‑ speaker (MC) rather than ùs‑ speaker (MA). ‑‑‑‑Khuda ’idnèsja. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Khuda ’idnìinjaǫ? ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Khuda ’idnèesja. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Khuda ’its’idnèst’ats. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Its’idnùs’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii la ts’ìì’ònè duwaduz ’its’idnùs’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khuda ’idnàaht’adzǫ? ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Khuda ’ighdnèst’ats. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Yidnèhya.

> P‑ì#d-ìì‑ya/’ats/detl “sg./du./pl. attack, work hard at, bother” see under ya³

ì² like

> P‑ì#’įį “act, behave like P” see under ’įį³

> P‑ì#jàh “imitate, do like P” see under jàh

> P‑ì#d-D‑lii “sound like P” see under lii²

> P‑ì#h-t’e “resemble, look like, be like P” see under t’e¹

> ‑dowa ’ì#t’e “seem like to” see under t’e¹

idii, ide

‑idii, ‑ide vsf. For examples for ‑idii, ‑ide see bììch (under O‑h-bììch); t’ets (under d-n‑ìì‑t’edza).

> ‑bììjidii “lie clumsily, awkwardly, lie in a heap” see under bììch

> d-budzidii “be wide, spread out” see under buts

> tu#w-h‑ch’ìdidii “(pants) are very tight, pulled up” see under ch’ìdè’

> w-h‑gwùjide “frown, scowl” see under gwùch

> d-n‑ìì‑k’uzidii “be pure black” see under k’uz²

> d-n‑ìì‑ludidii “be pitch black” see under lhut

> d-n‑ìì‑zùdidii “be pitch black” see under zùdidii

> d-n‑ìì‑t’òjidii “be pitch black” see under t’òj

> d-n‑ìì‑tlųghidii “be black” see under tlųgh

> w-h‑tl’àdzidii “stare” see under tl’àts

> ’u#w-d‑tl’ùnjidii “be stingy” see under tl’ùnj

> d-n‑ìì‑tsùdlidii “be black” see under tsùdl

ìkì

> P‑ìkì# “inside P (vehicle, vessel), ride with P” see under èkèh

in

in‑ vpf. subject; iin‑ in gh-pf, progressive, future verbs; ìin‑ in s-pf after qualifier prefix. ‑‑‑‑Ya ka ’uyii dune ’inh’ą? ‑‑‑‑’Intsughǫ? ‑‑‑‑Diintsughe. ‑‑‑‑’Òòna nìin’įįo? [PA *ŋə‑ 2s subject (KL)]

II

ii

‑ii vsf. optative verb suffix, deleted after a vowel.

‑ii: ‑‑‑‑Khudii muk’àwnooslèsii. ʘ^ma

deleted: For example(s) for deleted see dune² (under w-ts’u#h-dune).

ii¹

ii‑ vpf. 1sg subject prefix used with perfective of h‑ classifier verbs. ‑‑‑‑Diihch’il.

ii² 3sg rel/det

‑ii nsf. nominalizes verb or verb phrase to serve as argument of subordinating conjunction. ‑‑‑‑Ninejidii ghǫh yàts’idnèhyòòt. ‑‑‑‑Gah sislòòhii ’èh dàdidììtę. ‑‑‑‑’Ii la nugàh k’ètlijii gòòlii la ’udoo muk’ànhtą.

‑ii nsf. relativizing suffix, most frequently attested on verbs, but attested attached to other lexical categories as well. optional after vowel-final verbs. [cf. ’uyii, ’ii “that”]

‑ii:

who: ‑‑‑‑’unubę̀’ii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑dune nùdzùdii ‑‑‑‑’umawii k’e’idloosii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune k’ula ’udǫii ’ulę.

which, that: ‑‑‑‑ts’udǫii ‑‑‑‑’utsùn subedzii ‑‑‑‑’Ii lhìghè’ dune lhoowe chę̀’ t’àh wutl’ùs taydèhmunii yànii’ǫ. (Lhooda)

no suffix: ‑‑‑‑’Uyii kuda zìinhkhę mewdoodiihììsį̀į̀. Khudii, nidìnhtèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dàna nugàh nìnis’ǫ sùnun’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

‑ii dirsf. ‑‑‑‑Yahnònii yhìs kaghe yus wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Yahdighii tse la ’èhnii.

‑ii psf. ‑‑‑‑sugàhii

> lhìghii “one person” see under lhìghè’

> Gat Tahii Kìilįį Ts’elę̀’ “Tree Cr.” see under lįį¹

> Tse T’ahii “Obo R., Porcupine R.” see under t’ah²

> ts’èhts’ìk tl’ahii “sled bottom, sled runners” see under tl’ah²

> ’utsughii “cry-baby” see under tsugh

iichǫ̀ǫ̀lh

’iichǫ̀ǫ̀lh n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑iichǫ̀ǫ̀lhè’, ‑’iichǫ̀ǫ̀lhè’) ‑‑‑‑’Iichǫ̀ǫ̀lh kùts’oot’àsii. ‑‑‑‑’Iichǫ̀ǫ̀lh seht’ę ’ii tl’ǫh lùsel ’èh yatsèt. [PA *(k^y’ə‑)n(ə)‑k^yVR(ə)x^y “rosehip” (KL)]

iidìì’

‑iidìì’, ‑dìì’ n. This noun is consonant initial ‑dìì’ for some speakers. ‑‑‑‑siidìì’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑miidìì’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niidìì’ ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑Niidìì’ nidòòwè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niidìì’ wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè niidìì’ nidòòwè. Nesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udughàghdinda. ’Udoo niidìì’ nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Dii dune diidìì’ tudùs’ǫ, too ’udǫ ’èh. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’uskewa wiidìì’ wìlene ’wèdè’ kaghììhlhah. [PA *‑nə-ne: “mind” (KL)]

P‑oo#O‑d-dii v. uncommon with object of P other than k‑; k-oo ‑‑> kwu. ‑‑‑‑Kwudindii? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too kwudindiiǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Ide wuts’eh dèkwudindiia? ‑‑‑‑Dèkwudahdiia? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune dèsǫ koodidii. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda kwuts’ididii. ‑‑‑‑Whitehorse ts’è’ kwudisdii. ‑‑‑‑’Ii la ts’ìì’òna kwudahdii k’ànahtą.

sentential argument sentential argument must be direct discourse. ‑‑‑‑Yehzuda tùsutl’a yoodidii. ‑‑‑‑’Òòna looht’e ’oodindiǫ? ‑‑‑‑Tsuts doosch’ilii kwudidii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii Louie tsuts doosch’ilii kwudidii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Unoosbę̀’ii kwudusdii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ujidoosyà’ii kwudisdii. ‑‑‑‑Kuda looht’e kwudisdii. Kwùdii khą̀ts looht’e lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Midzììì’ la ’òòna mìnintl’un kwudisdii. ‑‑‑‑Yaàno ’udoo yèda zìinhkhę, kwudisdii.

> ‑iidìì’ P‑ch’u#d-ìì‑’ą “stir up P, agitate P, make P crazy” see under ’ą¹

> ‑iidìì’ u-nu#‑w-D‑jàh “have a good time, great time” see under jàh

> P‑dah idi#d-H‑zuts “continuously think about P” see under zuts

iighǫ̀’

‑iighǫ̀’, ‑ghǫ̀’ n. (dim ‑iiwą̀ązii) This noun is consonant-initial ‑ghǫ̀’ for some speakers. gh ‑‑> w after w; also ‑‑> w in fast speech. ‑‑‑‑siighǫ̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑miighǫ̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑woowǫ̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑miiwą̀ązii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niighǫ̀’ k’e’inhdeh. ‑‑‑‑Kuda ghǫ̀’ salhidììh. ‑‑‑‑Niighǫ̀’ k’ìdindììhǫ? ‑‑‑‑Woowǫ̀’ dachow. [PA *‑ɣ.^wαn, ‑ɣ.ʊn “growl” (L87)]

> ‑iighǫ̀’ t’àh “nostril, inside the nose” see under t’àh¹

iighǫ̀ǫ̀’

‑iighǫ̀ǫ̀’ n. (dim ‑iiwą̀ązii) This nouns is consonant-initial ‑ghǫ̀ǫ̀’ for some speakers. gh ‑‑> w after w; also ‑‑> w in fast speech. ‑‑‑‑woowǫ̀ǫ̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑miighǫ̀ǫ̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑miiwą̀ązii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niighǫ̀ǫ̀’ k’e’inhdeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siighǫ̀ǫ̀’ kàats’ut. ‑‑‑‑Siighǫ̀ǫ̀’ k’oodidììh. ‑‑‑‑Siighǫ̀ǫ̀’ guze ’utsùn nìnèhts’ut. [PA *‑ɣ.u’ “tooth” (K05)]

’Ughǫ̀ǫ̀’ Ts’elę̀’ pn.

iilà’

‑iilà’ n. (dim ‑iilàazii) This noun is consonant initial ‑là’ for some speakers. ‑‑‑‑siilà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑miilà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siilà’ ’usts’eh. ‑‑‑‑Niilà’ nun’òts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wiilà’ didììh. ‑‑‑‑Woolà’ nun’ą. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tsà’ miilà’ zǫh yhèlh ts’unsu’ǫ. ’Ònè nudèhget lǫ̀. [PA *‑la’ “hand” (K05)]

‑iilà’ su’ǫii, ‑iilà’ ghànii’ǫ n. ‑‑‑‑niilà’ ghànii’ǫ

‑iilàghè’ n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Miilàghè’ winùstlǫ.

‑dalà’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tsuts dalà’ k’int’as. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gòòle mudalà’ lhintl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma

‑tsìdalà’ n. ‑‑‑‑mitsìdalà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑gada tsìdalà’ ‑‑‑‑Mitsìdalà’ sinda.

tehkahje ’iilà’ n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nutehkahje ’iilà’ nitsį̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Dune tehkahje ’iilà’ dèt’ę da ’udoo dunawintlah. ʘ^ma

> ‑iilà’ tii “middle finger” see under tii

ììsą, ììsǫ

’ììsǫ adv. ʘ^em ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kòòsǫ gwudzè’ ’ighdnèjàh ’ììsǫ. ʘ^em

‑ììsą ~ ‑`są adv. ‑ììsą after a consonant, ‑`są after a vowel. variant of sa.

‑ììsą: ‑‑‑‑’Òòkhwe, dèsǫ kawsdehììsą. ‑‑‑‑K’ula kwùn k’eh nùts’iidììsą. ‑‑‑‑Dedii wuts’eh kàagedììsą. ʘ^ma

‑`są: ‑‑‑‑Ma kwuneèsą. Wiizìì’ wìleǫ? ʘ<sup>ma</sup> ‑‑‑‑Jìje kaghdut’èsą. ʘ<sup>ma</sup> ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ya dinùsdǫà? ’Udoo yèda wìlę. Lhadzè’ sǫ ’udǫ̀są. ʘ<sup>ma</sup> ‑‑‑‑’Òòtlut. Wuk’idòòsts’iidììsį̀į̀ kwudidiìsą. ʘ<sup>ma</sup> ‑‑‑‑Dii sǫ ’ìghidiìsą. ʘ<sup>ma</sup> For further example(s) of ‑`są see yìghe (under inside).

> dedzììsą “I wonder where, where in the world” see under dedza

iizìì’¹

‑iizìì’, ‑zìì’ n. This noun is consonant initial ‑zìì’ for some speakers. ‑‑‑‑miizìì’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑kǫh wiizìì’ ‑‑‑‑’Àtsǫǫ la yiizìì’ ’ehdììh. Midoonasdìì’. Miizìì’ ’ute’e la. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo miizìì’ nùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo miizìì’ ’esdììh. ʘ^ma [PA *z^re’ “name” (K05)]

iizìì’²

‑iizìì’, ‑zìì’ n. (dim ‑iizàazii) This noun is consonant initial ‑zìì’ for some speakers. ‑‑‑‑niizìì’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑muzìì’ ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Miizìì’ gwuda suda. ‑‑‑‑Siizìì’ k’oodidììh. ‑‑‑‑Miizàazii dèkooht’a? ‑‑‑‑Sąs ’iizìì’ gwa sula.

ììzǫh

‑ììzǫh ~ ‑`zǫh sub. ‑ììzǫh after a consonant, ‑`zǫh after a vowel. [cf. zǫh “only, just”]

‑ììzǫh: ‑‑‑‑K’inùdugwùdììzǫh yizèhkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane ’udoo ts’eziidììzǫh nawdììgà’. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii Louie mà’ìslhahììzǫh khwùdè’ sits’oodudèh. ʘ^ma For further examples of ‑ììzǫh see ’ą̀gh (under kù#O‑n‑’ą̀gh); ke³ (under caus); kooht’è’ (under koot’è’); k’ì¹ (under clf-mot); tu² (under ’utu#gh-ìì‑).

‑`zǫh: ‑‑‑‑Sustę̀zǫh nawdììgà’. ‑‑‑‑Edna dusideh’ą̀zǫh kakhwùdè’ mudàdisįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kats’ut’èzǫh kwa nùdidèhkhedlii la. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo too ’udǫ̀zǫh mudàdidèhgwun. ʘ^ma

kwùdii ‑ììzǫh adv. ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsìdze dasyalhe wutseh kwùdii k’òòwusts’udzììzǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas nudadalhe wuts’è’ kwùdii k’òòwuts’udzììzǫh. ʘ^ma

ììt’è’

‑ììt’è’, ‑èt’è’, ‑t’è’ adv. emphasisizing especially temporal or locative argument; affixal form of ’ìt’è’; generally ‑ììt’è’ or ‑èt’è’ after a consonant, ‑t’è’ after a vowel. For example(s) for ‑ììt’è’, ‑èt’è’, ‑t’è’ see tachǫh (under yesterday).

‑ììt’è’: ‑‑‑‑Tachǫhììt’è’ lhunasdalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wech’à yèhnii dzè’ yutsehììt’è’ nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Wootsehììt’è’ uzèehkhę. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wootsehììt’è’ lìdii ’uslàh. ʘ^ma

‑èt’è’: ‑‑‑‑Lhèhgą̀hèt’è’ nunùstę. ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ zùs ts’ehkìlhii ’èh 27èt’è’ kints’idììdetl, May 27. For further examples of ‑èt’è’ see jìje (under ’òòsgą jìjè’); kooht’è’ (under koot’è’); te² (under cust²).

‑t’è’: ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ kǫh widighèt’è’ kǫh ’awts’idèdlàh. For further example(s) of ‑t’è’ see la² (under prog).

‑’èhììt’è’ n.

etc.: ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo jìje ’èhììt’è’ nasgelh. ‑‑‑‑Yitsììghà’ ’èhììt’è’ kùnàhch’il. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo sukè’ ’èhììt’è’ ya’ììkę. ‑‑‑‑Nawdììgà’ii ’èhììt’è’ nùnunèhtl’ǫǫ. For further examples of etc. see chi¹ (under ku-chi#gh‑); k’ì² (under k’ì#d‑); tsinè’ (under kwatsinè’).

along with: ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune su’èhììt’è’ ghididììhaghujàh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’èh Uncle John McCook kwune joo ghidùskę woo’èhììt’è’. (Early Travels)

jodììt’è’ adv. ‑‑‑‑Jodììt’è’ ts’oohtedzii.

kòòhììt’è’ adv. For example(s) for kòòhììt’è’ see ’įį² (under pf).

‑ììt’è’, t’è’ sub. ‑ììt’è’ after a consonant, ‑t’è’ after a vowel.

‑ììt’è’: ‑‑‑‑Gwuda sehkàdììt’è’ yandèhtlah. ‑‑‑‑K’èdahììt’è’ la ’unubę̀’. ʘ^ma

‑t’è’: ‑‑‑‑Tii ghusdǫt’è’ biilh ’usììlàh.

> sà’èt’è’ “long ago” see under sà’

iitl’ùt

’iitl’ùt n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑iitl’ùt) (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) ‑‑‑‑’Iitl’ùt ninbę̀’. ‑‑‑‑Siitl’ùt looht’e. [compare ITli ìtl’át (AT) “low bush cranberry”]

J

jàh happen

dur	deh	jàh	dììlh	deh
prog	dììlh

u#D-jàh v. u# a default prefix, replaceable by more contentful prefixes; deleted after a vowel, u ‑‑> a after a consonant.

prog ‑‑‑‑Kwùla dasè’awadììlh. ‑‑‑‑Too kwùla yìdighadììlh.

dur ‑‑‑‑’Ujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ’ujàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tii ’ujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla lìdii ’ujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too ’ujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùsǫ 4 ’uwìjàhìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫ ’ànjàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫ ’ahjàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’ujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’usjàh. ʘ^ma ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’unujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè too gàh dzè’ la ’uts’idadììlhe. ‑‑‑‑Yus ’udadììlhe noodlii. ‑‑‑‑K’ula ’ujàh. ʘ^ma For further examples of dur see desà; dììh¹ (under d-D‑dììh); dzen (under didòò dzenèes); sa¹ (under month); tl’ǫh (under after).

u# replaced ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dèdasdèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dèdasdèh. Shòwast’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sisdliiasjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dedawìjàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdzawìjàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dèdadeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dèdawìdeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dèdats’udeh. Shòwats’iiht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wìsdliiawìdeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila dupanè’ ’ech’à’ dut’elàjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwajàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwanjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla khǫhdawìjàh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of u# replaced see dù² (under what).

’Iibèhawìjàh n.

’oosdzeghe dachowajàh n.

direction u#D-jàh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Hatek ts’aghujàh. ‑‑‑‑Yah’ònandeh. ‑‑‑‑Yah’ǫ̀dzandeh. ‑‑‑‑Yahdà’andeh. ‑‑‑‑Yìdìdzants’ujàh. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè ’uts’oodehii. ʘ^em For further examples of direction u#D-jàh see dà’² (under ‑dà’è); t’ah¹ (under t’ah); tsè’ (under ‑tsè’è); yughà (under yahyughà).

u#d-n‑D-jàh v. (n) also i#d-n‑D-jàh. ‑‑‑‑’Udnèsjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudastǫh ’udnèsjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uska ’udnèjàh. For further example(s) of u#d-n‑D-jàh see ììsą (under ’ììsǫ).

dè#jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Doots dèjàh. For further examples of dè#jàh see bokh; dų̀lh; ghųtl; tootl; tòòts.

‑iidìì’ u-nu#‑w-D‑jàh v. ‑iidìì’-a ‑‑> ‑iida ~ ‑iidya. ‑‑‑‑Khiidyanawùjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khiidanawùjàh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miidanawùjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siidììanawùdehìì wukaynuszun. ʘ^ma

dza#jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Dzajàh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

‑k’èhdzè#jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Louie k’èhdzàasjàh.

ku#D-jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Dèkunjàha? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla kajàh. ‑‑‑‑Kudiindììlhe nìdisįį. ‑‑‑‑Dèkaghujàha? ‑‑‑‑Dèkawìjàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’, kawsdehii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dèkaoodeha? ʘ^ma

P‑ka ‑jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Andreas dupanè’ ka gwudzaàjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“Nupanè’ nidįį?” “Gwudzè’ dune kaydi’į̀į̀h. Yuka ’ujàh.” ʘ^ma

kwùla#D-jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Kwùlaghujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùlats’ujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùlawìjàh ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùlasjàh. ʘ^ma

la#jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Goohdè’è lats’ujàh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑K’ula lajàh. ʘ^ma

sòòna#jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Sòònajàh. ʘ^ma

P‑gha tiiya#w-ìì‑jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Ma tiiyawùjàh. Sawdu’ąh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary ’udoo ma tiiyawìdèh.

‑tu#jàh v. (n) ‑‑‑‑’Ii wuts’eh sǫ ’ii ’umawii dehdàne tununujàh.

tsun#jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Tsunajàh.

ts’ula#jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ulajàh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ulanjàhǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ts’ulasdeh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ts’ulandèhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lhadà k’e’int’į̀į̀h. Ts’ulawndehììsį̀į̀. For further example(s) of ts’ula#jàh see ghàde (under ghàdè’).

’uma#jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’umayìlàh. ’Umajàh. ʘ^ma

P‑k’ǫ̀wa#D-jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Suk’ǫ̀wanjàh. ‑‑‑‑Suk’ǫ̀wahjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwanuk’ǫ̀wasjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkusk’ehdza nuk’ǫ̀wawsdeh?

P‑ì#jàh v. ‑‑‑‑Yèjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mèsjàh. For further example(s) of P‑ì#jàh see ’įį⁴ (under ni#O‑d-d‑ìì‑h‑’įį).

jeh

dur

jeh

jeh

jelh

jeh

ku#O‑h-jeh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’iiywą ’uzùs kahjeh. ‑‑‑‑Kunhjeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kahjeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs kiihjehǫ?

pass

mèh ka’ujehii n. ʘ^ma

’uts’unè’ mèh ka’ujehii n. ʘ^ma

jèh, jè’

dur

jèh

jè’

jèlh

jèh

nu#D-jè’ v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Najè’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuwajè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukàà’ nuwajè’. ‑‑‑‑Mukàà’ ’uwute’e nawdajèlhe.

caus ‑‑‑‑Nayiihjè’.

dist ‑‑‑‑Mukàà’ winùstlǫ nunùwajè’.

jìje n. (pr jìjeʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑jìjè’) ‑‑‑‑Jìje gwuda su’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Jìje gwuda sula. ‑‑‑‑Yijìjè’ zǫh ’utsuts. ‑‑‑‑Jìje noosbę̀’ii kwudisdii. ʘ^ma [PA *g^yi’:g^ye: “blueberry” (K05)]

jìje chow n. ʘ^ma (Vaccinium caespitosum)

’òòsgą jìjè’ n. ʘ^ma (Juniperus communis) ‑‑‑‑’Òòsgą jìjè’, dah ’ùkoo mijìjè’èt’è’ la ghighehbets ’elhèh. Dune ch’ìdè’ tah wididììh da, dune yu’èh nudu’òts da, ’ide la ’ute’e.

’usgà’ jìjè’ n. (Juniperus communis)

’usgoo jìjè’ n. ʘ^ma (Ribes oxyacanthoides or Ribes lacustre)

choosk’a jìjè’ n. ʘ^ma (Cornus canadensis)

kuda jìjè’ n. ʘ^ma (Sorbus scopulina) ‑‑‑‑Kuda jìjè’ nùtsut. ‑‑‑‑Kuda jìjè’ ya ts’ate’a?

nòòze jìjè’ n. (Ribes glandulosum)

sąs jìjè’ n. ʘ^ma (Cornus stolonifera)

sòògak jìjè’ n. (Ribes glandulosum)

tehkahje jìjè’ n. ʘ^ma (Gaultheria humifusa)

tlįį jìjè’ n. ʘ^ma (Ribes hudsonianum) ‑‑‑‑Tlįį jìjè’ duchę̀’ la.

jin

> D-yin “sing” see under yhin

jit¹ scared

neu

jit

jit

jit

nejit n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nejit ’ukhììlàh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of nejit see khe¹ (under per).

P‑ì#n-jit v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Mìnesjit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas ’ìnesjit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila dupanè’ ’ìnejit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sìnejidii ’èh kètl’àh sǫh dudlòw. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mìts’inejit. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sąs ’ìts’inejit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya sǫ ’ìnejidììsą. ’Udoo mesdììh. ‑‑‑‑Sà’è dǫ̀h la tlįį ’ìnesjit ghiilè’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane yìnoojidììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wìnoojidììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma [PA *n-lə-g^yu’:d “be afraid” (L87)]

caus ‑‑‑‑Yìnehjit.

P‑ì#w-n‑jit v. ì‑w ‑‑> oo. ‑‑‑‑Moonejit. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sąs ’oonejit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lììyap kwùnè’ ’oonejit. ‑‑‑‑“Ya ’èh nukhoonejida!” ghidii. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ya ’èh moonejida! ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo khoonejit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oo, tazowe ts’ehe ’oonejit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas joo ’udidèdlàh. Moonejit. For further examples of P‑ì#w-n‑jit see dzèh² (under tse dzèh); tlat (under cust).

ni#n-H‑jit v. (n?,s) ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ninejit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninoonjidììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jo wuts’eh sǫ ’udoo ninoonjidìì.

pf (1s ninsisjit/ninèesjit, 2s ninsin‑, 3s ninèh‑, 1p nits’inèh‑, 2p ninsah‑, 3p nighnèh‑) ‑‑‑‑Ninsisjit. ʘ^ma ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Ninèesjit. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Ninsinjido? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninèhjit. ʘ^ma ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Lhats’eh nits’inèhjit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninsahjido? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nighnèhjit. ʘ^ma

> nejit O‑z-h‑khe “O goes in fear, behave fearfully” see under khe¹

jit² rot

conc

jit

jit

jit

jit

h-jit v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑’Ehjit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn sehjit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ’enììhjit. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo jìje sehjidii gòòlii sa ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ kǫh nàwiihjit lǫ̀. [PA *ɬ-g^yu’:d “be rotten” (L87)]

caus ‑‑‑‑Siihjit.

d-jit v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane dìsjit. ‑‑‑‑Dèesjit. ‑‑‑‑Tekwune. Nitsį̀į̀’. Dìsjit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn dìsjidajàh.

‑jidè’ n. ‑‑‑‑’ujidè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ujidè’ tetsune. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’ujidè’ ’ònè dinlèh.

jidè’ adj. ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ jidè’ looht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wisch’ilè’ jidè’ kaynuszų. For further example(s) of jidè’ see tą¹ (under P‑ka nù#n-D‑tą).

tsìsjida n. ʘ^ma [< tsì “head” + s cnj? + jid “rotten” + a diminutive]

jii

> D-yììh “breathe” see under yììh³

jo det. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo jo tsunèts’ehkę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Daddy jo wuts’eh dune ’ulę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla mu’èh yìdighè jo wuts’eh Bower Creek lhuts’a’às.

jode det. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Jode la ’oosà’ su’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Jode lhunasdalh.

> jodììt’è’ “right here” see under ììt’è’

jǫ¹

P‑gha#w-d‑jǫ v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Yawdèjǫ.

Bus Ghawdèjǫde pn. ʘ^lt ‑‑‑‑Bus ghawdèjǫde gwuda joo dusdulii joo dutl’eh. ʘ^lt

jǫ²

> D-yǫ “be, become old, grown” see under yheh

> jode “here” see under jo

josa

> d-h‑D-yosa “be bushy, puffy” see under yhos

josh

du(‑nu)#w-d‑josh v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Dawdùsjosh. ‑‑‑‑Didòò kutl’e dǫ̀h kwùjoo dunawdùsjosh.

joo adv. ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo nudindii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna wuts’ììt. Yvonne joo wuts’ììt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune joo sewwehts’ììt. ‑‑‑‑Dude wìleǫ gwudzè’ joo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas joo ’udoo sidiyììh. ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo niwisch’ilè’ nawn’òdzo? ʘ^ma

joo conj. ‑‑‑‑Michidle joo moodighe joo ghììhchoot.

ya joo wh. ‑‑‑‑Ya joo nanukuya? ‑‑‑‑Ya joo kwudindiia?

jòòh

jòòh‑ dirpf. relatively close distance. ‑‑‑‑jòòhdè’è ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jòòhdè’è la nùsdèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jòòhdà’è la nùsdèl. ʘ^ma

joohdè’, joosdè’ det.

joohdè’: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Joohdè’ ghinyalh. ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh la joohdè’ lhunusahtelh. ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è wuts’eh joohdè’ lhunuts’agelh, yìdè’è nukǫh wuts’eh.

joosdè’: ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’èh joosdè’ kinawts’idììla. ‑‑‑‑Gwudze, joosdè’ ghiinyalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Joosdè’ kinìintal. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è joosdè’ lhunts’agelh, yìdè’è nukǫh wuts’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ukà’ii wuts’eh joosdè’ lhunts’adùlh. ʘ^ma

jǫǫlh

mom		jǫǫlh	.
per	jǫǫlh		jǫǫlh

w-h‑jǫǫlh v. (mot) [from Kaska?]

per ‑‑‑‑K’òòwinhjǫǫlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ k’òòwehjǫǫlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’òòwehjǫǫlhii ’èh dudahii ’idoonadìì’. ‑‑‑‑K’ahkòòh k’òòwoonjǫǫlhììnò. ʘ^ma

kù#w-h‑jǫǫlh v.

mom ‑‑‑‑Lhàhde zǫh kùwiihjǫǫlh lǫ̀. ʘ^ma

dist ‑‑‑‑Lhèkwudut’e kùnùwèhjǫǫlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sąs kùnùwehjǫǫlh lǫ̀, tasdlęha ka.

joot

dur

joot

joot

joot

joot

P‑e#d-n‑joot v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį mednisjoodii ’èh tudèhtl’a. ‑‑‑‑Sąs sedniijoot. ‑‑‑‑Sedniijoot ’ii tl’ǫh tsitununugèt. ‑‑‑‑Nulèè’ sednajoode. [cf. ‑yoot “chase, drive”]

joowe

‑joowe n. ‑‑‑‑sijoowe ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mijoowe ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nijoowe nin’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Sijoowe nidììtl’a. ‑‑‑‑Ma joowa suda? Duba k’eh suda.

> ‑joowets’ę̀’ “brisket, breastbone, sternum” see under ts’ę̀’²

jùm

mom	jùm	jùm	jùm	jùm
per	jùm	jùm	jùm	jùm

‑jùm v. (mot) [from Eng]

per ‑‑‑‑K’èjùm. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’èjùm da mawute’e. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii bòòsa ’udoo k’oojùmii yòòht’e. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Yàdùsjùm. ‑‑‑‑Tinajùm.

K

k

k‑ ppf. areal object of postposition prefix, used before a vowel. ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e kìnejit. ‑‑‑‑Woozàghè’ kedììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kindììh. ’Udoo wints’ììt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kidoonasdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Nukǫh kidaynindįįh.

> P‑ka k#oo-le “watch for P” see under le³

ka¹

P‑ka p. ‑‑‑‑Kwùn ka khuka ghidii. ‑‑‑‑Yhììh ka k’ìts’oodùlhii. ‑‑‑‑Kuda ka tsedindììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza wukant’a? ‑‑‑‑Prince George wuka last’e. For further examples of P‑ka see ’àtl (under O‑(h‑)’àtl); khut (under pf); zàghè’ (under ‑zàghè’); tlat (under wutladii); ts’įįh (under d-ts’įįh).

ya ka wh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka tazowe wukayniinzuna? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ya ka ka’ììhlhaha? ʘ^ma

wuka sub. ‑‑‑‑“’Udwahts’ugh wuka ladisįį,” khèhnii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuk’ànunoostą̀’ììsį̀į̀, dudinhtsį̀į̀’ wuka. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deda kwudindiide k’òòwints’ùts, deda wilìntl’a wuka. ʘ^ma For further examples of wuka see ’įį⁴ (under nu#y-d‑’įį); doos (under na#O‑d-n‑doos); kèt (under impf).

’udoo ... ka pp. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo shòwawut’è’ii ka. ʘ^em

mibiilhè’ ka n. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii ch’ila mibiilhè’ ka. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè sutę. Mibiilhè’ ka. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ lhonè’ sutę. Mibiilhè’ ka. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè mibiilhè’ ka mits’idusdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mibiilhè’ ka nitsį̀į̀’. For further example(s) of mibiilhè’ ka see zut (under impf).

> ’uka d-h‑’ats “animals rut” see under ’ats

> P‑ka k’ì#’‑O‑h‑’į̀į̀h “try to P” see under ’į̀į̀h³

> P‑ka ‑jàh “go look for P” see under jàh

> mibiilhè’ ka “sleepy-head” see under ka¹

> P‑ka ’òòya#w-d‑D-lę “P is embarrassing, shameful, embarrassed, ashamed; be ashamed of P” see under le¹

> P‑ka k#oo-le “watch for P” see under le³

> P‑ka se#’-oo-lii “expect P” see under lii³

> P‑ka#d-nii “invite P” see under nii¹

> P‑ka nù#n-D‑tą “look for P” see under tą¹

> P‑ka#t’e “be after P, hunt for P” see under t’e¹

ka²

P‑ka#n‑ vpf. (gh mom) occurs with succ verbs; also kà. ‑‑‑‑Mukadnin’es. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii ghǫh la Mary yukàniihgwutl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukats’inootsèlii. ‑‑‑‑Tse ’èh mukats’inootsèlii. For further examples of P‑ka#n‑ see khul² (under O‑h-khul); tatl (under O‑tatl).

ka³ classify contained

mom	kàh	kǫ	kalh	kàh
neu	kǫ	kǫ̀’	kǫ̀lh	kǫ̀’
per	kah	kah	kalh	kah
prog	kalh
cust	kah

O‑ka v. (clf-mot) [PA *qa:‑ŋ “handle O in container” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑Too tùnakalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yutwè’ yukǫh ts’è’ yudowa lhunakalh. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑Ts’awèt k’èkah.

mom ‑‑‑‑Lìdii kachowa sànkàh. ‑‑‑‑Ya ghǫha ’udoo lìdii dahkàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ghǫha ’udoo lìdii dusahkàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii tii ’ahyè ninkàh. ‑‑‑‑Lìdii nìniskǫ. ‑‑‑‑Mùnadaskalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya màoonkàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tùnuts’ookàhii. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ lìdii sàkah.

du#w-n‑ka v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑’Ide dawninkàh. ‑‑‑‑Dawnèeskǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwuda dawnèeskǫde la susda. ʘ^ma

Dawnùska, Dawnùskade pn.

Dawnùska: ʘ^ma

Dawnùskade: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑gwuda tatl’ah Dawnùskade dawnùska ghidiide

nì#O‑ka v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Lìdii nìsuskǫ.

D-kǫ v. (clf neu) ‑‑‑‑’Ide la sukǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nun k’eh sukǫ.

caus ‑‑‑‑Tii siihkǫ.

’Ukà’ii pn. ʘ^ma

ka⁴

y-h‑ka v. (prog) ‑‑‑‑Wuba nuyahkalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yiiba nuyahkalh. ʘ^ma

kà’a

d-h‑kà’a v. ‑‑‑‑Lhèhgą̀h wudehkà’a. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh lhèhgą̀h widehkà’a. ’Uwute’e. ’Iihts’ii nidòòwè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Widehka’anuwìjàh. ʘ^ma

kàch n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑kàjè’) ‑‑‑‑Kàch ’èh kits’inòòtalii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo sukàjè’ sùnlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo mukàjè’ mùnlèh. ʘ^ma [from Eng cards]

kah, kuy poke

mom

kah

kuy

kalh

kah

D-kuy v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Sanukuy. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dichin sutl’à’ ghanukuy. ‑‑‑‑Muyekuy. ‑‑‑‑Ya nuyekuya? For further examples of D-kuy see joo (under ya joo); zoz (under dichin zòzè’); tl’ù (under P‑tl’ù#).

tu-tsì(‑nu)#h-kuy v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Too tutsinhkah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yus tunutsììhkah. ‑‑‑‑Yus tunutsìts’ehkah. ‑‑‑‑Too tutsìniihkuy. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too yudǫ. Tutsìniihkuy. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo too tutsìniiskuy. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too tutsìdaskalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too tutsìts’oohkahii. ʘ^ma

> kahdasè’ nì# “inching forward” see under dase

kahdǫ̀’ n. (pr kahdǫ̀ʹ’) ʘ^ma (Equisetum arvense or Equisetum scirpoides) [compare Car khoh “goose” and B-W khikh “goose”]

kàhgà

kàhgàdǫ̀ adv. (pr kàʹhgàdǫ̀) ʘ^ma also kàhgàdò. ‑‑‑‑Kàhgàdǫ̀ kuda ghizèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑Kàhgàdǫ̀ ya sulèè’ nùghìì’àdla? For further example(s) of kàhgàdǫ̀ see ’ą¹ (under prog).

kàhgàdò kòòh kàhgàdò adv. ʘ^ma

kàhgàdzè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Kàhgàdzè’ kighnètal.

> kàhgàdǫ̀ wutseh “day before yesterday” see under tseh

kahgǫ̀s n. (pr kaʹhgǫ̀s) ʘ^ma (Epilobium angustifolium)

kàhsįįh n. (pr kàhsįįʹh) ʘ^ma (Turdus migratorius) ‑‑‑‑Kàhsįįh nùstlǫ ghidii jode. ʘ^ma

kakeh

kwùla kakeh adv. (pr kwùlaʹ kakeʹh) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla Fort Ware ts’è’ nuts’idùsdetl, kakeh. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla kakeh dulèè’ tudèhtę.

kak’ǫ̀ adv. (pr kak’ǫ̀ʹ) ʘ^ma variant of ’ak’ǫ̀.

kaghà’

‑kaghà’ n. ‑‑‑‑mukaghà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukaghà’ joo nòn ’ute’e ’ulę. For further example(s) of ‑kaghà’ see chi¹ (under ku-chi#gh‑).

kaghe

‑kaghe n. ‑‑‑‑mukaghe ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane kǫh wukaghe kighnètal. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kàshòh mun kaghe k’èbęh. ‑‑‑‑Tse kaghe mun dusu’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Tse kaghe dude nèstlǫ. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Nukaghe sinh’ǫ. For further examples of ‑kaghe see kùt (under P‑e#d-h‑kùt); kwùn (under fire).

> ‑kaghų̀yè’ “long root, ancestor” see under ghų̀y

> kakhwùdè’ “finally, just now, just then” see under khwùdè’

kalh

‑kalh v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Kàhsįįha sawdèhkalh. ‑‑‑‑Sawts’idèhkalh. ‑‑‑‑K’òòk’a sawdèhkalha. [cf. ‑kalh “handle contained” (prog.)]

mudè’ dunùsukalha n.

’ut’ǫ̀’ dunùsukalha n. ʘ^ma (Arnica cordifolia or Arnica latifolia)

kàs

’ukàs n. ‑‑‑‑Sudowa ’ukàs ’unleh. ’Ii yhèlh noos’ą̀hii. ʘ^ma

yhèh kàs n. ʘ^ma

kàshòh n. (pr kàʹshòh) ʘ^ma (Lutra canadensis)

kàt

mom	kàt	kàt	kàt	kàt
cont	kàt	kùt	kàt	kàt

h-kàt v. ‑‑‑‑Sehkàt.

’uts’utsudzii k’eh sehkàdii n.

(ts’ùdè’ k’eh) sehkàdii n.

ts’ùdè’ k’eh sehkàdii: ʘ^ma

sehkàdii: ‑‑‑‑Sehkàdii ’uslàh. ʘ^ma

d-kàt v. ‑‑‑‑Muchę̀’ dukàt. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dukàdii sànhtsoos. ‑‑‑‑Dotiiye widukàt. ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh widukàt. ‑‑‑‑Mulaschow dunachowa dundakàda!

’uza dukàt n.

ts’àle dukàdii n.

tsit’àskàda n. ʘ^ma (Rubus parviflora)

O‑kàt v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Lhìiskàt. ‑‑‑‑Yayiikàt. ‑‑‑‑Yukawnùskàt. ‑‑‑‑Mùnaniiskàt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mùnadnaskàde. ʘ^ma [PA *‑qa’:t’ “slap, clap” (L87)]

nù#O‑d-kùt v. (cont) ‑‑‑‑Naydùskàt. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màda nùsidukàt. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila nùsidùskùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùdaskàde. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane nùdoonkàdììnò.

> Kawdèghula Munè’ “unidentified lake near Ridgeway L.” see under khul²

> Kawdèya “area from Factor Ross Cr. to Galina L.” see under ya⁵

> kawniihtsòòs “small gully, draw” see under tsoos

kayoodii n. (Canis latrans) [from Eng]

kàà’

‑kàà’ n. (w) ‑‑‑‑mukàà’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Mukàà’ wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukàà’ duwachow. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune mukàà’ wìlę. Mugònè’ kàà’ ’uwìjàh. ‑‑‑‑Sukàà’ wik’oodidììh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį mukàà’ wìlę. Tlįį nayghìì’atl lǫ̀, mukàà’ wìlę. [PA *qa:q’e: “wound” (K05)]

ke¹

ke n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑kè’) ‑‑‑‑Deèdza nukè’ ninlaa? ‑‑‑‑Nukè’ ’udoo gwa sinhlha. Tlįį nukè’ wehkhàsììsį̀į̀. ‑‑‑‑Nukè’ dininyìs. ‑‑‑‑Sudowa ke ’ulàh. ʘ^ma

kuske n. (pr kuskeʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

‑kè’ n. (dim ‑kàazii) ‑‑‑‑’ukè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑tsà’ kè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Sukè’ ts’unè’ didììh. [PA *‑qe’ “foot” (K05)]

> ‑kechę̀’ “ankle” see under chę̀’

> kechine “hem, cuff of moccasin” see under chin

> ‑keschow “big toe” see under chow¹

> ‑kesch’ìdè’ chow “calf muscle, Achilles tendon” see under ch’ìdè’

> kesch’owa “moccasin with pointed toe” see under ch’oh

> ke dèdii “top of footwear” see under dèdii

> ’ukelhun “thick babiche” see under lhun

> ke mahii “top of footwear” see under mah

> ke za “moccasin” see under za

> ‑kè’ tii “second toe” see under tii

> ‑ke tl’ah “sole of the foot, horseshoe” see under tl’ah²

> ketl’ǫǫ “shoelaces” see under tl’ǫǫ

> ‑kestsudla “little toe” see under tsìtl

ke² go by boat

mom	kèh	kę	kelh	kèh
per	keh	keh	kelh	keh
prog	kelh
cust	keh

‑ke v. (mot) uniformly ‑kę for some speakers. [PA *qe:‑ŋ “go by boat” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑Nakelh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Frankie too gàh tùnakelh. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnòdzè yànakelh.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’ukeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’èh k’ìts’akeh.

mom ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è ts’idùskę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàsukę. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè dùskę. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sǫh ’ide too nìilįįde kuwahkę̀hìì. ʘ^em

cust ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ ’ìnònè yànukeh.

Mugàh Nùnaghdukehii pn. ʘ^lt

caus

dune ’edehkehii n.

’eghdehkehii ’ulà’ n.

ke³ pl obj go

mom	keh	kę	kelh	keh
per	keh	keh	kelh	keh
prog	kelh
cust	keh

D-ke v. (mot

per ‑‑‑‑Dichin k’èkeh.

mom ‑‑‑‑Nàakę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’òòna nàakę. ‑‑‑‑Sudahii nàakę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudahda nùwakę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’umawii nùghakę. For further example(s) of mom see tu¹ (under mot).

caus ‑‑‑‑Khunùs ’èh kuda ’uyàts’ehkehììzǫh all mugàh muyàts’ehkę.

cust For example(s) for cust see tu² (under cust).

nù#n-kę v. ‑‑‑‑Mukǫh ’ìdighè nawnèskę. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Wookǫh nùnawnèskę. ʘ^em

lhi-tù#d-n‑ke v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Sitl’oolhè’ lhitùdnùskę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii lhitùdnùskę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhitàwdnùskę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila ’èh lhitùts’idnùskę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode tl’oolh lhitàwdnùskę. Sòònas’įį ’udoo kùnawslèhii yòòht’e. ’Udoo lhiihts’è’ kùnawslehii.

kę du. sit

neu

kę

kę̀’

kę̀lh

kę̀’

D-kę v. (pos neu) [PA *qe: “pl. sit” (L87)]

impf (1d ts’uskę, 2d sah‑, 3d ghus‑) ‑‑‑‑Ghuskę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide ghuskę. ‑‑‑‑Sahkę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary ’èh Felix ’èh zǫh gwa kwùn ts’è’ ts’uskę.

pf (1d ts’akę̀’, 2d ghah‑, 3d gha‑) ‑‑‑‑Mugàh ghakę̀’.

P‑gàh D-kę v. ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh mugàh ghidakę̀lhe. ‑‑‑‑Mugàh wookę̀’ìì wukayghniizun.

’ì#H-kę v. ‑‑‑‑Mudowa ’ìts’ehkę.

sà#H-kę v. ‑‑‑‑Sàts’ehkę, jode. ‑‑‑‑Sàghehkę.

tsun-è#H-kę v. ‑‑‑‑Jode tsunèts’ehkę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsunèts’ehkę. Khuzà’ ’awdidii. ‑‑‑‑Gwa tsunèghehkę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tazowe two dune sukę. Gwa tsunèghehkę.

n-kę v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Gwuda ts’inùskę. ‑‑‑‑Tinùskę.

kę̀’

tsà’ kę̀’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Mun dįįdze tsà’ kę̀’ wìlę.

Tsà’ Kę̀’ Munè’ pn.

Duch’we Kę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

kedà

P‑kedà‑nu# vpf. (prog) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Mukedànastl’elh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukedànasdalh. ʘ^ma

> ‑kedeh “heel” see under deh¹

> ‑kegǫ̀’ “claw, toenail” see under gǫ̀’

kèh

P‑kèh p. ‑‑‑‑’Oosdlòzii lhoowe ch’ila laghidii. Koot’è’ nitsį̀į̀’ìì gòòlìì, medinhch’il dè’ ’uwute’e mukèh wintè’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nitsį̀į̀’ii gòòlii, ’uwute’e mukèh ghiintę̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma

> kèh “by means of it” see under èh

> kèhnahdzè’ “hillside, mountainside” see under nahdzè’

> kehsùs “gunny sack” see under zùs¹

> keht’àdii “boot liner, foot wrapping, doffle” see under t’àdii

kèhwilè adv. (pr kèhwilèʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kèhwilè dèkat’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kèhwilè ’utsugh. ‑‑‑‑Kèhwilè mawute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kèhwilè ’utsuts. ‑‑‑‑Kèhwilè ’ìtsòòwìì k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide wiihtè’ ’uyii sąs kìna’ììts’ut kèhwilè. ‑‑‑‑Kèhwilè nìdè’įį ’uwììhsų. ‑‑‑‑Kèhwilè ka’ììhlhah. For further example(s) of kèhwilè see ’ą¹ (under w-h‑’ǫ).

kèhwìlèhda adv. ‑‑‑‑Kèhwìlèhda kaghts’ììhlhah ’awts’oohsų̀’ii.

kegh

‑keghè’ n. (w) ‑‑‑‑mukeghè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Mukeghè’ duwatsìdla. ‑‑‑‑Kooyè mukeghè’ k’oodèya. ʘ^ma

Kesghàh prsn. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

> ‑kestsudla “little toe” see under tsìtl

kèt

dur

kèt

kèt

kèt

kèt

O‑oo-kèt v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Bùdii ’oonkèdo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wahkèdǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oots’iikèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì bùdii ’oots’iikèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ’oonkèda? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ’oodiinkèda? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Bùdii ’oots’idakède. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, bùdii ’oots’ookèdii. ʘ^ma [PA *u:‑0‑qe’:d “ask for, buy” (L87)]

impf (1s ’ooskèt, 2s ’oon‑, 3s ’oo‑, 1p ’oots’oo‑, 2p ’wah‑, 3p ’oowoo‑) ‑‑‑‑’Ooskèt dzè’ dèesya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ooskèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ bùdii ’wahkèdo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’wahkèdo? ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Hok, bùdii ’oonkèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ughę̀’ ’oonkèt. ‑‑‑‑Ts’upììsa sudowa ’oonkèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ bùdii ’oots’ookèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’oots’ookèt. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ookèt wuka dèhya. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ lìdii ts’ookèt. ʘ^ma

(dune) ’ookèt(de) n.

dune ’ookètde: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide dune ’ookètde k’ah yèda ’ute’e wìlęǫ? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

’ookèt: ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè dune nedììlehde, ’ookèt dzè’ wukudèhya. ʘ^ma

’oowookètde (kǫh) n.

’oowookètde: ‑‑‑‑’Oowookètde wuts’eh nughadùlh.

’oowookètde kǫh: ʘ^ma

nu#O‑oo-kèt v. ‑‑‑‑Na’oonkèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nawdaskède. ʘ^ma

P‑e#oo-h‑kèt v. ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ ye’oohkèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Bes suts’è’ ’e’oohkèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune dubesè’ suts’è’ ’e’oohkèdìì wukayniizų. ʘ^ma

’umawii ’udughe’ookèdii n.

> ketul “sock, moccasin cuff” see under tul¹

kètl’àh adv. (pr kèʹtl’àh) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kètl’àh muk’ànustą. ‑‑‑‑Gwa kètl’àh kǫh ’awts’idèdlàh. ‑‑‑‑Kuda k’ànustą gòòlii kètl’àh muk’ànustą. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune titsììkhighnii’ǫ. Kètl’àh mǫh dusdlòw. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of kètl’àh see dègh (under pf).

kets rigid goes

mom	kes	kets	kwus	kes
per	kwus	kwus	kwus	kwus
prog	kwus

D-kets v. (mot) [PA *qe:ts’ “sticklike object moves independently, falls” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑Nusodakwus.

per ‑‑‑‑’Uyii kwùdii k’èkwusii la ’umanleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii kwùdii k’èkwus. ’Umanleh. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Nàakets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Òòna tse tah nàakets. ‑‑‑‑Gwa ’ii ’òòna joo ’ii gwudzè’ tse tunukets. Gwudzè’ wuts’ehììt’è’ dìsts’ugh. For further example(s) of mom see ts’èhts’ìk.

keyiih n. (w) (psd ‑keyiih) ‑‑‑‑khukeyiih ‑‑‑‑Dune za keyiih ‑‑‑‑Keyiih wemàwii gwast’e. For further example(s) of keyiih see t’e¹ (under u#D-t’e).

keyiih wuchow n. ‑‑‑‑Andreas didòò dzenii yìtsè’è keyiih wuchow ts’è’ dayalhe. ʘ^ma

ki²

ki#gh-ìì‑ vpf. (

mot ‑‑‑‑Kighìsya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kights’ìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kights’ììdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kighììgèt. ‑‑‑‑Kights’idàdùlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kinaghts’ììdetl.

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Ya kighìn’ǫa?

kì

kì#ìì‑ vpf. (mom) kì’ìì‑ optionally ‑‑> kìì’ìì‑; kì’d ‑‑> ked.

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Tse kìts’ììla.

mot¹ ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, kì’ìnyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìtsè’è kìì’ìsya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane kìì’ììghę̀l. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kìì’ììts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’usba kìì’ììts’udii k’ànustą ’èh nukhuts’è’ nudèesja. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’uyii gwùndàn kednìsyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsè’è kìdàasyalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gwùndàn kednàasyolhe. ʘ^ma For further examples of mot¹ see khę̀l (under prog); tlat (under mom¹).

opt kì’òò ‑‑> kòò’òò optionally; “it’s the same” MA. (1s kì’òòs‑/kòò’òòs‑, 2s kì’oon‑/kòò’oon‑, 3s kì’òò‑/kòò’òò‑, 1p kìts’oo‑, 2p kì’wah‑, 3p kìghoo‑) ‑‑‑‑Kì’òòsyà’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka kòò’òòsyà’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kì’oonyà’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kòò’oonyà’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kì’oonts’iidìì nò. ‑‑‑‑Ya ka kì’òòyà’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ya ka ’ìtsè’è kòò’òòyà’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kì’òòyà’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka kìghòò’àsa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kìts’oo’àsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kòò’wah’àsǫ? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

Kwùlą Kè’ììts’utde pn. ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation of this place. ‑‑‑‑dune kìi’ììts’utde ʘ^ma

kì#d-ìì‑ vpf. (mom) For example(s) for kì#d-ìì‑ see yoot (under mom).

mot² ‑‑‑‑Kinudìndah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide sǫ kinudìndah wulè’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdìdze dune kìdàdùlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune kìdàdùlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnosdè’ taàmah kìdììya. ‑‑‑‑Too gàh kighdììdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kìts’idìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kednìsyòòt ‑‑‑‑Kednìsya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kesidnììya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma kednìnya? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kesighdnìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie keghdnìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie kets’idnìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kìts’idììdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kints’idììdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kints’idììt’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode sǫ kinudìndahìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode sǫ kinudoonjà’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide sǫ ’ide dzene kindoonjà’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza kindìndaha dinii? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ìdìdze kindìsja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Behchinè’ ’èh kìtl’undìstsuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè kìts’idìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda ’ets’idiihch’il. Yìtsè’è taàmah kìts’idììgę. ‑‑‑‑Kuda kìts’idìì’atsde bokh nawdidììh. ‑‑‑‑Mun` mah kìts’idìì’ats. ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ wookeyiih kìts’idììdetl. ‑‑‑‑Duwatsidla ’utsùn kudèehgwun ’ii tl’ǫh la yìdìdze nudèesgę. Joohdè’ kindìsja. ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ ts’elę kìdììlįįde kùnughakę. ʘ^em For further examples of mot² see kwùdàtą (under Kwùdàtą); zùs¹ (under Wudzįįh Zùs).

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Kiidìì’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo joo joohdè’ woodowa kints’idììla.

ext ‑‑‑‑Khits’ìs’une ’ìdahdze wutladii kìnùdìì’ą. For further example(s) of ext see t’ii (under O‑h-t’ii).

kì#gh-n‑ìì‑ vpf. cnj n‑ may be used in place of n-ìì‑.

mot ‑‑‑‑Kighdìì’ąii kighnìnyah. For further example(s) of mot see ba’a (under prog).

clf ‑‑‑‑Kighnètǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ni’òònà’ dùdètǫ gàh kighnètǫ.

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Kìnaghnìintį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkighdìì’ą kìnaghnìintį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì kìnaghnìistǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tazowe subehchinè’ kighnìnistǫ ’ii tl’ǫh kwiisya. ‑‑‑‑Khuts’èhts’ìgè’ kights’inìnitǫ.

> kì(‑chi)#gh-n‑ìì‑da “sg. sit leaning” see under da³

> kidatune “front porch, walkway” see under tune

> kighdìì’ą “ladder” see under ’ą²

kìlh

ts’-h‑kìlh v. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ehkìlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sutehmè’ ts’ehkìlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudàts’iskìlhǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’ut’ewa ghits’ehkìlh. ‑‑‑‑Sughelè’ tììyè’ ts’ehkìlhahlàh. ‑‑‑‑Ghits’ehkìlhaghujàh.

kìt

d-kìt v. ‑‑‑‑Dikìt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑kuda zùs dikìdii ‑‑‑‑Yus dikìt. ‑‑‑‑Tun dikìt. ‑‑‑‑K’wus k’ula dikìt ’òòwììht’e.

kǫ int. yes/no question; can occur with or without ‑ǫ suffix.

without ‑ǫ ‑‑‑‑Kǫ sindlii? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫ nunìndzììl? ‑‑‑‑Kǫ sidìnts’ugh? ‑‑‑‑Kǫ nudiintsudze?

with ‑ǫ ‑‑‑‑Kǫ nukwùdìinhk’ǫ‑ǫ? ‑‑‑‑Kǫ khǫhdìì kidooniindìì’ǫ? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of with ‑ǫ see jàh (under dur).

kǫh n. (w) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑kǫh, dim kǫha) ‑‑‑‑nukǫh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑sukǫh ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Bedaux kǫh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh ’awweh’įį. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ kǫh wèh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Yìdàde kǫh wèh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh ’uwoosdlehii. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh nìdè’įį. [PA *qə’m’e: “house” (K05)]

kǫha n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫha tazowe kinawdìn’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

Kǫh Wumunè’ pn.

dune kùduyahii kǫh n.

tasdlęha kǫh n. ʘ^ma

tazowe kǫh n.

tsatsònè’ kǫh n.

> kǫh wuch’owa “teepee” see under ch’oh

> kǫh ’uta’ugǫhde “smokehouse” see under gwun²

> kǫh wuts’ughe “front side of house” see under ts’ughe

> kǫh nì#ya/’ats “sg./du. marry, live with as spouse” see under ya³

kǫ̀h

conc

kǫ̀h

kǫ̀h

kǫ̀h

kǫ̀h

O‑h-kǫ̀h v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Siihkǫ̀h. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Sinhkǫ̀hǫ? ‑‑‑‑Kuda sehkǫ̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yoohkǫ̀hìì wukayniizun. [cf. ‑kàà’ “wound”]

pass ‑‑‑‑’Ii la kuda sukǫ̀hii.

ko-òdza

‑ko-òdza n. (pr ‑ko-òdzaʹ) ‑‑‑‑’uko-òdza ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑gwùndàn ko-òdza

kǫ̀za

d-n‑kǫ̀za v. ‑‑‑‑Nidnakǫ̀za. ‑‑‑‑Muk’àwdnùskǫ̀zaghììlàh.

kot n. (psd ‑kodè’) variant of got. ‑‑‑‑Ya sukodè’ dùdiihtsòòs? For further example(s) of kot see ’ę̀sha (under d-h‑’ę̀sha).

kǫǫ? exp. ʘ^em [cf. kǫ yes/no question]

koo’ì

koo’ì# vpf. (gh mom) often occurs with nu#D‑ iterative. [cf. kwus’įįh “hiding”]

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Didii sudowa koo’in’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila sudowa koo’inhtèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide la dzèh koo’ìis’ǫ. ’Ii sǫ ’udoo Louie yinawòòh’ą̀hìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhudahii koo’ìnahleh. For further examples of clf-mot see d¹ (under d-D‑); dądzii (under ‑dądzii).

mot ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè koo’ìnundah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koo’ìts’ii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koo’ìnasja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koo’ìnastl’a. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudastǫh koo’ìnughadetl. ʘ^ma

koo’ìts’è’ adv. ‑‑‑‑Kwa koo’ìts’è’ dugetde, sis’òòn. ʘ^ma

koodeh adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį koodeh dune dawootlat. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nulèè’ koodeh dune dawootlat. ʘ^ma

koodehlìì adv. (pr koodeʹhlìì) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koodehlìì kwunaja. ‑‑‑‑Koodehlìì Edna dzednisyòòt. ʘ^ma [cf. lìì “only, just, by mistake”]

> koodi’į̀į̀hde “school” see under ’į̀į̀h¹

kooh

kooh‑ dirpf. variant of gòòh‑. ‑‑‑‑koohdè’è ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koohdighè tunts’ust’ats. ‑‑‑‑Koohtsè’è nùdèhya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koohnònè wuts’è’ joo dune ’udìs’òòn. For further example(s) of kooh‑ see tl’ųsa (under d-ìì‑tl’ųsa).

kòòh adv. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kòòh zǫh noodè’įį lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide kòòh gah si’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Jo wuts’eh kòòh nudèesja. ‑‑‑‑Kòòh zǫh muk’èh noodè’įį lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kòòh keghidììh. ʘ^ma

kòòh wuts’eh adv. ‑‑‑‑Kòòh wuts’eh George ’udoo sugàh nawit’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Kòòh yìtsè’è nudìinja wuts’eh dzah koodiin’į̀į̀’.

> kòòh dǫ̀h “long ago” see under dǫ̀h

> kòòhììt’è’ “just then, at that time” see under ììt’è’

> kàhgàdò kòòh kàhgàdò “day before yesterday” see under kàhgà

> tachǫh kòòh tachǫh “day before yesterday” see under tachǫh

> kooht’e “that kind, that sort of thing” see under t’e¹

kooht’è’, koot’è’ adv.

kooht’è’: ‑‑‑‑Kooht’è’ ’ìnosdè’ bus yiih kaghut’è zǫh ’ìdighè tùghusdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, kooht’è’ yahnònè dude ka kwùjoo.

koot’è’: ‑‑‑‑Lhèhgą̀hèt’è’ sawdus’ąhììzǫh koot’è’ nunèestę. ʘ^ma

koot’è’, koot’edè’, koot’èdè’ exp.

koot’è’: ‑‑‑‑Tachǫhii gòòlìì ’udoo yèda ts’izehkhe dè’, koot’è’ kǫh ts’è’ nuts’idoot’àsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, koot’è’ dawdinh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tinh’ine. Koot’è’, ’umà’ dinii. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

koot’edè’: ‑‑‑‑Koot’edè’ muzǫh kaynuszų. ʘ^ma

koot’èdè’: ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Koot’èdè’. Lhawìì sinda. ʘ^em

> koonèhtsòòsde “dip (in road, trail), ditch, moat” see under tsoos

koowà, kooyà det.

koowà: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koowà k’indahǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koowà la k’èesdah. Kwùla gwudzè’ nudasdalhe. ʘ^ma

kooyà: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyà k’indahǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ǫ, kooyà la k’èesdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyà wumah k’èsdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyà nawdiinlelh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyà nayts’idoo’į̀į̀hii.

> kooyè “around there” see under yè²

ku¹ through

ku#O‑d-ìì‑ vpf.

succ ‑‑‑‑Kudìs’òòn.

ext ‑‑‑‑Kawdè’ą. ‑‑‑‑Kawdèya. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè Ridgeway gwudzè’ kawdè’ąde gwudzè’ joo ’utune wìlę.

ku#gh-d‑ vpf. (s) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii kuda ts’è’ kaghdin’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo muts’è’ kheht’ǫ̀’ kaghts’idìs’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Too kaghdèhgwun. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį kaghdèhgwun.

> ku#O‑gh-d‑dǫ “drink up, drink all of O” see under dǫ

> P‑ku#d-H‑zulh “yell, shout, holler for P” see under sulh

> P‑ku#t’e “be after P, hunt for P” see under t’e¹

> ku#O‑gh-d‑tsuts “eat up, eat last of O” see under tsuts²

ku² for

P‑ku# vpf. (s) occurs with mot verbs; variant of kù. ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, khudii, mukuts’idoo’àsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nugahè’ kunundah. Kwùsǫ sehjidìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duje [dude] dune yuk’eh kunadùlhde, ’usba, wudzįįh. ʘ^lt ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo ’eht’ǫ kunts’ust’ats. ‑‑‑‑Yìnònè la ’utsùn kunts’udùlh ghiilè’, yìnònè tse k’eh. ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ kunsuja. ‑‑‑‑Edna kunts’idat’àse lawììht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mu’ahè’ mùnlèh. Duyèlhè’ kundoojà’ìì wukayniizun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukundakelhe. [cf. ‑ka “for (the purpose of)”]

> P‑ku#y-d‑’įį “look for, watch for P” see under ’įį⁴

> P‑ku#d-gwun “P dries slightly” see under gwun²

> ku#t’ǫǫts “be thick” see under t’ǫǫts

ku³ out

> ku#O‑duts “pluck O” see under duts¹

> ku#O‑h-jeh “scrape O” see under jeh

> ku#O‑d-n‑kùt “sprain, dislocate O” see under kùt

> ku#luts “urinate, pee” see under lhuts

> ku#H-tlah “shed” see under tlat

kù

kù# vpf. (gh mom) For examples for kù# see tsut (under O‑h-tsut); ts’ùt (under cust).

mot ‑‑‑‑Supocketè’ kàats’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kùna’įį. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kunts’adetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè too gàh wuts’eh kunts’adetl. For further example(s) of mot see tsut (under H-tsut).

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Sudowa kùyii’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide wuts’eh kunlèh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn kùghiihyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Kùnawslèhii. ‑‑‑‑Kùnudidas’ąlhe. For further example(s) of clf-mot see ’a (under mom).

succ ‑‑‑‑Mut’aghè’ kùnunht’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kùyiit’ats. ‑‑‑‑Kìis’ets. ‑‑‑‑Kìihch’il. ‑‑‑‑Kìis’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Kùnudiihduts. ‑‑‑‑Mut’àh kùna’iisdòòz. For further examples of succ see khàs (under mom); tl’ùts¹ (under ‑tl’ùdzè’).

ext

kù#d‑ vpf. (s mom

mot¹ ‑‑‑‑Kùdèhya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kùts’idùs’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kùdasgolhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wuts’eh kùnudèhtl’a. For further example(s) of mot¹ see ts’os (under mom).

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Dudahii kùdùsla.

P‑kù‑nu#h‑ vpf. (gh) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Mukùnats’iih’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yikùna’iihyha. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìghè’ kuda ’ukùnats’iihkę, dune dowa. ‑‑‑‑7‑mile wuts’eh ’ìdahdzè’ ’utsùn ’ukùnats’iihkę.

P‑kù# vpf. (s) occurs with mot verbs; variant of ku#. ‑‑‑‑’Usdii dzį̀į̀s kùnudùsja. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn kùsuya. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane kùnuyii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mèh k’èhtl’ehii ’èh mukùnusustl’a. For further example(s) of P‑kù# see sè’.

> kù#O‑d-h‑dègh “run out of O” see under dègh

> kù‑nu-dzi#d-D‑dìì’ “revive, come to” see under dii²

> Gat Tahii Kìilįį Ts’elę̀’ “Tree Cr.” see under lįį¹

> Kwùlą Suda Wuts’eh ’Ii Ts’elę Kìilįį “Cutoff Cr.” see under lįį¹

> Tse Tah Wuts’eh Ts’elę Kìilįį “Ivar Cr., Ruby Red Cr.” see under lįį¹

> Ts’ùbe Tah Kìilįį “Del Cr.” see under lįį¹

> too kùdilį̀į̀hii “spring of water” see under lįį¹

> kù#tsǫ̀’ “defecate” see under tsǫ̀’

> kù#d-ya/’ats/detl “sg./du./pl. use washroom” see under ya³

> yhììh kù#ya/’ats/detl “stay alive, survive” see under ya³

kùch

dur

kùch

kùch

kùch

kùch

lhi#O‑D-kùch v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Diilà’ lhekùch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dukè’ lhekùch. ‑‑‑‑Khiilà’ lhits’akùch.

kuda n. (pr kuʹda) ʘ^ma (Alces alces andersoni) variant of khuda. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè tse tl’ahii gàh kuda nùdèhya. [from Kas kudaa, kedaa, from PA *x̣ə-na:‑yi: “game animal, esp. ruminant” (lit. “that which moves (or lives)”) (Leer p.c.))]

Kuda Munè’ pn.

Kuda Munè’ pn.

Kuda Munè’ pn.

> kuda jìjè’ “western mountain ash” see under jìje

> kuda ma “cow moose” see under ma²

kùja

‑kùja v. ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ dakùja. ‑‑‑‑Lhinììkùja. ‑‑‑‑Lhinììkùjajàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tola lhinììkùjaslàh. ʘ^ma

mitsìì’ lhinììkùja n. ʘ^ma (Hirundo pyrrhonota, Riparia riparia, or Tachycineta thalassina)

kùlh

n-kùlh v. ‑‑‑‑Sughelè’ nukùlh. ‑‑‑‑Ts’inekùlh. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’òne nukùlh. Mitsinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninla niinkùlh. Sinii ts’usdòna. ʘ^ma

kùmants’uz n. (pr kùmants’uʹz) ʘ^ma (Gaultheria humifusa)

> kuske “boot” see under ke¹

kusk’eh adv. (pr kuʹsk’eh) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kusk’eh la ’uwute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kusk’eh la soonè’ seht’ę. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii kusk’eh kunleh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kusk’eh widindèh. ‑‑‑‑Mama ’udoo kusk’eh soonè’ ’eht’ès. Sdoh t’àh yeht’ès. ʘ^ma

kusk’ehdze adv. (pr k’usk’eʹhdze) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑kusk’ehdze la ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kusk’ehdze la dune ’uyeh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Siilh daghdèht’ǫ, mut’àh ’ughdèht’ǫ dowa. Kusk’ehdze ’udoo yèda ’unu’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Kusk’ehdze la jo khukeyiih dune ts’iilę ghiilè’. Didòò ’udoo kawììht’awìjàh.

dèkusk’ehdza wh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sugodè’ dèkusk’ehdza moodat’ą? ‑‑‑‑Dèkusk’ehdza yeht’èsa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkusk’ehdza nits’oowoodudèha? Khuzàghè’ nits’oowoodudèh? ʘ^ma For further examples of dèkusk’ehdza see k’ǫ (under cust); ya³ (under opt).

kùt

conc

kùt

kùt

kùt

kùt

D-kùt v. ‑‑‑‑Sukùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukechę̀’ sukùt. ‑‑‑‑Mukechę̀’ lhekùt.

caus ‑‑‑‑’Ii ts’ùdè’ gwuda ninhkùt.

nun k’eh sehkùda n. ʘ^ma (Peltigera canina or aphthosa)

ku#O‑d-n‑kùt v. ‑‑‑‑Sulachę̀’ kudnakùt. ‑‑‑‑Mits’izoolè’ kudnakùt.

P‑dòò‑nu#d-h‑kùt v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Sudowa ’udòònudinhkùt. ‑‑‑‑Mukè’ dòònuts’idoohkùdii. ‑‑‑‑Mudowa midòònudèehkùt.

mèh ’udòònudehkùdii n.

P‑e#d-h‑kùt v. ‑‑‑‑Mukaghe medinhkùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’eh medinhkùt. ʘ^ma

refl ‑‑‑‑Wìsdlii. ’Udughedinkùt.

kùtl

dahkùdlè’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma (Rubus idaeus) ‑‑‑‑Yìdakhwìì dahkùdlè’ ts’inoobę̀’ii. ʘ^ma

nun k’eh sukùdla n. ʘ^ma (Peltigera canina or aphthosa)

kutl’e n. (pr kutl’eʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo tlįį kutl’e da yaghehtich. ‑‑‑‑tachǫh kutl’e ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e ’udoo shòwà’ sustę da, ’udoo shòwà’ ka’ìslhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kutl’e sinda. ’Ìkwùdin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma For further examples of kutl’e see ’ą̀’² (under cust); k (under k‑). [cf. nù#d-h‑khetl “get dark”]

didòò kutl’e adv. For examples for didòò kutl’e see dììh² (under dzi#d-dììh); kwuno (under perfective verb); yaàno.

kutl’edzii adv.

kutl’edzii kòòh kutl’edzii adv.

> kutl’e wubàbiisà’ “moth” see under bàbììsa

> kutl’e dè’ “in the dark” see under dè’¹

> kutl’e dǫ̀h “last night, in the morning” see under dǫ̀h

> kutl’e tusdii “midnight” see under tus

kwa adv. ʘ^ma short form of kwùla. ‑‑‑‑Kwa widnùstl’ùts. ‑‑‑‑Kwa nawdììgà’.

> kwatsinè’ “finally, after a while” see under tsinè’

kwązii adv. variant of khwązii. ‑‑‑‑Kwązii nùdidahkhùlhe.

kwèdè’ adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwèdè’ tunudèhtl’a ʘ^ma

kweh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑kweh) ‑‑‑‑Mukweh yhèlh nin’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Kweh sinda.

kwęhdzè’ adv. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kwęhdzè’ dèhya. ʘ^em

kwehdzè’ wudèh’ąde n. ʘ^ma

kwu# vpf. (s neu) occurs with pos verbs. ‑‑‑‑Kwusinda. ʘ^ma

kwu# vpf. (gh mom) occurs with mot verbs.

impf (1s kwes‑, 2s kwin‑, 3s kwe‑, 1p kwuts’u‑, 2p kwah‑, 3p koowu‑) ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ kwinyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ kwah’às. ʘ^ma

pf (1s kwiis‑, 2s kwiin‑, 3s kwii‑, 1p kwuts’ii‑, 2p kwah‑, 3p koowii‑) ‑‑‑‑Kwiiya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwuts’ii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwunaja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’èh kwestl’a. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwesgèt. ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo kwunaja. ‑‑‑‑Nun yiih kwuyiihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwahdèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sa kwudidùs’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwunayniiyòòt. For further example(s) of pf see ts’os (under mom).

fut (1s kwudas‑, 2s kwudiin‑, 3s kwuda‑, 1p kwuts’ida‑, 2p kwudah‑, 3p koowda‑) ‑‑‑‑Kwudasyalhe. ‑‑‑‑Kwuts’idadùlhe. For further example(s) of fut see te² (under mom).

opt (1s koos‑, 2s koon‑, 3s koo‑, 1p kwuts’oo‑, 2p koowah‑, 3p koowoo‑) ‑‑‑‑Koosyà’ii. ‑‑‑‑Kwuts’oodèlii. For further example(s) of opt see dè’¹ (under kutl’e dè’).

kwu#¹ vpf. (gh~n mom) occurs with clf-mot verbs. For example(s) for kwu#¹ see ’òòsbììba.

gh cnj: ‑‑‑‑Koowwii’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Kwuts’iila. ʘ^ma

n cnj: ‑‑‑‑Kwuniisla. ‑‑‑‑Kwuts’iniila. ʘ^ma

kwu-nu#n-ìì‑D‑, kwu#d-n‑ìì‑D‑ vpf. (mom) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Muts’è’ kwunts’inòòdèlii.

pf (1s kwununìs‑, 2s kwununìn‑, 3s kwununìì‑, 1p kwunts’inìì‑, 2p kwununàh‑, 3p kwunaghnìì‑) ‑‑‑‑Muts’è’ kwununìsja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwunnììstl’a. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ kwununìnja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ kwununììja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muts’è’ kwunts’inììdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ kwununàhdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ kwunaghnììdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muts’è’ kwununìsja lǫ̀.

> kwu#O‑d-n‑le “plant O” see under la²

> P‑tl’à’ kwu#n‑ “out of P’s hands” see under tl’ù

> P‑tl’à‑kwu# “away from P” see under tl’ù

kwii vomit

conc

kwii

kwii

kwii

kwii

nu#kwii v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Nusikwii. ‑‑‑‑Nawdakwiiye. [PA *qʊy “vomit” (K05)]

caus ‑‑‑‑’Udulè’ ’inusiihkwii.

> kwu# “inside, within, under” see under kweh

kwucha exp. (pr kwuchaʹ) ʘ^ma

> kwùdah “by the fire” see under kwùn

> kwudasǫ “maybe” see under sǫ

Kwùdàtą pn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdàtą gàh kìdìsya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè Kwùdàtą gàh jìje chow nùstlǫ. ʘ^ma

kwùdii adv. (pr kwùdiiʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii suda. ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii k’e’ist’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Ide kwùdii kant’e. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kwùdii kant’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kwùdii tùwindèh.

kwùdii exp. ʘ^ma

> kwùdii ‑ììzǫh “really” see under ììzǫh

kwùjoo adv. (pr kwùjooʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo nats’utsuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo gwudzè’ nudoonjà’ii. ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo nudisdii. ʘ^ma [cf. joo “too, also”]

kwùla adv. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’ughujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla minèehdun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla dukǫh dzè’ nudadalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla kwudasyalhe. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune tsà’ chę̀’ mudowa siih’ǫii kwùla ’ìdà’è dèhya. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla nuba kwune ghidùskę. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ts’a’įį.

> kwùla#D-jàh “finish, be finished” see under jàh

> kwùla kakeh “forever, for good, permanently” see under kakeh

> kwùla#O‑làh “finish O” see under làh

> kwùlaà#t’e “do, accomplish” see under t’e¹

> kwùla tsinè’ “finally, after a while” see under tsinè’

kwùlą n. (pr kwùląʹ) ʘ^ma (psd ‑kwùlą̀’, pl kwùlęwa) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila dukwùlą̀’ ’uwidutsùn. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo kwùlewą kwune wiilà’ nun’ą. For further example(s) of kwùlą see ts’ii³ (under d-H‑ts’ii).

Kwùlą Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

> Old Man Kìchighnèdade “unidentified place on Warneford R.” see under da³

> Kwùlą Dotiiyè’ “McConnell Pass” see under dotiiye

> Kwùlą Suda Wuts’eh ’Ii Ts’elę Kìilįį “Cutoff Cr.” see under lįį¹

kwùn n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑kwùnè’) ‑‑‑‑Kwùn ghaghts’ììhlhah. ʘ^ma [PA *qʊ’n’ “fire” (L87)]

fire, stove: ‑‑‑‑Kwùn gàh nìniikǫ. ‑‑‑‑Too kwùn k’eh dunkàh. ‑‑‑‑Kwùn kaghe ’inht’ès. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too kwùn kaghe dusinkàh.

light: ‑‑‑‑Kwùn ’èh kwùdnii’ǫ.

power: ‑‑‑‑’Uyii kwùn ’udidèhzut.

lììyap kwùnè’ n. For example(s) for lììyap kwùnè’ see jit¹ (under P‑ì#w-n‑jit).

nàhtunii kwùnè’ n.

tl’oolh kwùnè’ n. (psd ‑tl’oolhè’ kwùnè’) ‑‑‑‑Nitl’oolhè’ kwùnè’ k’ula ’idooniindìì’

kwùdah pp. ‑‑‑‑Kwùdah sinda. Nunìndziilh. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį kwùdah k’ègwuch.

‑kwùn v. ‑‑‑‑Kwùn sukwùn. ‑‑‑‑Wùskwùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’umawii sukwùnii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suskwùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii sukwùnii sùnkàh. ʘ^ma

> kwùn dìì’ “by heat, light” see under dìì’²

> kwùn k’èh “fireplace” see under k’èh

> kwùn k’i-nu#w-n‑le “extinguish, put out fire” see under la²

> kwùn gha’ììhlhahii “fire-fighter” see under lhah

> kwùn mah “fire line” see under mah

> kwùn twè’ “whiskey, any alcoholic beverage” see under too¹

> kwùn diduyahii “flame” see under ya⁵

> kwùn yaz “purgatory” see under yaz

kwune

ti#kwune v. ‑‑‑‑Tekwune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jìje tekwune.

> kwune see under ’ùkoo

kwuno adv. (pr kwunoʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^ei occurs with imperfective or perfective verb. [cf. yaàno “hopefully, I wish”]

perfective verb: ‑‑‑‑Kwuno kuda ’èwsiih’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwuno dune ch’ila ’ewìsiih’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwuno didòò kutl’e dune ’ewìsiih’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwuno tanèehdègh. ʘ^ma

imperfective verb: ‑‑‑‑Kwuno dune ’ewìs’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwuno ’umawii ch’ila lhundudah. ʘ^ma

kwus cough, cold

dur

kwus

kwus

kwus

kwus

d-D‑kwus v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Dukwus. ʘ^ma ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Duskwus. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dinkwus. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dakwus. ‑‑‑‑Tii ’usdǫ da duskwus. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of d-D‑kwus see ts’oostsęhe. [PA *l-qʊs-x̣ “cough” (K05)]

’udukwus n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udukwus ’usììlàh. ‑‑‑‑’Udukwus dzah nùsehsut.

> kwus’įįh “hidden, out of sight” see under ’įįh¹

kwùsda

ni#d-n‑kwùsda v. ‑‑‑‑Nidnakwùsda.

taskwùsda n. (pr taskwùsdaʹ) ʘ^ma (Eutamias minimus)

kwusdè’ adv. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kwusdè’ bus yiih ’ikaghut’e. ʘ^em

> kwùsǫ “must be, must have, probably” see under sǫ

> kwùzùs “pouch” see under zùs¹

> kwùtah “house to house” see under tah¹

K’

k’a

‑k’a n. ‑‑‑‑’uk’a ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Uk’a ’ustsuts da sawute’e. ‑‑‑‑Muk’a nidòòwè. ’Uch’ìdè’ zǫh ’ulę. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii yuk’a joo lhik’iit’ats. For further example(s) of ‑k’a see ’¹ (under e‑). [PA *q’αx̣ “fat” (L87)]

‑nahk’a n. ‑‑‑‑’Unahk’a dinasdzę̀dle.

> ’uk’ahchą̀jè’ “rendered fat with crackling” see under chą̀jè’

k’à

lhik’à# vpf. occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Lhik’àsudetl. ‑‑‑‑Dune lhik’àsudetl. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

> P‑k’à#ya/’ats/detl “go visit P” see under ya³

k’à’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑k’à’, ‑k’a’) ‑‑‑‑bes k’à’ ‑‑‑‑K’à’ ’udnindleh. ‑‑‑‑Muk’à’ wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Muk’à’ nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Subesè’ k’à’ nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Suk’à’ sùnlèh. ‑‑‑‑Lhìghè’ nuk’à’ sùntį̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Duk’à’ kìihdlat. ʘ^ma [PA *q’a’ “arrow” (K05)]

> ‑k’à#w-d‑D-nii “blade is sharp” see under nii²

> k’à’ tl’oolh “string attached to arrowhead” see under tl’oolh

k’ądza

d-k’ądza v. ‑‑‑‑Duk’ądza. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’òòst’ę duk’ądza ‑‑‑‑K’wus duk’ądza. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ duk’ądza. ‑‑‑‑Ditsììghà’ duk’ądzawìdlàh. ‑‑‑‑’Iibazii duk’ądzanajàh.

dist ‑‑‑‑Mutl’àde nawdììk’ądza. ʘ^ma

lhoowe duk’ądza n. ʘ^ma (Coregonus clupeaformis or Prosopium williamsoni)

sąs duk’ądza n.

k’ah¹

tse k’ahii n. (psd ‑tse k’ahè’) ‑‑‑‑Tse k’ahii mu’èh subesè’ nusk’às.

k’ah²

k’ah¹ int. ʘ^em emphatic interrogative marker used with yes/no or wh‑ questions; variant of k’àh. ‑‑‑‑K’ah ’in’į̀į̀hǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ah ninii ’ooht’eo? ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑K’ah dèkunt’ea? ‑‑‑‑K’ah ka’oonhlhahii ywànt’eǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ah ’usdii k’à’ wìlęǫ? For further examples of k’ah¹ see ’įį⁴ (under O‑’įį); dàna; kèt (under dune ’ookètde); nì (under ‑gàh nì#O‑); zus (under P‑e#d-d‑zus); shòwà’.

k’ah² adv. ‑‑‑‑K’àh sudowa ’uwììht’e. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑K’ah kesdììha ’udawdesà sànuniin’ǫa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ah nukǫh nudahii sinhlha. ’Wèdè’ nudinleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ah ts’ìkts’ìk k’eh dusuda. ʘ^em [cf. k’ahkooh, k’ahkòòh, k’akòòh negative imperative emphasizer]

k’ah³ exp. ‑‑‑‑K’ah, supanè’ ’inlę wuk’èh, nuk’ǫ̀wast’e. For further example(s) of k’ah³ see ts’ǫǫh (under d-ts’ǫǫh).

k’àh adv. ʘ^em emphatic interrogative marker used with yes/no or wh‑ questions; variant of k’ah. ‑‑‑‑K’àh kindììhǫ? ‑‑‑‑K’àh, tsuts ’unlehǫ? ‑‑‑‑K’àh wìdiniiǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii nidįį? K’àh ’ah’į̀į̀ho? Nidįį? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“’Ii tl’ǫh k’àh lhìghè’ tsà’ gòòlii mi’įįh zìinhkhęǫ?” Daddy sèhnii.

k’ahkooh, k’ahkòòh, k’akòòh adv.

k’ahkooh: (pr k’ahkooʹh) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ahkooh dèkunt’ea? ‑‑‑‑K’ahkooh deèdza wukant’ea? ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo k’ahkooh nunèestę lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑K’ahkooh nùdoontàlììnò.

k’ahkòòh: For examples for k’ahkòòh see jǫǫlh (under per); ts’ùt (under w-ts’ùt).

k’akòòh: ʘ^em

k’as

mom	k’as	k’as	k’as	k’as
per	k’as	k’as	k’as	k’as

O‑h-k’as v. (clf-mot

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìyiihk’as.

mom ‑‑‑‑Sitsììghedè’ sits’ìdinhk’as. ‑‑‑‑Nìihk’as. ‑‑‑‑Tse ’ònè dèehk’as. ‑‑‑‑Tiniihk’as. ‑‑‑‑Sinii ledazǫh ’udèehk’as.

k’às¹

per

k’às

.

O‑h-k’às v. less common variant of O‑h-khàtl. ‑‑‑‑Mìsdzįįh dloona k’èhk’às. ʘ^ma

k’às²

‑k’àsè’ n. ‑‑‑‑suk’àsè’ ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑k’àsè’ see e² (under P‑e#n-ìì‑¹).

lhoowe k’àsè’ n.

chǫ k’àsè’ n. ʘ^ma (Ixoreus naevius)

> ‑k’àsè’ d-diih “strangle, choke” see under dìì’¹

> ‑k’àsè’ n-doos “choke” see under doos

k’ą̀sa

‑k’ą̀sa v. ‑‑‑‑Kak’ą̀sa. ‑‑‑‑Dzenèes kuwak’ą̀sa.

Dune Kak’ą̀sa Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^lt

k’àtèle n. (pr k’àtèleʹ) ʘ^ma (Populus balsamifera, subspecies balsamifera) ‑‑‑‑’Uts’unè’ didììhii dowa ’ute’e, ’ùkoo k’àtèle.

k’àts¹

conc

k’às

k’àts

k’às

k’às

O‑k’àts v.

conc ‑‑‑‑Nunk’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nubesè’ nunk’às. ‑‑‑‑Nayùsk’ats lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Nusink’àdzǫ?

tse mèh ’uts’uk’àsii n.

k’àts², k’az

mom	k’as	k’àts	k’as	k’as
neu	k’àts			.
prog	k’as

wuk’az n. For example(s) for wuk’az see t’e¹ (under with sentential argument).

‑k’àts v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑’Iihts’ii suk’àts. ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ wèhzul da ’udoo too suk’àdzii wànkàh. Too zul la woots’ate’e. ʘ^ma [PA *‑q’α’ts’ “be cold” (L87)]

(nu#)n-ìì‑k’àts v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Winàk’as, nawnàk’as.

mom ‑‑‑‑Nunììk’àts. ‑‑‑‑Nawnììk’àts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wudnàk’ase noodlii. ‑‑‑‑Nunòòk’asii dowa muts’è’ ts’uskę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Winòòk’asii wùkaynuszų.

caus ‑‑‑‑Nilìdiiyè’ nunìnhk’as. ‑‑‑‑Nunììhk’àts.

nu#d-h‑k’àts v. ‑‑‑‑Lhèhgą̀h nudèhk’àts.

P‑ts’i#d-h‑k’àts v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune mits’idèhk’àts. ʘ^ma

k’e

P‑k’e# vpf. (gh) pl subjects or objects. For examples for P‑k’e# see ’òòn (under mom); dzots (under mom); ghǫ (under O‑ghǫ); tàts¹ (under mom); tun¹ (under ‑tun¹).

k’ę̀’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Amelanchier alnifolia) [PA *q’i’:n’ “saskatoon” (K05)]

> k’ebats’èhè’ “thread” see under ts’èh

k’eh

‑k’eh n. ‑‑‑‑muk’eh ʘ^ma ʘ^ei For further example(s) of ‑k’eh see kùt (under P‑e#d-h‑kùt).

on: ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wuk’eh dusuda. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane ’wèdè’ kǫh wuk’eh kinètal. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh nùde. ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh nàats’ut. ‑‑‑‑Ya nuts’unè’ k’eh nìnii’ǫa? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii yus muk’eh nungut. ‑‑‑‑’Ide kwùn k’eh tlįį suda. ‑‑‑‑Mun k’eh k’èdah. Tun k’eh k’èdah. ‑‑‑‑Ya k’eha ’udast’èsa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudahii wuk’eh ts’idoolèhii. ʘ^em

on lap of: ‑‑‑‑Tlązii suk’eh nìniihtę. ‑‑‑‑ma k’eha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuk’eh sinh’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda joo duk’eh nèyniihtę. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gah suk’eh siihda. ‑‑‑‑Muk’eh nìits’inìila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’eh dùdiin’èts. ‑‑‑‑Ma k’eha nìniihtęa? For further example(s) of on lap of see te² (under mom).

‑tl’à’ k’ehii n. ‑‑‑‑’utl’à’ k’ehii ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii mutl’à’ k’ehii dikìdanujàh. ʘ^ma

sa k’eh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

tse k’eh n. ‑‑‑‑Yìnònè tse k’eh wuts’eh dube tsùn nasgę.

Tse K’eh pn. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ ’ìnònè Tse K’eh dzè’ nùdudzùt.

Tsek’ene prsn. (pr Tsek’eʹne) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Tsek’ene ’ulę. Sinii joo, Tsek’ene ’uslę.

tl’owe k’eh n. (w) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑tl’owe k’eh wuchow ‑‑‑‑Tl’owe k’eh kuda k’ègwuch.

ts’un k’eh n. (w) ‑‑‑‑’Ide ts’un k’eh wìlę. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighde ts’un k’eh wùs’ǫ.

ya k’eh n. (w) ‑‑‑‑’Ehda ya k’eh k’ìnitlich. ‑‑‑‑Ya k’eh k’wus wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Ya k’eh widitsiidawìjàh. For further example(s) of ya k’eh see tlat (under lhì‑#d-ìì‑H-tlah).

yus k’eh n. ʘ^ma (w) ‑‑‑‑Yus k’eh wukuskè’ kìisla. ‑‑‑‑Yus k’eh yus kaghe gah k’ètl’eh.

P‑k’eh p. ‑‑‑‑Dii dzenii ’aduzii k’eh ’udoo k’udà’ ’ughutsuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too nùstlǫ ghudǫ ’èh kutl’e k’eh muts’è’ nudìsdah.

‑k’e#d‑ vpf. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ suk’edinlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’edùsla. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ yuk’edùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ suk’eghdùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sik’edidùsla. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ mik’idèes’ut, ts’ìì’ònè sutę ghǫh.

> tse k’eh widzǫ̀ǫ̀dza “golden-crowned sparrow” see under dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza

> yus k’eh widzǫ̀ǫ̀dza “winter bird” see under dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza

> ‑k’eh ’ugudzii “writing book, tablet, paper” see under guts

k’èh

‑k’èh n. (w) ‑‑‑‑ya k’èha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’uk’èh wumah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’èh duwatsìdla. ‑‑‑‑Duk’èh wuk’ànehtą. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì muk’èh noodè’įį lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze ’ehdòò kuda k’èh wìlę. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑k’èh see tlǫ (under n-tlǫ).

P‑k’èh¹ p. ‑‑‑‑Kuda k’èh dèhya. ‑‑‑‑Yuk’èh nìnii’ǫ. Ya k’èha? ‑‑‑‑Yudahii yuk’èh nìnii’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nuk’èh ’udasdììlhe. ‑‑‑‑“Kwa gwudzè’ suk’èh nundadalhe,” ’èhnii. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ǫ̀dze yuk’èh lhatl’elh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deda wutsį̀į̀’ da, wuk’èh k’èsdah. ʘ^em For further example(s) of P‑k’èh¹ see tsas² (under prog).

‑dzįįdè’ k’èh n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Sidzįįdè’ k’èh duwachow.

yhèlh k’èh n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Yhèlh k’èh ’uwindlèh ’ii tl’ǫh yhèlh nin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

kwùn k’èh n. ʘ^ma (w) ‑‑‑‑kwùn k’èh wuchow ‑‑‑‑Kwùn k’èh kwùn dìnhk’ǫ̀h.

lhut k’èh n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Lhut k’èh wìlę. ʘ^ma

k’èh sub. wuk’èh with sentential arguments.

because of: ‑‑‑‑Lhut k’èh k’ula nìdnis’įį. For further example(s) of because of see tel (under ‑telè’).

because: ‑‑‑‑Ya tùsinlèh wuk’èh ’udoo dune ’indììh.

> ‑k’èh gh-ìì‑D-da “live on, subsist on” see under da²

k’èhdzè’

‑k’èhdzè’ n. ‑‑‑‑muk’èhdzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yuk’èhdzè’ k’e’it’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Ii dune muk’èhdzè’ woo’ǫ̀’ìì wukayniizų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khuk’èhdzè’ zǫh widindèh. ‑‑‑‑Lhiihk’èhdzè’ woodat’ę. ‑‑‑‑Suk’èhdzè’ niin’ą. ‑‑‑‑Khuk’èhdzè’ dune ’idaynidììh. ‑‑‑‑Gwùndàn k’èhdzè’ sut’ùnadehtl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ‑‑‑‑Muk’èhdzè’ ’uwute’e k’e’int’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’èhdzè’ dune too ’udǫ. For further examples of ‑k’èhdzè’ see ’į̀į̀h³ (under ‑e#D‑’į̀į̀h); gha² (under tsììgha); tseh (under khutsehdzii); tsoos (under winiihtsòòsii); tsut (under nù#tsut); ts’ut (under per).

too k’èhdzè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è too k’èhdzè’ ’unasjàh.

’iihts’ii k’èhdzè’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Iihts’ii k’èhdzè’ t’è’ ghusyalh. ’Ide gòòlii ’udoo ’ehtsun.

‑diik’èhdzè’ n. ‑‑‑‑khidiik’èhdzè’ ‑‑‑‑Nidiik’èhdzè’ k’e’int’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didiik’èhdzè’ k’e’ut’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane ’udoo lhadzè’ ts’ideh’ą̀’ii gòòla didiik’èhdzè’ ’ìdighe store ts’è’ dèhya. ‑‑‑‑Didiik’èhdzè’ dune ’udaynidį̀į̀h.

> ‑k’èhdzè#jàh “copy, imitate” see under jàh

> ‑k’èhdzè#làh “copy” see under làh

k’elha

P‑k’elha p. ‑‑‑‑’udǫ wuk’elha ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nintsį̀į̀’ wuk’elha la nàadninzut. For further example(s) of P‑k’elha see làh (under ‑tsooda#w-D‑làh). [cf. wuk’eh “because of”]

Baba khulìbèshè’ k’elha la gwudzè’ nudùsja, duba ts’è’ n.

k’èlà’

‑k’èlà’ n. ‑‑‑‑Suk’èlà’ nii’ą.

> k’èmah “wilderness” see under mah

> k’èyiih “underneath” see under yiih

k’i¹

k’i# vpf. (n ) occurs with succ verbs; less common than lhì#. ‑‑‑‑K’iniisyìts. ‑‑‑‑K’iniist’ats. ‑‑‑‑K’iniihch’il.

P‑k’i#w‑ vpf. (ìì,s) occurs with succ verbs; i-w ‑‑> oo. ‑‑‑‑Sąs nùstonii sehjidii yik’inùwehch’il, diilà’ ’èh. ‑‑‑‑Mik’oowìsch’il. ‑‑‑‑Mik’oots’ùstatl. ‑‑‑‑Yubùt k’oowììht’ats. ‑‑‑‑Yik’oowìs’òòn. For further examples of P‑k’i#w‑ see ’àtl (under cust); tatl (under O‑tatl); tùtl (under ‑tùtl); tl’ùts¹ (under ‑tl’ùdzè’).

’uk’i#n-ìì‑ vpf. occurs with succ verbs; i ‑‑> e if lengthened. ‑‑‑‑’Uk’ighnììhch’il. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ’uk’inììht’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gwuda ’ii ’utsùn ’uk’inaghnììht’ats. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii kuda ts’èhè’ ’uk’inìnht’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uk’iinììht’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary nudàlìì ’utsùn ’uk’inòòht’àsii.

> lhoowe ’uk’inììht’adzii “split fish, filleted fish, prepared for drying” see under t’ats¹

> P‑k’oo#d-h‑tl’un “tape up P” see under tl’un

k’i²

P‑k’i# vpf. (0,s) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo mik’ints’idùst’ats. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo midoonusdììhii gòòlii mik’inudèesja. ‑‑‑‑Yìdighde la Edna k’inudèesja, dawdesà ’udoo kesdììh. ‑‑‑‑Yik’idèhya. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mik’ighdèh’ats. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sik’idintl’à’. ʘ^em

k’i³ on

‑k’i# vpf. k’i+’ ‑‑> k’e. ‑‑‑‑Nudahii wik’idìninlèh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Wuk’ets’idoolèhii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Gat t’oodzè’ kǫh wik’ighnììhkhul. ʘ^ma

‑k’i#ìì‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑Didii nun k’ighììdetl dè’ sǫh, dèkawoot’è’ii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nun wuk’ina’ììkǫ. ʘ^em

‑k’i#d-ìì‑ vpf. occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Wuk’idììts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wuk’idìsts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùstonii k’idìsts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wuk’idììkets. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑k’i#d-ìì‑ see sǫ (under ’ii sǫ ’udoo). [< k’eh “on”?]

> P‑k’i#w-d‑h-dèh “read P, make a speech to P” see under dèh

> P‑k’i#O‑h-dègh “wipe P with O” see under dègh

> P‑k’i-na#d-d‑h-diih “feel P” see under dìì’¹

k’ì¹

k’ì#D‑ vpf. perambulative prefix; no D‑ with transitive verbs; k’è]# in pre-stem position or before ’, and k’è’e optionally ‑‑> k’e’e.

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune yuts’è’ k’ììyu’ąhììzǫh taydùs’ǫ̀. ʘ^ma

mot

impf (1s k’ès‑, 2s k’in‑, 3s k’è‑, 1p k’ìts’u‑, 2p k’àh‑, 3p k’ìghu‑) ‑‑‑‑K’èsbęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’imbęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Koowà k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’èbęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’ubęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’àhbęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìghubęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’èbęhda mawute’e. ‑‑‑‑K’èbęhii ’oodi’į̀į̀h. For further example(s) of impf see tl’a (under per).

pf (1s k’èes‑/k’es‑, 2s k’in‑, 3s k’e‑, 1p k’ìts’a‑, 2p k’ah, 3p k’ìgha‑) ‑‑‑‑Kooyà la k’èesdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì k’esbęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì k’inbehǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì k’ebęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’abęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì k’ahbęhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì k’ìghabęh. ʘ^ma

opt (1s k’oos‑, 2s k’oon‑, 3s k’oo‑, 1p k’ìts’oo‑, 2p k’òòwah‑, 3p k’ìghoo‑) ‑‑‑‑K’oosbęhììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’oombęhìì wukayniinzunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’oobęhììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’oobęhììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’òòwahbęhìì wukaynahzunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìghoobęhììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma

k’ì² on

P‑k’ì#ìì‑ vpf. occurs with mot verbs; k’ì’ sometimes ‑‑> k’è’. ‑‑‑‑Yhììh k’è’ìnya? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune k’ìts’ìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune k’òòwit’į̀į̀hii k’è’ììya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune k’òòwit’į̀į̀hii k’è’ìsya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune k’òòwit’į̀į̀hne k’ìghìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuk’è’ììtl’ade yadìngàdlii tl’ǫh nìdin’įį ’uwìnhsų dè’ ’ii sǫ nut’àghòòdàhii. ‑‑‑‑Mik’ednììghèts. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wuk’ednììghèts. ‑‑‑‑Yuk’è’ììts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’è’ììts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’è’oonyà’ii. For further example(s) of P‑k’ì#ìì‑ see bàh² (under bàhii).

‑k’ì#’-ìì‑ vpf. (mom) occurs with mot verbs; k’ì‑’ ‑‑> k’è’. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ yuk’è’ììla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ suk’è’ìnlèh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ sik’ìghìla. ʘ^ma

k’ì#d‑ vpf. (n) occurs with clf verbs. ‑‑‑‑Dude bedzii ’èhììt’è’ k’ìdèya. ‑‑‑‑Sudahii all over k’ìdèya. ʘ^ma

k’ì#(d‑)n‑ vpf. occurs with pos verbs. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune k’ìghniihtets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune k’ìdniihtets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune k’ighdnìihtets. ʘ^ma

> yhììh k’ì#ìì‑ya/’ats/detl “stay alive, survive” see under ya³

k’ida

P‑k’ida p. ‑‑‑‑Wuk’ida widudèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑ya k’ida? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yik’ida ’udighidnììdzǫ̀’. ‑‑‑‑Sąs yik’ida sǫ nidnoozį̀į̀hìì. Dii jìje k’ida duzǫ la. ‑‑‑‑’Ii wuts’eh khwùdè’ sik’ida. Yì’ònè k’ìts’utl’eh. ‑‑‑‑Dudahii k’ida duzǫ. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of P‑k’ida see ya³ (under ‑zà#D-ya/’ats/detl).

wik’ida sub. (pr wik’idaʹ) ‑‑‑‑Sidnììzǫ̀’ wik’ida mitl’òoniiht’uts.

k’ìdasii num. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

> K’ìdasii Dusdulii Dutl’ehde “creek running out of Pine L.” see under tl’eh²

k’idè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Lhèkwudut’e ts’èhts’ìk k’idè’ nughiihtl’ǫǫ.

k’idè# vpf. ‑‑‑‑Lhèkwudut’e ts’èhts’ìk k’idènaghiihtl’ǫǫ. ‑‑‑‑Mèh k’èsdahii k’idèna’iihtl’ǫǫ.

k’in

conc

k’in

k’in

k’in

k’in

k’inii n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (pr k’iʹnii) (psd ‑k’inè’) ‑‑‑‑k’ii k’inè’ ‑‑‑‑mik’inè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Chuba k’inè’ sa’ute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mik’inè’ nustlǫ̀ ’ut’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gǫ̀ze k’inè’ ’ute’e da mik’inè’ dune ’utsuts ’wèdè’. [PA *q’ənəx^y-e: “sap” (KL)]

O‑d-H‑k’in v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑’Udik’in. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii ’udik’in. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune joo ’ughdik’in. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’udèhk’in. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udidask’ine. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’idook’inii.

k’ii n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑k’iiyè’) (Betula papyrifera) ‑‑‑‑muk’iiyè’ ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑K’ii duchę̀’ winùstlǫ da wuts’ate’e. [PA *q’əy, q’i: “birch” (KL)]

k’į̀į̀s

d-k’į̀į̀s v. variant of d-k’įįts. ‑‑‑‑Dik’į̀į̀s. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dik’į̀į̀sǫ?

k’įįts

d-k’įįts v. variant of d-k’į̀į̀s. ‑‑‑‑Dik’įįts. ʘ^ma

k’ǫ burn

conc	k’ǫh	k’ǫ	k’ǫlh	k’ǫh
mom	k’ǫ`h	k’ǫ	k’ǫlh	k’ǫ`h
per	k’ǫh	k’ǫh	k’ǫlh	k’ǫh
neu	k’wùn

(d‑)d‑(ìì‑)k’ǫ v. (conc) ìì‑ in future. ‑‑‑‑Diduk’ǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùn k’udà’ diduk’ǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deda wididuk’ǫha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì didùsk’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Didàk’ǫlhe. ‑‑‑‑Mednììk’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda wididook’ǫhii. Kitsinlii. For further example(s) of (d‑)d‑(ìì‑)k’ǫ see tsùn² (under ‑tsùn). [PA *d-q’a:n “burn, catch fire, ignite” (L87)]

d-h‑k’wùn v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Kwùn miyiih dèhk’wùn. ʘ^em

d-k’ǫ v. (mot

per ‑‑‑‑K’ooduk’ǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’oodidak’ǫlhe.

mom ‑‑‑‑’Uyii k’òòk didùsk’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè wididùsk’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè wididùsk’ǫ gwudze la kwùn ghaghts’ììhlhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tawdùsk’ǫ.

caus ‑‑‑‑Nàhtunii kwùnè’ wididèhk’ǫ.

P‑k’e#d-D‑k’ǫ v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wuk’eduk’ǫ̀h. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì muk’edak’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn k’edak’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑wuk’edak’ǫde

shoogah muk’edak’ǫii n.

Wuk’edak’ǫde pn.

caus ‑‑‑‑Yuk’ediihk’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wuk’ediihk’ǫ.

(nu‑)(kwù#)O‑d‑(d‑)ìì‑h-k’ǫ v. (ìì,s mom) ‑‑‑‑Kwùn dììhk’ǫ̀h. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kwùn didììhk’ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwuda kwùdàhk’ǫ̀h. ‑‑‑‑Mudowa kwùdìnhk’ǫ̀h. ‑‑‑‑Muyiih kwùdèhk’ǫ. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Gwa kǫh kwùn ts’idèhk’ǫ̀h ’ii tl’ǫh tii ’uts’idèdlàh. For further example(s) of (nu‑)(kwù#)O‑d‑(d‑)ìì‑h-k’ǫ see dǫ̀h (under in the morning).

pass

kwùn mèh didììk’ǫ̀hii n.

cust ‑‑‑‑Didii dèkusk’ehdza nudidìnhk’ǫha?

> Sikooką̀’ Wuk’ediihk’ǫde “burn at 22‑mile on the Sifton Pass trail” see under Sikooką̀’

k’ohje

yut’awdusk’ohje n. (pr yut’awdusk’oʹhje) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yut’awdusk’ohje k’ànhtą. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of yut’awdusk’ohje see ya⁵ (under kwùn diduyahii). [< likely deverbal, but verb no longer used]

k’ǫ̀we

P‑k’ǫ̀we p. ‑‑‑‑Muk’ǫ̀we na’intsuts. ‑‑‑‑Muk’ǫ̀we ’ididìnt’èh.

> P‑k’ǫ̀wa#’įį “help P” see under ’įį³

> P‑k’ǫ̀wa#D-jàh “help P” see under jàh

> P‑k’ǫ̀wa#làh “help P do” see under làh

> P‑k’ǫ̀wa#t’e “help P” see under t’e¹

k’ǫǫ’a n. (pr k’ǫǫ’aʹ) ʘ^ma (dim k’wązii) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (dim k’ǫǫ’azii) ʘ^mc (Marmota flaviventris) ‑‑‑‑k’ǫǫ’a yąą̀dza, k’ǫǫ’a tsiiya

> k’ǫǫ’a yutsudzii “ground-cedar” see under tsuts²

k’ǫǫdza

ti#k’ǫǫdza v. ‑‑‑‑Tek’ǫǫdza. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muludè’ tek’ǫǫdza. ‑‑‑‑Tighek’ǫǫdza. ‑‑‑‑Tink’ǫǫdza.

k’òòk n. (psd ‑k’òògè’) ‑‑‑‑mik’òògè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑muk’òògè’ ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑K’òòk susguts. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii k’òòk k’eh sinda. ‑‑‑‑K’òòk sànhtsoos. ‑‑‑‑Ma sik’òògè’ nidìì’ǫa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwa mik’òògè’ mugàh sula. ʘ^ma [from Kas k’úuk] [compare ITli x’úx’ “paper; book, magazine, newspaper; letter, mail” and ST k’uk “book, paper”]

> k’òòk dutl’asii “cardboard” see under tl’as

k’òòk’a n. (pr k’òòk’aʹ) ʘ^ma (psd ‑k’òòk’à’, dim k’òòk’azii) ‑‑‑‑K’òòk’a sùn’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Sik’òòk’azii sùn’ą̀h. [from Kas k’uk’aa] [compare ITli gúx’à “cup; can” and ST guk’a‑ “cup”]

k’òòn

‑k’òònè’ n. ‑‑‑‑’uk’òònè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mik’òònè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uk’òònè’ ’inht’ès. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe k’òònè’ lhidììhii la. ʘ^ma [from Kas (L) ‑k’úuné’, from PA *q’u’:n’ “roe” (K05)]

k’ǫ̀ǫ̀s¹

k’ǫ̀ǫ̀s n. (psd ‑k’ǫ̀ǫ̀sè’) ‑‑‑‑Mik’ǫ̀ǫ̀sè’ t’àh wuk’ànhtą.

k’ǫ̀ǫ̀s²

w-h‑k’ǫ̀ǫ̀s v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑’Ii ts’òòdane k’wus winhk’ǫ̀ǫ̀s. ‑‑‑‑Muk’wus wiihk’ǫ̀ǫ̀s.

k’udà’ adv. (pr k’uʹdà’) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ didììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ghìda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ’ujììh. For further example(s) of k’udà’ see la² (under tù#w-le).

’udoo k’udà’ adv. ‑‑‑‑Andreas ’udoo k’udà’ sutę. Khǫhdìì nidììya. ʘ^ma

k’udà’ ’udoo, ’udoo k’udà’ adv.

k’udà’ ’udoo: ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ’udoo minawình’ą̀hǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“K’udà’ ’udoo yèda ’inawình’ą̀hǫ?” “’Udiidòòwà. ’Udoo yèda ’inawìs’ą̀h.” ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ’udoo yèda wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ’udoo naghutsuts. ʘ^ma

’udoo k’udà’: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ sudànà’ sàghu’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ minawìs’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

k’udà’ exp. ʘ^lt ‑‑‑‑k’udà’, panè’ ‑‑‑‑K’udà’, ’udoo lhadzè’ dinyah. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’, mulòt ka khudant’e.

k’udàzǫh adv. (pr k’udàzǫʹh) ʘ^mc ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udàzǫh yidi’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑K’udàzǫh ’udoo tùwìlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas k’udàzǫh sutę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dusbùt. ’Udoo yèda ’ustsuts, k’udàzǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udàzǫh Andreas ’udoo sudànà’ sù’ą̀h. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of k’udàzǫh see lįįh (under ’u#n-H‑lįįh).

k’udàt’è’ adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udàt’è’ lat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune k’udàt’è’ kǫh nìniiya. ʘ^ma

> k’udà’ sǫ “in a while” see under sǫ

k’udzè’

P‑k’udzè’ p. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wuk’udzè’ sidèhtsut. ‑‑‑‑Nun k’udzè’ ya’ììhk’as. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nun k’udzè’ ts’idoodèlii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Wuk’udzè’ nàghiila. ʘ^em For further examples of P‑k’udzè’ see dlat¹ (under lhi-nu#n-dlat); tse¹ (under mountain); yà’¹ (under P‑e#w-yà’).

ya k’udzè’ n. For example(s) for ya k’udzè’ see sǫ.

P‑k’udzè’ d‑ v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo tlįį lhiihk’udzè’ ghidèh’ats. ‑‑‑‑Yuk’udzè’ dèhya.

> muk’udzè’ nats’u’òdzii “washboard” see under ’òts

k’ul

d-k’ul v. ‑‑‑‑Chuba duk’ul.

lhoowe duk’ulii n. (Coregonus clupeaformis or Prosopium williamsoni)

duk’ule n. (psd ‑duk’ulè’) ‑‑‑‑Duk’ule k’ǫ̀ǫ̀dinhtsèh.

k’usk’ule, k’usk’ula n. (Lagopus lagopus)

k’usk’ule: (pr k’usk’uʹle) ʘ^ma

k’usk’ula: (pr k’usk’uʹla) ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑K’usk’ula dughę̀za kaghe suda. ʘ^ei

k’ula adv. (pr k’uʹla) ʘ^ma

rather, very: ‑‑‑‑K’ula wuyǫ. ‑‑‑‑K’ula mutwè’ tii lhidììhii looht’e. ‑‑‑‑K’ulawute’e.

almost: ‑‑‑‑K’ula nìdè’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ula ’uzidèesgę. ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo k’ula khizèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila k’ula deyǫ̀’ si’òòn.

k’ulàzǫh adv. (pr k’ulàzǫʹh) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ulàzǫh su’èh kǫh wididùsk’ǫ.

k’uz¹

k’uz n. ʘ^ma (Alnus tenuifolia or Alnus crispa) ‑‑‑‑muk’uz ʘ^ma [PA *q’əš/s^r “alder” (L87)]

k’uz²

d-n‑ìì‑k’uza v. ‑‑‑‑T’ès dinììk’uza.

Dune dinììk’uzii prsn. (dim Dune dinììk’uza)

d-n‑ìì‑k’uzidii v. ‑‑‑‑’Òòsgą dinììk’uzidii.

k’uz³

‑k’uz n. ‑‑‑‑muk’uz ʘ^ma

k’ùsgè’

Tehk’ak’ùsgè’ pn. [< tehk’ahje “frog” + k’ùs “jump”?] [cf. yawdisk’ìsda “grasshopper”]

> k’usk’ule “willow ptarmigan” see under k’ul

k’ùstę̀’ n. (pr k’ùsʹtę̀’) ʘ^ma (dried form of Alnus tenuifolia or Alnus crispa)

k’ų̀y

‑k’ų̀yè’ n. ‑‑‑‑muk’ų̀yè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuk’ų̀yè’ dèkooht’ea? ʘ^ma [PA *‑q’α’y’ “crotch” (YM87)]

ts’ahk’ų̀yè’ n. (psd ‑ts’ahk’ų̀yè’) ‑‑‑‑ts’òòdane ts’ahk’ų̀yè’ ʘ^ma

k’wę ono. ʘ^ma the sound of a rabbit.

k’wùn

> d-h‑k’wùn “have fire, keep fire burning” see under k’ǫ

k’wus¹

‑k’wus n. ‑‑‑‑nuk’wus ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑suk’wus ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’wus ’usts’ùt. ‑‑‑‑Nuk’wus nìnèzut. [PA *‑q’ʊs “neck” (K05)]

‑k’wusdè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Suk’wusdè’ sànhtsoos.

k’wus²

k’wus n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑K’wus wìlę. [PA *q’ʊs “cloud” (K05)]

k’wus tsùdlè’ n. ʘ^ma (Agelaius phoeniceus, Euphagus cyanocephalus, or Molothrus ater) ‑‑‑‑K’wus tsùdle tununùsdetl.

> k’wus nun sit’ii “rain cloud” see under t’ii

k’wusul n. (pr k’wusuʹl) ʘ^ma (psd ‑k’wusulè’) ‑‑‑‑suk’wusulè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’wusul t’ùduya. ʘ^ma

KH/GH

kh 1pl

kh‑ ~ khu‑, khi‑ npf. kh‑ before a vowel; khu‑ or khi‑ before a consonant.

kh‑¹: For example(s) for kh‑¹ see ’ą¹ (under impf).

khu‑, khi‑: ‑‑‑‑khuts’ahdè’

kh‑, khi‑ vpf. direct object; kh‑ before a vowel, khi‑ before a consonant.

kh‑²: ‑‑‑‑Khììhchòòt.

khi‑: ‑‑‑‑Dukhideh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khidèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khidììts’ugh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo khighdiyììh. ‑‑‑‑Khidùsgę. ‑‑‑‑K’ula dǫ̀’ khizèhkhę. ʘ^ma

kh‑ ~ khi‑, khu‑ ppf. kh‑ before a vowel; khi‑ or khu‑ before a consonant.

kh‑³: ‑‑‑‑Khedììh. ʘ^ma

khi‑, khu‑: ‑‑‑‑Khik’ìts’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khìnejit. ‑‑‑‑Khighnejit. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màda khuk’ǫ̀wawut’è’ìì wukayghniizų. Dune khits’idehdunèsą.

khinii, khįį‑/khin‑ pro. bound form used before suffixes.

khinii: ʘ^ma

khįį‑/khin‑: ‑‑‑‑khinch’ah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinch’ah zǫh ’wèdè’ kaghts’ììhlhah. ‑‑‑‑Nukhįįjoo kǫh kàghdahdą̀lhǫ?

gh 3pl subject

gh‑ ~ ghi‑, ghu‑ vpf. gh‑ before a vowel or prefix consonant; w before and after oo; null after oo and before a prefix consonant; ghi‑ or ghu‑ word-initially or before a stem-initial consonant.

gh‑: ‑‑‑‑Dusighdeh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dukhighdeh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khighdèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ughdììts’ugh. For further example(s) of gh‑ see tsugh (under opt).

w‑: For example(s) for w‑ see tòn¹ (under impf).

0: ‑‑‑‑Woodììts’ugh. ‑‑‑‑Woozèhkhę.

ghi‑, ghu‑: ‑‑‑‑Frankie yìdighè ghidèh’ą̀’. For further examples of ghi‑, ghu‑ see ’ą¹ (under impf); tsugh (under impf).

gha¹

P‑gha p. optionally gh ‑‑> null between vowels. ‑‑‑‑Sa ’uziilh. For further example(s) of P‑gha see te’e (under P‑gha#w-te’e).

P‑gha#, ghu# vpf. (n mom) attaches to succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑Bes yuniigèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Bes yaniigèt. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Yaniihch’il. ‑‑‑‑Ya ghanii’òòna? ‑‑‑‑Yaniihtàts. ‑‑‑‑Du’ejè’ ghaghdèch’ilii ’èh ghǫh ’òòyalę. For further example(s) of P‑gha#, ghu# see tatl (under O‑tatl).

P‑gha#d‑ vpf. (s mom) attaches to succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑Mubùt ghaghdìs’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Tun ghats’idètatl.

> P‑gha#w-d‑jǫ “hole extends through P” see under jǫ¹

gha², ghǫ

‑ghà’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Ughà’ zǫh ’ulę. ‑‑‑‑Mughà’ ’udiidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑’Ughà’ kut’às. ‑‑‑‑Mughà’ zǫh gwuda nusula ’ii tl’ǫh nunidòòwè. For further example(s) of ‑ghà’ see tlat (under cust). [PA *‑ɣ.a‑’ “fur, hair” (KL)]

‑doohghà’ n. ‑‑‑‑Midoohghà’ nùstlǫ.

‑tl’èh ghà’ n.

tsììgha n. (psd ‑tsììghà’) ‑‑‑‑Tsììgha k’èhdzè’ dìsjit. ‑‑‑‑Ditsììghà’ dut’elalàh. ‑‑‑‑Mitsììghà’ nùstlǫ. (Morice 1892‑93:37 m@‑tsi-ra-netLoñ “Sir Alexander Mckenzie”)

’utsììghà’ wǫh sulaii n. ʘ^em

‑done khà’ n. For example(s) for ‑done khà’ see zow³ (under ku-nu#O‑n-D‑zow).

dichishghǫ n. (pr dichishghǫʹ) ʘ^ma (Bryoria sp. and Alectoria sarmentosa) ‑‑‑‑Dichishghǫ nitsììghà’ ’èht’e.

doosghone n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gòòhdè’è wudunè’ doosghone ’èh naghnèhtl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma

doosghone t’ùsudaii dune n. ʘ^ma

d-h‑khǫ v. ‑‑‑‑Dehkhǫ. ‑‑‑‑Mudone wudehkhwą̀jàh. ʘ^ma

ghà¹

P‑ghà# vpf. (n mom) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Muchǫhda la màniisya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mànìnis’įį. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of P‑ghà# see dastǫh (under ‑dastǫhda).

P‑ghà d‑, P‑ghà#d‑ vpf. occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh la kwùla wooghà dèhya. ‑‑‑‑Wooghàdèesya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wàdèesya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mukaynuszų ’èh màdèesya. ‑‑‑‑Saghdùsdetl. ‑‑‑‑Sàdèhya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ lhìghè’ ’ìdè’è sàdèhya didòò kutl’e dǫ̀h. ‑‑‑‑Màts’idùs’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“Ya ka sughàdiintl’a?” sèhnii. (Grizzly story) ‑‑‑‑Khughà all ghidùsdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii ’ònè dotiiye dzè’ wooghà ’unts’ujàh ghiilè’.

’-ghà#d vpf. (s mom) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑’Ughàdèesya. ‑‑‑‑Wook’èh ’ughàdintl’à’. ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ la ’ughànudèhtl’a dune ’èh. Dune mu’èh dùsdetl.

ghà²

P‑ghà#gh‑ vpf. (s mom)

> P‑ghà#gh-D‑dǫ “drink some of P” see under dǫ

> tsuts maghdùsludii “half-burned wood” see under lhut

> P‑ghà#gh-D‑tsuts “eat portion of P” see under tsuts²

khà’ exp. expression of disgust. ‑‑‑‑Khà’, mewitsį̀į̀’. ’Udoo mukaynuszų. ‑‑‑‑Khà’, newitsį̀į̀’. Zutl dinii.

ghàde

P‑ghàde p. ‑‑‑‑’Ii la mughàde kets’udììh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Lhìghè’ ts’eh mu’èh ’udi’òònii ’udèsdlàh, dah ’ii mi’òònà’ ghàde. (Early travels)

ghàdè’ sub. ‑‑‑‑Wusyǫ ghàdè’ ’udoo ts’ulasdeh. ʘ^ma

khą̀hdzè’, khą̀hdzìì’ adv. (pr khą̀hdzèʹ’, khą̀hdzììʹ’) [from TsK’]

khą̀hdzè’: ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khą̀hdzè’ all ’uts’iniilàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khą̀hdzè’ all lhunts’agelh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khą̀hdzè’ all ’awts’ìdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khą̀hdzè’ jìje ts’inùsbę̀’. ʘ^ma

khą̀hdzìì’: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wudah khą̀hdzìì’ jìje nùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑Khą̀hdzìì’ sinda. ‑‑‑‑Khą̀hdzìì’ nudùsja lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Khą̀hdzìì’ yįįhdzè’ nunuja lǫ̀. For further example(s) of khą̀hdzìì’ see lǫ̀ (under imperfective verb).

ghàkhah

‑ghàkhah n. ‑‑‑‑Màkhah sinda. ‑‑‑‑Nàkhah nin’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Nukwùlą̀’ ghàkhah sinda. For further example(s) of ‑ghàkhah see teghe.

‑ghàkhaha n. ‑‑‑‑Màkhaha sinda. ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ too ghàkhaha sutǫ. ‑‑‑‑Ma ghàkhaha suda?

khàs whittle

dur	khàs	khàts	khàs	khàs
mom	khàs	khàts	khàs	khàs

behkhàs n. (psd ‑behkhàsè’)

’ughàdzè’ n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’ughàdzè’ ’itsiinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’ughàdzè’ ’èh kwunudìnhk’ǫ̀h. For further example(s) of ’ughàdzè’ see dǫ̀h (under in the morning).

O‑ghàts v. [PA *‑ɣ.α’ts’ “make gash with sharp object, claw, whittle, shave” (L87)]

dur ‑‑‑‑Dichin ’inghàs. ‑‑‑‑Yidaghàse. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ooghàsii.

pf (1s ghiisghàts, 2s ghiin‑, 3s ghii‑, 1p ts’ii‑, 2p ghah‑, 3p ghii‑) ‑‑‑‑Dichin ghiisghàts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dichin ghiinghàdzo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì dichin ghiighàts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ts’iighàts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dichin ghahghàdzo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ghighiighàts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yiighàts.

mu’èh ’uts’ughàsii n.

mom ‑‑‑‑K’ii duchę̀’ mèkèh joo kùghiighàts.

O‑h-khàts v.

dur ‑‑‑‑Tlįį sukè’ ghiihkhàts.

dichin ’ehkhàsii n. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Kìihkhàts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yukè’ ’enììhkhàts. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ehe kùsiihkhàts. ’Uyuhoh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlįį lhì’iihkhàts. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane siilà’ kìihkhàts.

O‑d-h‑khàts v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ diihkhàts.

khat

conc

ghat

ghat

ghat

ghat

kelhu#gh-n‑ghat v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Kelhaghnughat. ‑‑‑‑Su’ahè’ kelhaghnèesghat.

pass

gwèl kelhaghnùsgadii n.

khàtl toss animate

mom	khàl	khàtl	khàlh	khàl
per	khàlh	khàlh	khàlh	khàlh

khàlh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑ghàlhè’) ‑‑‑‑Ya dowa khàlh kayniinzų? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khàlh k’intįįh mudowa. ʘ^ma [PA *x̣α’tl’ “club” (K05)]

O‑h-khàtl v. (clf-mot) [PA *‑ɣ.a’:tl’ “sticklike or animate moves abruptly, falls” (L87)]

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìyiihkhàlh.

mom ‑‑‑‑Nùyiihkhàtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sits’idèhkhàtl. ‑‑‑‑Kudèehkhatl. ‑‑‑‑’Ònè yidèhkhàtl. ‑‑‑‑Tinunhkhàl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune lhoowe tinuniihkhàtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sughàlhè’ sùntį̀į̀h. Dii lhoowe mu’èh dzòòwòòskhàlii. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom see te³ (under tets’ì#d‑).

’i-d‑n-ghàtl, ’u-d‑n-ghàtl v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Nuchǫhda ’idnìinghàtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suchǫhda ’idnèesghàtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dichin ghǫh ’udnèesghàtl. ‑‑‑‑’Its’idnèsghàtl. ‑‑‑‑’Ughdinèsghàtl. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’idniinghàl.

P‑k’e#d-n‑ghàtl v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Tun k’ednèesghàtl.

khą̀ts n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑ghą̀dzè’) ‑‑‑‑mughą̀dzè’ ʘ^ma [PA *x̣a’:č’ “stump” (K05)]

khe¹ kill sg

conc	khe	khę	khèlh	khe
per	geh			.

O‑z-h‑khe v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Zinhkhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dloona zidaskhèlhe. ‑‑‑‑Yizidahkhèlhe. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdè’è k’indah dè’, ya k’ànhtą zoonhkhe. ʘ^ma [PA *z-ɬ‑ɣ.e:‑ŋ “kill sg. O” (L87)]

pf with 3sg object. (1s zèehkhę, 2s zìinh‑, 3s yizèh‑, 1p ts’izèh‑, 2p zàah‑, 3p ghighzèh‑) ‑‑‑‑Zèehkhę. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Zìinhkhę. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Zìinhkhęǫ? ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Khuda zèhkhę. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Yizèhkhę. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Louie yizèhkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’izèhkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Zàahkhęǫ? ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Ghighzèhkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dǫ̀h Louie kuda zèhkhę kuda ma looht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Ii Loon L. ’èhnii ’ide lhèhgą̀h gwa deyǫ̀’ ts’izèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑Kuda dèkachowa zèhkhą? ‑‑‑‑Mets’izinììhkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too yizèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ too yizèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑’Udulè’ yizèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑Tsǫ̀’ yizèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑Dǫ̀’ yizèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑Dlòw yizèhkhę. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Ide nukǫh k’ula dǫ̀’ nizèhkhę? ’Udoo yèda ’intsudzii wìlę? ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè lhadà k’edinììh k’eh nughǫh dlòw sizèhkhę.

k’i#O‑z-d‑D-khe v. ‑‑‑‑K’ula sizèhkhę. K’izidèesgę.

P‑e#O‑z-h‑khe v. ‑‑‑‑Nats’oodalh ’uts’idòòhts’e too ’eyzèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ too ezèhkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too ’eyzèhkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Alec ’udoo too ’eyzehkhe. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune dulèè’ dǫ̀’ ’eyzèhkhę. ʘ^ma

nejit O‑z-h‑khe v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune nejit yizehkhe. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑Edna nejit k’iizugeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nejit k’oowoozugeh. ʘ^ma

khe² pack

mom	gèh	gę	gelh	gèh
per	geh	geh	gelh	geh
prog	gelh
cust	geh

khelh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑ghelè’, dim khelha) ʘ^ma (psddim ‑ghelàa) ‑‑‑‑nughelè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑mughelè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mughelè’ mudowa ’uwute’ànundleh. ʘ^ma

khelha n.

‑ghelh n. ‑‑‑‑Mughelh su’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii suts’ùdè’ mughelh su’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nughelh su’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį gwuda dughelh seh’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Sewuyàhii gòòlii sughelh nìnus’ąh. ‑‑‑‑Nòòwą dughelh nìihyhìtl.

dughe# vpf. (s

clf ‑‑‑‑Dughesu’ǫ. ʘ^ma

pos ‑‑‑‑Dughesintę.

mot ‑‑‑‑’Òòna dughenàakets. ‑‑‑‑Dughenàats’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune didììhajàh. Dughenàats’ut. ‑‑‑‑’Òòwììht’e tse k’ànhtąde ’àt ’uwìjàh. ’Àt dughenayalh.

’Aghele prsn. ʘ^ma [< ‑ghel “pack”]

O‑D-khe v. (mot) D-kh ‑‑> g; also gę.

prog ‑‑‑‑’Asgelh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Na’agelh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kooyè na’agelh. ‑‑‑‑Edna nusagelh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dughelè’ nagęlh. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Sukǫh ts’è’ lhunsagelh.

per ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune duchwę̀’ k’ègeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii joo duchwę̀’ k’ègeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudahii k’ìts’ugeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie ’èh k’e’ingeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdè’è Muna dzè’ dupanè’ ’èh k’e’ugeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è k’ets’ugeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdè’è k’eghugeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdè’è lhats’eh k’eghugeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìyageh. ‑‑‑‑K’ìswahgehii. For further example(s) of per see t’e¹ (under impf⁴).

mèh k’ets’ugehii n. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑’Udingèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’udawdàhlah. Nadahgèh. ‑‑‑‑Koo’asgę. ‑‑‑‑Sutehmè’ dùnusgę. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdè’è ’uts’idùsgę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nadoosgèhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è ’uts’idoogèhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khukǫh dzè’ nats’idoogèhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo ’ìdè’è Muna ts’è’ ’uts’idoogèhii. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ ’ìnònè yànudugeh.

Dune Yugàh Kùnadugehii pn. ʘ^lt ʘ^lt

chwe#’-D‑khe, che#’-D‑khe v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Nuchwe’agelh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ ’ìdahdze nuchwe’agelh. ʘ^ma

per¹ ‑‑‑‑K’ìchwe’ugeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhadzè’ k’ìchwe’ingeh. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Dichediigę.

> khelh tl’oolh “pack strap” see under tl’oolh

khę, khęh melt, thaw

dur

ghęh

ghę

ghęlh

ghęh

’ughę̀’ n. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Ughę̀’ sinkàh. ‑‑‑‑’Ughę̀’ suzulii siilà’ k’ediihlhut. [PA *x̣e: “grease, oil” (L87)]

(nu#)ghę v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Lhoo tun ’udoo ’ughęh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nuwughęh. Sutun. ‑‑‑‑Naghę. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn naghę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khu’èh nuwaghę. ʘ^ma [PA *(ɬ)‑ɣ.e:n “melt” (L87)]

caus ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn nunhkhęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn nahkhęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudaskhęlhe. ‑‑‑‑Nawskhęhìì wukaynuszun.

pf with 3sg object. (1s niihkhę, 2s niinh‑, 3s nuyiih‑, 1p nuts’iih‑, 2p nah‑, 3p naghghiih‑) ‑‑‑‑Niihkhę. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn niihkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niinhkhęǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuyiihkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii nuts’iihkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nahkhęǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn nughiihkhę. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Naghghiihkhę. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ’enunììhkhę.

khèl scrape

dur

ghèl

ghèl

ghèl

ghèl

kù#O‑d-ghèl v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs kùdiisghèl. ‑‑‑‑Kaydiighèl. ʘ^ma

mu’èh kadughèlii n.

khę̀l roll

mom	ghę̀l	ghę̀l	ghę̀l	ghę̀l
per	ghę̀l	ghę̀l	ghę̀l	ghę̀l
prog	ghę̀l

‑ghę̀l v. (mot

prog ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune yìtsè’è ke’ììhtsudii ’èh ’ìtsè’è ghughę̀l. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑Nuyahkhę̀l.

per ‑‑‑‑K’èghę̀l. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyà k’èghę̀l. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑K’ìyiihkhęl lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’ìyoohkhę̀lii yòòht’e. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsè’è dùsghę̀l. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnughę̀l.

caus ‑‑‑‑Yàyèhkhę̀l. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ ’ìnòdzè yànuyèhkhę̀l.

> ‑ghès gìdlè’ “testicle” see under gìtl

ghę̀z

‑ghę̀zè’ n. ‑‑‑‑K’usk’ule dughę̀zè’ k’esuda. ʘ^ma [PA *‑ɣ.ę’:č’e’ “egg” (K05)] [cf. ‑ghès gìdlè’ “testicle”]

‑ghę̀za n. ‑‑‑‑Dughę̀za k’esuda. ʘ^ma

Digii Ghę̀sgè’ pn. ʘ^ma [< ghę̀s “egg” + g “?” + è’]

> ’ughę̀zè’ wislęhje “boogey-man” see under lęhje

> ’ughę̀za ts’unè’ “egg shell” see under ts’un

ghet

tsììghet n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑tsììghedè’) ‑‑‑‑Sitsììghedè’ lhìghè’ nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Tsììghet sùn’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sitsììghedè’ gwuda sudowa su’ǫ. ʘ^ma [< tsìì “head” + ?]

khetl dark

mom	khèl	khetl	khùlh	khèl
cust	khùlh

nù#d-h‑khetl v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùdehkhèl. ‑‑‑‑Nùdiihkhetl. ‑‑‑‑Nùdidèhkhètl. ʘ^ma [PA *(na:#)ɬ-ɣ.e:tl’ “become dark” (L87)]

cust For example(s) for cust see ’į̀į̀h³ (under u# replaced).

khùlh n. ‑‑‑‑Khùlh tahììt’è’ nidìsya. [PA *x̣ə’ɬ-C “darkness, evening” (K05)] [cf. kutl’e “night”]

khèts

mom

ghes

ghèts

ghus

ghes

n-ghèts v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Gǫ̀ze tinèghèdzii tinii’ą. ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo bokh widii. ’Ii joo Harvey nùnaghèts, ’ide. (Early travels) For further examples of n-ghèts see ’i (under ’i#d-n‑); k’ì² (under P‑k’ì#ìì‑); tsii (under O‑tsii).

dichin nùnaghèdzii n. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑Gat ’its’idnèhkhèts.

tsìskhedzii n.

> ghìda “life, survival” see under da²

khik’ii n. (pr khik’iiʹ) ʘ^ma (Bison bison)

Khik’ii Tsìì’ pn.

Khik’ii Tsìì’ Kǫh pn.

> ghiilè’ “in the past” see under le¹

khǫ

> d-h‑khǫ “be hairy” see under gha²

ghǫ

mom	ghǫh	ghǫ	ghǫ̀lh	ghǫ̀h
cust	ghǫh

O‑ghǫ v. commonly occurs with k’e “pl.” ‑‑‑‑’Ide sǫ dune dǫ̀’ ’enìighǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Wook’e’ughǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yhììh k’e’iisghǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune wook’e’iighǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhik’e’iighǫ. ‑‑‑‑Wook’ets’idaghǫ̀lhe. ‑‑‑‑Yhììh nùstlǫ k’edaghǫlhe. ‑‑‑‑Khudant’e! Yhììh k’ets’ooghǫ̀hii. For further example(s) of O‑ghǫ see dǫ̀’. [PA *ɣ.a:n “make pl., kill pl.” (L87)]

cust ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ la ’ùkoo yhììh nùstlǫ k’e’inghǫh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo la kwùdii dune duyazii k’e’ughǫh. ’Uyii muyąą̀dza nooyehii. Mitsahlii. ʘ^ma

P‑ta#(n‑)ghǫ v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑Lhitaghniighǫ. ‑‑‑‑Khutaghniighǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune wootaniighǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too wootaniighǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma For further example(s) of P‑ta#(n‑)ghǫ see la¹ (under sentence-final la).

cust ‑‑‑‑Wutsį̀į̀’awùjàh. ’Ùkoo yhììh taghughǫh. ʘ^ma

lhitaghugǫh n.

dune lhugǫ n. ʘ^ma (pl dune lhugone) ʘ^ma

khǫ̀’

‑tsììkhǫ̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑’utsììkhǫ̀’ ʘ^ma [PA *‑tsi’:‑ɣ.a’ŋ’ “brain” (KL)]

ghǫ̀’

‑ghǫ̀’, wǫ̀’ n. (dim ‑wązii) variant of ‑iighǫ̀’; gh ‑‑> w after w; also ‑‑> w in fast speech. ‑‑‑‑muwǫ̀’ ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑muwàązii ʘ^mc

ghǫh

P‑ghǫh ~ wǫh ~ ǫh p. ‑wǫh after woo‑ or w‑ areal; otherwise ‑ghǫh or ‑wǫh; optionally ‑ǫh when prefixed. ‑‑‑‑Mughǫh lhuts’atl’elh, mǫh lhuts’atl’elh.

‑ǫh: ‑‑‑‑Mǫh lhastl’elh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sǫh niiya.

‑wǫh: ‑‑‑‑woowǫh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woowǫh lhastl’elh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wuwǫh lhastl’elh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muwǫh lhastl’elh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nidzììì’ winidòòwè wǫh ts’ìì’ònè wudindèh. Soo’àlìì wudindèh. ʘ^ma

‑ghǫh: ‑‑‑‑Khughǫh lhayalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mughǫh lhastl’elh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhughǫh lhagolhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yughǫh lhagolh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlązii ghǫh ’utsugh. ‑‑‑‑Lhiihghǫh lhughatl’elh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑ghǫh see dìì’¹ (under du#w-n‑diih).

ya ghǫh wh. usually ya ghǫha. ‑‑‑‑Ya ghǫha ’wèdè’ dinzǫa? ‑‑‑‑ya wǫh? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑ya wǫha? ʘ^ma casual pronunciations. ‑‑‑‑Ya wanh’ą? ʘ^ma casual pronunciation.

ghǫh sub. ‑‑‑‑Yik’ìts’idlii ghǫh ’udoo ’umayììleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ nitsį̀į̀’ii ghǫh ma’in’us? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ghǫh see biilh¹.

’udoo ghǫh sub. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sik’idindii ghǫh la k’ula ts’ehe sadugh.

> P‑ghǫh O‑h‑’ǫ “owe O to P” see under ’ą¹

khǫ̀h

dur

khǫ̀h

khǫ̀h

khǫ̀lh

khǫ̀h

’-d‑h-khǫ̀h v. [PA *‑ɣ.əm “snore, growl” (KL)]

dur ‑‑‑‑’Udehkhǫ̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e sintę da ’udinhkhǫ̀hǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dǫ̀h ’udiihkhǫ̀h. ‑‑‑‑Menììhkhǫ̀h.

dist ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune naghdììhkhǫ̀h.

khǫhdìì, khǫhdò, khǫhdò’, khǫhdzè’ adv. occurs with perfective verb.

khǫhdìì: (pr khǫʹhdìì) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì nudùsja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’astsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì too tunsuskǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’uyììlàh. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla khǫhdìì zèehkhę. ʘ^ma

khǫhdò: ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdò sèhnii.

khǫhdò’: ʘ^ei

khǫhdzè’: ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdzè’ ’ujàh.

khòlh

conc

khòlh

khòlh

khòlh

khòlh

O‑h-khòlh v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uts’unè’ ’inhkhòlh. ‑‑‑‑’Udaskhòlhe. ‑‑‑‑Kwùsǫ ’ooskhòlhìì.

refl ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uts’unè’ diinghòlhǫ? ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì dèesghòlh.

ghǫ̀ǫ̀’

‑ghǫ̀ǫ̀’, ‑wǫ̀’ n. (dim ‑wązii) variant of ‑iighǫ̀ǫ̀’; gh ‑‑> w after w; also ‑‑> w in fast speech. ‑‑‑‑mughǫ̀ǫ̀’ ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑muwàązii ʘ^mc

ghu

P‑ghu# vpf. (gh mom) occurs with succ verbs; u‑’ ‑‑> a’. ‑‑‑‑Ya gha’in’òòna? ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune kuda ghughii’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Ya’oo’òònii. For further example(s) of P‑ghu# see tl’un (under O‑tl’un).

P‑ghu#y‑ vpf. (gh mom) occurs with succ verbs; u-y ‑‑> ay. ‑‑‑‑Kuda ghunayts’ìs’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Mayiislòò’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yayiihtàts.

P‑ghu#d‑ vpf. (s mom) attaches to motion verbs. ‑‑‑‑Munudindàh. ‑‑‑‑Mupanè’ khǫhdìì yunudùsja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yunudèhtl’a.

ghù, ghà

P‑ghù#, ‑ghà# vpf. (n mom) occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Sànin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sùn’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sànah’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sàh’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlązii mànhtèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sa dzèè’ sàghu’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too sànkàh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mà’us’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sa dzèè’ sà’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sànunlèh. ’Udoo mukaynuszun. ‑‑‑‑Easter sǫ nùnawoo’ą̀hìì nìdisįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide sǫ sùnawoo’ą̀hiì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gah màniihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gah yàniihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gah màniinhtęǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màts’iniihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gah mànahtęǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune ghùniinla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uske ’uyii dughutwè’ màghniihtę. ʘ^ma

impf with y‑ 3sg object and 3sg object of postposition. (1s màyìs‑, 2s màyiin‑, 3s yàyìì‑, 1p màyts’ìì‑, 2p màyàh‑, 3p màghighìì‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màyìs’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màyiin’ą̀hǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yàyìì’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màyts’ìì’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màyàh’ą̀hǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sàghighìì’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

pf with 3sg object of postposition. (1s màniis‑, 2s màniin‑, 3s yànii‑, 1p màts’inii‑, 2p mànah‑, 3p màghnii‑) ‑‑‑‑Sa dzèè’ màniis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màniin’ǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sa dzèè’ yànii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn yànii’ǫ. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Sa dzèè’ màts’inii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mànah’ǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sa dzèè’ màghnii’ǫ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lùdii màghniikǫ. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Uyii mupanè’ maghighnìikǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màghighnìikǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Alaska wuts’eh dune màghniihtę. ’Uyii mupanè’ ’ulę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlązii màghniihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma nàghniihtą? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muts’ahdè’ mànuniis’ǫ.

pf with w‑ areal. (1s ‑àwniis‑, 2s ‑àwniin‑, 3s ‑àwnii‑, 1p ‑àwts’inii‑, 2p ‑àwnah‑, 3p ‑àwoònii‑) ‑‑‑‑Sinii sukǫh màwniis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh yàwnii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kǫh màwoònii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nukǫh màwniin’ǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh wuts’àdzè’ yàwnii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh sàwnii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khukǫh màwts’inii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhukǫh màwnah’ǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh sàwoònii’ǫ. ʘ^ma

pf with y‑ 3sg object. (1s màyniis‑, 2s màyniin‑, 3s yàynii‑, 1p màyts’inii‑/màyts’inìi‑, 2p màynah‑, 3p màghighnìi‑) ‑‑‑‑Màyniis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màyniin’ǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàynii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màyts’inii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màyts’inìila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màynah’ǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màghighnìi’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii màghniikǫ. ʘ^ma

pf with y‑ 3sg object and h‑ classifier. (1s màyniih‑, 2s màyniinh‑, 3s yàyniih‑, 1p màyts’inìih‑, 2p màynah‑, 3p màghighnìih‑) ‑‑‑‑Gah màyniinhtęǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màyniihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màyniinhtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàyniihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màyts’inìihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màynahtęǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màghighnìihtę. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

pf reflexive. (1s ’udughàdnus‑, 2s ’udughàdniin‑, 3s ’udughàydè‑, 1p ’udughàts’ìdè‑, 2p ’udughàdnah‑, 3p ’udughàghighdè‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udughàdnust’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udughàdniint’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udughàydèt’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udughàts’ìdèt’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udughàdnaht’ǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udughàghighdèt’ǫ. ʘ^ma

> P‑ghà#O‑d-h‑deh “share O with P” see under deh²

> khu’ayhii/khu’àhii d-nii “sneeze” see under nii¹

khuda n. (Alces alces andersoni) variant of kuda. ‑‑‑‑Khuda ghizèhkhę. ʘ^mc [PA *x̣ə-na:‑yi: “game animal, esp. ruminant” (lit. ’that which moves (or lives)’) (Leer p.c.)]

khudii adv. (pr khuʹdii) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudant’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, khudant’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudii k’èdah. ‑‑‑‑Khudii nawujèh ’èht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo khudii la khwùdè’ nidìsya. ‑‑‑‑Sòònast’e ghǫh la ’udoo khudii lhunasdalh. [from Eng hurry?]

> khuda#O‑h‑’įį “hurry with O” see under ’įį³

ghùje n. (pr ghùjeʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Branta canadensis) ‑‑‑‑ghùje yąą̀dza

ghùje zǫza n. ʘ^ma (Chen caerulescens)

ghùje tsudla n. ʘ^ma (Chen caerulescens)

> ghùje t’ǫ̀’ “horsetail” see under t’ǫ̀’

> ghùje yutsudzii “heart-leaved arnica, broad-leaved arnica” see under tsuts²

> ghùje chos ts’ùdè’ “goose-down comforter” see under ts’ùdè’

khul¹ wind

mom

khàl

khul

khàl

khàl

nu#O‑n-h‑khul v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Ts’èh nunèehkhul.

khul² club

dur	khul	khul	khul	khul
mom	khàl/khàlh	khul	khàlh	khàl
per	khàlh	khàtl		khàlh

O‑h-khul v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Mudowa ’uts’iihkhul. [PA *‑ɬ-x̣əl “beat with stick, club” (L87)]

O‑h-khul v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Yukaniihkhul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe ’ukaniihkhul. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii nulèè’ midzòòdnaskhàlhe. Dèkwudindiia? ‑‑‑‑Khwąze nukhikadnaskhàlhe. ʘ^em

nù#O‑d-h‑khul v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda nùduskhàl. ‑‑‑‑Naydèhkhul. Lhoowe nùdèhkhul. ‑‑‑‑Nùdaskhàlhe. ʘ^ma

O‑n-h‑khul v.

dur ‑‑‑‑Yinehkhul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Winehkhul. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wuk’eh duninhkhàl. ‑‑‑‑McLeod, Tsek’ene kwune dughukǫh wuk’eh gat t’oodzè’ dawnèhkhul. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’èh gwuda nùnawnèhkhul lǫ̀. For further example(s) of mom see k’i³ (under ‑k’i#).

pass ‑‑‑‑Dichin dunèhghul.

nùnèhghulii n. ‑‑‑‑window nùnèhghulii

kǫh wuk’eh (du)nèhghulii n. ‑‑‑‑Lhatahda gat t’oodzè’ ’èh kǫh wuk’eh nèhghulii ’awweh’įį.

P‑k’ù#d-ghul v. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla muk’ùdinghul.

d-ghul v. ‑‑‑‑Dughul. ʘ^ma

O‑h-khul v.

per ‑‑‑‑Dichin ’èh k’oodehkhàlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì k’oodehkhatl lǫ̀, yì’ònè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nutseh k’oodinhkhàlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’eh k’oodoonhkhàlhììnò. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Gòòle wìlę da dawdehkhalh lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin tinhkhàl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùyiihkhul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dichin tiniihkhul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ònè yidèhkhul. ‑‑‑‑Nùdaskhàlhe. ‑‑‑‑Si’òònà’ nawnhkhàlììnò. ʘ^ma

mèh ’ughdehkhàlhii n. ‑‑‑‑Mèh ’ughdehkhàlhii ’èh kighnètal.

chedidughula n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii chedidughula ’oosle.

Kawdèghula Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

tughulii n.

Tughulii Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

khùlh

ta#h-khùlh v. ‑‑‑‑Too tahkhùlh. For further example(s) of ta#h-khùlh see dase (under ‑dase).

> khùlh “darkness” see under khetl

ghų̀lh

‑ghų̀lhè’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį mughų̀lhè’ wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Mughų̀lhè’ nàats’ut. [cf. khùlh “darkness”]

‑ghų̀lhè’ su’ǫde n. ‑‑‑‑Mughų̀lhè’ su’ǫde nùdèehkhul. Gwa nuyugul. ‑‑‑‑Mughų̀lhè’ su’ǫde naydèhkhulii ’èh nìdè’įį. ʘ^ma

> ‑ghų̀lhè’ “knock-out, unconsciousness” see under ghų̀lh

khunùs n. (pr khuʹnùs) ʘ^ma (psd ‑khunùsè’) ‑‑‑‑Khunùs ’èh mun k’eh yàsuskę. [PA *x̣əŋə’s “raft” (KL)]

khųz n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑ghųzè’) ‑‑‑‑mughųzè’ ʘ^ma [PA *x̣əz “pus” (KL)]

tsįįh khųz n. (psd ‑tsįįh khųzè’, ‑tsįįh ghųzè’) ‑‑‑‑sitsįįh khųzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nitsįįh khųzè’ tetsune.

‑ghųzè’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Ughųzè’ das’àlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tsiiya mughųzè’ wìlę.

ghuz pl run

mom	ghes	ghuz	ghus	ghes
per	ghus	ghus	ghus	ghus

H-ghuz v. (mot) [PA *lə-ɣ.əz “duck, dodge, react in fear” (L87)]

per ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’àhghus. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’ughus. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìghaghus. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’umawii wiidìì’ nidòòwène ’wèdè’ k’ìghughus.

mom ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè ts’idèhghuz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza ghidèhghuza?

khut

dur

ghut

ghut

ghut

ghut

O‑ghut, nu#O‑D-ghut v. (dur) [PA *‑ɣ.a:d “shake” (L87)]

O‑ghut: ‑‑‑‑Yughut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ ’ughut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ ghughut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs dasghude. ʘ^ma

pf with 3sg object. (1s ghiisghut, 2s ghin‑, 3s yii‑, 1p ts’ii‑, 2p ghah‑, 3p ghighii‑) ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ ghiighut. ‑‑‑‑Yiighut. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ ts’iighut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’iighut. ʘ^mc

nu#O‑D-ghut: D-gh ‑‑> g. ‑‑‑‑Nungut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii duts’ùdè’ nugut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudasgude. ‑‑‑‑Nuts’oogudii.

pf (1s niisgut‑, 2s niin‑, 3s nii‑, 1p nuts’ii‑, 2p nah‑, 3p nughii‑) ‑‑‑‑Niisgut. ʘ^mc ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuts’ùdè’ niingudo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì duts’ùdè’ niigut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khuts’ùdè’ nuts’iigut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhuts’ùdè’ nahgudǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dughuts’ùdè’ nughiigut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yus ka sukè’ niisgut.

> Khutà’ “God” see under tà’

> Khutà’ muchwę̀’ “Jesus” see under chwę̀’

ghųtl ono. the sound of a hard object (arrow, rock) hitting another object. ‑‑‑‑Ghųtl dèjàh.

> khutsehdzii “ancestor, old-timer” see under tseh

khuy winter

dur

khuy

khuy

khuy

khuy

khuye n. (w pr khuʹye) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khuye wìsdlii. ‑‑‑‑Khuye wudowa ’ah dèst’ę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla khuye ’uwìjàh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of khuye see de¹ (under how). [PA *x̣αy “winter” (L87)]

nù‑khu#d-h‑khuy v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Nùkhudidèhkhuy. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì nùkhudiihkhuy.

ghų̀y

‑ghų̀yè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mughų̀yè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑gòòle ghų̀yè’ [PA *x̣αy “small roots” (K05)]

‑kaghų̀yè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mukaghų̀yè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukaghų̀yè’ kwune lhàts’eh ghinidòòwè.

(khuye)

> khuye widzǫ̀ǫ̀dza “winter bird” see under dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza

khwązii adv. (pr khwąʹzii) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc variant of kwązii; also khwąze.

close by: ‑‑‑‑Jo khwązii sinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jo khwązii nunzut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyè khwązii k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo jo khwązii dinadalhe. ’Ìdighè la dinadalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑9‑mile wuts’eh khwązii deh taàmah ’utune.

soon: ‑‑‑‑Kwùla khwązi k’ìnut’ahi dinatlulhe. ‑‑‑‑Frankie kwùla khwązii yìdà’è kadàhlhalhe. For further examples of soon see ’ą̀’² (under ni(‑nu)#O‑d-ìì‑h‑’ą̀’); khul² (under O‑h-khul).

khwùdè’, khwùnè’ adv.

khwùdè’¹: (pr khwùʹdè’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khwùdè’ nadalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khwùdè’ gwudzè’ dèhya. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khwùdè’ midoonasdìì’. ‑‑‑‑Naydi’į̀į̀h khwùdè’ yuk’ànehtą. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo khudii khwùdè’ yughǫh lhuya’ąlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwuda sǫ khwùdè’ tsà’ k’e’iighǫ. For further examples of khwùdè’¹ see ’ą¹ (under mom); ììzǫh (under ‑ììzǫh).

khwùnè’: (pr khwùʹnè’) ʘ^ma

kakhwùdè’, kakhwùnè’ adv. [< ? kwùla khwùdè’, kwùla khwùnè’]

kakhwùdè’¹: (pr kakhwùʹdè’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kakhwùdè’ sudàdinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kakhwùdè’ danèesdǫ. ‑‑‑‑Kakhwùdè’ minasdìì’. ‑‑‑‑“Dèkanlàhat’ea kakhwùdè’?” sèhnii. ‑‑‑‑Ninii la kakhwùdè’ suk’èhdzè’ noodat’ę. For further example(s) of kakhwùdè’¹ see ììzǫh (under ‑`zǫh).

kakhwùnè’: (pr kakhwùʹnè’) ‑‑‑‑Kakhwùnè’ sugàh dùniiya.

ghwus

‑ghwus n. ‑‑‑‑nughwus ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑sughwus ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ughwus ’ì’ònè nintį̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Dichin sughwus ghunukuy. [PA *ɣ.ʊs “thigh” (K05)]

‑ghwus chow n.

ghwùsa itch, tickle

dur

ghwùsa

ghwùsa

ghwùsa

ghwùsa

‑ghwùsa v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Usghwùsa. ‑‑‑‑Siighǫ̀’ ’ughwùsa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’àsè’ ’ughwùsa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Senììghwùsa. For further example(s) of ‑ghwùsa see t’e¹ (under sa#t’è). [PA *‑ɣ.ʊ’č’ “be ticklish” (L78)]

O‑h-khwùsa v. ‑‑‑‑Nenììhkhwùsa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Senììhkhwùsa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghiihkhwùsa. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’udukwus ’wèdè’ suk’àsè’ ’ehkhwùsa. ’Ii ghǫh la ’wèdè’ duskwus. ʘ^ma

khwush n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Rosa spp.) ‑‑‑‑Mukhwushè’ wìlę. [PA *ɣ.ʊš “thorn” (L87)]

khwush chow n. ʘ^ma (Oplopanax horridum)

ghwush froth

mom	ghwush	ghwush	ghwush	ghwush
mom		khwusha
mom			khwushe	.
per	khwush(a)			.
prog	khwush

wusghwush n. (pr wusghwuʹsh) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑too wusghwush ‑‑‑‑Wusghwush ’ut’e. ʘ^ma [PA *ɣ.ʊs^r “foam” (K05)]

nisghwush n. (pr nisghwuʹsh) ʘ^ma (Shepherdia canadensis) ‑‑‑‑Nisghwush la sehts’ii. ‑‑‑‑Nishghwush nìisla.

‑nàhkhwushè’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Unàhkhwushè’ ’unleh. ’Uyii ’unàhkhwushè’ ’inhbets.

‑tsìsghwusha n. ʘ^ma

‑lasghwusha n. ‑‑‑‑Nulasghwusha t’undindiih.

lhik’esgwusha adj. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gat lhik’esgwusha. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin lhik’esgwusha lhintsèl. ʘ^ma

ts’-h‑khwush v. ‑‑‑‑Lhonè’ wits’ehkhwush. ‑‑‑‑Wits’ehkhwush ’ìtsǫ̀ǫ̀wìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìtsòòwìì wits’ehkhwush. Gòòle nùstlǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wits’ehkhwushawùjàh. ʘ^ma

wughwush ono. the sound of rumbling. ‑‑‑‑Subùt t’àh “wughwush, wughwush” widii.

de#d-n‑ghwush v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Lìdii dednùsghwush.

O‑h-khwusha v.

per ‑‑‑‑K’e’inhkhwusha ’wèdè’. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè wits’idèhkhwusha.

w-h‑khwush v. (mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Gwudze nawahkhwush.

per ‑‑‑‑K’òòwehkhwush. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Nawdahkhwushe.

ghwùt

cont

ghwùt

ghwùt

.

nù#ghwùt v. (cont) ‑‑‑‑Nùghwùt. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uska nùghwùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune k’ula nùghwùt. ‑‑‑‑Nùsughwùt. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ ts’è’ k’ula nùghwùdii la. ʘ^em For further example(s) of nù#ghwùt see dòòwè² (under dòòwè).

LH/L

la¹

la adv. indicates certainty, confidence; occurs after a word or phrase, never sentence-initially.

sentence-internal la: ‑‑‑‑Faye la yediizow. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’èh la dasyalhe. ʘ^ma

sentence-final la: ‑‑‑‑Michinè’ là. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii tse muk’eh dude nidòòwè la. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ kant’e la. ‑‑‑‑Dudììhii khutadidaghǫ̀lhe la. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ kooht’e la. Mudzèè’ ’ute’e. For further example(s) of sentence-final [la] see kusk’eh (under kusk’ehdze).

> la#O‑h‑’įį “do, have O” see under ’įį³

> la#jàh “go, get (somewhere), die” see under jàh

> la#O‑làh “do to O” see under làh

> la#d-nii “cry, say” see under nii¹

> la#t’e “be” see under t’e¹

la², le classify plural

mom	lèh/yèh	la/ya	lelh/yelh	lèh/yèh
per	leh	leh	lelh	leh
neu	la/ya	là’/yà’	làlh/yàlh	là’/yà’
dist	lè’	la		lè’
prog	lelh
cust	leh/yeh

O‑le v. (clf-mot

prog For example(s) for prog see la² (under prog).

per ‑‑‑‑Tl’oolh k’èleh.

mom¹ ‑‑‑‑Kunlèh. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nùts’idùsla. ‑‑‑‑Wutl’ùs sànlèh. ‑‑‑‑Lhadzè’ kwununlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’unè’ nudìsla. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè nùkhighiila dzè’ la kwùn ghats’ììhlhah. ‑‑‑‑’Ònè khighdùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kùnudasya. ‑‑‑‑Dudahda du’èh nawdùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mèh ’uk’a’ugudzii ’èh mèh ’uk’e’udehii ’èh kunlèh. For further example(s) of mom¹ see dądzii (under wudądzii).

cust

dune ’udulehii n.

dune ’ut’àhdzè’ ghìda dulehii n.

dist ‑‑‑‑Tsìnùdèesla.

chi-nu#lh-gh-n‑D-le v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Chinulhighnèhya.

cust ‑‑‑‑Chinulhights’inuyeh. ‑‑‑‑Dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza joo chinulhighnuyeh.

chinulhighnuyehii kǫh n. ‑‑‑‑Ma ka’òòhlhahìì wukayniizun, dune chinulhighnuyehii kǫh lhudahdùlh.

‑dàà’ nu#O‑le v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Nuglassè’ nudàà’ nunleh. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì sudàà’ naniisla.

dulhu#O‑gh-le v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Migòòhè’ mudowa dulhughinlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii muyèlhè’ dulhanuwòòslèhii.

pf (1s dulhaàghsusla/dulhaghèes‑, 2s dulhaàghsin‑, 3s dulhaghùs‑, 1p dulhaghts’ùs‑, 2p dulhaàghsah‑, 3p dulhaghghùs‑) ‑‑‑‑Dulhaàghsusla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo dulhaàghsinlaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna dulhaghùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dulhaghts’ùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii joo dulhaàghsahlaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune joo dulhaghghùsla. ʘ^ma

‑ga#w-d‑le v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Sugawdùsla.

refl¹ ‑‑‑‑’Udugawdidèesya. ‑‑‑‑Gawdidinyèh, khudii. ‑‑‑‑Gawts’ididèhya.

kwu#O‑d-n‑le v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo kùnuyehii kwudninlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì kwudniisla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ k’ula wìsdlii. K’udà’. ’Udoo kwedniinlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwednoonlèhììnò. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of kwu#O‑d-n‑le see yheh (under kùnuyehii).

kwù#O‑n-ìì‑le v. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kwùnèslèh. ‑‑‑‑Kwùts’idnàlelhe. ‑‑‑‑Kwùnooslehìì wukaynuszun.

pf (1s kwùnèsla, 2s kwùnìn‑, 3s kwùnè‑, 1p kwùts’inè‑, 2p kwùnàh‑, 3p koonè‑) ‑‑‑‑Ts’èhts’ìk kwùnèsla. ‑‑‑‑Sinii kwùnèsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùnìnlaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dichin kwùnèla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii kwùts’inèla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùnàhlaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dichin koonèla. ʘ^ma

kwùn k’i-nu#w-n‑le v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Kwùn k’inawninlèh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì kwùn k’inawnèesla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì mik’inawnèesla. ʘ^ma

mu’èh kwùn k’inawoonulehii n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

tu-nu#d-le v. ‑‑‑‑Tse tunudùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duyèlhè’ yumah tunudùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila yhèlh mudah tunudèesla. ʘ^ma

P‑tl’ǫh d-le v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Dùnèt’ea mutl’ǫh diinlaa? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

P‑tl’ǫ#’-d‑le v. ‑‑‑‑Madus tsàzùs tl’ǫ’ughduleh. ʘ^em

P‑k’ì(‑nu)#d-le v. (gh mom) ì+’ ‑‑> e. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ya ’anh’įįa mik’inadinlèh, khudii. ‑‑‑‑Wuk’iwdidalelhe. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dàna sik’ìdidalelhe. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Suk’edidalelhe. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Muk’ets’idoolèhii, muk’enuts’idoolèhii.

pf with 3sg object of postposition. (1s muk’ediisla, 2s muk’ediin‑, 3s yuk’edii‑, 1p muk’ets’idii‑, 2p muk’edah‑, 3p muk’eghdii‑) ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì muk’ediisla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì muk’ets’idiila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì muk’edahlaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnèt’ea mik’ìdiinlaa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’ediinlaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yuk’ediilaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’ighdiilaǫ? ʘ^ma

lhi-tù#O‑d-n‑le v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Lhitùdnèesla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudahii lhitùdnìinla. ʘ^ma

lhì‑too-nu#O‑n-le v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì siwisch’ilè’ lhìtoonuniisla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìtoondinaslelhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìtoonuts’inoolèhii. ʘ^ma

P‑na#d-le v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ sunadinlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e ts’ùdè’ sunadiila. ʘ^ma

nu#O‑ìì‑lèh v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Lhadzè’ nawinlèh. ‑‑‑‑Lhadzè’ nawàhlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhudahii lhadzè’ nahlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhudahda lhadzè’ nawàhlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’ahyè nawnìisla. ‑‑‑‑Khudahii lhadzè’ nuts’oolèhii.

sè’ nu#w-lèh v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Delà’ ’èkèh sè’ nawulèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sè’ nòòwinleh. ‑‑‑‑Supanè’, khudahda sè’ nawts’oolèhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’ùdè’ sè’ nawslèhii.

pf (1s sè’ nawnìisla, 2s nawnìin‑, 3s nawnìi‑, 1p nawts’inìi‑, 2p nawnàah‑, 3p nawoònii‑) ‑‑‑‑Nudahda sè’ nawnìinlaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudahda sè’ nawnìisla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì dudahda sè’ nawnìila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudahda sè’ nawts’inìila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhudahda sè’ nawnàahlaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dughudahda sè’ nawoòniila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sè’ nawoòniila. ʘ^mc

nu#O‑d-n‑le v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Nudniisla. ‑‑‑‑Nawdniinla? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukǫh nawdniisla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nawts’idniila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khukǫh nawts’idnoolèhii. ʘ^ma

nu#O‑d‑(n‑)le v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Sugwùt nudnalelh.

mom² ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì nusidnùsla. Shòwast’e.

nu#w-d‑(n‑)le v.

prog ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sukǫh nawdiinlelh. ‑‑‑‑Kooyà k’indah. Kooyà yhèlh ninlèh. Gwudzèt’è’ kooyà nawdiinlelh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawdesà nawdniinlelha?

mom ‑‑‑‑Sukǫh nawdnèesla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Alec yìnònè nawdnùsla. ’Utune ’uwìdlàh. ‑‑‑‑Dah, yìdà’è Caribou Mt. Creek gwudzè’ nawts’idnùsla. ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze khukeyiih nawdnìinla.

tù#O‑le v. (s,s) For examples for tù#O‑le see k’èh (under because); zut (under nù#’-d‑n-zut).

prog ‑‑‑‑’Udawdèlah. ’Udoo too tùnalelh.

mom ‑‑‑‑Ya tùsinlèha? ʘ^ma

tù#w-le v. (ìì,s) ù‑w optionally ‑‑> àw. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ’udoo tùwìlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’udàzǫh ’udoo jo tawwìlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duwaduz dzàa tawts’oolèh kwudindiia? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didòò dzenèes sǫ tàwìlèhìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dasà Fort Ware dzè’ tàwsinlaa? ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Weasel Creek ghidii gwudzè’ tùnawts’ùsla. (Early Travels) ‑‑‑‑Sòònast’e ’èh ’udoo khudii khwùdè’ tùnaàwsusdla. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sǫ sukǫh tunuwùsdlehìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ dùnèt’e sǫh tawnlèhìì. ʘ^em

P‑tu#O‑le v. (dist) ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo khulèè’ tunùdinlè’. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’uts’unè’ khulèè’ tusinlaǫ? ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ tawslè’ii dowa la gwuda siihlha. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn tuts’usla.

‑la v. (clf neu) ‑‑‑‑sula ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Jode sula. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwuda tl’oolh sula. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe tunè’ gwuda sula. ‑‑‑‑Ts’utsudzii la ’udoo sà’ wèsla. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Gwuda tl’oolh ghulà’. [PA *‑la:, *‑le: “discreet pl. objects or ropelike object is” (L87)]

Lhiihchidleke Tisulade pn. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑’Ide wìsahlha. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nudahda nuch’ǫ̀ k’oodninhlha. ‑‑‑‑Dudahda shòwàwèhlha. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uska gwuda ’wèdè’ dudahda wèhlha. ’Udoo shòwà’ wèhlha. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dughukǫh ts’è’ ’utsigǫ̀’ dughehlha. ʘ^em For further example(s) of caus see t’ù² (under clf-mot).

muk’eh wìsiihlha n. ‑‑‑‑Muk’eh wìsiihlha sàynii’ǫ. ʘ^ma

sà#d-ya v. (n) also sù#. [< D-la ‑‑> ya]

impf (1s sàdèsya, 2s sùdnìin‑, 3s sàdè‑, 1p sàts’idè‑, 2p sùdnàah‑, 3p saghdè‑) ‑‑‑‑Sàdèsya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’wusulè’ sàdèsya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sàdèya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuk’wusulè’ sùdnìinya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo nuk’wusulè’ sùdnìinya. ʘ^ma

sùdusyaii n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Diiya sùdusyaii. ʘ^ma

nù#d-ya v. (s neu) ‑‑‑‑Nùdàahya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùts’idèhya. ‑‑‑‑Nàghdayà’. [< D-la ‑‑> ya]

tèle#d-ya v. (s neu) ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune gwuda tèleghdèhya. ʘ^ma [< D-la ‑‑> ya]

chwe#d-ya v. (s neu) ‑‑‑‑Chweghdèhya. [< D-la ‑‑> ya]

’-d‑ya v. (s neu) ‑‑‑‑’Usanii ’ughdèhya. ʘ^ma [< D-la ‑‑> ya]

> du#’ą/le “place sg./pl. in hanging cache” see under ’ą¹

> nì#(w‑)’ą/le “place sg./pl. in underground cache” see under ’ą¹

> sà#d-h‑D‑’ą/la “have sg./pl. in mouth” see under ’ą¹

> Dune Tii Sulade “Pike L.” see under tii

la³

‑là’ n. variant of ‑iilà’. ‑‑‑‑sulà’ ʘ^mc

> labàt “mitten, mitt” see under bàt

> ‑lachę̀’ “wrist” see under chę̀’

> lachine “cuff” see under chin

> ‑lagǫ̀’ “fingernail” see under gǫ̀’

> ‑latl’à’ “palm of the hand, paw” see under tl’à’

lhà’

dur

lhà’

lhà’

P‑tse#gh-d‑n-h‑lhà’ v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sitseghdnahlhà’. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo khitseghdninhlhà’. ‑‑‑‑Wewitsį̀į̀’. Nukhitseghdniihlhà’.

là’

’ulà’ n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑elà’) ‑‑‑‑melà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ nun k’eh sutǫ. ‑‑‑‑Delà’ gha’ììhlhah. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’ulà’ see ti¹ (under ti#n‑).

> ’ulà’ chowè’ “boat rib” see under chow²

> ’ulà’ ’èkèh kǫh “boat pilot house” see under èkèh

> ’ulà’ lǫh “bow of boat” see under lǫh

> ’ulà’ tsìda “bow of boat” see under tsè’

lhad๠adv. (pr lhaʹdà) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode lhadà nunzut. ‑‑‑‑Lhadà sinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nunèestę tl’ǫh, lhadà ghustę ’ii tl’ǫh ts’inunusdzut. Tlįį yahtijii ’èh ts’inunusdzut. For further example(s) of lhad๠see ’ą¹ (under nì#w-d‑’ą).

lhadಠadv. (pr lhaʹdà) ‑‑‑‑Lhadà k’e’it’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Lhadà k’eghit’ììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii lhadà la k’e’ist’į̀į̀hii ’èh last’e. ‑‑‑‑Lhadà k’edinììh, lhatahda.

lhadzè’ adv. (pr lhaʹdzè’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhadzè’ kinàhtal. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhadzè’ nùnin’į̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Lhadzè’ khu’ayhii dinii. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lhadzè’ ts’ideh’ą̀’. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lhadzè’ kinìintal. Jode zǫh kinìintal. ‑‑‑‑Lhadzè’ ’unt’e. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of lhadzè’ see le¹ (under sa#lè).

lhadzè’ exp. ‑‑‑‑lhadzè’, such’ǫ

lhah work

dur	lhah	lhah	lhalh	lhah
dur	yah			.

P‑gha#’‑(gh‑)ìì‑h-lhah v. (dur) ghà# also attested. optional gh‑ used especially but not exclusively with plural forms.

P‑gha#’-ìì‑h-lhah: ‑‑‑‑Ma’ìslhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka na’ììhlhaha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dunè’ naw’òdzii. ’Udoo mà’ìnhlhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo saghdàhlhalhe. ‑‑‑‑Ka’òòslhà’ìì wukaynuszų. ʘ^ma For further examples of P‑gha#’-ìì‑h-lhah see ììzǫh (under ‑ììzǫh); t’e¹ (under impf⁵); ts’ehe.

impf with k‑ areal object of postposition. (1s ka’ìslhah, 2s ka’ình‑, 3s ka’ììh‑, 1p kats’ììh‑, 2p ka’àh‑, 3p kaghììh‑) ‑‑‑‑Ka’ìslhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ka’ìnhlhahǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ka’ììhlhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kats’ììhlhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ka’àhlhahǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kaghììhlhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Semàwii ka’ììhlhah. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè kaghììhlhahii ’èh miidìì’ nidòòwajàh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii nukǫh mà’iinhlhà’ii Victor ghànhtsoos. ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii wa’ììslhah. ʘ^ma

dune ka’ììhlhahii n.

dune tsuts gha’ììhlhahii n.

kwùn gha’ììhlhahii n. ‑‑‑‑Kwùn gha’ììhlhahne gwuda nùghiila. ʘ^ma

P‑gha#gh-ìì‑h-lhah:

impf with k‑ areal object of postposition. (1p kaghts’ììhlhah, 2p kaghàh‑, 3p kaghghììh‑) ‑‑‑‑Kaghts’ììhlhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kaghàhlhaho? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kaghghììhlhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh kwùla ’utsùn ghaghghììhlhah.

refl² ‑‑‑‑’Udughaghdììyah. ʘ^ma

fut (1s kaghdàaslhalhe, 2s kaghdìinh‑, 3s kaghdàh‑, 1p kaghts’idàh‑, 2p kaghdàah‑, 3p kaghighdàh‑) ‑‑‑‑Sinjoo kaghdàaslhalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kaghdìinhlhalhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kaghdàhlhalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kaghts’idàhlhalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kaghdàahlhalhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune joo kaghighdàhlhalhe. ʘ^ma

lah¹

’udu#d-D‑lah v. (n) ‑‑‑‑’Ududèdlah. ‑‑‑‑Dune ’udaghdèdlah. ‑‑‑‑“K’ula yhììh ’ududèdlahii ts’izèhkhę,” ’èhnii. (Grizzly story) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii lìdii ’ududèdlah. Nùtsut. ʘ^ma

’udu#w-d‑D-lah v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Wutsį̀į̀’. ’Udawdèdlah. ʘ^ma

’udu#w-d‑lah v. (n)

impf (1s ’udawdèslah/’udawdìslah, 2s ’udawdin‑, 3s ’udawdè‑, 1p ’udawts’idè‑, 2p ’udawdàh‑, 3p ’udawoodè‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udawdèslah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udawdèlah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udawts’idèlah. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’udawdèlah. Mitsahlii. Matiiyawììht’e. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of impf see dǫ̀h (under in the morning).

lah²

‑lah n. (voc uslah) ‑‑‑‑sulah ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Uyii la mulah looht’e.

lah³

wulah n. ‑‑‑‑Wulah ’esdììh.

wulahne n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wulahne dune ’wèlìì k’eghit’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of wulahne see ya³ (under cust).

làh, le make

dur	leh	làh	lììlh	leh
prog	lalh

u#O‑làh v. (ìì,0) u# a default prefix, replaceable by more contentful prefixes. In addition to the unusual conjugation pattern, this verb has other irregularities. (1) n appears in the 1pl and 3pl imperfective. (2) ìì is è in reflexive forms (after d). [PA *la’:G, *la’:x̣ “do (thus) to, make (thus)” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑’Ul ’udnìndlalh dè’, joo deda nintę̀’de dakìdanlah dè’ kwùn mah sinhlha ’ide sǫ tèledìinda wulè’ìì. ‑‑‑‑Gat sugwunii khunùs ’udnìndlalh dè’, all over k’oonkehii mu’èh.

dur ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ’unleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Òòst’ę t’ìi’ą ’unleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts ’unundleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ughghìleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts ’udidasdlììlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ’udòòsdlehii. For further example(s) of dur see biilh¹.

impf refl³ (1s ’udìsdleh, 2s ’udìn‑/’udnìin‑, 3s ’udìì‑, 1p ’uts’idìì‑, 2p ’udàh‑, 3p ’ughdìì‑) ‑‑‑‑Too zul ’udìsdleh. ’Ubets. ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’udìndleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’udnìindleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhįįjoo ’ulà’ ’udàhdleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’udììdleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’ughdììdleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’udìsdleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’uts’idììdleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ah ’uts’idììdleh.

pf (1s ’uslàh, 2s ’un‑, 3s ’u‑, 1p ’uts’inii‑, 2p ’ah‑, 3p ’ughnii‑) ‑‑‑‑’Uslàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’uslàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ’uslàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ’unlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ’ulàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’ulàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ’uts’iniilàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ’ahlàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ’ughniilàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts ’uslàh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ya ’unlàhii Victor ghànhtsoos. ‑‑‑‑Si’įįh tii ’unadlàh. ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’unlàhǫ? ʘ^ma

pf with d-D‑ “for oneself”. (1s ’udèsdlàh, 2s ’udiin‑, 3s ’udè‑, 1p ’uts’idè‑, 2p ’udah‑, 3p ’ughdè‑) ‑‑‑‑Tsuts ’udèsdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts ’udiindlàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts ’udèdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts ’uts’idèdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts ’udahdlàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ’ughdèdlàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts ’ughdèdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’udniindlàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khiilà’ ’èh la ’ulà’ ’uts’idèdlàh. ‑‑‑‑’Ah ’udèdlàh. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh ’awdèdlàh. ʘ^mc ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh ’awdèsdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh uwoodèdlàh. ʘ^mc

pf with w‑ areal object. (1s ’uwìsdlàh, 2s ’uwìn‑, 3s ’uwì‑/’uwù‑/’uwì‑, 1p ’awts’ìì‑, 2p ’uwàh‑, 3p ’awwù‑/’uwòò‑) ‑‑‑‑Sinii kǫh ’uwìsdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii kǫh ’uwìndlàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh ’uwìdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh ’uwùdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh uwììdlàh. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii joo kǫh ’uwàhdlàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune dune kǫh ’awwùdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh ’awwùdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh ’uwòòdlàh. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Àtsa’įį ’èh ’àtsǫǫ ’èh ’ùkwune la jode dune dowa keyiih ’awwìdlàhii là. ʘ^ma

opt (1s ’awsleh, 2s ’awn‑, 3s ’aw‑, 1p ’uts’oo‑, 2p ’uwah‑, 3p ’awoo‑) ‑‑‑‑Tsuts ’awslehii, mudowa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudowa tsuts ’awnlehǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudowa lìdii ’uwahlehǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ’wahlehììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma unusual form with syncopated initial syllable. ‑‑‑‑’Ah ’awlehììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’awlehììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ’awlehii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ’awoolehii. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudant’e, tsuts ’uts’oolehii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sòòwììsàn ’awdoondlehǫ? ʘ^ma

dist ‑‑‑‑Andreas ’unùyìslàh. ‑‑‑‑Andreas ts’èhts’ìk ’unùsulàh. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dude ’unsulàh. ʘ^ma

u# replaced ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dèdayììlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ma nudowayììlaha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhats’eh joo jode ’ughut’e. Kwùla khudunè’ ’ughujàhiilàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siidìì’ nidòòwasìnlàh. ‑‑‑‑Dusbùdasinlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’idubùdakhììlàh. For further example(s) of u# replaced see dù² (under what).

pf with incorporated d-dììh “be sick”. (1s disdììhasììlàh, 2s dindììhanìì‑, 3s didììhayìì‑, 1p ts’ididììhakhìì‑, 2p dahdììhanukhìì‑, 3p ghididììhawì‑) ‑‑‑‑Disdììhasìlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii nòn disdììhasììlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dindììhanììlàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didììhayììlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didììhaydalììlhe. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ididììhakhììlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dahdììhanukhììlàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghididììhawìlàh. ʘ^ma

u-nu#O‑D-làh v. ‑‑‑‑Khinii ledazǫh ’unts’inììdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii ledazǫh ’unusdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didinii ledazǫh ’unuyììdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’unuyììdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’ǫ̀we ’unayts’ììdlàh, ’ii ’èh mawute’e. ʘ^ma

chi#O‑gh-n‑làh v.

impf (1s chighnusleh, 2s chighnin‑, 3s chighnu‑, 1p chights’inu‑, 2p chighnah‑, 3p chighghnu‑) ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo ’utsùn chighnusleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn chighninleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn chighnuleh. Kwùsǫ ’utsùn lhundalelhè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii ’utsùn chights’inuleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn chighnahleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn chighghnuleh. ʘ^ma

dza#O‑làh v. ‑‑‑‑Dzayììlàh. ʘ^ma

‑kwe#O‑d-làh v. ‑‑‑‑Nu’ahè’ ’ekwedinleh. ʘ^ma è’ ’u ‑‑> è’ ’e. [cf. ‑kwedùs’ą “crosspiece”]

‑k’èhdzè#làh v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Didii k’òòk k’èhdzaslàh. ‑‑‑‑Muk’èhdzayòòslehii. ʘ^ma

la#O‑làh v. ‑‑‑‑’Ide wiihtè’ laslàh.

sòòna#O‑làh v. ‑‑‑‑Sòònayììlàh. ʘ^ma

P‑tu#O‑làh v. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì mututs’inììlàh. For further example(s) of P‑tu#O‑làh see sòògah.

‑tsooda#w-D‑làh v. ‑‑‑‑Mitsoodawdasdlììlhe wuk’elha.

ku#O‑làh v. ‑‑‑‑Kunleh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Lhònè’ kunleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhònè’ kaslàh. ‑‑‑‑Ya kanlàha? Sudàdinii. ‑‑‑‑Dèkayììlàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna dèkanììlàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Denà dèkawnleha? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ku#O‑làh see khwùdè’ (under kakhwùdè’¹).

kwùla#O‑làh v. ‑‑‑‑Kwùlayììlàh. ʘ^ma

P‑k’ǫ̀wa#làh v. ‑‑‑‑Nuk’ǫ̀wawslehii. ʘ^ma

sa#làh v. ‑‑‑‑Katsìdla zǫh salàhìì. ʘ^em

tsun#làh v. ‑‑‑‑Too ’èh mutsunanleh.

ts’ula#O‑làh v. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ulasinlàh, duna le. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ditsìì’ ts’ulalàh. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ulasoonlehììnò. For further example(s) of ts’ula#O‑làh see zùs² (under tl’a#gh-d‑zùs).

refl⁴ For example(s) for refl⁴ see noodlii.

’uma#O‑làh v. ‑‑‑‑’Umaslàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhadzè’ ’umanlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila zǫh la k’udà’ ’udoo ’umasleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii Fort Grahame ’umawìdlàh. ‑‑‑‑’Umanìslàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umasììlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii gwa dune ’utsutsde ’umawìdlàh. ʘ^ma

shòwa#O‑làh v. ‑‑‑‑Shòwanììlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwasinlàh. ‑‑‑‑Shòwanìslàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwayììlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwayìlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwanlàh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Shòwanlàh. Teh’ine. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwats’iniilàh.

w-d‑leh v. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ widuleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh t’àhdze ’wèdè’ widuleh.

lhàhde num. (pr lhàhdeʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhàhde zǫh chights’inùsla. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lhàhde suda. [cf. lhìghè’ “one”]

lhą̀hdzè’

lhą̀hdzè’ nì#n‑ vpf. (n) ʘ^ma For example(s) for lhą̀hdzè’ nì#n‑ see tsugh (under (D‑)tsugh).

> lhą̀hdzè’ nì#n-D‑yììh “stop breathing ” see under yììh³

lhahts’eht’e num.

> ‑laschow “thumb” see under chow¹

> ‑lasghwusha “gloves” see under ghwush

> ‑lastsudla “little finger, pinky” see under tsìtl

lat float

mom	lat	làt	lulh	lat
per	lich/dlich	lich/dlich	lulh/dlulh	lich/dlich
prog	lulh

‑lat v. (mot) D‑ is optional in the perambulative stems for this verb.

prog ‑‑‑‑Ghululh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duz kalulh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too kaghe kunalulh. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdahdze tun kalulh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii zǫh sis’òòn ’ii tl’ǫh tììyè’ tun nitsį̀į̀’ii ’èh gwa dalulh. Mewitsį̀į̀’.

tamìlh mu’èh dalulhii n.

per ‑‑‑‑K’èdlich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too k’eh k’èlich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya sǫ too k’eh k’èdlijìì. ‑‑‑‑K’ìdidlich. ‑‑‑‑Mun k’eh dichin k’èlich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’oodidlich. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è dùslàt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ dùslàt. For further example(s) of mom see ti¹ (under ti#n‑).

lhatahda adv. (pr lhataʹhda) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhatahda zǫh la tii kwudisdii. ‑‑‑‑Lhatahda ’udoo ’utsùn khà’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhatahda la khà’u’ą̀h. Lhatahda ’udoo khà’u’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

> lhatus “portage” see under tus

lhats’eh num. ‑‑‑‑Lhats’eh ghinitsį̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Lhats’eh yunuyii’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Lhats’eh lhèht’e.

lhàwilìì adv. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Lhàwilìì yìdìdze kindìsja. ‑‑‑‑Sà’è dǫ̀h lhàwilìì lhunasdalh. ‑‑‑‑Lhàwilìì jode sugàh nusuda. ʘ^em

lhawìì exp. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhawìì, sinda. ‑‑‑‑Lhawìì, ’udoo kasinh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Lhawìì k’e’ist’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

lhàwìì, lhàwììh num. [cf. lhìghè’ “one”]

lhàwìì: (pr lhàʹwìì) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhàwìì sǫ muk’àghnehtą̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhàwìì nuk’ànustą. ‑‑‑‑K’ah, sąs ’ii gòòlii ’in’į̀į̀ha lhàwìì? ‑‑‑‑’Isǫ ’umuse lhàwìì khughǫh lhayalh. ‑‑‑‑Kòòhdǫ̀h kuda nidòòwè. Lhàwìì sǫ muk’àghnehtą̀.

lhàwììh: (pr lhàʹwììh) ʘ^mc

le¹ be

neu

lę/le

lè’

lèlh

lè’/lę̀’

‑le v. (neu) i ~ ii variation occurs in the impf 1pl and 3pl subject vowel. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii chow ghiilè’. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii chow dàlèlhe. ‑‑‑‑Dune tii wulè’ìì wukayniizų. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sǫ nulèè’ wulè’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii sǫ nupanè’ wuslè’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii sǫ semàwii ch’ilàa woonlè’ìì. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑le see ’àtl (under O‑h‑’àtl). [PA *‑le:‑ŋ “be” (L87)]

impf (1s ’uslę, 2s ’in‑, 3s ’u‑, 1p ts’ii‑/ts’i‑, 2p ’ah‑, 3p ghii/ghi‑) ‑‑‑‑Tsek’ene ’uslę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uslhę. ʘ^mc form with optional assimilation of lh to s for mc. ‑‑‑‑Muchwę̀’ ’uslę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsek’ene ’inleǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muchwę̀’ ’inle? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khutah wudunè’ ’inlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsek’ene ’ulę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muchwę̀’ ’ulę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune ghilę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune ghiilę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ilę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhutah wudunè’ ts’ilę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsek’ene ts’ilę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woochwę̀’ ts’ilę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsek’ene ’ahleǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woochwę̀’ ’ahle. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsek’ene ghilę. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Woochwę̀’ ghilę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ’inlęa kwudisdii. (Twinkle, twinkle little star)

la#lę v. ‑‑‑‑Jode laslę. ‑‑‑‑Dii lalę. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii lale. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Iiyale. ʘ^em la not used after ’iiya “there, that”. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdììdze airplane natlulh. ’Iiyale. ʘ^ma

sa#lè v. ‑‑‑‑Kooyè lhadzè’ salè. ʘ^em

(‑t’ah) ’òòya#lę v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’òòyalę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sut’ah ’òòyalę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas t’ah ’òòyanlę? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Òòyaghiilę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usdè’ kwune t’ah ’òòyaslę. Woot’ah ’ooyawdèdlę.

’òòya#d-lę v. (n) ‑‑‑‑’Òòyadèlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Òòyaghdèlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nut’ah ’òòyaghdèlę. ʘ^ma

dist ‑‑‑‑’Òòyanàghdèlę.

P‑ka ’òòya#w-d‑D-lę v. ‑‑‑‑Suka ’òòyawdèdlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune wooka ’òòyawdèdlę. ʘ^ma

refl ‑‑‑‑’Uduka ’òòyalę. Nùni’į̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑’Uduka ’òòyaghdèdlę. ‑‑‑‑’Àtsǫǫ ’uduka ’òòyadlę.

P‑gha ’usdii ‑le v. ‑‑‑‑Dune gha ’usdii ’ulę. ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo ma ’usdii ’uslę.

P#oo-n‑lę v. often occurs with diminutive suffix ‑azii. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii k’ula moonèlę. ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ ch’ilàa moonèlązii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii la noonèlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woownèlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’òòdawa woownèlązii. ʘ^ma

tsun ‑lę v. ‑‑‑‑Sech’ilè’ tsun ’ulę nùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nunè’ tsun ’ulę. ʘ^ma

ghiilè’ adv. (pr ghiilèʹ’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo sąs, tsà’, dube, widzįįh ’ùkoo zǫh wìlę ghiilè’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sulèè’ nùtsut ghiilè’. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda la tsà’ nùstlǫ ghiilè’. ‑‑‑‑Kadusts’ukh ghiilè’. ’Uyii joo ’umaslàh. ʘ^ma

wìlę, wìnlę v. not inflectable for subject. optative woolè’, wòòlè’ + ‑ii optative suffix.

impf ‑‑‑‑Dune wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niilà’ wìlę. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sąs wìlę. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wuts’aste’e da wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Sinii ’udoo supanè’ wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo khą̀hdzè’ nupanè’ wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlįį kighiitl’ǫ̀ǫ̀’ wile’ lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Mukàà’ wìnlę. ʘ^mc

dist ‑‑‑‑wiidìì’ nùwìlene

opt ‑‑‑‑Kooyè yhèlh ’èh ’ididàht’èh, ’udoo yèda woolè’ii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Deda “’umà’” ts’idiide sǫ kwa ’umà’ wòòlę̀’ìì. For further example(s) of opt see dè’¹ (under dè’ sǫ).

le² adj. usually occurs with diminutive suffix ‑a on preceding word. ‑‑‑‑khą̀ts chow le ‑‑‑‑Duna le ’ididììt’èh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duna le, nu’ędii nawdadììlhe. ‑‑‑‑Duna le dèkooht’a? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’iiywą le gwuda suda. ‑‑‑‑’ut’a le ‑‑‑‑Khą̀ts chow le kalulh. ‑‑‑‑Kwùlą le suk’òwant’e. ‑‑‑‑Dusbùda le. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’idubùda le. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of le² see t’ù¹ (under mot). [cf. shòwale “pretty good, fairly well”]

le³

P#oo-le v. ‑‑‑‑’Udighoondlè’ii.

impf with 3sg object of postposition. (1s moosle, 2s moon‑, 3s yoo‑, 1p moots’oo‑, 2p mwah‑, 3p moowoo‑) ‑‑‑‑Moosle. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Moonle. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii moonle. Dayghdatlulhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yoole. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Moots’oole. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mwahle. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Moowoole. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna kwune ’oowoole. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii Teanna moosle. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii dune ’oonle.

P‑ka k#oo-le v. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdahdze nuka koosle. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muka koonlè’. Kwùla nudadalhe. ʘ^em

lę̀’

tsà’ lę̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑mulę̀’ ʘ^ma [PA *le:ŋ, *le:n “castor” (KL)]

ledazǫh adv. (pr ledazǫʹh) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Khinii ledazǫh ts’izèhkhę. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Sinii ledazǫh tsuts ’unudèesdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii ledazǫh ’uts’iduge, yìtsè’è kǫh wuts’è’. ‑‑‑‑Didinii ledazǫh gwuda nusuda, ’ii sǫ kat’e ghǫ̀hsa. ʘ^ma [cf. zǫh “only, just”]

leh¹

’ut’ǫ̀leh n.

> ‑lhehchò’ “two-year-old bear” see under chow¹

lhèhgą̀h n. (pr lhèʹhgą̀h) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc

> lhèhgą̀h tii “supper, evening meal” see under tii

lehja

d-n‑lehja v. ‑‑‑‑Nidnalehja. ‑‑‑‑Muk’àwdnùslehja.

lęhje

’ughę̀zè’ wislęhje n.

> lhèkwet’e “two” see under t’e²

> lhènèt’e “four” see under t’e²

lhès

mom

lès

lèts

lès

lès

lhès n. [PA *ɬe’:ǰ “flour” (K05)]

‑lès, ‑elès, ‑elèsè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda melèsè’ wìlę. ʘ^lt

Dube ’Elès Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide wuts’eh lhìghè’ ts’elę tsedzèh kìilįį, ’uyii joo dube ’elèsè’ kìilįįyii. ʘ^lt

’Usba Lès Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^lt

O‑n-lès v. ‑‑‑‑Nìsdzooh kunyah ’ii tl’ǫh mu’èh kǫh wuninlès. ʘ^ma

P‑k’à#w-n‑lès v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Muk’àwninlès. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì muk’àwnèeslèts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uk’àwdnaslèse. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of P‑k’à#w-n‑lès see sǫ (under k’udà’ sǫ).

lheyehii n. (pr lheyeʹhii) ʘ^ma (psd ‑lheyehè’) ‑‑‑‑Lheyehii sànlèh. [< ‑leh “handle pl. cust.”]

lhì¹

lhì# vpf. (s mom) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Kooyà lhìsuskę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sugàh lhìsuya. ‑‑‑‑Kooyà lhinsustl’a. ‑‑‑‑Yitseh lhìnèhtlah. For further examples of lhì# see dewà; tune (under dùdzenutune); tsè’ (under ‑tsòòwìì).

impf (1s lhìs‑, 2s lhin‑/lhìsin‑, 3s lhi‑, 1p lhìts’u‑, 2p lhàh‑/lhìsah‑, 3p lhìghu‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mugàh lhìskèh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ kooyè lhinkèhǫ?

muk’eh dune lhìnadùlhde n. ʘ^em

lhì²

lhì# vpf. (s) For examples for lhì# see ’ut (under mom); tl’ǫǫ (under lhì# “together”).

lhì#d‑ vpf. (n) For examples for lhì#d‑ see ’ą² (under n‑ cnj); tun¹ (under ‑tun¹); yhòtl (under ‑yòtl).

> lhì‑nu#O‑d‑’ą “stop up, cover, close O” see under ’ą¹

> lhì‑nu#d-h‑duts “lock” see under duts¹

> lhì‑too-nu#O‑n-le “fold O in two, close O (book)” see under la²

> lhì‑nu#O‑tįį “close door” see under tįį

> lhì‑#d-ìì‑H-tlah “cloud up” see under tlat

lhì³

lhì# vpf. (gh mom) occurs with succ verbs; lhe‑ if sole prefix. ‑‑‑‑Ya lhetòna? ‑‑‑‑Ya lhech’ila? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin lhinyìs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin lhàhyìs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìyiiyìts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin lhìiyìts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìyiit’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhììyoot’àsìì wukayniizų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya lhìihch’ila? ‑‑‑‑Edna bes ’èh lhìyiigèt. ‑‑‑‑Dichin lhooyìsìì wukayniizun. ʘ^ma For further examples of lhì# see bììch (under O‑h-bììch); kàt (under O‑kàt); sugh (under mom).

libàlii n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑libàlè’) ‑‑‑‑Libàlii dusu’ǫ. [compare Koy neebaale “tent” and Nav níbaal “tent”]

ts’ehe libàlè’ n.

lìbèshe n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑lìbeshè’) ‑‑‑‑Lìbèshe dachow. ‑‑‑‑Lìbèshe datsìdla. ‑‑‑‑Nuts’eh lìbèshe ’udis’įį. Nintsį̀į̀’. [from Fr le péché]

lìdii n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑lìdiiyè’) ‑‑‑‑Lìdii kayniinzunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii datsìdla sànkàh. ‑‑‑‑Ya lìdii tah kayniinzuna? ʘ^ma [from Fr le thé]

> lhidoo “timber, bush” see under doo

Lìgàrìsdii n. ʘ^ma [from Fr l’Eucharistie]

lhik’i

lhik’i# vpf. (gh) occurs with succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑Tsatsònè’ lhik’oot’àsìì wukayniizų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhik’iyiit’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhik’its’iit’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì lhik’iist’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dichin lhik’ech’il. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii k’òòk lhik’inhch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhik’its’iihch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii k’òòk lhik’ighiihch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhik’ighghiihch’il. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of lhik’i# see tùtl (under ‑tùtl).

lhik’i#n-ìì‑ vpf. occurs with succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑Lhik’inììhch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe lhik’inììhch’il.

> lhik’esgwusha “forked stick, tree” see under ghwush

> lhighdèhtsįį “twins” see under tsįįh³

> lhighdììdlįį “confluence, forks” see under lįį¹

lhìghè’ num. (pr lhìʹghè’) ʘ^ma [cf. lhà, lhàh “one”]

one: ‑‑‑‑Lhìghè’ tlįį zǫh lhunagwulh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lhìghè’ lhoowe gòòlii ’ìslòòh.

other, another: ‑‑‑‑Edna khwudighe panè’ ts’àdzè’ looht’e. Lhìghè’ mupanè’ ts’àdzè’ looht’e. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wudeh lhìghè’ tlįį la ’ushidle lèè’ looht’e.

‑èhlhìghè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Dii la sèhlhìghè’ looht’e.

lhìghii num.

> lhìghè’ mugàh nii’ą “eleven” see under ’ą²

> lhìghè’ ’òòh “one at a time” see under ’òòh

> lhìghè’ nidòòwè “nine” see under dòòwè¹

> lhìghè’ mutahii “eleven” see under tah¹

lii¹ mental state

dur

lii

lii

lii

lii

P‑ts’è’ ti#O‑d-D‑lii v. ti‑’ ‑‑> te. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo muts’è’ tedindlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo suts’è’ tinadidindlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Na’, ’udoo muts’è’ tinadidindlii. Nitsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma

ti-nu#O‑d-D‑lii v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Tinadidlii. ‑‑‑‑Tinadisdlii ’ii tl’ǫh nidìsyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ kwune, sudowa tinadahdlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudowa tindindliiǫ? ‑‑‑‑Mughǫh tinadidisdlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudowa tinudasdlii. ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo, tindidasdliiye. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tindoosdliiyii. [PA *li: “sing” (KL)]

(P‑’èh) ku-ti#ts’-D‑lii v. ‑‑‑‑Kutights’udlii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nukhu’èh kutits’oosdlìì’ii. ʘ^em

P‑soo#d-D‑lii v. ‑‑‑‑Musoodudlii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Musoots’idudlii. ʘ^em

te#gh-D‑lii v.

impf (1s teghisdlii, 2s teghin‑, 3s teghi‑, 1p teghts’i‑, 2p teghah‑, 3p teghghi‑) ‑‑‑‑Ya tùsinlèha? Teghindliia! ‑‑‑‑’Udoo muts’è’ teghisdlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo muts’è’ teghts’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo muts’è’ teghindlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo muts’è’ teghahdlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo muts’e’ teghts’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nidnoozį̀į̀hììsį̀į̀. ’Udoo muts’è’ teghindlii. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yuts’è’ teghidlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo muts’è’ teghghidlii. ʘ^ma

P‑k’ì#ts’-D‑lii v. no perfective. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì nik’ìts’isdlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woo’èh kinìintal ’wèdè’. ’Ii sǫ nik’ights’oodlìì. ʘ^ma

impf with 3sg object of postposition. (1s mik’ìts’isdlii, 2s mik’ìts’in‑, 3s yik’ìts’i‑, 1p mik’ìts’its’i‑, 2p mik’its’ah‑, 3p mik’ights’i‑) ‑‑‑‑Mik’ìts’isdlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mik’ìts’indlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yik’ìts’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mik’ìts’its’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mik’its’ahdlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mik’ights’idlii. ʘ^ma

impf with reflexive object of postposition. (1s ’udik’ìts’isdlii, 2s ’udik’ìts’indlii, 3s ’udik’ìts’idlii, 1p ’udik’ìts’its’idlii, 2p ’udik’ìts’ahdlii, 3p ’udik’ights’idlii) ‑‑‑‑’Udik’ìts’isdlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udik’ìts’indlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udik’ìts’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udik’ìts’its’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udik’ìts’ahdlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udik’ights’idlii. ʘ^ma

sòòch’à#d-D‑lii v. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sòòch’àghdidlii. ’Ughute’e.

ne#(d‑)d-oo-D‑lii v. ‑‑‑‑Nedoosdlii. ‑‑‑‑Nedidoondlii. ‑‑‑‑Khinii zǫh nets’idoodlii.

lii² noise?

neu

lii

lìì’

P‑itsi#lii v. ‑‑‑‑Ma nitsoolìì’a? ‑‑‑‑Yitsoolìì’ii ’ìdinii.

impf with 3sg object of postposition. (1s mitseslii, 2s mitsin‑/mitsiin‑, 3s yitse‑, 1p mitsits’e‑, 2p mitsah‑, 3p mitsighe‑) ‑‑‑‑Sitsinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sitsiinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsiinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitseslii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsits’elii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sitsahlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sitselii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sitsighelii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwooht’e. Mitsinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwawììht’e. Kitsinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’e’ist’į̀į̀h. Sitsinlii. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį ’itsinlii ’ìdinii. ‑‑‑‑K’e’it’į̀į̀h. Mitsinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khitsighelii.

P‑ì#d-D‑lii v. ‑‑‑‑Sìdidlii. ‑‑‑‑Mìts’ididlii. ‑‑‑‑Andreas ’ìts’ididlii. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii lhìghè’ ’ìdidlii. ‑‑‑‑’Iihts’ii ’oodudlii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Yìnònè nàts’ii ’oodidlii.

dlòw ku#d-D‑lii v. ‑‑‑‑Dlòw kuts’ididlii. ‑‑‑‑Sudowa dlòw kaghdidlii.

lii³

ne#O‑oo-lii v. ‑‑‑‑Dune ne’ooslii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsedahdììh. Yhììh ne’ooslii.

pass ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda ne’oodlii ’òòht’e.

P‑ka se#’-oo-lii v. ‑‑‑‑Kuda ka se’ooslii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda ka sets’oolii. ʘ^ma

lii⁴ v. archaic; modern form is ’udoo looht’e. ‑‑‑‑“Na’, khą̀ts, k’ah ninii nelòdè’ lii.” (Nats’oodalh)

lii⁵

P‑ghù‑soo#d-D‑lii v. ‑‑‑‑Gah ghùsoodisdlii. ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ ghùsoodisdlii.

lįį¹

‑lįį v. (ext) The semantically most neutral prefix is n‑. ‑‑‑‑Too niilįį. ‑‑‑‑Too kìilįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’elę kùdìslįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Weissener L. (Mun Chow) ’idììlįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too ’utsidàdiilįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too mun ts’eh dìslįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too ts’isilįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too nusodnìsdlįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tìdìslįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too lhik’àsilįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mun Chow ts’eh kìdèlįį. ‑‑‑‑’Utughììlįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’elę too ’ìdìlįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ukohghè’ wuguze kìilįį. ʘ^lt For further examples of ‑lįį see ’ats (under mom¹); zę̀’ (under ‑dazę̀’); sowe (under sowe#); sul (under ‑zulè’); tah¹ (under ‑tah); too¹ (under river). [PA *ləŋ “flow” (L87)]

Kùdiilįįde pn.

Too Kùdìslįįde pn.

Gat Tahii Kìilįį Ts’elę̀’ pn.

Kwùlą Suda Wuts’eh ’Ii Ts’elę Kìilįį pn. ʘ^lt

Tse Guze Kìilįį pn. ʘ^ma

Tse Tah Wuts’eh Ts’elę Kìilįį pn. ʘ^lt ʘ^lt

Ts’ùbe Tah Kìilįį pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^lt

Ts’ùdle Tah Kìilįį pn.

too kùdilį̀į̀hii n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too kùdilį̀į̀hii la milìdiiyè’ ’ute’e. ʘ^ma

lhighdììdlįį n.

Too Lhighdììdlįįde pn. ʘ^ma

Nòòwa Loowàa ’èh Kwùdàtą ’èh Lhighdììdlįįde pn. ʘ^ma

Gah Tahii Lhighdììdlįįde pn. ʘ^ma

too nìilįįde n. ʘ^ma

Too Chow Ts’eh Ts’elę Dìslįį’ii pn. Kw pronunciation of TsK’ pn.

dìslį̀į̀’ n. (psd ‑dislį̀į̀’) ‑‑‑‑mun dislį̀į̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑too dislį̀į̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑midislį̀į̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dìslį̀į̀’ wuts’eh ts’elę dìslįį. ‑‑‑‑Dìslį̀į̀’ dzè’ too tsughii ’utsugh.

> mun tsìda dìilį̀į̀’ “creek flowing into a lake” see under tsè’

lįį²

kù#d-lįį v. ‑‑‑‑kùdiilįį ʘ^ma

lìì adv.

only, just: ‑‑‑‑Gwa lìì nuts’atę̀’. ‑‑‑‑Baba lìì sughǫh lhunadalh. ‑‑‑‑Didii lìì sooht’e. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑“Ya ghǫha ’udoo k’ingeha? Kwùdii lìì ’uniindloosa,” sèhnii. For further examples of only, just see ì¹ (under P‑ì#); tl’un (under O‑tl’un); ya² (under yu#ìì‑²).

by mistake: ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune sinii lìì dusideh’ą.

lììbap n. ʘ^ma [from Fr le pape]

lhį̀į̀dǫ̀ adv. (pr lhį̀į̀ʹdǫ̀) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lhį̀į̀dǫ̀ sedniin’ą. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla sa lhį̀į̀dǫ̀ kwudidùs’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla lhį̀į̀dǫ̀ sa tse ’įįh dzè’ du’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Lhį̀į̀dǫ̀ajàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwa sa lhį̀į̀dǫ̀ajàh. For further example(s) of lhį̀į̀dǫ̀ see t’ę̀’ (under u#d-d‑t’ę̀’).

lììdza, lùdza

lììdza adj. ‑‑‑‑muk’wus lììdza ʘ^ma

d-lùdza, lììdza v. ‑‑‑‑Dichin k’eh diinlììdza. ‑‑‑‑Kudalùdza. ‑‑‑‑Dalììdza, dalùdza. ‑‑‑‑Kats’idalùdza.

lhiih, lh reciprocal

lh‑ ~ lhiih‑ ~ ’iih‑ npf. lh‑ before a vowel, lhiih‑ or ’iih‑ before a consonant.

lh‑: ‑‑‑‑lhemàwii

lhiih‑, ’iih‑: ‑‑‑‑Lhiihpanè’ ts’oolè’ii. For further examples of lhiih‑, ’iih‑ see dèh (under P‑ts’ì#w-d‑D-dèh); t’ù¹ (under P‑t’ù#’-ìì‑h‑).

lh‑ ~ lhiih‑, lhi‑, ’iih‑ ppf. lh‑ before a vowel; lhiih‑, lhi‑ or ’iih‑ before a consonant.

lh‑¹: ‑‑‑‑Lhets’idììh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of lh‑¹ see lhats’eh.

lhiih‑, lhi‑, ’iih‑: ‑‑‑‑Lhiihgàh ghuskę. ‑‑‑‑’Iihk’ights’idlii? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhiihk’ights’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhiih’èh k’ìghudùlh, ’iih’èh k’ìghudùlh. ‑‑‑‑Tahcheh lhinaghts’idoodèlii.

lhi‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑Lhits’idììts’ugh. For further example(s) of lhi‑ see ch’ìt (under recp).

> lhi-tù#(w‑)d-n‑D-dèh “mix up words, mix words from different languages, code-switch” see under da⁴

> ’iihts’è’ tadut’e “six” see under t’e²

lįįh

dur

lįįh

lįįh

lįįlh

lįįh

’u#n-H‑lįįh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Sutlasè’ Louie ’ìdighde dukǫh k’udàzǫh ’unilįįh, lhunadalh wuts’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udniinlįįlhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Unooslįįhìì wukaynuszun.

pf (1s ’unaslįįh, 2s ’uniin‑, 3s ’una‑, 1p ’uts’ina‑, 2p ’unah‑, 3p ’ughna‑) ‑‑‑‑Sinii ’unaslįįh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uniinlįįhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’unaslįįh. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’unalįįh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’inalįįh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Unahlįįhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’ughnalįįh. ʘ^ma

dune ’unilįįhii n.

du#n-lįįh v. ‑‑‑‑Dunilįįh.

lììząs n. ʘ^ma [from Fr les anges]

lììyap lììząsè’ n.

khutà’ lììząsè’ n.

lììyap n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ts’ìì’ònè dzaydiit’ę. Lììyap dowa ka’ììhlhahii ghǫh ’ut’e. ʘ^ma [from CanFr le yiable]

> lììyap kwùnè’ “hell” see under kwùn

> lììyap lììząsè’ “demon” see under lììząs

lhǫ̀, lhǫ̀’ adv.

lhǫ̀: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀ ladisįį. ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀adisįį. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀adinii?

lhǫ̀’: ʘ^mc

> lhǫ̀ gwa “correctly, right, truthfully” see under gwa

> lhǫ̀‑u#d-nii “be right, correct, tell the truth” see under nii¹

> lhǫ̀ la#d-nii “be right, correct, tell the truth” see under nii¹

> lhǫ̀ gwa#d-nìì “tell the truth, be correct, right” see under nii¹

> sa#d-nìì “might be saying” see under nii¹

> lhǫ̀ wiihtè’ “exactly right” see under wiihtè’

lǫ̀ adv. if preceding verb ends in low tone, that tone is deleted. attested with perfective, imperfective (progressive) or optative verb; with perfective verb, a pluperfect meaning may be more salient than the evidential one. For example(s) for lǫ̀ see ya³ (under nu#D-ya/’ats).

imperfective verb: ‑‑‑‑’Ehdòò la yitseh k’èdah lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khą̀hdzìì’ yįįhdze kat’e lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze dune k’òòwit’įįh lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nįįlǫ̀ ’wèdè’ Andreas ’èh ts’ììyìnundah lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Yik’ìts’idlii ghiile’ lǫ̀ sèhnii. ‑‑‑‑Ma sǫ sukǫh nawdnalelh lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze k’indah lǫ̀? ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nuch’ìdè’ dudoos lǫ̀.

perfective verb: ‑‑‑‑Sudastǫh lǫ̀ ts’ììyìnatl’a. ‑‑‑‑Nayghdììchoot lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune ghiile’ lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gat nii’ą’ lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Ghutsegh lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Astset lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Astsèt ghiile’ lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Naghna’įį’ lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kwùn wìlę. Kwùn nunùstsus lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Mudone wùsgwun lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Diizìì’ wuk’e’ììguts lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khutseh la joohdè’ tùghuskę lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ’udoo naghutsuts lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’òòdane ’ughatset lǫ̀? Khǫhdìì ’ughatset lǫ̀? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii sukǫh gat yììh kawdalut lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Yahtsè’è la kùnughatl’a lǫ̀. Yahtsè’è kùnughaghuz lǫ̀. Sinii joo yìtsè’è wook’èh kindastl’elhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oosdzeghe dachowànujah lǫ̀.

opt: ‑‑‑‑’Eht’ǫ dèst’e dèsǫ, kuda zooskhe lǫ̀. ʘ^ma

dèzǫh lǫ̀ wh. ‑‑‑‑Dèzǫh kawììht’e lǫ̀? ‑‑‑‑Niizìì’ dèzǫh ’òòye lǫ̀ sìdinii.

lǫ̀’ adv. very commonly occurs with ’ooh. ‑‑‑‑Ninii lǫ̀’? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii lǫ̀’? ‑‑‑‑Ya joo lǫ̀’? For further example(s) of lǫ̀’ see ’ooh.

lhòda

h-lhòda v. ‑‑‑‑Sa dę̀’ ts’è’ sinhlhòda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùno’ Edna gwa sehlhòda. ʘ^ma

lǫh

‑lǫh n. ‑‑‑‑mun lǫh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑bes lǫh ‑‑‑‑’utune lǫh ‑‑‑‑Bes dichin lǫh ’i’ììhtl’ǫǫ. ‑‑‑‑Muchę̀’ lǫhii dinùstl’ùts.

’ulà’ lǫh n. ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ lǫh lhintl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’ulà’ lǫh see t’ii (under O‑h-t’ii).

‑iilà’ lǫh, ‑là’ lǫh n. (w) ‑‑‑‑siilà’ lǫh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑sulà’ lǫh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siilà’ lǫh wuk’edalut. ʘ^ma

tl’owe lǫhii n.

Tselone prsn. (Jenness Tseloni) [< tse “mountain” + lǫh “end” + ‑ne people]

lòl

‑lòlè’ n.

lhon

d-lon v. ‑‑‑‑Dulon. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudzèè’ dulon. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin dulonii sùntį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma [from TsK’]

lhonè’ adv. (pr lhoʹnè’) ʘ^ma variant of lhònè’. ‑‑‑‑Lhonè’ k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lho-ònandeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lhonè’ sutę. ‑‑‑‑Kawiiht’e da lhonè’ wits’usdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhonè’ nùditl’iit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhonè’ mits’oodindèh. ’Udoo ’udììts’ugh. Midzììì’ winidòòwè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nidzììì’ winidòòwè ghǫhǫ ts’ìì’ònè lhonè’ widindèhìì? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooh lhonè’ k’intl’eh. ʘ^ma For further examples of lhonè’ see te² (under nù#d-n‑tę); t’àh² (under P‑t’àh).

widulonè’ adv. ‑‑‑‑Widulonè’ ke’inhtl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma

lhònè’ adv. (pr lhòʹnè’) ʘ^ma variant of lhonè’. ‑‑‑‑sooh lhònè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhònè’ k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhònanleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooh lhònè’ nuk’èhdzè’ moodat’ę. ‑‑‑‑Sooh lhònè’ mesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tl’oolh ’udoo lhònè’ lhintl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdàdze lhònè’ dìsts’ii. ‑‑‑‑Sooh lhònè’ nùts’ii. ʘ^ma [cf. lhǫ̀ “correct”]

lòt

‑lòt n. ‑‑‑‑tsà’ lòt ‑‑‑‑sąs lòt For further example(s) of ‑lòt see lii⁴.

‑tl’à’ lòt n. ‑‑‑‑kuda tl’à’ lòt

> ‑tl’à’ lòt gwùt “lard made from back fat” see under gwùt²

lhoo, loo

lhoo tun n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Utune k’eh lhoo tun zǫh wìlę. ’Òòtlut. For further example(s) of lhoo tun see t’e¹ (under la#t’e). [PA *ɬu: “ice, icicle, glacier” (K05)]

’uk’eloo n. (psd ‑ek’elòò’) ‑‑‑‑Gwudze mek’elòò’ k’eh tùts’adulh.

lhoodèesà, lhoodèesà’ n. [cf. dawdesà’, dawdesà, dawdèesà “when”]

lhoodèesà: (pr lhooʹdèesà) ʘ^ma

lhoodèesà’: ‑‑‑‑Lhoodèesà’ da nuk’ànustą.

lòòh

sem	lòòh	lòòh	lòòlh	lòòh
mom	lòòh	lòò’	lòò’	lòòh

O‑lòòh v. [PA *‑lʊ’k^y’ “snare” (L87)]

sem ‑‑‑‑Gah ’ìnlòòh. ‑‑‑‑Gah sislòòh. ‑‑‑‑Sukè’ sislòòh. ‑‑‑‑Gah ’òòlòòhìì wukayniizų ghǫh yudowa dasitl’ǫǫ.

pass ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda ’ììdlòòh. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Sutehmìlhè’ ’èh lhoowe lhutadèeslòò’. ‑‑‑‑Mayts’iilòò’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Subùt ’uchinaghnidlòòh. ʘ^ma

lǫ̀ǫ̀hch

d-lǫ̀ǫ̀hch v. ‑‑‑‑Dilǫ̀ǫ̀hch. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dulǫ̀ǫ̀hch. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Sujǫ ’èh dilǫ̀ǫ̀hjajàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Widilǫ̀ǫ̀hch. ‑‑‑‑“’Ide wudulǫ̀ǫ̀hch,” sèhnii. ʘ^ei

loos

mom	loos	looz	loos	loos
per	dloos	dloos	dloos	dloos
prog	loos

O‑loos v. (mot) [PA *‑lu:z “pull (esp. by ropelike object)” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑’Ìdahdze Sharon ’aloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sharon ’ìdighè na’adloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’èhts’ìk nadloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dighits’ììhts’ìge’ nughadloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didinii joo dits’ììhts’ìgè’ nadloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oosdlooza nasdloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàyaloos. ‑‑‑‑Yà’aloos.

refl ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’ide la khuts’è’ nadadloos.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ets’oodloosii. ʘ^ma

impf with ’‑ as O. (1s k’e’isdloos, 2s k’e’in‑, 3s k’e’i‑, 1p k’ets’i‑, 2p k’e’ah‑, 3p k’eghi‑) ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììhts’ìk ’èh k’e’idloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’e’indloosǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’e’idloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’e’isdloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùtah ke’isdloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ets’idloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’e’ahdloosǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“K’eghidloos.” “Ma kwuna?” ʘ^ma

impf with no overt prefixal object. (1s k’èsdloos, 2s k’in‑, 3s k’è‑, 1p k’ìts’i‑, 2p k’àh‑, 3p k’ìghi‑) ‑‑‑‑Ts’èhts’ìk k’èsdloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma k’indloosa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ k’indloos? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìsindloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duts’ùdè’ k’èdloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììhts’ìk k’èdloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usanii duboatè’ (delà’) k’èdloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’èhts’ìk k’ìts’idloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’èhts’ìk k’àhdloosǫ? ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yà’ììloos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàyìslooz. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’ulà’ k’èdloos. ’Uyii Fort Nelson sà’è dǫ̀h ’ulà’ tùsilooz. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla nudnusteh da nusidììdloos. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè ’uts’idìslooz. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom see lìì (under only).

cust ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ ’ìnònè naydidloos.

’oosdlooza n. (pr ’oosdlooʹza) ʘ^ma (psd ‑’oosdlòòza) ‑‑‑‑si’oosdlòòza ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’oosdlooza zǫza ‑‑‑‑’Oosdlooza ’èh kǫh ts’è’ ’utsùn ts’idiiloos. ‑‑‑‑’Oosdlooza t’àh ’utsùn nasdloos. ʘ^ma [< oo “?” + s pf + D passive + loos “drag” + ‑a diminutive]

‑dawts’ilòòzè’ n. [< “eye drag”?]

lhoot n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑loodè’) ‑‑‑‑siloodè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑suloodè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑miloodè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miloodè’ nùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį miloodè’ wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlįį yudàà’ nùghìì’àdlii ’èh mudàà’ lhoot ’ujàh. ʘ^ma [PA *ɬu:t’ “scab” (KL)]

lhoowe n. (pr lhooʹwe) ʘ^ma (dim lhoowa) ʘ^ma (psddim lhoowàa) ‑‑‑‑Linda kwune lhoowe ka ghidadùlhe. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’èha lhoowe lhutudìinlòò’a? For further example(s) of lhoowe see mah (under ‑mah). [PA *ɬu:q’-e: “fish, salmon” (L05)]

Lhoowe Ts’elę̀’ pn.

Lhoowe Chow Munè’ pn. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe Chow Miighè’ ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

Lhoowe Chow Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^lt

> lhoowe duk’ądza “lake whitefish, mountain whitefish” see under k’ądza

> lhoowe k’àsè’ “fish gills” see under k’às²

> lhoowe duk’ulii “lake whitefish, mountain whitefish” see under k’ul

> Nòòwa Loowàa “Wolverine R., Warneford R.” see under nòòwa

> lhoowe ’uk’inììht’adzii “split fish, filleted fish, prepared for drying” see under t’ats¹

lhu

(P‑ghǫh) lhu# vpf. (prog) occurs with mot and clf-mot verbs.

mot For example(s) for mot see kwuno (under imperfective verb).

prog (1s lhas‑, 2s lhiin‑, 3s lha‑, 1p lhuts’a‑, 2p lhah‑, 3p lhugha‑) ‑‑‑‑Lhasyalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhiinyalhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muwǫh lhiintl’elhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhayalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sughǫh lhayalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yuwǫh lhatl’elh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhuts’a’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mǫh lhuts’atl’elh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhah’àsǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mughǫh lhahtl’elh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhugha’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mǫh lhughatl’elh. ʘ^ma

prog with nu# iterative. (1s lhunas‑, 2s lhuniin‑, 3s lhuna‑, 1p lhunts’a‑, 2p lhunah‑, 3p lhunugha‑) ‑‑‑‑Dosà lhuniindalha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mughǫh lhunastl’elh. ‑‑‑‑Nu’èh ka’òòslhahii dowa lhunasdalh. ‑‑‑‑Sugàh lhunaghdudùlh. Sugàh ghidèhts’ii.

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Gwudze lhunukhighalelh. ‑‑‑‑Andreas ghǫh kǫh wudahii lhughalelh. ʘ^ma

(P‑ghǫh) lhu#d‑ vpf. (mom) no pf?

mot ‑‑‑‑’Udoo jǫ lhudeyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo jode ’wèdè’ lhundindah. Kwùla khutah wudunè’ ’inlę la. ʘ^ma

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑’Uyii mèh k’indahii ’èh gwudzè’ lhusidinhtèh. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn lhudahlèh. ʘ^ma

lù

> P‑lù#H-tl’e “run into, against P (sharp object), die” see under tl’a

> P‑lù#ts’ut “fall on, against P” see under ts’ut

lùbègin n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lùbègin malhidììh. Sinii ’udoo mukaynuszun. ʘ^ma

lùbosgè’, lùbosh n. (psd ‑lùbosgè’, ‑lùboshè’) ‑‑‑‑Mudànà’ mulùbosgè’ kwinlèh. ‑‑‑‑Nubestsudla nulùbos dzè’ kàats’ut. Nubesè’ ’uwute’e nulùbosè’ t’àh sinh’ǫ ’ii sǫ ’udoo kawts’iidìì. [from Fr la poche]

lùbot n. (psd ‑lùbodè’) ‑‑‑‑Sulùbodè’ sàn’ą̀h. [from Fr le pot?]

lùbùdak n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lùbùdak ’ide su’ǫ. [from Fr la pétaque]

lùbùdul n. [from Fr le ‑ Eng butter]

dlwązii lùbùdulè’ n.

lųdza

d-n‑ìì‑D-lųdza v. ‑‑‑‑Dinììdlųdza. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ k’eh widnììdlųdza. [cf. lhuts “urine”]

lùgàfii n. ‑‑‑‑Lùgàfii ts’isdune. Muk’èhdzè’ dune too ’udǫ. ʘ^ma [from Fr le café]

lùgliiz n. ʘ^ma

lų̀ja

d-lų̀ja v. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè tse k’eh dalų̀ja. ‑‑‑‑Wuk’edalų̀ja.

lùkawt adv. ʘ^ma prohibitive, like ‑nò. ‑‑‑‑Lùkawt tsitawntl’à’ììnò. ʘ^ma [from Eng look out]

lugh¹

dzu#lugh v. ‑‑‑‑Edna la ’udoo dzulugh. Khudii k’èdah. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dzuts’ulugh.

lugh²

d-lugh v. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùbe k’eh widulugh. ‑‑‑‑’uyaghè’ dulughii

lų̀gha

ni#d-n‑lų̀gha v. ‑‑‑‑Nidnalų̀gha.

lhul

du#h-lhul, d-h‑lhul v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Too dehlhulàjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too dusehlhulàjàh. ʘ^ma

lùla adj. ‑‑‑‑dune lùla

d-lùla v. ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ kudalùla.

lhun

kelhu#gh-n‑lun v. ‑‑‑‑Su’ahè’ kelhaghnèeslun.

’ukelhun n.

lùplet, lùpret n. ‑‑‑‑Lùpret tulasgus suk’eh nìnii’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Lùpret kunyah. [from Fr le prêtre]

lhusdè’, lhusdè adv.

lhusdè’: ʘ^ma

lhusdè: ‑‑‑‑Lhusdè sugònè’ didììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhusdè sutl’à’ k’oodidììh. ʘ^ma

lùsel, lìsel n. [from Fr le sel]

lìsel: ʘ^ma

lùsel¹: For examples for lùsel¹ see ’įį³ (under P‑tu#O‑h‑’įį); iichǫ̀ǫ̀lh (under ’iichǫ̀ǫ̀lh).

lùzùmazh n. [from Fr les images “images, pictures”]

lhut smoke, melt

mom	liit	lut	lulh	liit
per	lich/dlich	lich/dlich	lich/dlich	lich/dlich
prog	lulh

lhut n. ʘ^ma For example(s) for lhut see ya⁵ (under d-ya). [PA *ɬəd “smoke” (L87)]

’utsùn lhut (’ujàhii) n.

’utsùn lhut: ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn lhut ’ulę. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn lhut ’unlèh.

’utsùn lhut ’ujàhii: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn lhut ’ujàhii looht’e. ʘ^ma

chuludè’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Chuludè’ ’ìnònè nùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑Chuludè’ tah k’èdah. ‑‑‑‑White nosdè’ la chuludè’ zǫh wìlę.

wuludè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Wuludè’ k’eh k’èdah.

d-lut v. (mot

prog ‑‑‑‑’Ònè widalulh. ‑‑‑‑Gwudze joo wudalulh.

per ‑‑‑‑K’oodilich. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è wididùslut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tawdùslut. ‑‑‑‑Yìdahdzè’ nawdalut. ‑‑‑‑Kawdalut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì kawdidùslut.

Kawdiiludade pn. ʘ^ma

tsuts maghdùsludii n.

caus ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ kudidinhlhiit. ‑‑‑‑Mukè’ tudniihlhut.

P‑k’e#d-H‑lut v. [PA *‑ləd “smoke, burn” (L87)]

mom ‑‑‑‑Wuk’edalut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wik’ediliit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn k’edalut. ‑‑‑‑K’ula suk’edalut. ‑‑‑‑Sukǫh wuk’edalut. ‑‑‑‑’Udik’edalut. ‑‑‑‑wuk’edalutde

Kǫh Wuk’edalutde pn.

dist For example(s) for dist see sį̀į̀ (under ‑sį̀į̀¹).

caus ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì yuk’ediihlhut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsiidii siilà’ k’ediihlhut. ‑‑‑‑Wik’ediihlhut. ‑‑‑‑’A’, ’uyii lìdii sukwùn. Mitsiinlii. Nuk’edoohlhiidììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma

too#d-H‑lut v. ‑‑‑‑Kutoodalut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsìda kunutoodalut. ʘ^ma

oo-d‑lut v. (ìì,s mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’oodììliit. ‑‑‑‑’Oodùslut. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè tse ’oodidùslut. ‑‑‑‑Kùnawdùslut. ‑‑‑‑’Inawdùsdlut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wutawdùslut. ʘ^ma [PA *(ɣ.)‑u:‑ləd “melt” (L87)]

dist ‑‑‑‑Gat yiih kùnàwdùslut.

d-n‑ìì‑ludidii v. ‑‑‑‑Widnììludidii.

> lhut k’èh “stovepipe hole, smoke hole” see under k’èh

lhuts

conc

luts

luts

luts

luts

lhuts n. (psd ‑ludzè’) ‑‑‑‑Duludzè’ ’èh diizìì’ wuk’e’iiguts. [PA *ɬədz^r “urine” (K05)]

ku#luts v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Kusuluts. ‑‑‑‑Kudasludze.

dune kulutsde n.

tu#luts v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Tusuluts.

w-k’à#w-n‑luts v. (ìì,s) ‑‑‑‑Wuk’àwnùsluts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“’Umawii wuk’awnèesluts,” sèhnii. ‑‑‑‑Wuk’awdnìinludze. ʘ^ma

M

m¹ 3sg

m‑ ~ mu‑, mi‑ npf. used with non-third person singular subject; m‑ before vowels, mu‑ or mi‑ before consonants. [PA *wə‑ 3s (KL)]

m‑: ‑‑‑‑Miidìì’ nidòòwa ’èhnii. For further example(s) of m‑ see choot (under O‑ìì‑h-choot).

mu‑, mi‑: ‑‑‑‑Muts’ahdè’ taghdùs’ǫ.

m‑ ~ mu‑, mi‑ ppf. used with non-third person singular subject; m‑ before vowels, mu‑ or mi‑ before consonants. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’udoo mets’idììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mesdììh. ‑‑‑‑Corinne nulą̀ązii mànhtèh.

m²

m adv. syllabic nasal; lips do not open.

ma¹

ma wh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma ’ooht’a? ‑‑‑‑Ma ’òònà’ nìin’įįa? ‑‑‑‑Ma wukayniizun soonè’ ’eht’ès. ‑‑‑‑Ma dowa tsà’ chę̀’ seh’ǫa? [PA *(də)wə‑(d) “who?” (KL)] [cf. m‑ 3sPsr]

’udoo màda pro. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màda wìlę. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màda Mary k’ànehtą.

ma²

‑ma n. (voc mama, dim ‑mazii) ‑‑‑‑numa ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑lhoowe ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mama ’èst’e. [PA *‑(h)a:n “mother” (K05)]

’Uma dzenèes n.

‑ma kwune n. ‑‑‑‑muma kwune ʘ^ma

kuda ma, khuda ma n. (dim kuda mazii) ‑‑‑‑Kuda mazii nèht’e.

lhiihma kwune n. ‑‑‑‑Lhiihma kwune nughat’às.

’umawii n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑emàwii) ‑‑‑‑memàwii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ’uslę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii chow ’ulę. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dupanè’ ts’è’ ’uwudutsùn.

’Umawii Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Denii ts’è’a ’Àtse “’Umawii Munè’” yèhnii? ʘ^ma

> madu’òdzii “soap” see under ’òts

madlena n. (pr madleʹna) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (Spizella arborea or Spizella passerina) ‑‑‑‑Dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza madlena ’òòye. ʘ^ma

mah

‑mah n. optionally lowers final tone of preceding word. ‑‑‑‑wumah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mun` mah ʘ<sup>ma</sup> ‑‑‑‑Tun` mah k’èsdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Iibèh mun` mah lhoowa nùstlǫ. ʘ<sup>ma</sup> ‑‑‑‑Mun` mah nùts’oodèlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wumah gòòle nùstlǫ. [PA *wa:n’-e: “edge” (KL)]

kwùn mah n. ‑‑‑‑kwùn mah ’utune

yaàmah n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Yaàmah tl’ǫǫsuja.

taàmah n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Taàmah k’èsdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìtsè’è taàmah dzè’ dèhya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnòòwìì taàmah la ’utune wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yahdighde 5‑mile slough deyǫ̀’ taàmah ’ut’ǫ̀’ ’utsuts. Mugàh tùts’uskę.

k’èmah, ’uk’èmah n. [< k’èh mah “edge of tracks”]

k’èmah: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’èmah k’ìwinlèh. ‑‑‑‑K’èmah la sawute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yì’ǫ̀wìì k’èmah k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yì’ǫ̀wìì k’èmah ’usanii k’indah da nawute’e.

’uk’èmah: ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uk’èmah wìlę.

‑mahii n. ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ mumahii wìlę.

ke mahii n. ʘ^ma

ke mahii dachow n. ʘ^ma

tehmìlh mahii, tamìlh mahii n.

‑dawdumahii n. ‑‑‑‑’oosà’ dawdumahii

màhdòòla

Màhdòòla Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^lt

màhdoos n. (pr màhdoosʹ) ʘ^ma [cf. mìsdoos “cow”]

màmooh n. (pr màmooʹh) ʘ^ma also màmooh chow.

màn n. ‑‑‑‑Màn mudawnintsèl.

tun mànè’ n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tun mànè’ all dùstòn. ʘ^ma

màsgèt

tii màsgèt n. ʘ^ma (Ledum groenlandicum)

màsiloo n. ʘ^ma (Viburnum ’edule) ‑‑‑‑Diih biide joo màsiloo jìjè’ ’utsuts. [cf. ’iiloo, iiloo “unripe berry”]

mazii

ke tl’ah mazii n. ʘ^ma (Bucephala albeola)

megudii, meghudii n. [from TsK’]

megudii: ʘ^ma

meghudii: ʘ^ma (psd ‑emegudè’)

mèsdzįįh n. (pr mèsdzįįʹh) ʘ^mc variant of mìsdzįįh. (Bubo virginianus) [compare ITli wesdzí (C), mesdzí (C) “great horned owl”]

> Mets’inidįįh “Metsantan L.” see under dǫ

mìlh n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑mìlhè’) ‑‑‑‑Simìlhè’ sànlèh. ‑‑‑‑Mary sugah mìlhè’ ’inusiihdìì’. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii dimìlhè’ ts’è’ ’uyii widzįįh ’e’ììhyha. [PA *wį’:ɬ “snare, net” (KL)]

tehmìlh n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑tehmìlhè’) ‑‑‑‑Tehmìlh dusistl’ǫǫ. ‑‑‑‑Tehmìlh ghǫh ’udiidòòwè. ʘ^ma

tamìlh n. (psd ‑tamìlhè’) ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ tamìlhè’ la.

> tamìlh mu’èh dalulhii “fishnet float” see under lat

> tehmìlh mahii “string around fishnet” see under mah

> tehmìlh datl’ǫǫii “set fishnet” see under tl’ǫǫ

mìsdoos, mùsdoos n. (pr mìsdooʹs, mùsdooʹs) [from CJ moos-moos “buffalo; horned cattle”]

mìsdoos: (pr mìsdooʹs) ‑‑‑‑mìsdoos yąą̀dza ‑‑‑‑Mìsdoos k’èhdzè’ ’utsuts.

mùsdoos: (pr mùsdooʹs) ʘ^ma

> mìsdoos t’òjè’ “milk” see under t’òch

mìsdzįįh n. (pr mìsdzįįʹh) ʘ^ma variant of mèsdzįįh. (Bubo virginianus) ‑‑‑‑Mìsdzįįh dehjosa. ‑‑‑‑Mìsdzįįh dukhighatlah. ʘ^ma [compare ITli wesdzí (C), mesdzí (C) “great horned owl”]

Mizeloo pn. also known as Guitar ts’elę̀’. ʘ^ma

> moogedii “fork” see under gèt

mun full

conc

mun

mun

mun

mun

mun n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (dim muna) ʘ^ma [PA *wən “lake” (KL)]

Muna pn. ʘ^ma

Muna pn.

Mun Chow pn. ʘ^ma

Mun Chow pn. ʘ^ma

Betty Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

Wumunii Gàh pn. ʘ^ma

‑mun v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Diih bùt tùdùsmun. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tùdumun. [PA *də-wən “fill with water” (KL)]

Too Dudèhmuna pn. ʘ^ma

> musàhtsiiyè’ “one-year-old moose” see under tsiiya

muse

‑muse n. (voc ’umuse) ʘ^ma (dim umusa) ‑‑‑‑mumuse ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑woomuse ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’umuse kwune ‑‑‑‑’Umuse Perry la looht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’ushidle kwune la nukhumuse laghiiht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii la numuse looht’e. ʘ^ma

musii adv. (pr muʹsii) ʘ^ma (pr musiiʹ) ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑musii chow [compare CJ mah-sie (Hibben) and Fr merci]

Musii dzenèes n.

N

n 2sg

n‑ ~ ni‑, nu‑ vpf. direct object; n‑ before a vowel or d; ni‑, nu‑ before other consonants.

n‑: ‑‑‑‑Dundeh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzindiniiyòòdǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nììhchòòdǫ?

ni‑, nu‑: ‑‑‑‑Ya ka dunighdeh’ą? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nidììts’ugh. ‑‑‑‑Nidèh’ą̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nighdèh’à’ǫ? ʘ^ma

n‑, nu‑, ni‑ npf. n‑ before a vowel; nu‑, ni‑ before a consonant. ‑‑‑‑nuts’ahdè’ ‑‑‑‑niidìì’ [PA *ŋə‑ 2s possessor (KL)]

n‑, ni‑ ppf. n‑ before a vowel, ni‑ before a consonant.

n‑: ‑‑‑‑Nedììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nìnejidǫ?

ni‑: ‑‑‑‑Nik’ìts’idlii. ʘ^ma

ninii, nin‑, nįį‑ pro. [PA *ŋən “you” (KL)]

ninii: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii dudinh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo koodin’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ninii looht’e. ʘ^ma

nin‑: ‑‑‑‑Ninla lhèhgą̀h nudindah ’elhèh. For further example(s) of nin‑ see kùlh (under n-kùlh).

nįį‑: For example(s) for nįį‑ see lǫ̀ (under imperfective verb).

na

> P‑na#d-le “cover P” see under la²

nà’ exp. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc also na’; the pitch tends to be higher when stressed more strongly. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nà’, didii nudànà’. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑“Nà’” sèhnii.

nadene n. (pr nadeʹne) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nadene nòòhchoodììsį̀į̀. For further example(s) of nadene see da¹ (under nominal argument).

nadze

’įįhnadze n. (psd ‑įįhnadze) ‑‑‑‑’Įįhnadze nùghuzut. ‑‑‑‑Sįįhnadze k’ìghudùlh. [cf. ’iih‑ reciprocal]

’įįhnadze n. ‑‑‑‑’Įįhnadze muk’à’ wìlę.

Nah’anii prsn. (pr Nah’aʹnii) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nah’anii kwune dune ’ute’e ghiilę. Jode nùnughudùlh, lhatahda. ‑‑‑‑Khwudighe Nah’anii ’emàwii gàh nìniiya.

nahdzè’

‑nahdzè’ n. ‑‑‑‑munahdzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑wunahdzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wunahdzè’ k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii tse nahdzè’ tl’owe nùstlǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse nahdzè’ ’usba nùzut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìnòòwìì wunahdzè’ k’ìts’oot’àsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìnosdè’ wunahdzè’ kètl’undìntsuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yhìs nahdzè’ la kooht’e wìlę ’elhèh. For further example(s) of ‑nahdzè’ see ts’ukh¹ (under ts’ukh). [cf. wunehdzè’ “hillside”]

kèhnahdzè’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kèhnahdzè’ k’èsdah. ‑‑‑‑Kèhnahdzè’ su’ǫ. For further example(s) of kèhnahdzè’ see t’e¹ (under kooht’e).

> ‑nahk’a “kidney fat, suet” see under k’a

> ‑nàhkhwushè’ “short rib, back rib” see under ghwush

nàhtunii, nàhtune n.

nàhtunii: (pr nàhtuʹnii) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàhtunii dìnts’ugh. ʘ^ma

nàhtune: (pr nàhtuʹne) ʘ^ei

> nàhtunii dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza “bluebird” see under dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza

> nàhtunii kwùnè’ “lightning” see under kwùn

> nàhtunii t’ǫ̀’ “unidentified plant” see under t’ǫ̀’

> nàhtunii tl’oolhè’ “rainbow” see under tl’oolh

nàzę

‑nàzę n. (senaze “my son-in-law” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑Didii la sunàzę looht’e.

Nats’oodalh prsn. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ʘ^em Tsek’ene folk hero.

> nawnèhtsòòs “dip” see under tsoos

nàà, nàà’

‑nàà, ‑nàà’ n.

‑nàà: ‑‑‑‑Sunàà su’ǫ. ʘ^ma

‑nàà’: ‑‑‑‑munàà’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nunàà’ nin’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Sunàà’ ghiinyalh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane nunàà’ sinhda. ‑‑‑‑Munàà’ nùszut. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Box nàà’ nin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Munàà’ nììnin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mi’òònà’ munàà’ nintį̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wunàà’ gòòle nùstlǫ.

ne

‑ne nsf. human pl. suffix; attaches productively to verbs, forming nouns; forms human plural of some other categories of words. ‑‑‑‑Dune ’ujidùsdetlne ’èh k’èdah. For further examples of ‑ne see dzùt (under dune nùdzùdii); ghuz (under per); tse² (under ‑tse).

> ’ùkwune “those people” see under ’ùkoo

> dòòne “these people” see under dòò¹

> Tsek’ene “Sekani” see under k’eh

> Tselone “a Sekani band” see under lǫh

> dune nidììhtęhne “police” see under ni¹

> dune nidììlehne “police” see under ni¹

> Tot’ene “Tlingit people” see under tot’ene

nè’

‑nè’ n. (dim ‑nàazii) ‑‑‑‑munè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nunè’ nun’òts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Munàazii ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑Uncle Louie dune nè’ dut’elàlàh. [PA *‑(nə‑)ne:’n’ “face” (KL)]

‑nè’ ts’unè’ n.

> ‑nè’ zùs “face mask, balaclava” see under zùs¹

neh

saneh n. ‑‑‑‑Didii saneh dèkawììht’a? ‑‑‑‑Didii saneh too datune. For further example(s) of saneh see t’è’² (under k’ìnèt’e).

nehdzè’

wunehdzè’ n. ʘ^ma variant of wunahdzè’.

kǫh wunehdzè’ n.

> nejit “fear” see under jit¹

nèsdzooh, nèsdzǫǫh n. (Ptilium or Drepanocladus)

nèsdzooh: (pr nèsdzooʹh) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nèsdzooh kùnàh’ą. ʘ^ma

nèsdzǫǫh: (pr nèsdzǫǫʹh) ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Ide nèsdzǫǫh kùnàh’ą. ʘ^ei

Nèsdzooh Ts’elę̀’ pn.

nèeh

P‑nèeh p. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ sunèeh sinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma kwune nèeha sindaa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas kwune nèeh susda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Looking glass nèeh sinda. ‑‑‑‑Lhiihnèeh ts’uskę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mun` mah sunèeh doonyà’. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnosdè’ sunèeh doonyà’ìì t’è’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhiihnèeh ts’idùs’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didii sąs sunèeh wiihtè’. Khunèeh kùdèhgèt.

’iihts’ii nèeh adv. ‑‑‑‑’Iihts’ii nèeh ghuyalh. ‑‑‑‑’Iihts’ii nèeh nadalh.

too nèeh adv. ‑‑‑‑Too nèeh ghukelh.

ni¹

ni# vpf. (s mom) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ ninkèhǫ? ‑‑‑‑Nits’uskę. ‑‑‑‑Deèdza nits’uskęa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Iihts’ii nèeh ninunèhtlah. ‑‑‑‑Khutseh ’ulà’ yiihdà’è nisu’etl. ʘ^em For further example(s) of ni# see tl’un (under O‑tl’un).

ni#d-ìì‑ vpf. (mom) optionally, ni-nu ‑‑> nu or na; occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Nidììya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nits’idììgę. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune sech’à’ nidììya. ‑‑‑‑Ninudììja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nindììja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nadììja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nats’idììtl’a. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Naghdìì’ats. ‑‑‑‑Nits’idìì’ats. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ni#d-ìì‑ see ts’os (under mom).

ni#d-ìì‑¹ vpf. (mom) occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Niidìì’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn nidìì’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nits’idììla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùstlǫ nighdììla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Di’òònà’ nudììtǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nulhighdììtę. ‑‑‑‑Nuts’ahdè’ nàats’ut. Nudiin’ą̀h. For further example(s) of ni#d-ìì‑¹ see tsìtl (under neu).

dune nidììlehde n.

dune nidììhtęhne n. ʘ^em

dune nidììlehne n. ʘ^em

refl ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè nedidòòsyèh dzè’ dasyalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Buda nididàas’ąlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn nididììt’ǫ. ʘ^ma

dune nididììyehde n.

ni’i#d-ìì‑ vpf. (mom mot) ‑‑‑‑Ni’idììtl’a. ʘ^em

P‑ts’è’ ni#d-ìì‑ vpf. (mom) occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Si’òònà’ muts’è’ nidàstįįlhe.

P‑ts’è’ ni# vpf. ‑‑‑‑Dune muts’è’ niidùlh. ʘ^em

> ni#n-ìì‑detl “pl. fly away” see under detl²

> ni#n-ìì‑tlah “fly away” see under tlat

nì

nì# vpf. (n mom) occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Dloona dowa yhèlh nin’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Ònè nìts’iniila. ‑‑‑‑Yhèlh nìniis’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nììnii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka jo dudahii nìniilà? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudahda nòòniisla. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dughudahda noòniila. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nòòwoòniila. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh sugàh nòònii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dughukǫh sugàh noòniila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yhèlh nìdas’ąlhe. ‑‑‑‑’Ul nìdoosyèhii. ʘ^ma For further examples of nì# see te² (under mom); tl’ah² (under ‑ke tl’ah).

pf with 3sg object prefix and h‑ classifier. (1s nìniih‑, 2s nìniinh‑, 3s nììniih‑, 1p nìts’iniih‑, 2p nìnah‑, 3p nìghighnìih‑) ‑‑‑‑Nìniihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nìts’iniihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nììniihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya nìniinhtęa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nìghighnìihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya nìghniihtęa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya nìnahtęa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya sǫ nìniinhtę`a ’udoo kesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khutà’ duchwę̀’ didii nun k’eh khudowa nìniihtę.

nì#¹ vpf. (n mom) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Deda nìniiya? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza nìniiyaa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nìts’inii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza nighniidedla? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza nìts’oodèla? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Vanderhoof dzè’ nìts’oodèlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑7‑mile sǫ nìts’oodèlìì. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of nì#¹ see dase (under kahdasè’ nì#).

‑gàh nì#O‑ vpf. (ìì,n mom) occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑K’ah dàna sugàh noon’ą̀h kwudindiiǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas dàna sugàh nìnii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna dàna sugàh nìnii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sugàh nììnii’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Mugàh niits’inìila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dàna sugàh nighnii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dàna nugàh nìnis’ǫii sùnun’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mugàh nììdiin’ąlhǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dàna nugàh nìdas’ąlhe.

impf with 3 person pronominal object. (1s ‑gàh nììyìs‑, 2s ‑gàh nììyin‑, 3s ‑gàh nììyìì‑, 1p ‑gàh nìits’ìì‑, 2p ‑gàh nììyàh‑, 3p ‑gàh nighghìì‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mugàh nììyìs’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mugàh nììyin’ą̀ho? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo woogàh nììyìì’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo woogàh nìits’ìì’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mugàh nììyàh’ą̀hǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mugàh nighghìì’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

‑ghǫh nì#O‑ vpf. (n mom) occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Skidoo sǫh nìnintį̀į̀h.

nì#² vpf. (s clf-mot) ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ ch’owa nìsuskǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune ’oosà’ chow nìghuskǫ. ʘ^ma

> dasè’ nì# “shuttle load, hand off” see under dase

> ‑gàh nì#ya/’ats “sg./du. marry, live with as spouse” see under ya³

> kǫh nì#ya/’ats “sg./du. marry, live with as spouse” see under ya³

> nì#ya/’ats/detl “be born” see under ya³

> ninii “you (sg.)” see under n

> ‑nisdzįįdè’ “kidney” see under dzįįt

nìsdzooh n. (Ptilium or Drepanocladus) variant of nèsdzooh. For example(s) for nìsdzooh see lhès (under O‑n-lès).

nisgow, nisgǫw n. (Ribes laxiflorum)

nisgow: (pr nisgoʹw) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Kwùdàtą Gàh nisgow dachow. ʘ^mc

nisgǫw: (pr nisgoʹw) ʘ^ma

nisgwul n. (pr nisgwuʹl) ʘ^ma (Melanitta fusca or Melanitta perspicillata)

> nisghwush “soapberry” see under ghwush

nii¹ say

dur	nii/sįį/dii	nìì’/sį̀į̀’/dìì’	nììlh/sį̀į̀lh/dììlh	nìì’/sį̀į̀’/dìì’
per	nììh			nììh

u#d-nii v. (dur) u# a default prefix, replaceable by more contentful prefix or separate word. This verb has irregular d/n/s root initial alternations: d‑ in 3s, 1p, 3p imperfective; s‑ in 1s (all tenses); n‑ elsewhere. The irregular 3s form ’èhnii occurs when no lexically specified preverb is present. The expected 3s form ’udii means “call, make noise”. ‑‑‑‑’Àtsǫǫ dè’èhniia? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàhtunii ’udii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda ’udii dìsts’ugh. ‑‑‑‑Wiidìì’ nidòòwè dinii. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dinii. [PA *d-ni‑’ “say, utter” (L87)]

u# replaced ‑‑‑‑Dèdiniia? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dèdadissįį. ʘ^ma

widii n. ‑‑‑‑Widii sudowa su’ǫ.

lhǫ̀‑u#d-nii v. ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀adinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀adii.

u#w-d‑nii v.

P‑tsugh-u#w-d‑nii v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane mutsughawdidii.

P‑zul-u#w-d‑nii v. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ǫ̀wìì muzulawdidii.

P‑yììh-u#w-d‑nii v. ‑‑‑‑Meyììhawdidii. ‑‑‑‑Sech’à’ meyììhawdidii.

’umà’ d-nii v. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’umà’ dissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’umà’ ’èhnii. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’umà’ ts’idii.

nu#d-D‑nii v. This verb is uniformly d‑ initial.

impf (1s nudisdii, 2s nudin‑, 3s nudi‑, 1p nuts’idi‑, 2p nudah‑, 3p naghdi‑) ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo nudisdii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, kwùjoo nudindii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlìì nudindii. ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo nudidii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo nuts’ididii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo nudahdii. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

’umà’ nu#d-D‑nii v. ‑‑‑‑’Umà’ nudidii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ujidayalhe gòòlìì ’umà’ nudidii. Mudowa nuwitsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma

P‑gha-dza#d-D‑nii v. ‑‑‑‑Lhònè’ sadzadii. ʘ^ma

da#d-D‑nii v. ‑‑‑‑Yutsudzii ka dadidii. ʘ^ma

dòòwa#d-D‑nii v. ‑‑‑‑Dòòwadii. ‑‑‑‑Ghùje yìdighè dòòwadii.

zutl d-nii v. ‑‑‑‑Zutl dinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Zutl ’èhnii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda ka ’udìnts’ugh. Zutl dinii. ‑‑‑‑Zutl didanììlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii zutl didiinììlhǫ? ʘ^ma

la#d-nii v. ‑‑‑‑Dusbùdii ’èh ladissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sòònììya ’udèt’ę gòòlii ladii. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dubùdii ’èh ladii. For further examples of la#d-nii see dinii (under ‑dinii); gak; te’e (under ’uwute’e); wiihtè’ (under lhǫ̀ wiihtè’).

w-ts’ììdii la#d-nii v. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dìnts’ugh. Wits’ììdii ladii.

lhǫ̀ la#d-nii v. ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀ ladissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nudowa wists’ììt. Lhǫ̀ ladisįį. ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀ ladii. ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀ ladinii. ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀ ’ulę ladii.

gwa#d-nìì v. ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii gwadahnìì. ʘ^em

lhǫ̀ gwa#d-nìì v. ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀ gwadìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀ gwadinìì. ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀ gwadissį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀ gwats’idii.

sa#d-nìì v. ‑‑‑‑Louie wuyè sadìì. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dubùdii sadìì. Mà’in’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀da sadinìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀da sadìì. ʘ^ma

shòwa#d-nii v. ‑‑‑‑Shòwadinii. ʘ^ma

P‑dà#d-nii v. ‑‑‑‑Nudàdissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudàdinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo sudàndindii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudàdahnii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya wǫha ’udoo sudàdahniia? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì sudàdinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kakhwùdè’ sudàdii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kakhwùdè’ nudàts’idii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune joo kakhwùdè’ sudàghidii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas khǫhdìì yudàdiinìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudàdiinìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudàdidanììlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary dudinh’ą. ’Isǫ nudàdoonìì’. ʘ^ma

P‑ka#d-nii v. unusual a, u alternations. ‑‑‑‑Sukudìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii dowa sukudìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukaghidìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii dowa sukadinii. ʘ^ma

khu’ayhii/khu’àhii d-nii v.

khu’ayhii d-nii: ‑‑‑‑Khu’ayhii ’èhnii.

khu’àhii d-nii: ‑‑‑‑’Udoo suk’eh khu’àhii dinii.

P‑ową#d-nii v. o susceptible to deletion; ą, a variation.

impf (1s mowadissįį, 2s mowadinii, 3s yowądii, 1p mowąts’idii, 2p mowądahnii, 3p mowąghidii) with 3sg object of postposition. ‑‑‑‑Mowądissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nowądissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mwadissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sowądiniiǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane mowądinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ mwadinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ywadii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna Eileen wadii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mwats’idii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mwadahnii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mwaghidii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Courtney didloona ’ǫ̀wadii.

w-ech’à#O‑d-nii, w-ech’à’ O‑d-nii v. ‑‑‑‑Tun nitsį̀į̀’de wech’à’ yèhnii. ‑‑‑‑’Ide wech’àadissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide wech’à’ ’ùdissįį dzè’, more ’ughut’e. ʘ^ma

P‑ì#d-nii v. (dur) This verb has the same d/n/s alternations as for ’say’. The third person singular object of postposition is irregularly null with this verb, except for the third person singular subject, which is the regular y‑. The postposition is ì only in imperfective; otherwise null. P‑ì#d-D‑nii also attested. with meaning “tell P to”, verb of sentential argument is optative. ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀ gwadinìì nìdiisį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì sìdiinìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì sìdahnìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì nìts’idiinìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì sighdanìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas kwune sighdanìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì sighdiinìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì nighdiinìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dènèhniia? ‑‑‑‑Shòwasèhnii. ‑‑‑‑’Ididassį̀į̀lhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh dènìdoossį̀į̀’a? For further example(s) of P‑ì#d-nii see dįį² (under ’ì#dįį).

impf (1s ’ìdissįį, 2s ’ìdinii, 3s yèhnii, 1p ’ìts’idii, 2p ’ìdahnii, 3p ’ìghidii) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ìdissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, ’ìdinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ìdiniiǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dèda ’ìdinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ìts’idii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ìdahniiǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii la wìdissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sìdinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèhniiǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ìghidiiǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas ’ute’e là wìdinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sìghidii. ʘ^ma

direct discourse argument ‑‑‑‑“Wahts’ììt. ’Udoo yèda ’edììhii la ’ìdahnii,” khèhnii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo “supanè’ ’ute’e la” wìdinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andrew kwune “’ìdighè White Gàh dzè’ khu’èh” khìghidii. ‑‑‑‑“Store ts’è’ diinyalhǫ?” sèhnii. ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ ’ìdoonìì’, “’udoo kusinh’įį”, ’ìdoonìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“’Udoo ninii looht’e” sìghidii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“Supanè’ ’ute’e” wìdahniiǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii Edna “Andreas ’ute’e” ’ìdinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“’Uyii dune ’ute’e la” nìdissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“Edna wuyǫ” nìdissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii Louie “Edna wuyǫ” ’ìdissįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna la “Andreas ’ute’e” sèhnii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas “Edna wuyǫ” ’ìts’idii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“’Uyii dune ’ute’e” nukhìdissįį. ʘ^ma

optative sentential argument ‑‑‑‑Nidòòyà’ii ’ìdinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary lheyehii nawlèhii ’ìdinii.

d-nììh v. (per) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii la shòwà’ k’edinììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzah k’edinììh. ‑‑‑‑Witsį̀į̀’ii k’edinììh. ‑‑‑‑Ninii la nintsį̀į̀’ii k’edinììh. ‑‑‑‑Shòwà’ wits’idudèh, shòwà’ k’ets’idinììh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wìtsį̀į̀’ii k’ets’idinììh. ʘ^ma

nii²

w-d‑D-nii v. (n) ‑‑‑‑K’ula midzììì’ widènii. [PA *də-ye:n “be sharp” (L87)]

‑k’à#w-d‑D-nii v. k’aw also attested. ‑‑‑‑Muk’àwdènii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Subesè’ muk’awdènii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’awdenayììlàh. ʘ^ma

‑k’ula#w-d‑D-nii v. ‑‑‑‑Muk’ulawdènii.

‑dà#w-d‑D-nii v. ‑‑‑‑Ghùje nùkhèh’įį. Mudàwdènii. ʘ^ma

no², nii

mom	niih	no	niilh	nììh
prog	niilh

d-no v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Tazowe too daniilh. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Too dùsno. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too daniilhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo too doonììhìì wukaynuszun. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom see dù¹ (under mot²).

’ugwùt nììno n. ‑‑‑‑’Ugwùt nììno sùn’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ugwùt nììno sùnkàh ’ii tl’ǫh ’utsigǫ̀’ joo. ‑‑‑‑’Ugwùt nììno ’èh ’utsigǫ̀’ ’èh lhidììh.

Ts’ehe Nììno pn.

nò

‑nò vsf. negative imperative (prohibitive); requires optative verb, preceding low tone. ‑‑‑‑Tse dùdoonts’iidììnò. ‑‑‑‑Sut’ùghòòndàhììnò. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane sutę mà’wahyisììnò. ‑‑‑‑Sǫh wintsughììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Iits’ii ba nùts’ii. Nukanootįįhììnò. ʘ^ma For further examples of ‑nò see jǫǫlh (under per); nù³ (under nù#gh-ìì‑).

> ‑nòda “across (water) at location” see under nòn²

nòdą n. (pr nòdąʹ) ʘ^ma For example(s) for nòdą see tl’ija (under d-tl’ija).

> ‑nòdze “from across (water), on the other side” see under nòn²

nòn¹ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (psd ‑nònè’) ‑‑‑‑dichin nònè’ ‑‑‑‑ts’ehe nònè’ ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uyii nòn ’intsuts. Nitsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii nunònè’ nuntsuts. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùbe ’ulè’ nòn ’ute’e. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Nòn ’èh dughudàà’ nughu’òts. ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dǫ̀h sunònè’ nastsèt. ‑‑‑‑Sunònè’ nasdǫ. ‑‑‑‑Munònè’ me’inhtsuts. [from Kas nón’]

dànòn n. For example(s) for dànòn see te’e (under P‑ts’a#te’e).

nòn²

‑nònè dir. ‑‑‑‑yìnònè ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìnònè dune nùde. ‑‑‑‑Yìnònè yàts’us’ats gwudzè’ ts’elę gàh. ‑‑‑‑Khunùs joo ’uts’idèdlàh. Yìnònè yàts’uskę. ‑‑‑‑yahnònèsgòòh [PA *ŋa:n’ “across, on the other side (of the water)” (L89)]

‑nòdze dir. ‑‑‑‑’ìnòdze ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnòdze sidèh’ą̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnòdze nun tinii’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìnòdze ghuyalh. ‑‑‑‑Yìnòdze kuda ma suts’è’ yàbęlh. ‑‑‑‑Yìnòdze niihts’ii. ʘ^ma

‑nòòwìì dir. ‑‑‑‑yahnòòwìì ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’ìnòòwìì ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìnòòwìì nayts’idoo’į̀į̀hii.

‑nòda dir. ‑‑‑‑yìnòda ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìnòda nùzut. ‑‑‑‑Yahnòda la kǫh wuts’àdzè’ wuk’ànustą. [PA *ŋą’:‑d “across, on the other side (of water) (punctual)” (L89)]

‑nosdè’ dir. ‑‑‑‑yìnosdè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìnosdè’ ’utune wìlę. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnòòwìì mun nosdè’ la ’utune wìlę. ʘ^ma

‑tahnoh, taànoh n. ‑‑‑‑Wootahnoh ts’uskę. ‑‑‑‑Too taànoh suda. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Sutaànoh gheskę. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Ii deyǫ̀’ kooyè kùdèhgèt. Khutaànoh wuts’è’ kooyà kùdèhgèt.

> ‑nosdè’ “across (water) at location” see under nòn²

noodlii adv. (pr nooʹdlii) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune nudoojà’ noodlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii dune ts’uladèdlàh noodlii. ‑‑‑‑Yus nùdatl’ùlhe noodlii. ‑‑‑‑Didii joo Gah Chwązii noodlii looht’e. (Nats’oodalh) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sǫ Andreas k’ànunoostą̀’ noodlii. Yìtsè’è nidòòwè mutl’ǫh nudasdalhe. ʘ^ma For further examples of noodlii see dlii¹ (under ‑dlii); jàh (under dur); k’àts² (under mom).

noodlii la adv. ‑‑‑‑Nuts’eh kwunatlah noodlii la. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Minawniihyhìtl noodlii la.

> noohgą̀she “fisher” see under gą̀sh

noohsehe n. (pr noohseʹhe) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (dim noohseha) ʘ^ma (Vulpes vulpes) ‑‑‑‑Noohsehe dut’ela. ʘ^ma

Noohsehe Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

noohsùn

‑noohsùn n. (pr ‑noohsùʹn) ‑‑‑‑minoohsùn ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suzulii ’èh minòòhsùn dut’elàjàh. [cf. ‑tsùn “flesh”]

> nòòhtèlè’ “sideways” see under tèl

> Noonats’ą̀s “unidentified area near Osilinka R.” see under ts’ą̀s

nòòze n. (pr nòòzeʹ) ʘ^ma (Mephitis mephitis)

> nòòze jìjè’ “black currant, skunk currant” see under jìje

nòòshdą n. (pr nòòshdąʹ) ʘ^ma (dim nòòshdązii) ʘ^ma (Lynx lynx) ‑‑‑‑nòòshdą yą̀dza

nòòshdą chow n. (Felis concolor)

nòòwa, nòòwą n. (pr nòòwaʹ, nòòwąʹ) (Gulo gulo)

nòòwa: ʘ^ma (dim nòòwazii) ‑‑‑‑nòòwa yąą̀dza

nòòwą: ʘ^ma ʘ^ei

Nòòwa Loowàa, Nòòwa Loowàa Twè’ pn.

Nòòwa Loowàa Twè’: ʘ^ma

Nòòwa Loowàa: ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

Nòòwa Munè’ pn. ‑‑‑‑Nòòwa Miighè’ ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

> ‑nòòwìì “across (water) in general area” see under nòn²

nu¹ cyclic

nu#D‑, n#D‑ vpf. iterative prefix; n‑ optionally after a vowel and before d or ts’. occurs productively with motion verbs. ‑‑‑‑Yànusukę. ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh ’ìdà’è nuts’idadùlhe. ‑‑‑‑Naghdèhghuz. ‑‑‑‑Nudindah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudùsja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla dùnundììhtę. Hǫ, nudindah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudootl’à’ìì wukayniizun. For further example(s) of nu#D‑, n#D‑ see dugh¹ (under prog).

fut (1s nudas‑, 2s nudiin‑, 3s nuda‑, 1p nuts’ida‑, 2p nudah‑, 3p naghda‑) ‑‑‑‑Dawdesà’ nudadalha? ‑‑‑‑Nuts’idat’àse.

prog (1s nas‑, 2s niin‑, 3s na‑, 1p nuts’a‑, 2p nah‑, 3p nugha‑) ‑‑‑‑Nasdalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niindalhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nadalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuts’at’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Naht’àso? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nughat’às. ʘ^ma

prog with ’ unspecified object. (1s na’as‑, 2s na’iin‑, 3s na’a‑, 1p nats’a‑, 2p na’ah‑, 3p nagha‑) ‑‑‑‑Na’asgelh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo na’iingelhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna joo na’agelh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii na’ahgelhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nats’agelh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Naghagelh. ʘ^ma

nu#d-n‑ vpf. (s mom prog) occurs with mot, clf-mot verbs.

mot ‑‑‑‑Nudnèhts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudnats’ulh.

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Nudnooslèhii.

nu#ìì‑ vpf. occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii power saw suts’eh nidìì’ǫ ’udoo t’ah nayìì’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii ch’ila joo nidììhtę ’udoo t’ah nayììhtèh. ʘ^ma

> nu#O‑d-n‑detl “check over, examine O” see under detl²

> kù‑nu-dzi#d-D‑dìì’ “revive, come to” see under dii²

> P‑i-nu#D-dììh “remember P” see under dìì’³

nu², ni² back

‑nughonè’ n. ‑‑‑‑munughonè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Unughonè’ ts’idoobedzii.

‑nichìnè’ n. ‑‑‑‑minichìnè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Minichìnè’ ’eduts’ùlh. ‑‑‑‑Sinichìnè’ joo k’oodidììh. ʘ^ma

> ‑nisdzįįdè’ “kidney” see under dzįįt

> ‑nusts’ùze “kidney” see under nusts’ùze

> ‑nutsùn “back flesh, meat” see under tsùn²

nù¹

nù# vpf. (gh mom

mot ‑‑‑‑Lhatahda la joohdè’ keyiih nùnughudùlh. ‑‑‑‑Nìiya. ‑‑‑‑Nùts’ii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsè’è nawsyà’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dusdlęha nùnatl’a. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nawts’iidììsį̀į̀. Mugònè’ ’oontòn. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mot see ts’os (under mom).

pf with H‑ classifier. (1s nàas, 2s nìin‑, 3s nàa‑, 1p nùts’a‑, 2p nàah‑, 3p nùgha‑) ‑‑‑‑Nàasts’ut. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo nàasts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nìints’udo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàats’ut. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nùts’ats’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàahts’udo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùghats’ut. ʘ^ma

clf-mot¹ ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsè’è ts’elę gàh nùts’iihtę gwa kǫh ’awts’idèdlàh. ‑‑‑‑Nùyii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nìis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nìisla. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì nùniis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùts’ii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nunts’ii’ǫ. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of clf-mot¹ see la² (under mom¹).

succ ‑‑‑‑Nùyiiyìts.

ext ‑‑‑‑16‑mile ’ide nà’atune. ʘ^em

nù#d‑ vpf. (s mom) occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Nùts’idùsdul. ‑‑‑‑Tsuts nùdùstǫ. ‑‑‑‑Edna suts’è’ naydùs’ut. ‑‑‑‑Yìtsè’è ’àtsǫǫ ts’è’ dude nùdahlèh.

> nù#n‑’etl “pl. trees fall” see under ’etl

nù²

nù# vpf. distributive pl. For examples for nù# see ’ąh¹ (under dist); ’ę (under have); ’ę (under P‑i#w-d‑D‑’ę); jǫǫlh (under dist); k’i¹ (under P‑k’i#w‑); khǫ̀h (under dist); la² (under dist); làh (under dist); làh (under dist); le¹ (under dist); le¹ (under dist); lhut (under dist); sè’; sį̀į̀ (under ‑sį̀į̀¹); tl’ǫǫ (under dist); tl’ǫǫ (under dist); tsìtl (under dist); tsii (under dist); tsul (under dist); tsus (under dist); u (under P‑u‑).

nù#d-n‑ vpf. (gh ) occurs with succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑Nùdnint’às. ‑‑‑‑Nùdniis’èts.

nù³

nù#d‑ vpf. (s mom) occurs with succ verbs. For example(s) for nù#d‑ see tatl (under nù#O‑d-tatl).

nù#gh-ìì‑ vpf. (mom) occurs with succ verbs; ù ‑‑> à before gh. ‑‑‑‑Dukè’ nàghììt’ats. ‑‑‑‑Nayghììhyhìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tselh ’èh dukè’ nàghììhyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Diilà’ nàghììt’ats. ‑‑‑‑’Ii yiilà’ nàghììt’ats. ’Udoo ’wèlìì la nayghììt’ats. ‑‑‑‑Lhonè’ muk’àwdènii. Niilà’ nàghoont’àsììnò. ʘ^ma [cf. nù#O‑gh-ìì‑’àtl “bite O (person)”]

> nù#ya/’ats/detl “make a round-trip, go out and back” see under ya³

> Nùk’ùzèhts’wą “Carcajou Cr., Peter Cr., Ten-mile creek on the Sifton Pass trail” see under ts’ǫ

nukh 2pl

nukh‑ ~ nukhu‑ npf. nukh‑ before a vowel, nukhu‑ before a consonant.

nukh‑: ‑‑‑‑Nukhiiziì’ dè’òòyea? ʘ^ma

nukhu‑: ‑‑‑‑Nukhuzàghè’ kuwachowa zǫh ’esdììh.

nukh‑ ~ nukhi‑ vpf. direct object prefix; nukh‑ before a vowel, nukhi‑ before a consonant.

nukhi‑: ‑‑‑‑Ya ka dunukhighdeh’ą? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhidèh’ą̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhighdèh’ą̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dunukhideh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhidùsgę. ‑‑‑‑Nukhidìsts’ugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii nukhidiyììhii looht’e.

nukh‑: ‑‑‑‑Nukhììhchòòdǫ?

nukh‑ ~ nukhi‑ ppf. nukh‑ before a vowel, nukhi‑ before a consonant.

nukh‑: ‑‑‑‑Nukhedììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhìnejidǫ?

nukhi‑: ‑‑‑‑Nukhik’ìts’idlii. ʘ^ma

nukhinii, nukhin‑/nukhįį‑ pro.

nukhinii: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii joo ts’ììyàhdèl.

nukhin‑/nukhįį‑: ‑‑‑‑nukhinch’ah ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhįįch’ah gwudzè’ ’ìdighè k’àht’às. Sinjoo sinch’ah ’ìdà’è dasyalhe.

nughe n. (pr nuʹghe) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Nughe dasyalhe. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Nughe nùzut. ʘ^ma

nun n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑nunè’) ‑‑‑‑Dune za nunè’ looht’e. ‑‑‑‑Larry kwune nunè’ k’eh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nun ’unajàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nun k’eh nùzut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnosdè’ la Martha nunè’ lawììht’e. For further example(s) of nun see dįįdze (under tadįįdzè’ nun). [PA *ŋə’n’ “land” (KL)]

> nun k’eh sehkùda “lichen” see under kùt

> nun k’eh sukùdla “lichen” see under kùtl

> dii nun k’eh ‑ya/’ats/detl “sg./du./pl. travel” see under ya³

> nì#ya/’ats/detl “be born” see under ya³

> nùnèhghulii “frame” see under khul²

nuso

nuso#d‑(n‑) vpf. occurs with mot, clf-mot verbs. [cf. sowe# “curve, over”]

mot ‑‑‑‑Nusodnèhts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nusodnùstę. ‑‑‑‑Nusodnèhgèt. ‑‑‑‑Nusodnugetde, bokh dèjàh. For further example(s) of mot see kets (under prog).

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Tse nusodiinlelh. ‑‑‑‑Nusodniin’ąlh. ‑‑‑‑Nusodnin’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì nusodnèes’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nusots’idnu’ąhììzǫh ’ut’ès. For further example(s) of clf-mot see tsoos (under mom).

t’ès nusodna’ąlhii n. ʘ^ma

> nùstonii “log, windfall” see under tįį

nusts’ùze

‑nusts’ùze n. (pr ‑nusts’ùzeʹ) ‑‑‑‑munusts’ùze ʘ^ma [PA *ts^r’ə’ts^r’ “kidney” (L87)]

> ‑nusts’ùze “kidney” see under nusts’ùze

O

ǫ exp. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^mc The preferred pronunciation of this word is ǫ, but ’ǫ is also attested.

ǫ: ‑‑‑‑Edna “ǫ” sèhnii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ǫ, mukudèehgwun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ǫ, dzisidniiyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ǫ, khǫhdìì toonadnustę. ʘ^ma

’ǫ: ‑‑‑‑’Ǫ, ’uduskhǫ̀h. ʘ^ma

‑ǫ int. yes/no question suffix, written with preceding hyphen when suffixed to a word ending in o or ǫ. ‑o also attested after oral consonants.

suffixed to verb ‑‑‑‑’Utsun kudìinhgwunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Winyǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ’unlàhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mugàh nighghìì’ą̀hǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sik’ìts’indliiǫ? ‑‑‑‑Yìtsè’è yidèh’ą̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kidooniindìì’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Frankie di’òònà’ na’ììchòòdǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìtsè’è Edna ’èhǫ nudoonjà’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Minawìsinh’ǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Minawìsah’ǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e lhìsahtl’ǫǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma

suffixed to postposition ‑‑‑‑Nitsį̀į̀’ii ghǫhǫ ’ughgheh’įį? ‑‑‑‑Yìtsè’è Edna ’èhǫ ’ìtsè’è nudiindalhe? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsè’è Edna ’èhǫ ’ìtsè’è nudiindalhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna ’èh Mary ’èhǫ nadiindalhǫ? ʘ^ma

‑o: ‑‑‑‑Nukhàniiyàdzo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dinbùdo? ’Utsùn dinbets.

OO

oodighe

‑oodighe, ‑dighe n. (pr ‑oodigheʹ, ‑digheʹ) (voc khwudighe) ʘ^ma (pl ‑oodigheke, dim ‑oodigha, recp ‑oohdighe) (hotige “my older brother, ...male cousin” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑lhoohdigheke ‑‑‑‑Khwudighe, satiiyawìjàh. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune la khwudighe kwune laghiiht’e. ‑‑‑‑Noodighe dèkooht’a? [PA *u(:)nəɣ.‑e: “older brother” (L05)]

Lhoohdighe Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

Lhoohdighe Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

oosà’

oosà’, ’oosà’ n. (pr ooʹsà’) ʘ^ma (pr ’ooʹsà’) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (psd ‑oosà’, dim oosàazii) ʘ^ma (psddim ‑oosàazii) oosà’ or ’oosà’ when unprefixed. ‑‑‑‑soosà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soosà’ tinùslàt. ‑‑‑‑Noosà’ sùn’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑too oosà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too oosà’ looht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna oosà’ sànii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sutwè’ oosà’ looht’e. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

tii oosà’ n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tii oosà’ ts’idèt’ę. ʘ^ma

’ubùt oosà’ n.

> ’oosà’ ch’owa “kettle, pot with spout” see under ch’oh

> ’oosà’ gusè’ “tea pole, campfire cooking pole” see under gus

> ’oosà’ zų̀lhè’ “semi-circular handle” see under sų̀lh

P

pąhja

ni#d-n‑pąhja v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii bòòsa nidnapąhja. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei [from Eng patch]

pane n. (psd ‑panè’, voc panè’, dim ‑panàa) ‑‑‑‑Gwuda la sà’è dǫ̀h supanè’ dube zèhkhę ghiilè’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Pane wudnìint’ę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑lhiihpanè’ ‑‑‑‑supanè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑mupanè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ k’ìts’isdlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ ’ędii dèkant’a? ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo lhiihpanè’ kwune kighnètal. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii la ’udoo supanè’ ghilę. Wewitsį̀į̀’. [from Eng partner]

> P‑datseh “ahead of, in front of, below, downhill from P” see under tseh

> P‑dawusdah “around P” see under dah¹

piida

d-piida v. ‑‑‑‑Dupiida. ʘ^em [from Eng peat ‑a diminutive]

Wutl’ùs Piida pn.

> P‑ghadus “more than P” see under dus

S/Z

s 1sg

s‑ vpf. subject prefix. ‑‑‑‑’Ustsuts.

s‑ ~ su‑/si‑ vpf. direct object; si‑ or su‑ before a consonant, s‑ before a vowel.

s‑: ‑‑‑‑Sììhchòòt.

si‑, su‑: ‑‑‑‑Dusideh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila ’wèdè’ k’ìsugeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sidèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sighdèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sidùsgę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary ’udoo sidiyììh.

s‑, su‑/si‑ npf. su‑ or si‑ before a consonant, s‑ before a vowel.

s‑: ‑‑‑‑Siilà’ ’ììhchòòt.

su/si‑: ‑‑‑‑suts’ahdè’

s‑, su‑/si‑ ppf. su‑ or si‑ before a consonant, s‑ before a vowel.

s‑: ‑‑‑‑Sìnejit.

su‑/si‑: ‑‑‑‑Sik’ìts’idlii. ʘ^ma

sinii, sin‑/sįį‑ pro.

sinii: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii zèehkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii ’uslàh. ‑‑‑‑Sinii lhìghè’ zǫh kaynuszų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii looht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siniich’ah koodoos’į̀į̀hii. ‑‑‑‑Sinii ’èh ’umawii ch’ila ’èh lhiihts’è’ ts’inu’ą.

sin‑/sįį‑: ‑‑‑‑sinch’ah ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinch’ah nàghusdah. ‑‑‑‑Sinch’ah la nudasdalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinjoo kǫh ’awdèsdlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sįįla ’udoo khudii nidìsya. 7:40 dzè’ la nidìsya. Satiiyawììht’e. Sustę. [PA *ši: “I ” (K05)]

sa¹

sa n.

sun: ‑‑‑‑Sa kùda’ąlhe.

month: ‑‑‑‑Lhìghè’ sa nùnats’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla sa tadįįdze ’udadììlhe khwązii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèsǫ ’òòye sa ’udoo mesdììh. [PA *s^ra: “sun” (K05)]

> sa ‑’ą “sun, moon goes” see under ’ą¹

> sa ‑’ą “sun, moon goes” see under ’ą¹

> sa na’ììt’ǫ “new moon” see under ’ą¹

> sa dè’ “sunlight, sunshine” see under dè’⁵

> sa dįįjè’ “sunlight, sunshine” see under dįįjè’

> kwù‑sa#d-ìì‑dlat “sun comes out, brightens up” see under dlat¹

> sa dzèè’ “watch, clock” see under dzèè’

> sa k’eh “month” see under k’eh

sa²

tse sa n. ‑‑‑‑Too gàh ts’òòdane tse sa k’eh kighnètal. [PA *sa:x^y “sand” (K05)]

’uza n. ‑‑‑‑’Uza wìlę.

> ’uza dukàt “beach, sandbar” see under kàt

sa³ might, must

> sa#’į̀į̀ “must be, must have” see under ’įį³

> sa#làh “maybe make” see under làh

> sa#lè “must be” see under le¹

> sa#d-nìì “might be saying” see under nii¹

> sa#t’è “might do, be” see under t’e¹

są¹

> ‑ììsą ~ ‑`są “maybe, perhaps, I wonder” see under ììsą

są²

są su’ǫ n. ʘ^lt short form of ’usanii su’ǫ.

za adj.

Dune za n. ‑‑‑‑Dune za nunè’ lǫǫht’e. ʘ^ei For further example(s) of Dune za see yhin.

diih za n. ʘ^ma (Dendragapus canadensis)

gat za n. ‑‑‑‑Gat za mik’inè’ joo ’ute’e.

ke za n. ʘ^ma

tlįį za n.

> Dune za dzenèes “Aboriginal people’s day” see under dzen

sà’

sà’, sà’è adv.

sà’¹: ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sà’ ’udast’èlhe. For further example(s) of sà’¹ see la² (under ‑la).

sà’è¹: (pr sàʹ’è) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sà’è nuk’ànustą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sà’è ’udoo sadèest’ǫ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma sà’è nidììya lǫ̀? ‑‑‑‑Sà’è jo ’udiint’èlhǫ? For further example(s) of sà’è¹ see zoola (under nu#d-n‑zoola).

sà’èt’è’ adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sà’èt’è’ la ’umà’ ts’idii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sà’èt’è’ la lhunasdalh.

> sà’è dǫ̀h “long ago” see under dǫ̀h For examples for sà’è dǫ̀h see cheh (under Tahcheh); da² (under P‑ghà#gh-da).

> ’udoo sàdǫ̀h “not long ago” see under dǫ̀h

> sà’è wuts’eh “for a long time” see under ts’eh

zà’¹

‑zà’ n. (w) (dim ‑zàazii) does not always occur with w‑ areal. [cf. ‑zàghè’ “language”] [PA *‑zαq’, ze:q’ “belch” (KL)]

mouth: ‑‑‑‑muzà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuzà’ wik’oodidììhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuzà’ nawin’òts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuzà’ lhedinhlha ’ìdinii. ‑‑‑‑Dinkwus da nuzà’ lhindinhdiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii muzà’ winùstlǫ.

speech: ‑‑‑‑dune muzà’ winidòòwè ‑‑‑‑Nukhuzà’ witsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè nintsį̀į̀’. Nuzà’ wutsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nintsį̀į̀’ ts’ìì’ònè. Suts’è’ nuzà’ witsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’uzà’ wuchow zǫh ’ulę. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè khuzà’ winùstlǫ. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of speech see yhìts¹ (under O‑yìts).

zà#, sà# inc.

zà#w-n‑ vpf. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Muzàwnìihgwutl. ʘ^ma

> ‑zà#n-D‑’ą “kiss” see under ’ą¹

> sà#d-h‑D‑’ą/la “have sg./pl. in mouth” see under ’ą¹

> sà#w-d‑’ąh “yawn” see under ’ąh¹

> sà#H-da “sg. talk, speak while sitting” see under da³

> sà#H-kę “du. talk, speak while sitting” see under kę

> ’i-sa#d-d‑ìì‑t’èh “speak up for oneself” see under t’èh

> gwùndàn zà’ tl’oolh “bridle” see under tl’oolh

> (P‑ts’è’) sa#w-d‑d-h‑tsįįh “whisper (to P)” see under tsįįh¹

> sà#d-H‑ts’ii “pl. talk, speak while sitting” see under ts’ii³

> ‑zà#D-ya/’ats/detl “fight, quarrel, argue” see under ya³

> sa#d-D‑ya “walk talking” see under ya³

zà’²

wuzà’ adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide wuzà’ looht’e. ʘ^ma

> sà#d-ya “wear around neck” see under la²

sahdze, sahdzè’ n. (psd ‑zahdzè’)

sahdze: (pr saʹhdze) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑libàlii zahdzè’ ‑‑‑‑Sahdze k’eh ’utsùn dusinlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sahdze ’unleh ’ii tl’ǫh muk’eh ’utsùn ’inhgwun.

sahdzè’: ʘ^mc

zàghè’

‑zàghè’ n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Dune zàghè’ wuka k’ìts’ut’às. ‑‑‑‑Nuzàghè’ wudindèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suzàghè’ wudindèhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuzàghè’ widusdèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suzàghè’ widudèh. ‑‑‑‑Dune za zàghè’ kuwachowa zǫh kesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii khuzàghè’ kidoonadìì’. ‑‑‑‑Nuzàghè’ ’uwute’e sits’oodindèh. ʘ^ma [cf. ‑zà’ “mouth”]

> saneh “month” see under neh

sąs n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (dim sąsa) ʘ^ma (Ursus americanus) ‑‑‑‑Sąs k’idnujoch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii sąsa looht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Ii sǫ gwa jìje chow nùstlǫde gwa sǫ sąs k’ègwuch. [PA *x^yəš/*x^yəs^r “black bear” (KL)]

Sąstoot’ą prsn. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

Sąsa pn.

> sąs bììdii “Western wood-peewee” see under bììdii

> sąs dudulii “cinnamon bear” see under dul¹

> sąs jìjè’ “red-osier dogwood” see under jìje

> sąs duk’ądza “polar bear” see under k’ądza

ząs

d-d‑ząs v. ‑‑‑‑Didusząs. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ididuząs.

zą̀s

mom

ząs

zą̀z

ząs

O‑d‑(ìì‑)zą̀s v. ‑‑‑‑Nuk’wus dìszą̀s. ‑‑‑‑Dists’ii lhiduzą̀s.

pass ‑‑‑‑Miilà’ dììzą̀zii ’èh, too ’ujàh. ʘ^ma

ku#O‑(d‑)zą̀s v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Mukè’ joo kudazą̀zii ’èh too ’ujàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ughà’ kawzą̀sììsį̀į̀. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kùzą̀s. ʘ^em

> Sąstoot’ą “Bear L. people” see under sąs

sàt

h-sàt v. ‑‑‑‑Widniihsàdǫ? ‑‑‑‑Too gàh widniihsàt. ‑‑‑‑Too gàh yàdèhsàt. ‑‑‑‑Ya k’eh niihsàt dzè’ dusin’ǫ. (Twinkle, twinkle little star) [cf. ‑ts’oohsude “away from”]

sdoh n. ‑‑‑‑Sdoh kaghe ’inht’ès. ‑‑‑‑Too sdoh k’eh dunkàh. ʘ^ma [compare ITli stùx, sdùx “stove”]

se¹

se n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑zè’) ‑‑‑‑muzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑suzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ’ooht’à’ii? Se ’èht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo se dèst’ę. ʘ^ma [PA (Cordillera, BC, Eastern) *se:, ‑ze’ “belt” (L05)]

se²

‑se n. less preferred possessed form of ‑tse. (ese “my father-in-law” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑suse ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suse sadus ’achow. ʘ^ma

sę

> u#h-sun “have, make, do” see under sun¹

> P‑ku#y-n‑zun “want, like to, need P” see under sun¹

ze

tse ze n. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’òòdawa kwune tse ze ’èh kwùdidèhk’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Tse ze ’èh la shòwà’ dune kwùdidèhk’ǫ.

sè’ adv. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Sudahda kètl’àh sè’ ’uwìsdlàh. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda ’ùkoo dude ’èhììt’è’ mama sè’ ’unùyìslàh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tsuts sè’ ’unììlàh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nats’oodalh sè’ nììniihtę. ʘ^em [from Eng set?]

sè’ exp. also se’. ‑‑‑‑Sè’, gwudze ’utsùn kùdahdèl.

> sè’ nu#w-lèh “straighten up, tidy up” see under la²

zę̀’, zę̀h spit

dur

zę̀h

zę̀h

zę̀lh

zę̀h

‑dazę̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑Mudazę̀’ mudùndìslįį. [PA *‑že:q’ “spit” (L87)]

d-H‑zę̀h v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Ònè dinzę̀h. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì dazę̀h. ‑‑‑‑Didaszę̀lhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tola ’èkèh didazę̀lhe.

mèkèh ts’iduzę̀hii n.

sèhnììhje n. (pr sèhnììhjeʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Sèhnììhje sǫ ’ut’è. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sèhnììhje sǫ yaghììhlhahii sat’è.

zel¹

ts’-zela v. ‑‑‑‑Too ts’uzela.

zel² ono. a high-pitched, clear sound such as the sound of a sparrow, bell, tapping on a glass.

sęts

conc

sęts

sęts

sęts

sęts

O‑h-sęts v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Mit’oodzè’ ’inhsęts. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’uyii lhoowe siihsęts.

zets

‑zedzè’ n. ‑‑‑‑muzedzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mezedzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide muzedzè’ nusuda. ʘ^em For further example(s) of ‑zedzè’ see da³ (under impf). [PA *ze:g^y-e’ “death, corpse” (L87)]

’uzedzè’ n. ʘ^ma (dim ’uzedzàa) ‑‑‑‑’Uzedzè’ ’anh’įįǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màda yèda ’edììh. ’Uzedzè’ zǫh ’eghidììh. ‑‑‑‑’Uzedzàa mùnunkàh. ʘ^ma

’Uzedzè’ Sukǫde pn. ʘ^ma

Sikooką̀’ prsn. ʘ^ma nickname for Old Man John.

Sikooką̀’ Wuk’ediihk’ǫde pn. ʘ^ma

sik’ì

sik’ì#d-ìì‑ vpf. (mom) ì#’ ‑‑> e.

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Khą̀ts sik’ìdìn’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sik’ìts’idììla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts sik’ìts’idììla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sik’eghdììla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune joo sik’eghdììla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ooshinè’ sik’ìdìntį̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Sik’iidìì’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìghè’ tsuts sik’ìdìstǫ. ‑‑‑‑Sik’edììla. ʘ^ma

mot ‑‑‑‑’Ooshinè’ sik’edìnloos.

> sinii “I, myself” see under s

zis, zàts snow

dur

dzis

dzàts

dzis

dzis

nù#d-D‑zis v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Nùdidzis. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yus nùdidzis. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùdadzàts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùdadzise. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùdoodzisii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùdidùsdzàts. [PA *d-ɬ‑ya:dz/ya’:dz “snow falls” (L87)] [cf. yus “snow”]

sį̀į̀, sį̀į̀h

‑sį̀į̀, ‑sį̀į̀h vsf. if future event or state, verb is optative; lowers tone of ‑ii optative.

‑sį̀į̀¹: ‑‑‑‑’Ah ’awnlehììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nunoonhtsulììsį̀į̀. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kant’e. ’Udnoondzę̀dlììsį̀į̀. ‑‑‑‑Muk’ànunoostą̀’ììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Èdè’ sǫ nuk’ànunoostą̀’ììsį̀į̀. ‑‑‑‑Wook’inàaduludììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma rare impf verb. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii wik’idòòts’iidììsį̀į̀. Mugònè’ ’oontòn. ʘ^ma For further examples of ‑sį̀į̀¹ see doos (under opt); ya³ (under yhììh k’ì#ìì‑ya/’ats/detl).

‑sį̀į̀h: For example(s) for ‑sį̀į̀h see tl’ùts¹ (under P‑’èh nu#w-d‑n-tl’ùts).

zìì’¹

> ‑iizìì’ “name” see under iizìì’¹

zìì’²

> ‑iizìì’ “body” see under iizìì’²

zįįdzè’

> wizįįdzè’ ’įįh “in the shade” see under ’įįh¹

zįįh

‑zįįh n. ‑‑‑‑sizįįh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑suzįįh ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Sizįįh ’oonhchoodììnò. ‑‑‑‑Mizįįh wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Woozįįh ghǫh nùts’ustę. [cf. wizįįdzè’ ’įįh “in the shade”]

d-n‑ìì‑zįįhdza v. ‑‑‑‑Dinììzįįhdza. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

zį̀į̀h

dawnizį̀į̀hdza n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

siilh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma [compare ITli chíɬ “platform cache; house cache; shed”]

Siizii n. (pr Siiziiʹ) ʘ^ma [from Fr Jésus]

ziit

neu

ziit

ziit

ziit

ziit

P‑ghà#d-ìì‑H-ziit v. (n neu) ‑‑‑‑Lhonè’ sàdàziit. ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh yàdidàziide. ‑‑‑‑Tanya ghàts’idòòziidii.

impf (1s ghàdèsziit, 2s ghàdniin‑/ghàdiin, 3s ghàdè‑, 1p ghàts’idè‑, 2p ghàdnah‑/ghàdah‑, 3p ghàghdè‑) ‑‑‑‑Wàdèsziit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màdèsziit. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sàdèziit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sàdniinziit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsinlii. ’Udoo màdniinziit. Ninjoo ’udoo màdiinziit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yàdèzit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didinjoo ’udoo nàdèziit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màts’idèziit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sàdnahziit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màdnahziit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sàghdèziit. ʘ^ma

sǫ, sǫh adv. This word and its derivatives often occurs with ‑ìì suffixed to consonant final verbs and/or H L tone pattern on rightmost two syllables of verb.

sǫ...‑ìì: ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’èh sǫ doosyà’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya wǫh sǫ menììtseghìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh sǫ nuk’ànunoostą̀’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sǫ nulèè’ nùdooskhàlìì. ‑‑‑‑Nukhewitsį̀į̀’. Tachǫh sǫ nuts’idoodèlìì. For further example(s) of sǫ...‑ìì see dǫ (under ku#O‑gh-d‑dǫ).

sǫh...‑ìì: ‑‑‑‑K’udàzǫh sǫh ghehtędzìì. ʘ^em

sǫh...‑H L: ‑‑‑‑Dùnèt’e tsà’ sǫh tùsulà. ʘ^em

sǫ...‑H L: ‑‑‑‑Gwuda sǫ mukǫh wilę̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Isǫ ya sǫ lhìsitl’ǫ̀ǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ghǫh sǫ sits’ehdunè. ʘ^ma

H L: ‑‑‑‑Louie ’ut’e dè’, ’udoo yizoohkhèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dedzii wuts’eh kìiyà? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ts’eh dislą̀. ʘ^ma For further examples of H L see dah² (under ‑dahii); nì (under nì#).

sǫ sub. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe k’òònè’ ’ute’e la. Lhoowe k’òònè’ steak ’udiindlàhìì sǫ shòwà’ wintsudzìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùdidèhkhedlii sǫ ’uyii ts’òòdane ’utsughìì. ʘ^ma (’Òòsbììba) ‑‑‑‑’Inte’e sǫ ya k’udzè’ doonyà’ìì.

’ii sǫ ’udoo sub. requires optative verb. ‑‑‑‑Nughelè’ ki’inhtl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h ’ii sǫ ’udoo tudoon’ą̀hìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e mugònè’ ’oontòn, ’ii sǫ ’udoo wik’idòòts’iidii. ʘ^ma

dasǫ adv. (pr dasǫʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwuda dasǫ mukǫh wilę̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dasǫ ’udoo gwudze dooyà’ìì kwudisdii. ‑‑‑‑Dasǫ ka’ììhlhahìì. Mitsinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dasǫ ke’it’į̀į̀hìì. Mitsinlii. ʘ^ma

dè’ sǫh, dèsǫ adv. For example(s) for dè’ sǫh, dèsǫ see k’i³ (under ‑k’i#ìì‑).

dè’ sǫh:

dèsǫ: (pr dèsǫʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dèsǫ kwudidii. ‑‑‑‑Dèsǫ kawàzulhii sawiiht’e. ‑‑‑‑Dèsǫ kawst’è’ìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umuse yutseh wuts’eh gòòlii dèsǫ kat’e. ‑‑‑‑Edna dèsǫ kooht’è ’udoo kesdììh.

dèsǫ sub. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii Phillip ’ìdinii lhayalh dèsǫ doonts’ughii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’èh ’ii mitsǫǫ ’uyèhnii, “zutl dinii, zutl dinii, baby, zutl dinii. ’Uyii ’òòsbììba dìnts’ugh ’uyii sǫ nidììts’ugh dèsǫ didzììì noohtèhìì,” yèhnii. ʘ^ma (’Òòsbììba)

dzèsǫ adv. ‑‑‑‑Fort Ware dzèsǫ nighniidedlìì. ʘ^ma [< dzè’ “there” + sǫ]

’isǫ exp. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Isǫ, ’udoo kesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Isǫ deèdza sǫ ’ùkoo kuda ’unàjàhìì.

kwùsǫ adv. (pr kwùsǫʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùsǫ deyǫ̀’ mutl’à’ k’ehii ’unuwùjàhìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùsǫ dude joo nunèhtsunìì. Muchowè’ salhidììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùsǫ deyǫ̀’ ’ute’anujàhìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùsǫ nudadalhè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùsǫ naghdùsdetl. Zutl widii. ʘ^ma For further examples of kwùsǫ see ’ędii (under ‑’ędii); dugh² (under O‑D-dugh); ts’ǫǫh (under d-ts’ǫǫh).

kwudasǫ, kwudasǫh adv.

kwudasǫ: ‑‑‑‑Kwudasǫ k’e’it’į̀į̀hìì. Mitsinlii. ʘ^ma

kwudasǫh: ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kwudasǫh nidèe’į̀į̀. ʘ^em

k’udà’ sǫ adv. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ sǫ muk’àwnooslèsìì. ʘ^ma

> dedii sǫ “I wonder where” see under dedii

> ’ììsǫ “maybe, perhaps, I wonder” see under ììsą

zǫ, zǫ̀’

neu	zǫ		zǫlh	zǫ
mom	zį̀į̀h	zǫ̀’	zį̀į̀lh	zį̀į̀h
per	dzį̀į̀h	dzį̀į̀h	dzį̀į̀lh	dzį̀į̀h
cust	dzį̀į̀h
prog	zį̀į̀lh

(P‑i#)d-zǫ v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Wuk’ida duzǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dinzǫ. ‑‑‑‑Dahzǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nulèè’ siduzǫ. ‑‑‑‑Yiduzǫ. ‑‑‑‑Sulę̀’ niduzǫ‑ǫ? ‑‑‑‑Ya k’ida duzǫa? ‑‑‑‑Ts’iì’ònè dinzǫ. ʘ^ma

(P‑i#)d-n‑ìì‑zǫ̀’ v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Midnìszǫ̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhighdnììdzǫ̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yidnììzǫ̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khidnììzǫ̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nidnììzǫ̀’de wintsughììnò. Lhatahda la duzǫ ’elhèh. ‑‑‑‑Nudzèè’ kùs’ą̀h da nudnìndzį̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Àtse k’ulàzǫh khindinììdzǫ̀’. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune sǫ yik’ida nidnoozį̀į̀hìì. Mitsinlii.

d-n‑zǫ̀’ v. (mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Yì’ǫ̀dze dinazį̀į̀lh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Emil nudnadzį̀į̀lh. ‑‑‑‑Ya k’ida dinazį̀į̀lha? ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑K’idnidzį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mike ka k’idnidzį̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑K’ighdnidzį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’idnidzį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Yàdnùszǫ̀’. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè ts’idnùszǫ̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè ’idnùszǫ̀’. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom see lii¹ (under impf).

cust ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ ’ìnòdzè yànudnidzį̀į̀h.

’Ìzǫ̀’ii prsn. [cf. duzǫii “mean one”]

sobiil n. ʘ^ma (Mergus merganser) [from Eng sawbill]

zǫh adv. ‑‑‑‑’uyii zǫh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudowa zǫh la didii ’utsigǫ̀’ ’uniislàh. ‑‑‑‑Ya zǫh dèt’ą? ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ zǫh dèst’ę, lìdii joo dèst’ę.

‑zǫh adj. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda mutah kaynuszų. Muzǫh zǫh kaynuszų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii muzǫh sùnkàh. ʘ^ma

> dèzǫh lǫ̀ “how” see under lǫ̀

zoz, zòz

P‑gha#n-zoz v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Dichin miilà’ ghanèzoz.

dichin zòzè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Dichin zòzè’ niilà’ ghawkahììsį̀į̀.

zǫza adj. ‑‑‑‑kwùn zǫza ‑‑‑‑tl’owe k’eh wuzǫza

’Àtsǫǫ Zǫza prsn. ʘ^ma nickname for ’Àtse Davie’s wife.

ts’àle zǫza n.

Mun Zǫza pn.

‑zǫza v. ‑‑‑‑Kazǫza. ʘ^ma

> tadòòsda (zǫza) “sandpiper” see under tasdòòsda

zow¹ frost

dur

zow

zow

zow

zow

nu#w-d‑zow v. ‑‑‑‑Tazowe nawdùszow. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tazowe nawdèszow. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Lhonè’ nawdùszow. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e nawduszowawìjàh. ʘ^ma

nù#d-zowa v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Nùduzowa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yus nùduzowa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“Didòò yus nùduzowa,” sèhnii. ‑‑‑‑Nawdùszowa. ‑‑‑‑Yus nùdazowa lǫ̀.

zow²

‑zowè’ n. ‑‑‑‑tsà’ zowè’ ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uzowè’ ’uywè’ ’udnindleh.

zow³ scrape

dur	zoh	zow	zolh	zoh
mom	zooh	zow	zolh	zow

P‑e#d-zow v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs ’eduzoh. ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs ’ets’idiizow. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’ediinzowa? ‑‑‑‑Yedidazolhe. ‑‑‑‑Yedoozohii. For further example(s) of P‑e#d-zow see la¹ (under sentence-internal la).

pass ‑‑‑‑Medazow. unusual lack of D‑.

ku-nu#O‑n-D‑zow v. (gh/s mom) D-z ‑‑> dz. ‑‑‑‑Mudone khà’ kunahdzooh. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì mudone kunuwiisdzow. ‑‑‑‑Kunaynùsdzow.

refl ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì kunadnadzow. ‑‑‑‑Kunadnèesdzow.

mu’èh kunadnudzowii n.

zow⁴ sweep

dur

dzow

dzow

dzow

dzow

(ti‑)nu#w-D‑zow v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Nukǫh tinuwindzow. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh nuwudzow. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì nuwadzow. ‑‑‑‑Sukǫh nawdasdzowe. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh nawts’oodzowii. ‑‑‑‑Tinawsdzowii.

mu’èh nawts’udzowii n.

sowe

sowe# vpf. ‑‑‑‑Too sowesilįį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Musowenudninhges. [cf. nuso#d‑(n‑) “turn over, around”]

zǫǫ

‑zǫǫ v. ‑‑‑‑Na winzǫǫ‑ǫ? [from TsK’] [PA *žu:ŋ “be good” (L87)]

P‑gha#O‑zǫǫ v. ‑‑‑‑Nanizǫǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma

’u#w-d‑zǫǫ v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’uwidiizǫǫ. ʘ^ma

soo’àlìì, soo’àlè adv. ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlant’e, soo’àlanh’įį.

soo’àlìì: (pr soo’àʹlìì) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlìì ’ughutsuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlìì k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlìì gwudze niindalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlìì gwudzè’ dinyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlìì ’ìdighè tunyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlìì ka’ììhlhah. ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlìì k’e’it’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlìì wudindèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlìì mits’oodindèh. ʘ^ma

soo’àlè: (pr soo’àʹlè) ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlè dinii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soo’àlè muts’oodindèh. ʘ^ei

> sòòch’à#’įį “be arrogant, show off” see under ’įį³

zòòdii

‑zòòdii n. ‑‑‑‑mizòòdii ʘ^ma [PA *sa’:d “mouth, tongue” (K05)]

sǫǫdle n. (pr sǫǫʹdle) ʘ^ma (Heracleum lanatum) [PA *‑zu:l “be hollow, make hollow noise” (L87)] [cf. zooh “empty”, ‑dzèsoolh “lung”]

’òòna zǫǫdlè’ n.

sòògah n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sòògah joo nidàas’ąlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii tah sòògah kaynuszun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudowa sòògah mutunlèh. ʘ^ma [from Eng?]

sòògak n. (pr sòògaʹk) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (Mephitis mephitis)

> sòògak chę̀’ “skunk cabbage” see under che

> sòògak jìjè’ “black currant, skunk currant” see under jìje

sooh adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sooh dulèè’ ts’ehdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooh sawute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooh wits’ehdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooh nùdùsdòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooh watiiyawììht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooh sits’iinhdune. Nesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooh dubùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Teh’ine. Sooh dinììbùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooh teh’ine. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooh lhònè’ yits’ehdune. ‑‑‑‑Lhechow lhint’às. Sooh lhechow lhint’às. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of sooh see t’e¹ (under tsì#d-h‑t’e).

zooh adj. ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ zooh su’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wizooh wùs’ǫ. [PA *‑zu:l “be hollow, make hollow noise” (L87)]

dahzooh n. (pr dahzooʹh) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dahzooh ’uwìjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè dahzooh nùstlǫ.

wizoowè’ adv. ‑‑‑‑Dune tl’ǫh wizoowè’ last’e ’ahyughà ’unawsdehii. ʘ^ma

zool, zòòl

Tse Zoolè’, Tse Zòòlè’ pn.

Tse zoolè’: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse zoolè’ gàh Joe Ignell nunè’ lawììht’e.

Tse zòòlè’: ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

Tse Zoolè’ Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

zoola

nu#d-n‑zoola v. ‑‑‑‑Suts’unè’ nudnazoola, muk’esusda sà’è ’ii ghǫh.

sòòne adv. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (pr sòòneʹ) ‑‑‑‑Sòòne mits’oodindèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sòòne ’unubę̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sòòne k’èdah. ‑‑‑‑Sòòne k’e’ist’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sòòne k’e’int’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of sòòne see ya¹ (under ya ’èh). [cf. soo’àlè “slowly, unhurriedly”]

sòòneda adv. ‑‑‑‑Sòòneda mudowast’e.

> sòòna#O‑’įį “be unable to, cannot (do) O” see under ’įį³

> sòòna#jàh “fail” see under jàh

> sòòna#O‑làh “fail at O” see under làh

> sòòna#t’e “struggle, have a hard time” see under t’e¹

soonè’ n. (pr sooʹnè’) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑soonè’) ‑‑‑‑sisoonè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑misoonè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ daht’ès da sawute’e. ‑‑‑‑Misoonè’ mudowa ’inht’ès. ʘ^ma [from Kas súné’]

sòònììya n. (psd ‑sòònììya) [from TsK’/McL, from Cree sônîyâw “paper money, dollars”]

zòòs adj. ‑‑‑‑Tun zòòs ’uwìjàh.

sooteha adv. (pr sooteʹha) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooteha k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooteha k’e’int’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooteha niindalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooteha sinh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Sooteha mits’oodindèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sootehànt’e. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sootehành’įįh. ʘ^ma [< ?]

sòòwìsàn n. (pr sòòʹwìsàn) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sòòwììsàn nuts’ootsudzii. For further example(s) of sòòwìsàn see làh (under opt).

su [cf. sa “sun”]

zùdidii

d-n‑ìì‑zùdidii v. ‑‑‑‑Widnììzùdidii.

sugh

mom	seh	sugh	sukh	seh
dur	sugh	sugh	sugh	sugh
cust	sukh

O‑d-h‑sugh v.

dur ‑‑‑‑’Udèhsugh. ‑‑‑‑Ya ka yidèhsugha? ʘ^ma

O‑h-sugh v. For example(s) for O‑h-sugh see dè’¹ (under dè’ sǫ).

mom ‑‑‑‑Lhinhseh. ‑‑‑‑Lhììyiihsugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya lhìihsugha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàyiihsugh. For further example(s) of mom see ya³ (under P‑ì#d-ìì‑ya/’ats/detl).

pass ‑‑‑‑Ya lhezugha?

sulh

dur	zulh	zulh	zulh	zulh
mom	ziilh	zulh	ziilh	ziilh

d-H‑zulh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Duzulh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dinzulh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mìsdzįįh duzulh. [PA *‑žəl “yell, shout” (L87)]

mìsdzįįh duzulhii n. ʘ^ma (Strix varia) ‑‑‑‑Mìsdzįįh duk’ądza la duzulhii ’òòye. ʘ^ma

P‑ku#d-H‑zulh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Mukudoonzulhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukudidiinzulhǫ? ʘ^ma

impf with 3sg object of postposition. (1s mukuduszulh, 2s mukudin‑, 3s yuku‑, 1p mukuts’idu‑, 2p mukudah‑, 3p mukaghdu‑) ‑‑‑‑Sinii mukuduszulh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukudinzulh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yukuduzulh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukuts’iduzulh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukudahzulh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukaghduzulh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Eileen Edna kuduzulh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukudazulh.

P‑gha#’-ziilh v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Na’usziilh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya’uziilh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma gha’inziilha? ‑‑‑‑Sąs gha’iizulh.

sul# inc.

> sul-è#H-da “sg. holler while sitting” see under da³

> P‑zul-u#w-d‑nii “P hollers around” see under nii¹

> sul-e#d-H‑tl’e “run hollering” see under tl’a

> sul-e#d-D‑ya “walk hollering” see under ya³

sųlh

d-zųlh v. ‑‑‑‑Widuzųlh.

ts’-h‑sųlh v. ‑‑‑‑Wits’ehsųlh.

sul, siilh warm

mom	ziilh	zììl	zulh	ziilh
neu	zul			.
prog	zulh

‑zulè’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune muzulè’ muk’eh ninlįį. [PA *səɬ “sweat” (KL)]

H-zul v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Suzul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wèhzul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suzul ’ii tl’ǫh ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑’Iihts’ii suzul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį ts’ìì’ònè suzulii ’èh too nùstlǫ ghudǫ. ‑‑‑‑Sinzulo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suszul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwà’ suszul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudowa tììyè’ wèhzulo? ʘ^ma [PA *n-zəl “be hot” (L87)]

zul, zule adj.

’iihts’ii zule n. ‑‑‑‑’Iihts’ii zule nùts’ii. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’iihts’ii zule see ts’ii² (under ’iihts’ii).

too zul n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda ts’unè’ ’inhbets ’ii tl’ǫh mitoo zulè’ ’indǫ.

n-ìì‑zììl v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Tazowe nawnàdzulh.

mom ‑‑‑‑Nunìndziilh. ‑‑‑‑Winììzììl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nawnììdzììl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla nunìsdzììl. ‑‑‑‑Nawnòòdziilhii. For further example(s) of mom see dìì’² (under kwùn dìì’).

fut (1s nudnàasdzulhe, 2s nudnìin‑, 3s nudnà‑, 1p nuts’idnà‑, 2p nudnàah‑, 3p naghdnà‑) ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo kwùn dìì’ nudnàasdzulhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii lǫ̀’ nudnìindzulhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii joo nudnàahdzulhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo kwùn dìì’ nuts’idnàdzulhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùn dìì’ naghdnàdzulhe. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑Tii nunììhsììl. ‑‑‑‑Nawnòònhsiilh.

zììla adj. ‑‑‑‑kwùn zììla ‑‑‑‑dlòw zììla ʘ^ma

sų̀lh n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑zų̀lhè’) ‑‑‑‑muzų̀lhè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma zų̀lhè’ ’ooht’a? [PA *šə’x̣ɬ “hook” (KL)]

’oosà’ zų̀lhè’ n.

‑dzezų̀lh, ‑dzezų̀lhè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Suma nàats’ut ’ii tl’ǫh dudzezų̀lhè’ lhìiyìts. [cf. ‑dzèè’ “heart”]

‑dawduzų̀lh n. ‑‑‑‑Mudawduzų̀lh wìlę.

> ’Uzų̀lhii Gagàh “Osilinka R.” see under gàh

sun¹

neu	sun/sų/sę	sį̀į̀’	sį̀į̀lh	sų̀’/sę̀’
neu	zun/zų/zę	zį̀į̀’	zį̀į̀lh	zų̀’/zę̀’

u#h-sun v. u# a default prefix, replaceable by more contentful prefixes. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’uyììhsų looht’e. Mitsinlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ninii ’anhsunii looht’e. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of u#h-sun see kèhwilè (under kèhwìlèhda).

u# replaced ‑‑‑‑Muk’àwdnùskǫ̀zaghììhsų. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’èh bàt’ute’aghììhsų! ‑‑‑‑Shòwawììhsų. ʘ^ma

’u#w-ìì‑h-sun v. ‑‑‑‑’Uwììhsų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kedììh ’uwììhsų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo duzàghè’ kedììh ’uwììhsę. ‑‑‑‑Sutę ’uwììhsų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udìsts’ugh ’uwììhsų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii gwuda suda ’uwììhsų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mawute’e ’èh dudììtlah ’uwììhsų. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ’u#w-ìì‑h-sun see ’įį² (under pf).

y-n‑zun v. ‑‑‑‑Yiniinzun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yiniinzunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yiniinzų gòòlìì ’udoo mindììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùdoodònììsį̀į̀ yinuszun. For further examples of y-n‑zun see dè (under what); dù² (under what). [PA *yi:nə#zən “think, want” (L87)]

P‑ku#y-n‑zun v. (neu) noun or verb argument; if P is wu‑, verb argument must be optative, otherwise imperfective. verb argument must end in L tone; ku-y ‑‑> kay.

nominal object: ‑‑‑‑Mukayniinzę. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mukayts’iniizį̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ kayniiszį̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Khuzàghè’ zǫh wukayniizų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukaydnaszį̀į̀lhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mewitsį̀į̀’. Ya ka ’òòna kaynoozų̀’a? For further example(s) of nominal object see dǫ̀h (under tachǫh dǫ̀).

impf (1s mukaynuszun, 2s mukaynin‑, 3s yukaynii‑, 1p mukayts’inii‑, 2p mukaynah‑, 3p mukayghnii‑) with 3sg object of postposition. ‑‑‑‑Di’òònà’ kunaynudzun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya kayniinzuna? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukaynuszun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mukaynuszų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mukaynuszun. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Mukayts’iniizun. ‑‑‑‑Ya kayniinzų? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wukayniizų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Di’òònà’ kayniizun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùs’ǫ dànèt’ea kayniinzuna?

optative verb argument: ‑‑‑‑Wu’ǫ̀’ìì wukaynuszun. ‑‑‑‑K’oobęhii koodoo’į̀į̀hìì wukayniizun. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tsuts doosch’ilìì wukaynuszų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo koondììhìì wukayniinzų. ʘ^ma

imperfective verb argument: ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo ’udoo kesdììhìì kaynuszų. ʘ^ma

P‑ghǫwa#y-n‑zun, P‑wą#y-n‑zun v. (neu) no perfective. ‑‑‑‑Nǫwaynuszun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mǫwaynuszun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mwąynuszun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì nwąynuszun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Numa ghǫwayniinzunǫ? ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ wąynuszun. ʘ^ma [from Kaska]

P#w-zų v. ‑‑‑‑Muyawuzę. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kooyè kunudiskìt da muyawuzų. (Moose hide tanning)

sun²

w-d‑zun v. ‑‑‑‑Widuzun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ la widuzun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wuts’iduzun. For further example(s) of w-d‑zun see ts’eh (under dewuts’eha?).

sùn n. ʘ^ma [PA *sə’m’, *tsə’m’ “star” (L87)]

Sùn chow n.

zùn

‑zùnè’ n. ‑‑‑‑muzùnè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑gat zùnè’

‑ts’ezùnè’ n.

zus

P‑e#d-d‑zus v. ‑‑‑‑Sediduzus. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Wediduzus. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑K’ah nediduzus? ʘ^em

zuz

dur

zuz

zuz

zuz

zuz

O‑zuz v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Lìdii ts’iizuz. ‑‑‑‑Ts’oozuzii. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei [PA *žəž “sip” (L87)]

zùs¹

‑zùs n. ‑‑‑‑’uzùs ʘ^ma ʘ^mc [PA *‑zə’ts’ “skin” (K05)]

skin, hide: ‑‑‑‑tsà’ zùs ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs t’àh suts’ùdè’ k’èsdloos. ʘ^ma

case, covering: ‑‑‑‑’eht’ǫ zùs ‑‑‑‑bes zùs ‑‑‑‑tsììghet zùs ‑‑‑‑’òòna zùs

tsàzùs n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyè wuts’eh la tsàzùs ts’idugeh ’elhèh. ʘ^ma

Wudzįįh Zùs pn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wudzįįh Zùs kwune kèghdììdetl.

Wudzįįh Zùs Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

lìdii muzùsa wìlę n.

‑nè’ zùs n. ‑‑‑‑Nunè’ zùs nidòòwè.

tse zùs n.

tl’àsùs, tl’à’ sùs n.

tl’àsùs¹: For examples for tl’àsùs¹ see ch’ìdè’ (under tu#w-h‑ch’ìdidii); dìì’¹ (under per).

tl’à’ sùs: ʘ^em also tl’ààsùs. ‑‑‑‑Dutl’ààsùs t’ùnaja. ʘ^em

kwùzùs n. (psd ‑kwùzùsè’) ‑‑‑‑Sukwùzùsè’ sùn’ą̀h. Mut’àh wuts’eh tse yedoost’àhii.

Tl’àsùs Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

kehsùs n. (psd ‑kehsùsè’)

> ’uzùs bes “fleshing knife” see under bes

> Kehsùs Cheh “Packsack Cr.” see under cheh

> ’uzùs kat’adzii “hide with hair cut off” see under t’ats¹

> ’uzùs toodat’adzii “hide with flesh cut, scraped out” see under t’ats¹

> ’uzùs kit’adììtl’ǫǫh “stretched hide” see under tl’ǫǫ

> ’uzùs dinììtsòòwii “tanned hide” see under tsooh

zùs²

mom	zùs	zùs	zììs
per	zùs
prog	zùs

d-H‑zùs v. (mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè nudazùs.

per ‑‑‑‑Dòòdii k’ìts’iduzùs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìdinzùs ’uwinhsą? ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Subesè’ sulùboshè’ ts’è’ kùdèhzus lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Nubesè’ nulùbosgè’ kùdazùs. ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è ts’ididèhzùs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùdazùs. ‑‑‑‑Yaàno ’udoo kùduzùs. ‑‑‑‑Sudànà’ supocket kùdazùs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wuts’eh kùdidèhzùs. ‑‑‑‑Kwunudazùs. ‑‑‑‑Kùdoozììsììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma

tl’a#gh-d‑zùs v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Nùtl’aghdazùs. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mukechę̀’ lhetònii ’èh nùtl’aghdazùs. ‑‑‑‑Nùtl’aghdoonzììsììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nùtl’aghdinzììs. ‑‑‑‑Dudìnts’ut dè’, nukechę̀’ ts’ulanlàh dèsǫ nùtl’aghdoonzììsìì.

zut

mom	ziit	zut	zulh	ziit
cont	zut	zut	zut	zut
neu	zut	zut	zut	zut
prog	zulh

‑zut v. (prog) ‑‑‑‑Dèkà’iinzulha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkà’àzulha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nucha dèkà’àzulha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkàwàzulha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzenii dèkàwàzulha? [PA *‑zəd “single subject undergoes cyclical process” (L87)]

P‑ghǫh dzi#d-zut, dze#d-zut v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Sharon Edna ghǫh dzidiizut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna Sharon ghǫh dzidiizut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mughǫh dzighdiizut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sharon ghǫh dzighdiizut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khughǫh dzednazut. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Khuwǫh dzednazut. ʘ^em

ts’i(‑nu)#zut v. (n mom) D-zut ‑‑> dzut. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo khudii khwùdè’ ts’iniiszut. unusual pf negative. ‑‑‑‑Nadìndah. Ts’inundziit.

impf (1s ts’esziit, 2s ts’in‑, 3s ts’e‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ts’esziidììzǫh nawdììgà’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’inziit. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ ts’eziit. Ts’ìì’ònè sutę. ’Uyii ts’iiywą mibiilhè’ ka.

caus ‑‑‑‑Ts’isiniihsut. ‑‑‑‑Ts’inusighniihsut.

cust ‑‑‑‑Earlyt’è’ ts’ezuts. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ kutl’e ts’inudzuts.

dzah nù#zut v. (cont) ‑‑‑‑Sinii dzah nùszut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzah nùzut. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑Dzah nùsehsut. ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e ’uyii ’umawii ch’ila dzah nùsèhsut.

nù#’-d‑n-zut v. ù‑’ ‑‑> àa. ‑‑‑‑Nadnèeszut. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune teh’ine nàadnuzut. ’Udoo yèda tùsulèh.

impf (1s nàadnuszut, 2s nàadinin‑, 3s nàadinu‑, 1p nàats’idinu‑, 2p nàadinah‑, 3p nàaghdinu‑) ‑‑‑‑Nàadnuszut. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nàats’idinuzut. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Duts’unè’ k’èh nàadinuzut. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nàaghdinuzut. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nàadininzudo? ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nàadinahzudo? ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kusk’ehdze la nàats’idnuzut ’ide gòòlii ’its’ididììt’èh.

caus ‑‑‑‑Nàasidnehsut.

nù#H-zut v. (neu) neu indistinguishable from dur with this verb; cf. pl. stand (s‑ neu). ‑‑‑‑Gwuda nùts’azut. ‑‑‑‑’Ide nùdazude. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei

impf (1s nùszut, 2s nun‑, 3s nù‑, 1d nùts’u‑, 2d nàh‑, 3d nàghu‑) ‑‑‑‑Nùszut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùssut. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nunzut. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nùzut. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh dune nùzut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùts’uzut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàhzut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùghuzut. ʘ^ma

opt (1s nawszut/nàooszut, 2s nawn‑, 3s naw‑/nàoo‑, 1d nùts’oo‑, 2d nùwah‑, 3d nàwoo‑) ‑‑‑‑Nawszudii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nawnzudǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nawzudii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nawzudìì wukayniizų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nawzudìì wukayniizun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka nàoozuda? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùts’oozudii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùwahzudǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàwoozudii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàwoozudii wukayghniizų. ʘ^ma

‑duchę̀’ nùzudii n. ‑‑‑‑Didii nuduchę̀’ nùzudii sugàh su’ǫ.

nì#n-zut v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Nìnèzut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nìts’inèzut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune joo nighnèzut. ʘ^ma

’-d‑d-H‑zut v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udidèhzut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii la ’udoo ’udidiziit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’udidaszulhe. ʘ^ma

zùt

‑zùt n. ‑‑‑‑’uzùt ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑nuzùt ‑‑‑‑’Uzùt dudloza. [PA *‑zə’t’ “liver” (K05)]

zutl exp. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑“Zutl” ’ìghidii. ʘ^ei

> zutl d-nii “be quiet” see under nii¹

zuts

dur

zuts

zuts

zuts

zuts

P‑dah idi#d-H‑zuts v. (dur) i or ’i when word-initial. ‑‑‑‑Mudah ’ididuszuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mudah ’ididinzuts. Shòwooht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudah ididuzuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila sudah ididuzuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna dah ’ididaszuts. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda dah ’ididaszuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Idoo yèda dah ’ididaszuts. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Mudah ’idits’idoozudzii.

k’e-dii#O‑n-D‑zuts v. ‑‑‑‑K’ediiniindzuts. ʘ^ma

SH

shòwà’ adv. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (pr shòʹwà’) ‑‑‑‑“Dah, ’ide wuts’è’ shòwà’,” ’èhnii. (Early Travels) ‑‑‑‑K’ah, shòwà’ winyǫ‑ǫ? For further example(s) of shòwà’ see dugh² (under O‑D-dugh).

shòwale adv. ‑‑‑‑Edna shòwale k’edinììh. ʘ^ma

shòwà#, shòwa# vpf. shòwa# when replacing u# (certain verbs). For example(s) for shòwà#, shòwa# see ’į̀į̀h³ (under u# replaced).

shòwà#: ‑‑‑‑Shòwànùts’ii ’èh ’udoo kuda khehtsun. ‑‑‑‑Shòwànuk’ànunustą.

shòwa#: ‑‑‑‑Shòwaladinii. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’ah shòwachow. For further example(s) of shòwa# see sun¹ (under u# replaced).

> shòwa#O‑làh “do good to O” see under làh

> shòwa#d-nii “be right, say correctly” see under nii¹

> shòwa#t’e “be fine, okay” see under t’e¹

> shòwa#d-n‑t’e “take care of oneself” see under t’e¹

> shòwa#n-t’e “be enough” see under t’e²

> shòwats’unè’ “right side” see under ts’un

shoogah, shòògah, shòòga n. [compare ITli shûgà and CJ shu-gah (Hibben), from Eng]

shoogah: (pr shooʹgah) ʘ^mc (psd ‑shoogahè’)

shòòogah: ʘ^ei

shòòga: ʘ^em

> shoogah muk’edak’ǫii “brown sugar” see under k’ǫ

T

ta¹

ta‑ npf. [cf. tah “water”] [PA *ta’: “into water” (KL)]

> tach’ile “kingfisher” see under ch’il

> tagàh “river” see under gàh

> taguze “strait (of water), narrows” see under guze

> ta#h-khùlh “(water) is deep” see under khùlh

> taàmah “shore” see under mah

> tamìlh “fishnet” see under mìlh

> mutayut’eii “baking powder, yeast” see under t’e¹

ta²

P‑ta#’‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑Ts’èh ta’ududzii ’èh gah dowa mìlh ’uyeh’įį. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Yita’uduts. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Suchidle kwune ’ùkoo soonè’ taghudùlh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kwùn gàh ’ùkoo tsà’ tats’ehgwun. ʘ^em

P‑ta#n‑ vpf. (gh mom) attaches to succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑Yutaniihch’il. ‑‑‑‑Yutanii’òòn. ‑‑‑‑Dists’ii taniitatl. ‑‑‑‑Besdun dùnèt’e mukayniinzų ta’inhtsįįh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of P‑ta#n‑ see ’èts (under mom). [< tu#’‑]

(lhu‑)ta#d‑ vpf. (s) attaches to succ verbs. also lhutu‑. ‑‑‑‑Gah lhutadèeslòò’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dusdlęha lhutadèeslòò’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dude lhutadèes’òòn. ‑‑‑‑K’à’ ’èh gah lhutaghdèhtàts. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wutadistsįįh. ʘ^ma For further examples of (lhu‑)ta#d‑ see dzots (under mom); lhoowe.

w-ta#w‑ vpf. (n) ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wutawdèk’ądza. ‑‑‑‑Wuk’eh wutawdèt’ela. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo gat tawdèk’ądza. [< wu‑ + tah]

> P‑ta#(n‑)ghǫ “kill, beat up pl. P, all of P” see under ghǫ

> P‑ta#w-n‑h-yhǫ “raise pl. P” see under yheh

tą¹ look, see

dur

tą

tą̀’

tą̀lh

tą̀’

P‑k’à#(n‑)h-tą v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Muk’àniihtą̀’ de’, dèkawdeha? ‑‑‑‑Muk’àndinastą̀lhe. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’udoo sà’è nuk’àndinastą̀lhe. ‑‑‑‑Nuk’ànunoostą̀’ììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wook’ànunoostą̀’ììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas k’ànoostą̀’ìì wukaynuszų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhuk’ànunoostą̀’i sį̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuk’ànts’inootą̀’ììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhuk’ànts’inootą̀’ììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukǫh wuts’àdzè’ wuk’ànanoontą̀’ii. ʘ^ma [PA *n-ta:‑ŋ “move eyes, look, search” (L87)]

impf with 3sg object of postposition. (1s muk’ànustą, 2s muk’àninh‑/muk’ành‑, 3s yuk’àneh‑, 1p muk’àts’ineh‑, 2p muk’ànah‑, 3p muk’àghneh‑) ‑‑‑‑Muk’ànustą. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Ǫ, gwuda la ka’ììhlhah. Muk’ànustą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’ànhtą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’àninhtą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yuk’ànehtą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’àts’inehtą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’ànahtą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’àghnehtą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ wuk’ànhtą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ wuk’ànahtą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Iibèh dǫ̀h yhììh k’ànehtą. ‑‑‑‑Looking glass ’ǫ̀dzè’ ’uduk’àdnintą. double refl marking.

P‑ka nù#n-D‑tą v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Muka nùnintą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwa wuts’eh dude joo ka nùts’inutą. ‑‑‑‑Yuka nùnatą̀’. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wisch’ìlè’ jidè’ ka nùnoostą̀’ìì wukaynuszų.

tą²

‑tą n. (voc ’ustą) (pr ’ustąʹ) ʘ^ma (esta “my paternal uncle, ...step-father” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑Didii la ’ùstą looht’e. [PA *ta’:ye: “paternal uncle” (K05)]

tà’

‑tà’ n. (voc ’utà’) ‑‑‑‑lhoowe tà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utà’ kwune t’ah ’òòyaslę. [PA *ta’ “father” (K05)]

Khutà’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc

’utàwii n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑etàwii) ‑‑‑‑metàwii ʘ^ma

tachǫh n. (pr tachǫʹh) ʘ^ma

tomorrow: ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh nuk’ànunoostą̀’ììsį̀į̀. ‑‑‑‑Yahdighè tachǫh ts’idoodèlii. ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh la nudasdalhe. ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh sǫ kwùtah k’oosdahii. ʘ^ma

yesterday: ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè tse k’eh dzè’ ’uskewa ’ujidùsdetl, tachǫhììt’è’. ʘ^ma

tachǫh kòòh tachǫh n. ʘ^ma

> tachǫh dǫ̀ “yesterday” see under dǫ̀h

> tachǫh kutl’e dǫ̀h “last night” see under dǫ̀h

> tachǫh wutl’ǫh “day after tomorrow” see under tl’ǫh

> tachǫh wutseh “day before yesterday” see under tseh

> tadįįdze “middle” see under dįįdze

> tadòòsda (zǫza) “sandpiper” see under tasdòòsda

> tàdudzè’ “driftwood pile, log jam” see under duts¹

> tadut’e “three” see under t’e²

tàdla

d-h‑tàdla v. ‑‑‑‑Dehtàdla. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mubùt dehtàdlajàh.

tse dehtàdla n.

dlas dehtàdla n. [from Eng glass]

tah¹

‑tah n. ‑‑‑‑mutah ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Ya mutah kayniinzuna? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda mutah kaynuszun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninjoo mun tah k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse tah nùdèl. ‑‑‑‑Gòòle tah muk’ànustą. ‑‑‑‑Chuba t’oodzè’ ’inhbets ’ii tl’ǫh mutòò’ tah dzè’ nadin’òts. ‑‑‑‑Dichin tah widuk’ądza. ‑‑‑‑Ya taha kìilįįa? ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze khutah wu’ahè’ ’udoo kooht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khutah wudunè’ laht’e. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑tah see t’e¹ (under impf¹). [PA *tαx̣ “among” (L87)]

kwùtah n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùtah ts’è’ dèhya. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’wèdè’ kwùtah nududah. ‑‑‑‑Dune ts’oodoodèhii wuka kwùtah k’ès’ą̀h.

kwùtahii n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei

Tse Tah n. ‑‑‑‑Tse Tah wudunè’ zàghè’ kesdììh.

‑tsìstah n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Sitsìstah wughwùsa. For further example(s) of ‑tsìstah see yhòtl (under ìì‑yòtl).

’iihtahii num.

mutahii num.

lhìghè’ mutahii num.

> Gat Tahii Kìilįį Ts’elę̀’ “Tree Cr.” see under lįį¹

tah² water [cf. ta‑ “water”]

> Tahcheh “Whitewater” see under cheh

> tahtl’ah “head of lake” see under tl’ah¹

> ‑tahnoh “across from” see under nòn²

tahsįįhe n. (pr tahsįįʹhe) variant of tsahsįįhe. (Anas americana)

tajwàa n. (pr tajwàaʹ) ʘ^ma For example(s) for tajwàa see t’e² (under lhèkwet’e).

tak’àtl n. (pr tak’àʹtl) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tak’àtl ’èh k’wùnadehtsùgh. [compare ITli tâx’áɬ’, tâxh’áɬ’ (C)]

> tak’àtl ts’èhè’ “thread” see under ts’èh

tal play

dur

tal

tal

tal

tal

ki#n-ìì‑D-tal v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Kinàstal. ‑‑‑‑Kighdnàtale. ‑‑‑‑Kits’inòòtalii.

impf (1s kinèstal, 2s kinìin‑, 3s kinè‑, 1p kits’inè‑, 2p kinàh‑, 3p kighnè‑) unusual rising tone in 2sg form. ‑‑‑‑Kinèstal. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tazowe kinìintal. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kinètal. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Kits’inètal. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kighnètal. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kinètalii zǫh ’edììh. ‑‑‑‑Di’òònà’ ’èh kinètal. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wudah khą̀hdzìì’ ts’òòdane kighnètal. ‑‑‑‑Lhèh kighnètal, lhìnaghdììt’às.

mèh kinètalii n. ʘ^ma can be conjugated for subject and object. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo mèh kits’inètalii ’udoo tudahlèh. ʘ^ma

talha

tse chow dehtalha n. ʘ^ma (Histrionicus histrionicus)

tse chow dehtalha tsudla n. ʘ^ma (Oxyura jamaicensis)

talà’ n. (pr taʹlà’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Talà’ k’eh gwuda la.

talę̀’ n. (pr talę̀ʹ’) ʘ^ma (Podiceps grisegena or Aechmophorus occidentalis)

tasdòòsda n. (pr tasdòòsdaʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Actitis macularia) tadòòsda in derivatives.

tadòòsda (zǫza) n. ʘ^ma (Actitis macularia)

tadòòsda chow n. ʘ^ma (Gallinago gallinago)

tasdlęha n. (pr tasdlęʹha) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tasdlęha kùsiihkhàts.

> tasdlęha kǫh “anthill” see under kǫh

> taskwùsda “chipmunk” see under kwùsda

tazowe n. (pr tazoʹwe) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“Tazowe dèkawiiht’a?” “’Uwute’e.” ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tazowe sinhla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tazowe dzè’ dèhya. [cf. ‑zow “frost”]

> tazowe kǫh “outdoor camp” see under kǫh

tatl kick

mom	tàl	tatl	tàlh	tàl
cont	tàl	tatl	talh	tàl
dur	tàl	tatl	tàlh	tàl

O‑d-tatl v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Udèestatl. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’udastàlhe. [PA *ta:tl’ “kick” (L87)]

O‑tatl v. (succ mom) ‑‑‑‑Yukaniitatl. ‑‑‑‑Mìnustatl. ‑‑‑‑Mik’oosustatl. ‑‑‑‑Maàdnustatl.

nù#O‑d-tatl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, nùdintàl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yutl’àdè’ naydùstatl. ‑‑‑‑Nùdoostàlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùsidoontàlììnò. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį nùdùstatl.

tàts¹ break

mom	tàs	tàts	tàs	tàs
per	tàs	tàs	tàs	tàs
prog	tàs

tàs n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tàs ’èh ma’ustàs.

‑tàts v. (succ mom) ‑‑‑‑Tun dùstàts. ‑‑‑‑Tun dàtàse. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tun ’ìdà’è katàts. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii bottle lhik’etàts.

caus ‑‑‑‑Mik’oodinhtàs. ‑‑‑‑Mik’oo’ustàts. ‑‑‑‑Tudniihtàts. ‑‑‑‑Tse lhìihtàts. [PA *ɬ-tα’č’ “poke with sharp pointed object, tattoo” (L87)]

O‑h-tàts v. (succ

sem ‑‑‑‑Khutsehdzii diih k’à’ ’èh sehtàts. ‑‑‑‑K’à’ ’èh diih siihtàts.

mom ‑‑‑‑K’à’ ’èh diih k’e’inhtàs. ‑‑‑‑K’à’ ’èh diih k’eghiihtàts. ‑‑‑‑Tàs ’èh ya’iihtàts. ‑‑‑‑Mìniihtàts. ‑‑‑‑Tàs ’èh yayiihtàts. ‑‑‑‑Diih ’unudèhtàts. For further example(s) of mom see ta² (under (lhu‑)ta#d‑).

> tàst’ul “arrow feather” see under t’ul

tàts²

‑tàts v. (mot) [from TsK’?]

mom ‑‑‑‑Nùdùstàts. ‑‑‑‑Kì’ììtats. ‑‑‑‑Yìdahdze kìna’ììtàts.

’-h‑tàts v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Naghahtàs.

per ‑‑‑‑Tlįį k’e’ehtàs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsòòwìì sulèè’ k’e’ehtàs.

mom ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è ’udèhtàts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè yàsehtàts.

tawìì num. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì gwudzè’ tawìì nùsusya. ‑‑‑‑Tawìì ’udèes’òòn. [from TsK’?]

> tawnèhtsòòs “sideways gully, depression leading uphill to the side” see under tsoos

taywèdzè’ num.

te¹ effort?

> te#O‑dugh “chase, run after O” see under dugh¹

> te#d-D‑dlòw “laugh hard” see under dlòw

> te#gh-D‑lii “be arrogant, boast” see under lii¹

te², tę¹ classify animate

mom	tèh	tę	telh	tèh
per	teh	teh	telh	teh
neu	tę	tę̀’	tę̀lh	tę̀’
cont	tę	tę	tę̀lh	tę̀’
prog	telh
cust	teh

O‑h-te v. (clf-mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Truck ’èh nusighahtelh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uska sugahè’ sughǫh lhunahtelh. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìsighehteh. ‑‑‑‑Skidoo ’èh k’ìsehteh. ‑‑‑‑Andreas lhunadalh dè’, yìdè’è Muna ts’è’ k’ìts’oohtehii, gwuda lìdii ts’oozuzii dowa.

mom ‑‑‑‑Tlįį ’ughadìnhtèh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tlązii màstèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna mugahè’ mùnunhtèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too yidèhtę. ‑‑‑‑Tlązii yutuninììhtę. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Ya nuk’eh nìniihtęa? ‑‑‑‑Chaba dunudììhtę. ‑‑‑‑Dunudìnhtèh. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè nùsiihtę. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdiì mugahè’ mùnuniihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune kwudahtęlhe. ‑‑‑‑Tlązii yàwehtèhii.

kù‑tl’à#O‑gh-h‑te v. (gh mom) tl’à ~ tl’ù variation. ‑‑‑‑Ma kùtl’ànighiihtęa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune kùtl’àsighiihtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kùtl’ùghinhtèhii tl’ǫh muludzàawindleh. ʘ^ma

cust¹ ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ kùnutl’àsighehteh.

‑tl’a#w-ìì‑te v. ‑‑‑‑Yutl’awìtę. ʘ^ma

too-nu#’-d‑D-te v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Toonadintèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too suzulii tah toonudintèh. ‑‑‑‑Toonadnustę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Toonadnìintęǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Toonadètę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna too ’ubedzii tah toonadahtelhe. ‑‑‑‑Toonadoostèhii.

yhììh kù#O‑h-te, yhììh k’ì(‑na)#O‑ìì‑h-te v.

yhììh kù#O‑h-te: ‑‑‑‑Edna yhììh kùsiihtę. ʘ^ma

yhììh k’ì(‑na)#O‑ìì‑h-te: ‑‑‑‑Andreas yhììh k’ìsììhtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla yhììh k’ìna’ììhtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune mik’idasdìì’. Yhììh k’ìì’ììhtę. ʘ^ma

nu#n-te v. (mom s) ‑‑‑‑K’ah, nunutèhǫ? ‑‑‑‑Nunùstę. ‑‑‑‑Naghnùstę. ‑‑‑‑’Udnèesdǫ. Satiiyawìjàh. Nudnastelhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dude nusodnùstę. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììyìnèestę̀’. For further example(s) of nu#n-te see dè’¹ (under dè’²).

cust² ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ lhèhgą̀hèt’è’ nunuteh. ‑‑‑‑Khuye tadįįdze nusodnuteh. ‑‑‑‑Dune dowa tinats’ididlii nuts’inutehda, ’ii tl’ǫh lhiih’èh tinuts’ididlii. ʘ^em For further examples of cust² see ’ą² (under dìghda’ą̀’); loos (under mom).

nù#tę v. (cont) ‑‑‑‑Nùghutę. ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ dzah nùsutę. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wilhidììhda wintsuts. Dzah nawntę̀’ììsį̀į̀.

nù#d-tę v. ‑‑‑‑Nùdutę.

nù#d-n‑tę v. ‑‑‑‑Lhonè’ nudnèestę̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune naghdnùstę̀’. ʘ^ma

tsiku#d-d‑H-te v. ‑‑‑‑Nuka tsikudidustèh. ‑‑‑‑Tsikuts’ididutèh. ‑‑‑‑Tsikuts’ididèhtę.

D-tę v. (pos neu) ‑‑‑‑Tazowe tlązii sutę. ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e zǫh ’uwute’e sustę. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii supanè’ muts’ùdè’ ’èh sustę. ‑‑‑‑Sutę da ’udoo mà’inyìs. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wìtsį̀į̀’ìì sustę ’èh shòwà’ ghustę̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè Bower Creek gàh ts’atę̀’. (Grizzly Story) [PA *te:‑ŋ “sg. animate lies conscious” (L87)]

dune yuk’eh sutę n. ‑‑‑‑Dune yuk’eh sutę looht’e. ʘ^ma

nu#D-tę v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uska gwuda ya’ììts’ut. Dòòdii kwùla nusutę.

ya#d-ìì‑tę v. ‑‑‑‑Taàmah yadììtę.

’u-nu#d-d‑H-te v. ‑‑‑‑Dale Kǫh la dune gàh ’unaghdidèhtę. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo ’unadidèestę. ʘ^em

ts’ǫǫh-e#H-tę v. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ǫǫhèhtę. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane gwa ts’ǫǫhèhtę. Ya ka sǫ dits’ǫǫhìì. ʘ^ma

te³

tets’ì#d‑ vpf. (s) ‑‑‑‑Tets’ìdùs’ut. ‑‑‑‑Tets’ìnudinhkhàl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas lhoowe tets’ìnudèhkhàtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe tsìì’ tets’ìdèesdul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe tsìì’ tets’ìdùsdul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tets’idoonhkhàlìì wukayniinzų? [cf. teh‑ “under water”, ts’è’ “to”]

tę̀’

‑tę̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑Sutę̀’ k’oodidììh.

bes tę̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑Bes tę̀’ ’èht’e. ‑‑‑‑Gòòle sugwunii dut’elii bes tę̀’ ’ute’e. [PA *te’, *ti’, *ti’:n’ “bow, handle” (KL)]

> bes tę̀’ tl’oolh “bow string” see under tl’oolh

te’e

’-te’e v.

impf (1s ’uste’e, 2s ’in‑, 3s ’u‑, 1p ’uts’u‑, 2p ’ah‑, 3p ’ughu‑) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’ech ’ute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑Sudowa ’inte’e. ‑‑‑‑Dzenèes ’uwute’e. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune, dune ’ute’e ’ulę. ʘ^ma

’uwute’e adv. ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e ’inht’ès. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uwute’e ladinii. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uwute’e ladahnii. Witsį̀į̀’ii ladahnii.

P‑gha#’-te’e v. ‑‑‑‑Na’ute’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nulèè’ na’ute’ǫ? ʘ^ma

P‑gha#w-te’e, P‑nu#w-te’e v. ‑‑‑‑Mawute’e. ‑‑‑‑Nawute’ǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Àtse ’udoo mudowa ’uwute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khunawute’e. ʘ^em

with sentential argument ‑‑‑‑Nuk’ànunustą sawute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzèh dinu’àl da mawute’e. ‑‑‑‑Kats’ììhlhah da khawute’e. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe tùslehda sawute’e. ʘ^ma

P‑ts’è’ ’u#te’e, P‑ts’u#te’e, P‑ts’a#te’e v.

P‑ts’è’ ’u#te’e: ‑‑‑‑Wuts’è’ ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑Wuts’è’ ’inte’ǫ?

P‑ts’u#te’e: ‑‑‑‑Wuts’inte’ǫ? ‑‑‑‑Ka’ìnhlhahii ts’inte’e.

P‑ts’a#te’e: ‑‑‑‑Ya ts’ate’a? ‑‑‑‑Ka’ììhlhahii ts’ate’e. ‑‑‑‑Wuts’ate’e. ‑‑‑‑Winùstlǫ da wits’ate’e. ‑‑‑‑Dànòn ’ute’e. ’Ide zǫh la wits’ate’e. ‑‑‑‑Nùdzùt da wuts’ate’e.

teh under water

> tehdladè’ “underwater grass” see under dlat²

> tehmìlh “fishnet” see under mìlh

> tehkahje “frog” see under tehkahje

> tehtsà’ “water insect” see under tehtsà’

> teht’adzè’ “yellow pond lily” see under t’ats¹

tehkahje n. (pr tehkaʹhje) ʘ^ma [< teh‑ “under water” + kahje “?”]

Tehkahje Twè’ pn. ʘ^ma

Tehkahje Nutlwą, Tehkahje Munè’ pn.

Tehkahje Nutlwą: ‑‑‑‑Chehkahje Nutlwą ʘ^lt

Tehkahje Munè’: ʘ^ma

Tehkahje Nutlwą Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

> tehkahje dut’ona “little brown bat” see under dut’ona

> tehkahje ’iilà’ “clumsy hand” see under iilà’

> tehkahje jìjè’ “creeping snowberry” see under jìje

> Tehk’ak’ùsgè’ “Rats L.” see under k’ùsgè’

tehmè’ n. (psd ‑tehmè’) ‑‑‑‑sutehmè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mutehmè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tehmè’ ’ide su’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nutehmè’ nudindloos. ‑‑‑‑Mutehmè’ t’àh mudowa ’uwute’e winlèh. ʘ^ma

tehtsą n. (pr tehtsąʹ) ʘ^ma (Falco sparverius)

tehtsà’ n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsòòwìì tàamah tehtsà’ nùstlǫ. [< teh “in the water” + tsà’ “beaver”]

tehtsà’ mudè’ wìlę n. ʘ^ma

teghe adv. (pr teʹghe) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Teghe k’èdah. ‑‑‑‑Gat teghe nii’ą. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda teghe nii’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìtsè’è too ghàkhah gwudzè’ zǫh kuda teghe nùzut.

tel

‑telè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mutelè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii ’wèdè’ dutelè’ k’èh dzah nùzut. ʘ^ma [PA *te:le’ “spleen” (K05)]

tèl

tèlè’ adv. (pr tèʹlè’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tèlè’ suda. ‑‑‑‑Tèlè’ sintę.

nòòhtèlè’ adv. (pr nòòhtèʹlè’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ nòòhtèlè’ tùsustl’a. ‑‑‑‑Nòòhtèlè’ gwudzè’ tùsugèt. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo noohtèlè’ nunzut. Muts’è’ nin’ą. Moonle. ʘ^ma For further examples of nòòhtèlè’ see ’įįh¹ (under kwus’įįh); tune (under h-tune).

yoohtèl n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑yoohtèlè’) ‑‑‑‑Miyoohtèlè’ looht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dude zùs yoohtèl ghidètę. ‑‑‑‑Siyoohtèlè’ gwudzè’ sehtsoos. [PA *te’:ɬ “mat” (K05)]

> tèlèda’ą̀’ “on one’s side” see under ’ą²

tets pl recline

cont	tès	tets	tès	tès
mom	tès	tets	tùs	tès
neu	tets	tets	tets	tets
cust	tùs

h-tets v. (pos neu) ‑‑‑‑Ghiihtets. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda ghidahtedze. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo gwuda woohtedzìì wukayghniizun. [PA *te:č’ “pl. animate lie” (L87)]

impf (1p ts’ehtets, 2p sah‑, 3p gheh‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ghehtets. ‑‑‑‑Dune sehtets. ‑‑‑‑Dune lèè’ tazowe sehtets.

nu#n-h‑tets v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Naghnèhtets. ʘ^ma

dist ‑‑‑‑Nùnaghnèhtets.

nù#h-tets v. (cont) ‑‑‑‑Nùghehtès. ‑‑‑‑Ya ghǫha nùdahtèsa? ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo nuts’idnahtùse. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑Deèdza dichin tah k’ìts’udùlh da, kǫh ’awts’idèh’įį da kooyè la nùts’ehtùs.

nù#d-h‑tets v. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune naghdehtès.

nù#d-n‑h-tets v. ‑‑‑‑Naghdnèhtets. ʘ^ma

ti¹

ti# vpf. (s neu

clf ‑‑‑‑Tisu’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzį̀į̀s tisu’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzį̀į̀s too’ǫ̀’ììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma

pos ‑‑‑‑Tisinda. ‑‑‑‑’Ide tisuda. Too tah kinètal. ʘ^ma

ti#n‑ vpf. (s neu) occurs with pos verbs. ‑‑‑‑Toodzè’ tinùsda.

ti#n‑ vpf. (s mom) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Tinùslàt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khelà’ tinooladììsį̀į̀. ‑‑‑‑Tinèhts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ mama tinùsbę.

ti# vpf. (n mom

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Katsìdla mutah tinlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tiìnii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe tsìì’ tiniila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tiìniila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe tsìì’ tiniihyhìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie tsìì’ tiniihyhìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe tsìì’ tits’iniila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwa ’ii joo yìtsè’è di’òònà’ tiniihkhul. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe dowa dzį̀į̀s tin’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Dzį̀į̀s tahlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tinuts’ut. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tinusts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tits’inii’ats. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of clf-mot see khàtl (under mom).

Old Poole Tinuts’udii Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

mot ‑‑‑‑Tiniiya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ ts’è’ tisiniih’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tits’inuts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sąs ’ech’à’ tinustl’a. ‑‑‑‑Dune ’ìnònè tidayalhe. ‑‑‑‑Kuda taguze tinunègèt.

ti#d‑ vpf. (s mom

mot ‑‑‑‑Tidèesya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tits’idùs’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tits’idùsdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑18‑mile wuts’eh 22‑mile ts’è’ tits’idùsdetl. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sòòne k’e’int’į̀į̀h. Dòòdii k’e’int’į̀į̀h. Tits’idoodèlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tints’idèhghuz. ‑‑‑‑’Ii wuts’eh tints’idùst’ats. ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è tits’idoodèlii, su’èh. ‑‑‑‑Kwa tidasyalhe ghǫh sukǫh nawdniisla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla tidasyalhe ghǫh sukǫh nawdniisla. ʘ^ma

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Tiidùsla.

ti²

P‑ti#d‑ vpf. (gh) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mitidinhgoolh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sitidiihgwutl? ʘ^ma

tich

ya#h-tich v. ‑‑‑‑Yahtich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sǫh yahtich. For further example(s) of ya#h-tich see kutl’e. [PA *ya:#ɬ-təg^y “speak” (L87)]

dist ‑‑‑‑Tlįį yànùghehtich.

tik’oostsìì’a n. (pr tik’oostsìì’aʹ) ʘ^ma (Cottus asper)

tii n. (psd ‑tiiyè’) [compare ITli tì (AT), dì (TC)]

lhèhgą̀h tii n.

Tii Su’ǫ pn.

tii adj. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii tiiya ’èht’e. [PA *təx^y “old (man)” (KL)]

Too Tii pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

tsà’ mitii n. ʘ^ma

Tse Tii pn. ʘ^ma

‑iilà’ tii n.

‑kè’ tii n.

dune tii n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑dune tiiyè’, dim dune tiiya) ‑‑‑‑khudune tiiyè’ ‑‑‑‑Jode zǫh la kwùla dune tii ’usjàh. ‑‑‑‑Dune tii wooweh’ą ’èh gwuda kaghghììhlhah.

Dune Tii Ts’elę̀’ pn.

Dune Tii Sulade pn. ʘ^ma

> tii màsgèt “Hudson Bay tea, labrador tea” see under màsgèt

tįį, tǫ classify rigid

mom	tį̀į̀h	tǫ	tįįlh	tǫ̀’/tį̀į̀h
per	tįįh	tįįh	tįįlh	tįįh
neu	tǫ	tǫ̀’	tǫ̀lh	tǫ̀’
prog	tįįlh
cust	tįįh

O‑tįį v. (clf-mot) The rigid object class consists of rigid one‑ or two-dimensional objects (such as gun, bone, pencil, door, drum), but also boat, vehicle, and skidoo.

prog ‑‑‑‑’Uts’unè’ lhunughatįįlh.

per ‑‑‑‑Di’òònà’ k’ètįįh. For further example(s) of per see d¹ (under didinii).

mom ‑‑‑‑Di’òònà’ sàniitǫ. ‑‑‑‑Si’òònà’ nudìstǫ. ‑‑‑‑Muk’eh ’uts’idèhtǫ. ‑‑‑‑Soosà’ duchę̀’ tudoontį̀į̀hììnò. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uduts’eh kùnuntį̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Sech’à’ wuyèekets. ’Udoo kìnawstį̀į̀hii yòòht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Iize yèekets. Dich’ìt. ’Udoo kìnawstǫ̀’ii yòòht’e. Suk’ǫ̀want’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ tedèhtǫ. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom see ts’upììsa.

cust ‑‑‑‑’Ide joo maghdnìihduts, dunawdììtįįh wudowa. ‑‑‑‑Dasè’ nighghitįįh. ʘ^ma

w-t’ù#d-tįį v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Tsuts wut’ùdintį̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Tsuts wut’ùdiistǫ. ʘ^ma

lhì‑nu#O‑tįį v. (n) very commonly occurs with d‑. ‑‑‑‑Lhìnadniintį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì lhìnadnistǫ. ʘ^ma

caus¹ ‑‑‑‑’Ii door lhìdìiinhtǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhenìinhtǫ. ʘ^ma

dù(‑nu)#O‑d-tįį v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Dùnadìintį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnadnustǫ. ‑‑‑‑Dadnìintǫ. ʘ^ma

h-tįį v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Yìnòdze yus chighnahtįįlh.

mom ‑‑‑‑Chighdnahtįįlhe.

cust ‑‑‑‑Chǫ dehtįįh. ʘ^ma

D-tǫ v. (clf) [PA *ta:n “sticklike is” (KL)]

neu ‑‑‑‑Tazowe sutǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide sutǫ. ‑‑‑‑Selà’ nun k’eh ghutǫ̀’ ghiilè’. ‑‑‑‑Gat tisutǫ.

caus² For examples for caus² see ’ą² (under tèlèda’ą̀’); ’ą² (under yòòwèda’ą̀’).

dùdètǫ n. ‑‑‑‑Tlązii dùdètǫ gàh suda. ‑‑‑‑Dùdètǫ deh si’òònà’ ’inawìsiih’ǫ.

nùstonii, nèstonii n. [compare ST n`tan “windfall”]

nùstonii: (pr nùstoʹnii) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùstonii k’eh dudìsts’ut. ʘ^ma

nèstonii: ʘ^ei

caus³ ‑‑‑‑Mèh k’èsdahii gwudze siihtǫ.

P‑t’a#y-n‑tǫ v. ‑‑‑‑Mut’ayts’inutǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune woot’aynutǫ, ’ùkwune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woot’aynustǫ. ʘ^ma

d-D‑tǫ v. ‑‑‑‑Too diditįįhawìjàh. ʘ^ma

too didùstǫ n.

du#d-h‑tǫ v. (pos neu) also dù#, da#. ‑‑‑‑Mun dudèhtǫ. ‑‑‑‑Too dudèhtǫ. ‑‑‑‑Gat dudèhtǫ. ‑‑‑‑22‑mile yìtsè’è ’ii gòòle chow dudèhtǫ tah dzè’ nuts’adùlh.

Gǫ̀ze Tah Dudèhtǫ Mun pn. ʘ^ma

Tse Yiih Dudèhtǫ pn. ‑‑‑‑Tse Yiih Dadèhtǫ ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

Tse Guze Dudèhtǫde pn. ‑‑‑‑Tse Guze Dadèhtǫde ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

Yhìs Guze Dudèhtǫde pn. ‑‑‑‑Yhìs Guze Dadèhtǫde ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

Tse Guze Mun Chow Dudèhtǫ pn. ‑‑‑‑Tse Guze Miighe Chow Dadèhtǫ ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

n-tǫ v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑’Àt nùnatǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Àt dadnììtǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhut dadnììtǫ.

tìì

d-tìì v. ‑‑‑‑Dìstìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii dìstììyii kesdįįh. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’utsudzii tììyè’ dìstìì.

’-d‑d-tìì v. (s) ‑‑‑‑’Udidèhtìì. ‑‑‑‑Khudune tiiyè’ kwune ’ughdidèhtìì. Wook’ǫ̀want’e.

tiiya

> P‑gha tiiya#w-ìì‑D‑’į̀į̀h “P becomes tired” see under ’į̀į̀h³

> P‑gha tiiya#w-ìì‑jàh “P is tired, becomes tired” see under jàh

> P‑gha tiiya#w-ìì‑h-t’e “P is tired” see under t’e¹

tììyè’ adv. (pr tììʹyè’) ʘ^ma

really, too: ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ nùtsut. ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ sugwun. Dininyìs. ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ taghnehyheh. ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ ka’ìslhah. ‑‑‑‑’Ah tììyè’ datsìdla.

actually, in fact: ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ dèkanja? ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ dèkant’a?

tǫ̀’

P‑tǫ̀’ p. ‑‑‑‑Didii ’uyii k’ook tǫ̀’ koonhtsoos. ‑‑‑‑Dichin siilà’ tǫ̀’ kunèzǫz. Sulagǫ̀’ tǫ̀’ kudnukuy. ‑‑‑‑Sugwùt tǫ̀’ wik’oodidììh. ‑‑‑‑Ya tǫ̀’a wik’oodidììha? Sugwùt tǫ̀’, nìdissįį. ‑‑‑‑Sidzį̀į̀sè’ tse tǫ̀’ ghuts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niighǫ̀ǫ̀’ tǫ̀’ nadìngus. ʘ^ma

‑gwutǫ̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑Sugwutǫ̀’ woowiiht’ats.

to’o ono. (pr to’oʹ) the sound of the shot from a small gun such as .22.

toghwus n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma (Mergus merganser) towus if said quickly or casually.

tola n. (pr toʹla) ʘ^ma (psd ‑tolàa) ‑‑‑‑Tola ’èkèh la lìdii ’udììdleh. ‑‑‑‑Nutolàa too ’èh tàdinhmun.

Tola Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

Jam Tola Dusu’ǫde pn. ʘ^lt

tòla

d-tòla v. ‑‑‑‑Dutòla. ʘ^em

tòn¹ hold

dur

tòn

tòn

tòn

tòn

O‑oo-tòn v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Sootòn. ‑‑‑‑’Oots’iitòn. ‑‑‑‑Soodatòne. [PA *u:‑tə’m’ “hold” (L87)]

impf with 3sg object. (1s ’oostòn, 2s ’oon‑, 3s yoo‑, 1p ’oots’oo‑/ts’oo‑, 2p wah‑, 3p woowoo‑) ‑‑‑‑’Oostòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oontòno? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yootòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oots’ootòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ootòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wahtòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Swahtòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woowahtòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wahtònǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woowootòn. ʘ^ma

opt with 3sg object. (1s ’oostònii, 2s ’oontòn‑, 3s yoo‑, 1p ’oots’oo‑/ts’oo‑, 2p ’oowah‑, 3p woowoo‑) ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane ’oostònii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oontònìì wukayniinzunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yootònii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane ’oots’ootònii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane ts’ootònii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oowahtònìì wukaynahzunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woowootònii. ʘ^ma

tòn²

mom

tòn

tòn

tòn

tòn

‑tòn v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Sukechę̀’ lhetòn. ‑‑‑‑’Ukechę̀’ kudnatòn. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mik’oowìtòn. ‑‑‑‑Mik’oowòòtònììnò. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdahdze joo tun katòn. ‑‑‑‑K’inatòn. ‑‑‑‑Tudnatòn. ‑‑‑‑Sunuchinè’ ’edutòn. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gat mughą̀dzè’ kuchighaton lǫ̀. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑tòn see chi¹ (under ku-chi#gh‑).

d-tòn v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ tun dutòn. ‑‑‑‑Tun dùstòn. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla tun datòne. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla tun dootònììsį̀į̀. For further example(s) of d-tòn see màn (under tun mànè’).

toz

P‑k’i#d-ìì‑toz v. ‑‑‑‑Too sik’idììtoz. ʘ^em

toza adj. ‑‑‑‑sąs toza ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑dune toza ‑‑‑‑ts’òòdane toza

Tot’ene prsn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tot’ene dune laghiiht’e. ʘ^ma

too¹

too n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑twè’)

water: ‑‑‑‑nutwè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sutwè’ nudìstl’iit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda too k’eh wìlę. ʘ^ma

river: ‑‑‑‑too gàh? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ ’ii ts’elę too ’ìdììlįį. ʘ^em [PA *tu: “water” (KL)]

Too Chow pn.

‑tòò’ n. ‑‑‑‑jìje tòò’ For further examples of ‑tòò’ see gùts (under too-nu#w-gùts); tl’oolh (under ’idniidzą tl’oolh); ts’oostsęhe.

‑datòò’ n. ‑‑‑‑Mudatòò’ k’e’inhdèh.

dahtòò’ n. ‑‑‑‑Tun k’eh dahtòò’ wìlę.

yus tòò’ n.

chǫ twè’ n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Chǫ twè’ nùdut’ęh.

kwùn twè’ n.

McCook Twè’ pn. ʘ^ma

too# inc.

> took’ehdàà’ “osprey, bald eagle” see under dà²

> too dudzii “whirlpool” see under duts¹

> too dzèè’ “eared grebe, horned grebe” see under dzèè’

> toogàh “river” see under gàh

> too-nu#w-gùts “gargle” see under gùts

> too k’èhdzè’ “downriver, with the current” see under k’èhdzè’

> too nìilįįde “waterfall” see under lįį¹

> too#d-H‑lut “water opens” see under lhut

> too zul “broth, gravy, soup” see under sul

> too-nu#’-d‑D-te “bathe, wash self” see under te²

> Too Tii “Finlay R.” see under tii

> too-nu#O‑h-tsas “mop O” see under tsas²

> too tsughii “loon” see under tsugh

> too tl’oondats’ulhii “whirlpool, eddy” see under ts’ut

> too#d-D‑ya/’ats/detl “sg./du./pl. wade” see under ya³

> too duyonè’ “wave” see under yheh

too²

too#d‑ vpf. (gh ) occurs with succ or oper verbs. ‑‑‑‑Mut’udzè’ toodint’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tooydiits’ùt.

pf (1s toodiis‑, 2s toodiin‑, 3s toodii‑, 1p toots’idii‑, 2p toodah‑, 3p toodii‑) ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs toodiist’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs toodiint’adzǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna ’uzùs toodiit’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs toodiit’ats. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Tooydiit’ats. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo ’uzùs toots’idiit’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs toodaht’adzǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Toowighdiit’ats. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tooghighdiit’ats. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs toowighdiit’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna kwune ’uzùs toowighdiit’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhiihdade kwune ’uzùs toodiit’ats. ʘ^ma

too#n-ìì‑ vpf. () occurs with succ or oper verbs. ‑‑‑‑Tooynììt’ats. ‑‑‑‑Tooynììts’ùt.

‑toost’à’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Utoost’à’ tlįį dowa ’inhgwun.

> mèh twedugedii “flesher, chisel for skinning or fleshing hide” see under gèt

> toohgwuna “bag made of hide with hair left on” see under gwun²

> ’uzùs toodat’adzii “hide with flesh cut, scraped out” see under t’ats¹

too³

> lhì‑too-nu#O‑n-le “fold O in two, close O (book)” see under la²

tòò

tòò#d-ìì‑ vpf. occurs with succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑Tòòydììt’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tòòghighdììt’ats. ‑‑‑‑Tòòydììhyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Tòòydììhch’il. ‑‑‑‑Tòòdìskat. ‑‑‑‑Tòòdììhbììch. ‑‑‑‑Tòòdììhkhàts. ‑‑‑‑Tòòdììh’òòn.

Toodadii pn. (pr Toodaʹdii) ʘ^ma ʘ^lt [from Eng two daddy, literal translation of lhiihba kwune “father and child”? A father and son are said to have died at this lake.]

> toohgwuna “bag made of hide with hair left on” see under gwun²

Toohts’a pn. ʘ^ma

Toohts’a ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

> took’às t’oode “leech” see under t’oode

> took’ehdàà’ “osprey, bald eagle” see under dà²

toonoost’ę̀’ n. (Ondatra zibethicus) [< tun “ice” + ’òòst’ę “marten”, with vocalic and tonal assimilation]

Toonoost’ę̀’ Munè’ pn.

toosdlòzii n. variant of ’oosdlòzii. (Lota lota) ‑‑‑‑Too gàh lhoowe kat’e. Toosdlòzii zǫh tisehtę. [< too “water” + ’oosdlòzii “burbot, ling”?]

tootl ono. the sound of something hard (rock, bullet) hitting water. ‑‑‑‑Tootl dèjàh.

tòòts defecate

conc

tòòts

tòòts

tòòts

tòòts

’-d‑h-tòòts v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑’Udèhtòòts.

tu#’-tòòts v. ‑‑‑‑Ta’intòòts. ‑‑‑‑Sąs ’ech’à’ tusitòòts.

tòòts ono. the sound of diarrhea. ‑‑‑‑Tòòts dèjàh.

toowatàl, toowatùl n. (psd ‑toowatàlè’, ‑toowatùlè’) ‑‑‑‑sitoowatàlè’ ʘ^ma [compare Tahl togatalh, ITli tukh’atâɬ, t’ughatâɬ]

toowatàl: (pr ʹtoowatàl) ʘ^ma

toowatùl: ʘ^ma

Toowatàl Ts’elę̀’ pn.

tu¹ [cf. tah “among”]

P‑tu-nu#d-ìì‑D‑ vpf. occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Wootundììdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wutundììdah. ʘ^ei For further example(s) of P‑tu-nu#d-ìì‑D‑ see tsįįh³ (under dùwèhtsįį).

P‑tu-nu#d-D‑ vpf. (n) occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn tlįį tundèkah. ʘ^em

w-tu#(n‑) vpf. (n mom

succ ‑‑‑‑Wutunètatl.

mot ‑‑‑‑Wutunuts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii kuda sis’òònii ’èh wutunuts’ut. ‑‑‑‑Kuda wutununègèt. ‑‑‑‑Dǫ̀’ k’èh wututs’inukę. ‑‑‑‑Wutawnts’iidììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wutawnts’iidììnò. Suk’èh zǫh ’unt’e.

w-tu#d-n‑ vpf. (s) ‑‑‑‑Wutudnèhts’ut. ʘ^ma

tu#d‑ vpf. (s mom

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Di’òònà’ tudùstǫ. ‑‑‑‑Duts’ahdè’ tuda’ąlhe. ‑‑‑‑Detsùnè’ tudùsla. ‑‑‑‑Tudèesla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sudinii tudùs’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Taydùs’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tudèes’ǫ. ʘ^ma

mot ‑‑‑‑Tuts’idùs’ats. ʘ^ma

pf with H‑ classifier. (1s tudèes‑, 2s tudìin‑, 3s tudèh‑, 1p tuts’idèh‑, 2p tudàah‑, 3p taghdèh‑) ‑‑‑‑Tudèhtl’a. ‑‑‑‑Tudèhya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è tudèhya ’èh minawìsiih’ǫ.

fut (1s tundas‑, 2s tundiin‑, 3s tunda‑, 1d tunts’ida‑, 2d tunudah‑, 3d tunaghda‑) ‑‑‑‑Tundastl’elhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tundiintl’elhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tundatl’elhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tunts’idatl’elhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tunudahtl’elho? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tunaghdatl’elhe. ʘ^ma

> P‑tu#O‑h‑’įį “add O to P, mix O into P” see under ’įį³

> ‑tu#jàh “join, become member of group” see under jàh

> P‑tu#O‑làh “add O to P, mix O into P” see under làh

> ‑tu#ya/’ats/detl “join, become member of group” see under ya³

tu² plural

’utu#gh-ìì‑ vpf. (mom) occurs with succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑Kuda ’utughììt’ats lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Sukè’ ’utughììch’il. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį didòò springtime tsà’ zùs ’utughììhch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yu’èh kinètalììzǫh ’utayghììhch’il. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Bingo tl’ǫh dughukǫh ts’è’ ’utunaghììdùlh. ʘ^em For further example(s) of ’utu#gh-ìì‑ see ya³ (under P‑ì#d-ìì‑ya/’ats/detl).

’utu#gh-n‑ìì‑ vpf. tughn ‑‑> taghn.

mot ‑‑‑‑’Utaghnììkę. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑Dune ’ujǫ da, dune ’ehjit. Dune ’utaghnììkeh. ʘ^ma

clf-mot For example(s) for clf-mot see dul² (under mom).

succ¹ ‑‑‑‑’Utaghnììch’il.

’utu#gh-d‑ìì‑ vpf. (mom) tughd ‑‑> taghd.

succ² ‑‑‑‑’Utusighdììgèt. ‑‑‑‑Sąs ’utaghdììgèt. ‑‑‑‑’Utayghdììgèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utaghighdììgèt. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of succ² see ch’il (under caus).

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑’Utaghdììla. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn taghdìsla.

Mun ’Utaghdììyade pn. ʘ^ma

’utu#gh-d‑n-ìì‑ vpf. occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’utaghdnìnlaa? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’utaghdnììla. ‑‑‑‑Kuda ’utaghdnìsla. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’utaghdnìsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utaghdnòòslèhii. ʘ^ma

> P‑tu(‑nu)#’ą “all P, every P” see under ’ą¹

> tu-nu#d-le “place pl. around” see under la²

> P‑tu#O‑le “pass out, dish out, distribute O (food)” see under la²

> P‑tu#d-h‑ts’ùtl “burn pl. P” see under ts’ùtl²

tù¹

tù# vpf. (s,s mom) tù‑nu optionally becomes tunu.

mot For examples for mot see dį̀į̀de (under P‑ts’i#d-h‑dį̀į̀de); gwudzè’.

prog ‑‑‑‑Tunuts’adùlh. For further example(s) of prog see ka³ (under prog).

mom ‑‑‑‑’Ide la ’uwute’e. ’Ide tùsinkèh. ‑‑‑‑Tundindah. ‑‑‑‑Tùsuya. ‑‑‑‑Tùts’us’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yahdighè la tùnughusdetl lǫ̀. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom see ’èh (under with).

pf with H‑ classifier. (1s tùsus‑, 2s tùsin‑, 3s tùsu‑, 1p tùts’eh‑, 2p tùsah‑, 3p tùgheh‑) ‑‑‑‑Yìtsìdze tùsutl’a. ‑‑‑‑Tùghehtl’a. ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ tùts’ehghuz. ‑‑‑‑’Ehda muchow tùnunèhtlah. ʘ^ma

clf-mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Too tùnaslelh. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Too tunsinkàh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tùyùs’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ tùsiihtę.

pf with nu# iterative. (1s tùnusus‑/tunsus‑, 2s tùnusin‑/tunsin‑, 3s tùnusu‑/tunsu‑, 1p tunts’us‑, 2p tùnusah‑/tunsah‑, 3p tùnughus‑) ‑‑‑‑Too tunsusla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too tunsuskǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ kwune tà’ooslè’ii. ‑‑‑‑Nu’èh ka’òòslhahii dowa tùnususja.

tù#d‑ vpf. (s,s mom) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Tùts’idùs’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tùdèhya. ‑‑‑‑Tùdèesgę. ‑‑‑‑Tundùsja. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì tunts’idùsdetl. For further examples of tù#d‑ see ’èlhòò (under P‑’èlhòò); mun (under ‑mun).

tù#d‑ vpf. (s) ‑‑‑‑Dune mugàh tùdùsmun. ‑‑‑‑Yus nùstlǫii yus tùdùsmun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too tùdèhtlah.

caus ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’oosà’ tùdehmun. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ tùdèhmun. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ tùdèehmun. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe ’oosà’ taghdèhmun. ʘ^mc

P‑tù‑nu#h‑ vpf. (s) occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’utùnasinhkę? ‑‑‑‑Bùdii ’utùnasiihkę. ’Ùkoo dune joo wootùnasiihkę. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ’utùnats’ehkę.

tù# vpf. (mom) occurs with clf-mot verbs; when the object is unknown or unspecified, occurs with ‑la “handle pl.”. ‑‑‑‑’Ech tùsiihtsòòs. ‑‑‑‑Ya tùsinlaa? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda tùslèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dàna tùsula. ‑‑‑‑Tats’usla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tawwùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tùsinlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tùnuslèh. ʘ^ma

> tù#O‑le “contribute O” see under la²

> tù#w-le “make it” see under la²

tù²

tù#d-n‑ vpf. (gh) occurs with succ verbs; tù‑d-n ‑‑> tudn; tù‑y ‑‑> tay. ‑‑‑‑Kooht’e tùsidnoon’esììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna taydnii’èts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ tudniis’èts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dists’ii tudniis’èts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dists’ii tudniisyìts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tudnast’àse. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’uyii kuda tudnii’òòn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gat tudnii’òòn. ʘ^ma For further examples of tù#d-n‑ see ’àtl (under O‑(h‑)’àtl); ’àtl (under O‑(h‑)’àtl).

tù³

> lhi-tù#(w‑)d-n‑D-dèh “mix up words, mix words from different languages, code-switch” see under da⁴

> lhi-tù#d-n‑ke “be tangled up, mixed up” see under ke³

> lhi-tù#O‑d-n‑le “tangle up, mix up” see under la²

> tughulii “drum” see under khul²

tul¹

ketul, kestul n. (psd ‑ketulè’, ‑kestulè’) ‑‑‑‑Mary ketulè’ looht’e. ‑‑‑‑Dukestulè’ nawgùdzìì wukayniizun. [PA *təɬ, *tαɬ “socks” (K05)]

tulasgus n. (pr tulaʹsgus) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lùplet ’wèdè’ tulasgus khuk’eh nìnu’ąh. [cf. gus “barbecue stick”]

> tulasgus ’inawììh’ǫii “white-crowned sparrow, white-throated sparrow” see under ’ą¹

tun¹ ice

conc	tun	tun	tįįlh	tun
mom	tįįh	tun	tįįlh	tįįh
cust	tįįh

tun n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑tunè’) ‑‑‑‑Tun nitsį̀į̀’adììlh. ‑‑‑‑Tun nitsį̀į̀’awadììlh. [PA *tən “ice” (L87)]

tun chow n.

‑tunè’ adj. ‑‑‑‑Mutunè’ ’inawình’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe tunè’ gwuda siih’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn tunè’ sànii’ǫ.

yus tunè’ n.

dahtunè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Dahtunawit’į̀į̀h da, dahtunè’ kaghe ’uwute’e. ’Ah ’ędii k’intl’eh. ‑‑‑‑Dahtunè’ kaghe ’awdidit’į̀į̀h da la, dahyusè’ nùkeh ’elhèh. ʘ^ma

‑tun v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Nun sutun. ‑‑‑‑Nenììtunǫ? ‑‑‑‑Wìsdlii, lhawìì. Wintunii. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑tun see neh (under saneh).

caus ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe siihtun.

‑tun¹ v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Siilà’ katun. ‑‑‑‑Suyèdà’ kudùstun. ‑‑‑‑’Ii too kaghdèhtun. ‑‑‑‑Kaghighdèhtun. ‑‑‑‑Lhìdètun. ‑‑‑‑Siiyìdatun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siiyòònatun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khik’e’atun. ‑‑‑‑Wook’e’atun. ‑‑‑‑Mèh k’èsgòòhii k’e’atun.

P‑uka#n-tun v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Ukanootįįhiisį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wisch’ilè’ nidòòwè dèsǫ, dune ’ukanootį̀į̀hìì. ‑‑‑‑Sukanitįįh. ‑‑‑‑Sukanatun. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Sukadnèhtun. ‑‑‑‑Khukadnatįįlhe.

cust ‑‑‑‑Sukaniihtįįhii ’èh kwùdidèesk’ǫ. Gwuda la nunìsdzììl.

> tun ’edè’ “ice chisel” see under dè’²

> lhoo tun “glacier, ice” see under lhoo

> tun mànè’ “shore ice” see under màn

> tun nun sit’ii “icicle” see under t’ii

tun²

‑dowa P‑e#w-n‑H-tun v. ‑‑‑‑Mewnèehtun. ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ yèlh mewnèehtun. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune gwa mewnèhtun.

‑dowa P‑e#w-n‑H-tun v. ‑‑‑‑Sudowa mewnèhtun. ʘ^ma

‑dowa w-n‑H-tun v. ‑‑‑‑Nudowa winèestun. ‑‑‑‑Nudowa wits’inèhtun. ‑‑‑‑Andreas nudowa winèhtunìì.

tune

‑tune n. ‑‑‑‑’utune ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑gah tune ‑‑‑‑yus k’eh ’utune ‑‑‑‑kǫh wuts’è’ ’utune ‑‑‑‑Mutune wìlę. ʘ^ma [PA *təŋ-e: “path, trail” (L05)]

‑etune n. ‑‑‑‑Kooyè la ’iibèh khetune wìlę. ‑‑‑‑’àtsa’įį ’etune ʘ^ma

’Àtse Davie ’Etune, ’Àtse ’Etune pn.

’Àtse Davie ’Etune: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Àtse Davie ’etune ’ì’ònè ʘ^ma

’Àtse ’Etune: ʘ^ma

‑tune, h-tune v.

‑tune¹: ‑‑‑‑Lhatus ’atune. ‑‑‑‑K’enutune. ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze dlèzhe ’eka’utune. ‑‑‑‑Lhighdììtune. ‑‑‑‑Finlay dàde ka’atune. For further example(s) of ‑tune¹ see nù¹ (under ext).

h-tune: ‑‑‑‑Lhatadèhtune. ‑‑‑‑Lhik’à’ehtune. ‑‑‑‑kadèhtune ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Duz lhìdè’ąde khuyà’ehtune wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nòòhtèlè’ ta’ehtune. ‑‑‑‑Ts’e’ehtune. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Ka’ehtune de ghuyalh. ʘ^em

’Ulgut ’Uyà’ehtune pn. ʘ^ma [< ’Ulgut < Alcock?]

Tse Dzèh Yiih ’Udètune pn. ʘ^ma

kidatune n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kidatune sinh’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kidatune kinàhtal. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh kidatune lhandinadus. ʘ^ma

dàtune n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dàtune kinàhtal. ʘ^ma

danutune n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudze danutune kwiiya. ʘ^ma

dùdzenutune n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ dùdzenutune dzè’ lhints’oot’àsii. ʘ^ma

> tuntl’a “mink” see under tl’a

> tunutl’ah “bottom (of body of water), under water” see under tl’ah²

tus

‑tus n. ‑‑‑‑Nèstonii tus dinyah. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Tse tus dasyalhe. ‑‑‑‑Yah’ònè tse tus kwùn ’òòwììht’e. K’wus sooht’è. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wutus dèhya. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dune tus dèhya. ʘ^em [PA *P‑t@s “beyond, over P” (L87)]

P‑tu#d‑ vpf. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Wutudèestǫ. ʘ^ma

lhatus n. (pr lhatuʹs) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè White dzè’ lhatus ’atune.

lhutu# vpf. (gh mom

mot ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè lhutunyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè lhutahdèl. ʘ^ma

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ lhutaghghiitǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhataghghiitǫ. ʘ^ma slow, emphatic pronunciation where lhu ‑‑> lha.

kutl’e tusdii n. ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e tusdii dèkunt’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e tusdii wuts’è’ la ’uk’oodusdèh. ʘ^ma [PA *tədz(e) “night” (K05)]

> tus dah “on top of a hill” see under dah⁶

tùs¹ cane

mom	tès	tùts	tùs	tès
per	tùs	tùs	tùs	tùs

tùs n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑tùsè’) ‑‑‑‑Tun kaghe k’àhdulh da, ’wèdè’ tùs k’àhtįįh. ‑‑‑‑Mutùsè’ mànuntį̀į̀h. Yu’èh tazowe k’oodahii. For further example(s) of tùs see yè² (under ’ahyè). [PA *tə’ts’ “cane” (K05)]

‑tùsè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mutùsè’ ts’unè’

bes tùs n. (psd ‑bes tùsè’)

w-d‑tùs v. (mot

per ‑‑‑‑K’oodutùs. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’oots’idutùs.

mom ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè wididùstùts. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè wits’ididùstùts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdà’è wudidùstùts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnòne yàwdùstùts. ʘ^ma

tusdezii n. ʘ^ma (Anas acuta)

tùtl break

mom	tulh	tùtl	tulh	tulh
dur	tulh	tùtl	tulh	tulh
conc	tùtl	tùtl.

d-tùtl v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Kwùn dutùtl. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ghighutsudzii sdoh t’ùghighulehda dutùtl. ‑‑‑‑’Udèhtùtl. [PA *l-ta:tl’ “crack, burst” (L87)]

P‑e#d-tùtl v. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’edutùdla? ‑‑‑‑Dichin ’edutùtl.

O‑d-h‑tùtl v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Usk’ookàn tse ghidehtulh. ‑‑‑‑Tse ghidiihtùtl.

‑tùtl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mik’oowìtulh. ‑‑‑‑Tola k’oowùstùtl. ‑‑‑‑Dichin lhik’etùtl. ‑‑‑‑Mewitsį̀į̀’. Mik’oowòòtulhii. ‑‑‑‑Mik’oodàtulhe noodlii.

caus ‑‑‑‑’Udoo muk’oowìnhtulh.

twè’

‑twè’ n. (dim ‑twàazii) (setchwe’ “my daughter, step-daughter” (Jenness, at Fort Grahame)) ‑‑‑‑mutwè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑sutwè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑sutwàazii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didii la sutwè’ looht’e. ‑‑‑‑Sutwè’, ’ii sutsèè’ sùn’ą̀h. ʘ^ma [PA *təme’ “daughter” (K05)]

T’

t’a

’ut’a n. (pl ’ut’ewa) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei Some speakers use ’ut’ewa for the singular. ‑‑‑‑’Ut’a ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑’ut’a zǫza ‑‑‑‑’ut’ewa chow ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’ut’ajàh. [PA *t’e:d(e:) “girl” (K05)]

t’àdii

keht’àdii n. ‑‑‑‑’Usdii keht’àdii t’andint’ès. For further example(s) of keht’àdii see ya⁵ (under P‑k’i#d-ya).

t’ah¹

t’ah adv. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ t’ah nun’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑T’ah ’unundeh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑T’ah yànudèhtl’a. ‑‑‑‑T’ah nusidnèhyòòt. ‑‑‑‑’Ii wuts’eh la kwùla kwùjoo t’ah ’ìdìdze ’unts’ujàh. ‑‑‑‑T’ah kwuniistl’a. For further example(s) of t’ah see tl’òne.

t’u#n‑ vpf. For example(s) for t’u#n‑ see yèlìì.

t’ah² against

ya t’ah n. ‑‑‑‑Ya t’ah k’wus wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Ya t’ah lhìnawdètlah. For further example(s) of ya t’ah see ba’a (under d-ba’a). [< ya “sky” + t’ah “against”]

Tse T’ahii pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma [< tse “mountain” + t’ah “against” + ‑ii “the one”]

Tse T’ah Munè’ pn.

> (‑t’ah) ’òòya#lę “be shy (of), polite (to)” see under le¹

t’ah³ fly

mèh k’èt’ahii n. [PA *‑t’αG “fly” (Leer 1987)] verb no longer used.

t’àh¹

P‑t’àh p. ‑‑‑‑mut’àh ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑ya t’àha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sdoh t’àh ’inht’ès. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Eht’ǫ ’òòna t’àh sula. ‑‑‑‑Tehmìlh t’àh ’udiidòòwè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khut’àh sintę. ʘ^ma For further examples of P‑t’àh see k’ǫ̀ǫ̀s¹ (under k’ǫ̀ǫ̀s); loos (under ’oosdlooza).

P‑t’àh wuts’eh p. ‑‑‑‑Sutehmè’ t’àh wuts’eh ’unìs’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ sack t’àh wuts’eh kìisla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sdoh t’àh wuts’eh kìisla? ʘ^ma

‑iighǫ̀’ t’àh n. ‑‑‑‑miighǫ̀’ t’àh

‑bùt t’àh n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Subùt t’àh keduts’ùlh.

Dot’àhii pn. ʘ^ma

t’àhdze adv. (pr t’àhdzeʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jo t’àhdze ts’uskę. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh t’àhdze kwuts’uskę. ‑‑‑‑T’àhdze kwiiya. ‑‑‑‑’Ide la kǫh ka’ììhlhah. Kǫh t’àhdze ka’ììhlhah. ʘ^ma

> mut’àh ’uts’idèht’ǫii “refrigerator, freezer” see under ’a

> ’oohch’ą̀s mut’àh sulaii “tackle box” see under ’oohch’ą̀s

> P‑t’àh kù‑nu#’-doos “clean inside of P (elongated object)” see under doos

> P‑t’ù# “inside P” see under t’ù²

t’àh²

P‑t’àh p. ‑‑‑‑Lhonè’ wudindèh, ’uyii t’àh noodòòts’ughii dowa. ʘ^em

P‑t’àhdzè’, ‑t’àhdze p. ‑‑‑‑dewà wut’àhdzè’ ‑‑‑‑Yuk’wus t’àhdzè’ kooyè k’ìyehdlòch. ‑‑‑‑Deèdza wut’àhdze ghits’ìdade kesdììh. ʘ^em

> dune ’ut’àhdzè’ ghìda dulehii “freighter, transporter” see under la²

t’àh³

‑t’àh dirsf. ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’èt’àh nudèhtl’a. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’èt’àh nudnèhtlah. ʘ^em

t’agh

‑t’aghè’ n. (dim ‑t’aghàa) ‑‑‑‑mut’aghè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑diih t’aghè’ ‑‑‑‑Mut’aghè’ lhint’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mut’aghè’ lhinyìs. ʘ^ma [PA *t’a’ “wing” (K05)]

t’aghdzè adv. ‑‑‑‑T’aghdzè yà’ìsts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑T’aghdzè nunastlah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑t’aghdzèsgòòh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑T’aghdzèsgòòh dunjàha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑T’aghdzèsgòòh nàasts’ut. ʘ^ma

t’ats¹ cut

dur	t’às	t’ats	t’às	t’às
mom	t’às	t’ats	t’às	t’às
cont		t’ats		.

O‑t’ats v. [PA *t’a:ts’ “cut” (KL)]

dur ‑‑‑‑Linda ’utsigǫ̀’ ’uleh. ’Utsùn ’ut’às. ‑‑‑‑Dune tsuts dut’às. ‑‑‑‑Tsuts didut’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utune wut’às. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Utune woowut’às. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Tsuts didat’àse. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna sudowa tsuts didat’àse. ʘ^ma

pf (1s diist’ats, 2s diin‑, 3s dii‑, 1p ts’idii‑, 2p dah‑, 3p ghidii‑) ‑‑‑‑Diist’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Diint’adzǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts diit’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì tsuts diit’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’idiit’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Daht’adzǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts ghidiit’ats. ʘ^ma

mèh ’ut’àsii n.

mèh ’udut’àsii n.

’ut’adzii n. (psd ‑et’adzii) ‑‑‑‑“Ya ’èha Alec ka’ììhlhaha?” “met’adzii ’èh”

dune tsuts dut’àsii n.

mom ‑‑‑‑Nùyiit’ats. ‑‑‑‑Kawut’às. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo gòòle nunayelhe kut’às. ’Ùkoo chubazii ’èhììt’è’ all kut’às. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdà’è dayalhe da, kawoot’àsii kaghdàhlhalhe. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’utsùn lhint’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ kaghdùst’ats. ‑‑‑‑Tudnint’às. ‑‑‑‑Nudnint’às. For further examples of mom see k’i¹ (under ’uk’i#n-ìì‑); nù³ (under nù#gh-ìì‑).

lhoowe ’uk’inììht’adzii n.

’utsùn tudnat’adza, ’utsùn tudnat’adzii n.

’uzùs kat’adzii n.

’uzùs toodat’adzii n.

O‑h-t’ats v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Mut’àghè’ kùnunht’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yaniiht’ats. ‑‑‑‑Naydèht’ats. ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh mutl’à’ joo ’enììht’ats. [PA *ɬ-t’a:ts’ “cut into shape or pattern” (L87)]

O‑gh-h‑t’ats v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ghighiiht’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suwe ghighiiht’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sugwutǫ̀’ woodaht’àse. ‑‑‑‑Sighiiht’ats.

nu#O‑d-t’ats v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Naydùst’ats.

ts’-t’adza v. ‑‑‑‑Yus ts’ut’adza. ‑‑‑‑Tun ts’ut’adza. ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs ts’ut’adza la tughulii ’ughgheh’įį. [from TsK’/McL]

‑t’udzè’ n. (dim ‑t’udzàa) ‑‑‑‑mut’udzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn t’udzè’ ’ìdè’è tlįį dowa kwinleh. For further example(s) of ‑t’udzè’ see too² (under too#d‑).

teht’adzè’ n. ʘ^ma (Nuphar variegatum)

> tsatsònè’ ’ut’àsii “hacksaw” see under tsatsònè’

t’ats², t’a

‑t’adzè’, ‑t’adze n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Sut’adzè’ wik’oodidììh. ‑‑‑‑Nut’adzè’ wuk’ànhtą. ‑‑‑‑Yut’adze nùzut.

‑t’anùghè’ n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Sut’anùghè’ wìsdlii.

t’e¹ be, do

neu	t’e	t’è’	t’èlh	t’è’
cust	t’e

u#D-t’e v. (neu) u# a default prefix, replaceable by more contentful prefixes. irregular vowel and classifier changes in 3s, 1p, 3p. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane ’udidàt’èlhe. ‑‑‑‑Louie ’awt’è’ii. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’awt’è’ìì ’òòht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Chǫ ’at’è’. ‑‑‑‑Keyiih ’awst’è’ììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma [PA *t’e: “be” (KL)]

impf¹ (1s ’ust’e, 2s ’un/’an‑, 3s ’ooh‑, 1p ’uts’iih‑, 2p ’ah‑, 3p ’ughiih‑) ‑‑‑‑Yu’èh ’ut’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii la ’wèdè’ yu’àat’e la. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna la ’wèdè’ Mary ’èh ’ut’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwà’ jode ’unt’e. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Shòwà’ jode ’aht’e. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dune tah khu’awdut’e da k’ula khawute’e. ʘ^em

u# replaced ‑‑‑‑Deèdzats’ut’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhadzàant’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Maoot’è’a? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dèdat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dèdats’iiht’e. Shòwats’iiht’e. ʘ^ma

impf² with ma “who”. (1s mast’e, 2s man‑, 3s maooh‑, 1p mats’iih‑, 2p mah‑, 3p maghiih‑) ‑‑‑‑Mast’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mant’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma ’ant’a? ‑‑‑‑Maooht’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mats’iiht’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Maht’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Maghiiht’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mu’ǫ̀dzaht’e.

‑dowa#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ nudowat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ mudowast’e. ‑‑‑‑Mudowats’ut’e.

dza#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Dzat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane dzat’e. Dzah k’e’it’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

P‑gha-dza#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Sooh lhònè’ sadzat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Madzant’e. ‑‑‑‑Madzant’e dè’ sǫ nidnoozį̀į̀hìì.

P‑ì#h-t’e v.

impf³ (1s ’èst’e, 2s ’in‑, 3s ’èh‑, 1p ’ìts’ììh‑, 2p ’àh‑, 3p ’ìghììh‑) ‑‑‑‑Nuba ’int’eǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duba ’èht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“’Usk’ookàn kǫh ’òòwììht’e,” ’èhnii. (Early Travels) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sèht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Baba kwune ’ìts’iiht’e. ‑‑‑‑Dune ’unèet’ene lhèht’e, didii nun kaghe. ‑‑‑‑Lhìghiiht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhòòwììht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didii ’èh lhoodàt’èlhe. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of impf³ see dಠ(under took’ehdàà’).

with sentential argument ‑‑‑‑Dune nidòòwè ’òòwììht’e. ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh yus nùditl’iit ’òòwììht’e. ‑‑‑‑Wuk’az ’undadììlhe ’òòwììht’e.

‑dowa ’ì#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda mudowa ’èst’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ dowa ’udoo yèda ’int’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda mudowa ’òòwììht’e. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ dìsts’ugh sudowa ’òòwììht’e. ʘ^ma

ya deht’èka wh. ‑‑‑‑Ya deht’èka k’idnoodzį̀į̀ha? [< dèht’e “resembles self” +ka “for”]

‑gà#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Edna nugàat’e.

(’oo‑)P‑gha-gà#t’e v.

P‑gha-gà#t’e: ‑‑‑‑Sagàghut’e.

’oo‑P‑gha-gà#t’e: ‑‑‑‑’Oosagànt’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oosagàghut’e. ‑‑‑‑’Oonagàst’e. [< ’ooh P‑[gà]

P¹‑ghǫh P‑i-dzoo#h-t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Mughǫh sidzooht’e. ‑‑‑‑Mary nughǫh midzooht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Udughǫh midzooht’e. [< dze “heart” + w‑ areal]

P‑ghǫwa#t’e, P‑wą#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Mǫwats’iiht’e. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei

P‑nu#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Minust’e. ‑‑‑‑Yinooht’e. ‑‑‑‑Mints’iiht’e.

’udugh-ì‑nu#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑’Udughìnooht’e. ‑‑‑‑Sinii ledazǫh ’udughinust’e. ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ ’èh ’udughints’iiht’e.

ku#t’e, ka#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Ya kant’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kunt’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhawìì ’udoo kant’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii zǫh kant’e. Nesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kaht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo la dune kat’e ’elhèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’wèdè’ kant’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii zǫh dèkudast’elhe kesdììh. ’Udoo màda kedììh, sinii zǫh. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo Yukon wu’ahè’, B.C. k’eh wu’ahè’ ’udoo kooht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kawìiht’e la. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usanii kooht’e da mawute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usanii kaghiit’e da wawute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii la ’wèdè’ kaht’e. Ts’ìì’ònè nahtsį̀į̀’. For further examples of ku#t’e, ka#t’e see ’udatl’ǫ̀’; de¹ (under how); tah¹ (under ‑tah).

with dè# ‑‑‑‑Dèkawììht’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkawììht’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkooht’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkaghiiht’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhèhgą̀h dèkawnt’è’a? ‑‑‑‑Khiniich’ah dèkats’oot’àa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkuwiiht’ea?

kooht’e n. ‑‑‑‑Kooht’e ’udoo sudowa ’unleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudzèè’ ’ute’e kwudisdii. Kooht’e gòòlii mudzèè’ nitsį̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Baba ’ii ’òòna kooht’e ’ìdissįį. ‑‑‑‑Chuba k’inè’ joo kooht’e ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑Dune kooht’ene la dune wook’ìts’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kooht’e dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza yįįhdze wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdakhwìì kèhnahdzè’ k’indah. Kooht’e sǫ ’uk’ànoonhtą̀’ìì. ʘ^ma For further examples of kooht’e see nahdzè’ (under ‑nahdzè’); yįįhdze.

kawììht’e n. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kawììht’e kwudisdii. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kawììht’e da wudawdindèh. ‑‑‑‑Sinii ’udoo dude ’ust’e. ’Udoo kawììht’e da wustsuts.

cust ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune kat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii kat’e. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkat’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kat’ajàh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of cust see sǫ (under dèsǫ).

P‑ka#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Too gàh lhoowe kats’ut’e. ‑‑‑‑Jìje kaghut’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsuts kat’e. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe kat’e. ‑‑‑‑Yhèlh ’èh ’ukat’e. ‑‑‑‑Yhèlh ’èh ’ukadat’èlhe. ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh dzè’ dude kawst’è’ dzè’ dasyalhe.

tsà’ kat’eii n. For example(s) for tsà’ kat’eii see dà’² (under ‑dàwìì).

dune ’ukat’eii n.

P‑ku#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe kust’e da sawute’e gòòlìì ’udoo lhoowe ’ustsuts. ʘ^ma

kwùlaà#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii kwùlaàt’e. Muk’ànhtą. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

P‑k’ǫ̀wa#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Suk’ǫ̀want’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’ǫ̀waht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’ǫ̀wadat’èlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’ǫ̀waghdat’èlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’ǫ̀wadast’èlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuk’ǫ̀wawst’è’ii. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uska gwuda ka’ììhlhahii ’èh muk’ǫ̀wats’ut’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suk’ǫ̀waht’e. K’ula nùstlǫ las’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii ’udoo mik’ìts’isdlii muk’ǫ̀wawst’è’ìì wukayniizun.

la#t’e v. This verb is used in declarative sentences. ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ looht’e. ‑‑‑‑Lhoo tun ’wèdè’ gwudzè’ looht’e. ‑‑‑‑Jo khukeyiih lawììht’e. ‑‑‑‑Woopanè’ lats’iiht’e. ‑‑‑‑Khupanè’ laghiiht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tsiiya looht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh ya wǫha ’udoo sech’ilè’ nun’òdza? ’Udoo sukayniinzų wǫh lant’e. Nesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ide kawììht’ede lat’e. For further example(s) of la#t’e see tah¹ (under ‑tah).

cust ‑‑‑‑Fort Ware lats’ut’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie kwune yìdà’è laghut’e, Del Creek. ʘ^ma

lhù#d-t’e v. also lhùn# from lhù‑nu#.

impf⁴ (1s lhùdiist’e, 2s lhùdiin‑, 3s lhùdii‑, 1p lhùts’idii‑, 2p lhùdah‑, 3p lhaghdii‑) ‑‑‑‑Lhùdiist’e. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Lhùts’idiit’e. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Lhùdiit’e. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Lhùdiint’e. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Lhùdaht’e. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Lhùnts’idiit’e. ‑‑‑‑Lhùndiist’e ’èh k’e’usgeh.

sa#t’è v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii wǫh sooht’è. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ghǫh sòòne ’ut’è nidòòwè. ’Uyii ghǫh sooht’è. ‑‑‑‑Louie sawt’è’ìì. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda ’ide sat’è. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ midzììì’ wuts’ùt, wughwùsa ghǫh sat’è. ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ dzah lhunadalh, tàada ghǫh sat’è. ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh ’uwaduz dzè’ ya ka sat’è. [< sa ’ut’e ` “maybe it is”]

sa#d-ìì‑h-t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Sadììht’e. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Sats’idììht’e. ʘ^em

sòòna#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Sòònat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sòònats’ut’e. ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo sòònast’e. ʘ^ma

shòwa#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Shòwast’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo shòwast’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwooht’e. ‑‑‑‑Shòwats’iiht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwawììht’e. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑Shòwat’e. ’Utsigǫ̀’ yhidnu’àl. ʘ^ma

shòwa#d-n‑t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Shòwadnint’e. ‑‑‑‑Shòwadnaht’e. ʘ^ma

P‑gha tiiya#w-ìì‑h-t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Ma tiiyawììht’e. ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo satiiyawììht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Watiiyawììht’e. Sawoodu’ąh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Zutl ghidii. Watiiyawììht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ka’àhlhah da nukha tiiyàwììht’e.

‑’èh ts’ìì’ònàa#t’e v. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo tsà’ ’èh ts’ìì’ònàats’ut’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila ’èh ts’ìì’ònàast’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Joe Poole yugàh ts’ìì’ònàat’è’ii ghǫh la ghidii. ʘ^ma

’uku#d-ìì‑h-t’e, ’uka#d-ìì‑h-t’e v. ‑‑‑‑’Ukudììht’e. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza ’ukudììht’e. ‑‑‑‑“Ya ’èh kuda ’ukadììht’a,” Alec ’ìdissįį. (Grizzly Story)

ywà#h-t’e v. requires optative verb argument; occurs in negative or interrogative contexts only.

impf⁵ (1s ywàst’e, 2s ywàn‑, 3s yòòh‑, 1p ywàts’iih‑, 2p ywàh‑, 3p ywàghiih‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo widoosdèhii ywàst’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wits’idoodèhii ywàts’iiht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wus’ąhdze ’oosgudzii ywàst’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’oosbęhii ywàst’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nawndzùdii ywànt’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’oobęhìi yòòht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ninudòòjà’ii yòòht’e. ‑‑‑‑Ka’wàhlhahii ywàht’eǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udawoodèlah. ’Udoo kaghòòhlhahii ywàghiiht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghididììh. ’Udoo kaghghòòhlhahii ywàghiiht’e. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of impf⁵ see tl’a (under per).

’udoo ywàwììht’e adv. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’oosbęhii ywàwììht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nunoostèhii ywàwììht’e. ‑‑‑‑Sugònè’ k’oodidììh. ’Udoo nawsdzùdii ywàwììht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo widoosdèhii ywàwììht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wits’idoodèhii ywàwììht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo khununè’ khech’à’ ghòòhchoodii ywàwììht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Ide wuts’eh ’udoo nunoostèhii ywàwììht’e.

tsì#d-h‑t’e v. variation in 2sg forms. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune tsìdììht’e. Muzà’ witsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sooh lhònè’ tsìdììht’e? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè tsìdììht’e ghǫh ’anh’įį? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane tsìdìiht’àjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsìdiinht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsìdniinht’e. Ts’ìì’ònè wùtsį̀į̀’ii sits’oodindèh. ʘ^ma

mutayut’eii n. ʘ^em also mutayut’e.

t’e²

(’‑)n-t’e v. (n neu) ‑‑‑‑’Ushidle kwune ’unìnaht’e suk’ǫ̀waht’e. (Nats’oodalh) ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè Pass dzè’ joo dįįdut’e ’uts’inèt’e gwudzè’ joo nets’iniilà’. (Early Travels) ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune ’ughnèet’e ghididììh. ‑‑‑‑Dune ’unèt’è’ tinudidlii. ‑‑‑‑Dune nèt’e ghǫh sidzooht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Ughnèet’e widisyììh. ‑‑‑‑Woots’òòdane ’ughdnèt’e. ‑‑‑‑Koohdighè la kaghnèt’ene tùghusdetl. ʘ^em For further example(s) of (’‑)n-t’e see dììh¹ (under dist).

’unèt’eii n. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Unèt’eii la jode sula. ʘ^em

dù#n-t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Dùnèt’ea? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnèt’ea kayniinzuna? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnèt’e ’ulęa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnèt’a tùnìinhdègha? ‑‑‑‑Gee, dlèzhe dùnèt’a! ‑‑‑‑Dùnèt’ea nìdoonlèha? ʘ^ma

shòwa#n-t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Dàna shòwanèt’e sutl’àghiila. ʘ^ma

ta#d-t’e v. ‑‑‑‑Taghdut’e ghinitsį̀į̀’. [PA *ta:q’e: “3” (K05)]

tadut’e num. (pr tadut’eʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tadut’e dude la k’e’iisghǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo tadut’e ’umawii ch’ila woots’usdune.

’iihts’è’ tadut’e, lhiihts’è’ tadut’e num.

lhèkwet’e, lhèkwe’ut’e, lhèkwudut’e num. ‑‑‑‑Lhèkwudut’ene la ghu’às. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune lhèkwudut’ene woowuyǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dlèzhe lhèkwudut’e k’e’iighǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhèkwudut’e zǫh kaynuszų. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Georgie kuda lhèkwet’e k’e’iighǫ, lhìghè’ deyǫ̀’ ’ii tl’ǫh lhìghe’ tajwàa joo. ‑‑‑‑“Kwùla lhekwudut’e la nusiihlha. ’Ooh ninii?” ’ìdissįį. “Sinii joo, lhekwudut’e zǫh nusiihlha.”

lhènèt’e num.

’iihts’è’ lhènèt’e, lhiihts’è’ lhènèt’e num.

t’ę²

neu

t’ę

t’ę̀’

t’ę̀lh

t’ę̀’

d-t’ę v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Dut’ę. ‑‑‑‑Dits’ìgè’ ghǫh dut’ę.

P‑ghǫh yi#d-t’ę v. ‑‑‑‑Nǫh yidiist’e. ‑‑‑‑Sǫh yidiit’ę. ‑‑‑‑Nǫh yits’ididat’ę̀lhe.

(P‑ghǫh) dza-yi#‑d-t’ę v. ‑‑‑‑Dzaydiit’ę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzaydiit’ę ghǫh mits’ighdehdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudzèè’ dzaydiit’ę. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dzaydiist’ę ’esdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzayts’idiit’ę. ‑‑‑‑Sinii zǫh nughǫh dzaydiist’ę. ʘ^ma

t’è’¹

‑t’è’ adv. used with optative verbs. ‑‑‑‑’Ah ’awnlehììt’è’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dòòdii na’oontsudzììt’è’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii mun gàh sunèeh doonyà’ììt’è’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sǫh wintsughììt’è’. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdè’è k’indah dè’, ya k’ànhtą zoonhkhèt’è’. ʘ^ma For further examples of ‑t’è’ see ’umà’; dègh (under pf).

t’è’ sub. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii Louie nidòòwè t’è’ la, ’udoo nìdnis’įį. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane nidòòwè t’è’ la ’udoo sąs sadugh. ‑‑‑‑Tachǫhii gòòlìì ’udiidòòwè t’è’, koot’è’ nuts’idoot’àsii. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of t’è’ see duts¹ (under lhì‑nu#d-h‑duts).

> ‑ììt’è’ see under ììt’è’

t’è’²

conc

t’è’

t’è’

t’èlh

t’è’

k’i#O‑d-n‑h/H-t’è’ v. (conc) cnj fluctuates, s~n. ‑‑‑‑Dàna k’idnìst’è’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudowa k’idninht’è’. ‑‑‑‑K’iidnaht’èlhe. ‑‑‑‑Sudowa k’idnooht’è’ii.

s‑pf ‑‑‑‑K’iidnèht’è’. ‑‑‑‑Dùnèt’ea k’idnèht’è’a? ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì k’idnèeht’è’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ednèest’è’. Muk’ànustą dùnèt’e dàna gwa sinh’ǫ all mesdiìh. ’Ii tl’ǫh dèkunlàha kwùjoo dàna more kayniinzuna? ʘ^ma

n‑pf ‑‑‑‑Ma dàna k’idnìiht’è’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùnèt’ea k’idnììht’è’a? ʘ^ma

k’ìnèt’e num. ʘ^em

k’ìnèt’e adv. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Lhèkwudut’e saneh k’ìnèt’e ts’utsudzii la ts’alelh. ʘ^em

t’ę̀’

u#d-d‑t’ę̀’ v. u# a default prefix, replaceable by more contentful prefixes. This verb functions as the inceptive form of u#d-jàh “be finished, become, get”. ‑‑‑‑’Ooh’une kwune, khu’èh yus ’udidùst’ę̀’. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla lhį̀į̀dǫ̀ ’udidùst’ę̀’. ‑‑‑‑’Udììtl’ǫh ’awdidùst’ę̀’.

u# replaced ‑‑‑‑Noohgą̀she doowà nidòòwadidùst’ę̀’. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè nèhtsunadidùst’ę̀’. Nitsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma

t’ęh

dur

t’ęh

t’ęh

t’ęlh

t’ęh

nù#d-D‑t’ęh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Kǫh t’àhdze too nùdut’ęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too nùdat’ęh. ‑‑‑‑Nùdidat’ęlhe. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑Ditsįįh dulè’ nùdeht’ęh. ‑‑‑‑Nidziìì’ wididììh dè’ nutsudànlàh ’ii tl’ǫh nidziìì’ nùdinht’ęh.

t’èh

dur

t’èh

t’èh

t’èlh

t’èh

’i#d-d‑ìì‑t’èh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Si’įįh ’ididììt’èh. ‑‑‑‑’Ididìnt’èh. ‑‑‑‑Tigheh’ine dughatsìdla. ’Ide gòòlii ’ighdidììt’èh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kesdììhii gòòlii ’ididìst’èh. ’Udidìs’įį. ‑‑‑‑Dàna ka ’ididììt’èh. ‑‑‑‑Jìje ka ’ighdidììt’èh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’ǫ̀we ’ighdidììt’èh. ‑‑‑‑Dùnahchowa dǫ̀, dewà ’ididàht’èha? ‑‑‑‑Khinii dazǫh ’its’ididììt’èh. ‑‑‑‑Dune ’indidììt’èh. ‑‑‑‑Ma si’įįh ’ididòòt’èha?

’i-sa#d-d‑ìì‑t’èh v. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’isaghdidììt’èh.

t’elh ono. ‑‑‑‑Sudzèè’ t’elh dèjàh.

t’el

d-t’el v. ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ dut’el. ‑‑‑‑Munè’ dut’elàjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii mèh ’ugudzii dut’ela ’ii tl’ǫh michinè’ dinùstl’ùts. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį dut’elii kooyè k’ègwuch. [from Kas ‑t’ele]

lhoowe dut’elii n. ʘ^ma (Oncorhynchus nerka)

nù#d-ìì‑t’el v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sąs mudàà’ nùdììt’el.

d-t’ela v. (mot

mom ‑‑‑‑Kwùla sa dudidììt’ela. ʘ^ma

prog ‑‑‑‑’Ak’ǫ̀ sa kudidat’ela. ʘ^ma

t’ès, t’ę roast

conc

t’ès

t’ę

t’ès

t’ès

t’ès n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ t’ès ’èht’e. [PA *t’e’:š “charcoal” (L87)]

t’ès adj. ‑‑‑‑’utsùn t’ès

‑t’ès v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Sut’ę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too zul ’udìsdleh. ’Ut’ès. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe sut’ę. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ts’ìì’ònè sut’ę. [PA *t’e’:s “roast, cook” (KL)]

caus ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn seht’ę lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Ya Louie dowa nasaht’ęa? ‑‑‑‑Ya yudowa naseht’ęa? ʘ^ma

impf (1s ’ust’ès, 2s ’inh‑, 3s ’eh‑, 1p ts’eh‑, 2p ’ah‑, 3p gheh‑) ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ’ust’ès. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Inht’ès. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ’inht’ès. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ’eht’ès. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ts’eht’ès. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ’aht’ès. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn gheht’ès. ʘ^ma

dune ’eht’èsii n.

’eht’èsde n. ‑‑‑‑’Ide ’eht’èsde ’umawìdlàh. ʘ^ma

refl ‑‑‑‑’Udust’ès. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn didast’èse. ‑‑‑‑’Ughę̀’ suzulii siilà’ kàdiiht’ę. ‑‑‑‑Ya nudaht’ęa? ‑‑‑‑Diih nuts’idèht’ę.

P‑k’e#d-D‑t’ę v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyuhoh, siilà’ k’edat’ę.

’utsùn ’udnùst’ès, ’utsùn ’udnèst’ès n.

’utsùn ’udnùst’ès: ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn ’udnùst’ès zǫh ’ulę. Nitsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma

’utsùn ’udnèst’ès: ʘ^ma hyper-articulated pronunciation.

> t’ès nusodna’ąlhii “lady bug” see under nuso

t’ets

d-n‑ìì‑t’edza v. ‑‑‑‑Dinììt’edza. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dinìnt’edza. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dinììt’edzidii.

ts’odza dinììt’edza n. ʘ^ma (Simuliidae family)

ts’asghųza dinììt’edza n. ʘ^ma

O‑n-t’ets v. ‑‑‑‑’Udnùst’ets.

ts’est’edze n. (pr ts’est’eʹdze) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma (possibly Lonicera involucrata) [< ts’es‑ “black” + t’edz “black” + ‑e “?”]

t’ii, t’è

mom

t’èh

t’ii

t’èlh

t’èh

‑t’ii¹ n. ‑‑‑‑mit’ii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mit’ii wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Sit’ii nidòòwè.

‑t’ii² v. ‑‑‑‑Nitsìì’ nùdàt’ii. ‑‑‑‑Muzèdzè’ nìit’ii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑sulabàdè’ tl’oolh suk’wus tunusit’iiyii For further example(s) of ‑t’ii² see d๠(under ext). [PA *‑t’ə’ky’ “extend in a line” (Leer 87: 289)]

tun nun sit’ii n.

k’wus nun sit’ii n.

Mun Tl’oonsit’iiyii pn. ʘ^ma

dist ‑‑‑‑Woozèdzè’ nunsut’ii. ʘ^em

O‑h-t’ii v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Utsìì’ ’inht’ès. Nunht’èh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tl’oolh gat ’ìdìnht’èh. ‑‑‑‑’Utsìì’ nùdast’ii. ‑‑‑‑’Utsìì’ nùdast’èlhe, wut’èsii dowa. ‑‑‑‑Dùdinht’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ lǫh kìdìnht’èh. ʘ^ma

P‑k’ì‑tl’oo#d-ìì‑t’ii v.

caus ‑‑‑‑“Sidįįdze k’ìtl’oodìnht’èh. Su’èh da’intl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h,” yèhnii. (Yawdisk’ìsda Dune)

> ‑t’ìi’ą “narrow stretcher” see under ’ą²

t’ǫ̀’

‑t’ǫ̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑’ut’ǫ̀’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑mut’ǫ̀’ ʘ^ma [PA *t’a’:n’ “leaf” (L87)]

’ut’wą̀ązii, ’ut’wązii n.

’ut’wą̀ązii: ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Didii ’ut’wą̀ązii k’ànhtą. ʘ^ma

’ut’wązii: ʘ^mc ʘ^ma

’ut’ǫ̀’ chow n. ʘ^ma (Ranunculus uncinatus?)

digii t’ǫ̀’ n. ʘ^ma (Typha latifolia)

ghùje t’ǫ̀’ n. (Equisetum arvense or Equisetum scirpoides)

nàhtunii t’ǫ̀’ n.

> ’ut’ǫ̀’ dunùsukalha “heart-leaved arnica, broad-leaved arnica” see under kalh

> ’ut’ǫ̀leh “late summer, early fall, early autumn” see under leh¹

> ’ut’ǫ̀’ tl’ǫh “fall, autumn” see under tl’ǫh

> ’ut’ǫ̀’ tetsune “western buttercup?” see under tsun²

t’òch suck

dur

t’òch

t’òch

t’òch

t’òch

O‑h-t’òch v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane duma ’eht’òch. ‑‑‑‑’Uk’a ghiiht’òch.

‑t’òjè’ n.

mìsdoos t’òjè’ n.

’ujide t’òjè’ n.

> t’òdii “cigarette” see under t’òt

t’òga

yà#d-h‑t’òga v. ‑‑‑‑Yaghdeht’òga.

yàdeht’òga n. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdawa yàdeht’òga ’ìkighnètal.

t’oh

‑t’oh n. ‑‑‑‑dusdlęha t’oh ‑‑‑‑mut’oh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑met’oh ʘ^ma

ts’asnone t’oh n. ʘ^ma

t’òj

d-n‑ìì‑t’òjidii v. ‑‑‑‑Dinììt’òjidii. ‑‑‑‑Widnììt’òjidii.

Dune dinììt’òjidii prsn.

t’ok ono.

t’ol

h-t’ol v. ‑‑‑‑’oosà’ seht’olii ‑‑‑‑’utsùn seht’olii ‑‑‑‑Ts’àle ’ònè dèehtl’as nitsį̀į̀’ajàhìì ghǫh. Seht’ol. ʘ^ma

t’òs n. (psd ‑t’òsè’) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune “t’òs ’unleh,” ’ìdinii. ʘ^ma [PA *‑t’ʊg^y “paddle” (L87)]

P‑e#’-t’òs v. ‑‑‑‑Delà’ ’e’ut’òs. ʘ^ma

t’òt

O‑t’òt v. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìk ’inht’òt. ‑‑‑‑Lhadzè’ ’aht’òt. ʘ^ma [from McL?]

’udulè’ ’ut’òdii n. ʘ^ma [from TsK’]

t’òdii n.

ts’ut’òdii n.

t’ooda

d-t’ooda v. ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn dit’ooda.

t’oode

took’às t’oode n. [cf. O‑t’òt “suck on O, smoke O”]

t’òòsa n. (pr t’òòsaʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑t’òòsa lą̀ązii ‑‑‑‑T’òòsa muyą̀ądza wìlę. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei [from Tli?]

t’oots

‑t’oodzè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mit’oodzè’ ʘ^ma [PA *‑t’u:ǰ-e’ “(tree) bark” (K78)]

t’ǫǫts

ku#t’ǫǫts v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑’Iize kiit’ǫǫdzawìjàh. ʘ^ma

d-t’ǫǫts v. ‑‑‑‑Nuzà’ widit’ǫǫdzawdlèhììsį̀į̀.

bes t’ǫǫdza n.

t’ù¹ up against

P‑t’ù# vpf. (s mom) attaches to mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Too t’ùsuya. (Nats’oodalh) ‑‑‑‑Mut’ùsusya. ‑‑‑‑Mut’ùghuskę. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mut’ùnughust’ats. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mut’ùnundah.

P‑t’ù# vpf. (gh mom) attaches to mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mut’ùstl’à’. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Mut’àastl’a. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’ooshinè’ t’àats’ut. ‑‑‑‑Bed t’àasts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wut’àasts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè wudnùstl’ùdzii ’èh wut’ìisya. ʘ^ma

P‑t’ù#d‑ vpf. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Sdoh t’ùdasts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùstonii t’ùdasts’ut. ʘ^ma

P‑t’ù#’-ìì‑h‑ vpf. (mom) ù‑’ ‑‑> à; attaches to clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Lhit’àts’ììya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhelà’ lhiiht’à’àhtǫ‑ǫ? ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe lhiiht’àts’ììhtę, ’utsùn tl’ǫh.

P‑t’ù#d-ìì‑ vpf. (mom

mot ‑‑‑‑Khą̀ts chow le wut’ùdììlàt.

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì tlįį ’ut’ùdìsla. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį ’ut’ùdòòslèhii.

tlįį ’ut’ùdiiya n.

> t’ù#O‑d‑’įį “fight back with O” see under ’įį³

t’ù²

P‑t’ù# vpf. (gh mom

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Stove t’ùts’iila. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’atsèt ’ii tl’ǫh khulèè’ t’ùnawts’iila. ‑‑‑‑Lhìghè’ mukegǫ̀’ lhìist’ats. ’Ii sutehmè’ t’ìis’ǫ. (Grizzly Story) ‑‑‑‑Lhìghè’ zǫh khi’òònà’ t’ùnuts’ehlha. (based on a sentence in Grizzly Story) ‑‑‑‑Mut’ùkwin’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Tsuts lhèkwudut’e wut’ùdiisla. ‑‑‑‑Wut’à’iis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii wut’ìis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wut’ùnunlèh. ‑‑‑‑’Ii nutehmè’ ’uwute’e mut’ùnawinlèh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of clf-mot see ts’ake.

mot ‑‑‑‑Mut’ùnayninh’į̀į̀’.

> ‑tsì‑t’ù‑nu#O‑d‑’ą “wear, put on O (hat, cover)” see under ’ą¹

> P‑t’ù‑nu#d-D‑’èts “wear, put on P (footwear)” see under ’èts

> P‑t’ù‑nu#d-D‑diih “wear, put on P (mittens, gloves)” see under dìì’¹

> w-t’ù#d-tįį “put, place O (wood) in the stove” see under tįį

> P‑t’ù‑nu#ya/’ats/detl “sg./du./pl. wear, put on P (garment worn on torso)” see under ya³

> ‑t’udzè’ “cuttings, scraps” see under t’ats¹

t’ul

tàst’ul n.

t’uts¹

mom

t’uts

t’uts

t’uts

t’uts

O‑h-t’uts v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Munaniiht’uts. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of O‑h-t’uts see yì¹ (under P‑yì#w-n‑).

with incorporated body part For example(s) for with incorporated body part see tl’èh (under tl’ì#w-n‑).

nù#O‑d-h‑t’uts v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màda nùdust’uts. ‑‑‑‑Munè’ nùdèeht’uts. ‑‑‑‑Naydèht’uts. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane nùdoonht’udzììnò. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sǫ nundoost’udzìì.

TL

tlas

‑tlasè’ n. (pr ‑tlaʹsè’) ʘ^ma (voc tlasè’) (klaze’ “my brother-in-law, my sister-in-law” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑sutlasè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑tlasàa ‑‑‑‑Evelyn ’udoo sutlasè’ looht’e.

tlat jump, fly

mom	tlat	tlah	tlulh	tlat
per	tlich	tlich	tlich	tlich
prog	tlulh
cust	tlich

H-tlah v. (mot) [PA *lə-tlαx̣d “spring, leap, jump up” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑Gwudze ghiintlulh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune gwudze ghutlulhii muk’ànustą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didòò kutl’e dǫ̀ ’uyii dune ’iize yìghe natlulh. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑K’ètlich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsòòwìì la ’umawii ch’ila k’ètlich. ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’itlich. ʘ^ma

mom¹ ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è ts’idèhtlah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, tintlat. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh kwunatlah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdahdze nunintlah. ‑‑‑‑’Utune nuts’inutlah. ‑‑‑‑’Ah chow ’èh nunutlah lǫ̀. (Lhooda) ‑‑‑‑Tse biije su’èh kì’ììtlah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune k’ula mu’èh kòòwìtlah. For further example(s) of mom¹ see du¹ (under du#d-ìì‑).

n-H‑tlah v. (mot

prog² ‑‑‑‑Natlulh. ‑‑‑‑Deèdza ’ughdnatlulha? ‑‑‑‑Dinatlulh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of prog² see ’ììze.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìnitlich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìnutlich. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Ehda muchow kooyà k’ìnitlich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’initlich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìnatlich lǫ̀.

mèh k’ìnitlijii n.

caus ‑‑‑‑Dune la k’iinehtlich. ʘ^ma

mom² ‑‑‑‑Ts’ehe khugàh kwunatlah. ‑‑‑‑’Iits’ii tlujii nàatlah. ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è ts’idnèhtlah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Prince George ts’è’ ’its’idnèhtlah. ‑‑‑‑Kwa tsinè’ nunètlah, ’ii dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza. For further examples of mom² see t’aghdzè; tsè’ (under ‑tsòòwìì).

cust ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè wutladii k’eh, ’ii wuk’ànustą wutladii nìnatlichde. (based on a sentence from Grizzly Story)

ni#n-ìì‑tlah v. ‑‑‑‑’Ii diih ninììtlah. ‑‑‑‑Nanììtlah. ʘ^ma

d-H‑tlah v. (mot) [PA *d-lə-tlαx̣d “blaze up, flare up (fire)” (L87)]

per ‑‑‑‑K’ooditlich. ʘ^ma

mom³ ‑‑‑‑Too dùdììtlah. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè wididèhtlah. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom³ see tù¹ (under tù#d‑).

cust ‑‑‑‑Too dighè ditlich da, ’ide canyon ’òw ’oonejit. ʘ^ma

Too Dunudììtlichde pn. ‑‑‑‑Choo Dunadììtliichde ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

P‑k’e#d-H‑tlah v. (mot) ‑‑‑‑’Uyuhoh, sik’edatlah. For further example(s) of P‑k’e#d-H‑tlah see ’įį⁴ (under ni#O‑d-d‑ìì‑h‑’įį).

caus ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn k’ediihtlah.

du#d-ìì‑tlah v. ‑‑‑‑Dudììtlah. ʘ^ma

du#O‑gh-D‑tlah v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Dugònè’ dughatlah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dusighatlah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’uyii dichin dughatlah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dayghatlah. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Edna Mary dughatlah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Daghdatlah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Daghghatlah. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dughighatlah. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Edna ’èh Yvonne ’èh Mary daghghatlah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse dachowii daghatlah. ‑‑‑‑Dukhighatlah. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dayghdatlulhe. ʘ^ma

ku#H-tlah v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Kutlat.

cust ‑‑‑‑Kuda kutlich da mughà’ dut’elanut’į̀į̀h.

dza#w-d‑n-H‑tlah v.

prog³ ‑‑‑‑Yì’ǫ̀dze nudzawdnatlulh.

per ‑‑‑‑Sini joo k’ìdzawdnistlich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìnudzawdnitlich. ‑‑‑‑K’ìdzawdnintlich. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’ìdzawts’idnitlich. ʘ^ma

lhì‑#d-ìì‑H-tlah v. (ìì,n mom) ‑‑‑‑Lhòòdètlah. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lhìnawdììtlat. ‑‑‑‑Ya k’eh lhìnawdètlah. For further examples of lhì‑#d-ìì‑H-tlah see dè’⁵ (under sa dę̀’); t’ah² (under ya t’ah).

yu#w-ìì‑H-tlah v.

prog⁴ ‑‑‑‑Yuwàtlulh.

mom⁴ ‑‑‑‑Kwùla yunuwìtlah. Shòwawìjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yus nùdadòne ’ii tl’ǫh yunuwìtlah.

wutladii n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Wutladii ka wuk’ànhtą.

tlįį n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑lèè’ ~ ‑lę̀ę̀’, dim tlązii) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psddim ‑lą̀zii) ‑‑‑‑mulèè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑mulę̀ę̀’ ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑mulą̀zii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mulèè’ dachow. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Ii nulèè’ gwuda sutę. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wudeh tlįį sutę. ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ ghànisyàts. ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ kwune ghinidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo tlįį k’idindii. ʘ^ma [PA *ləŋ ~ ɬį:k^y’e: “dog” (L05)]

tlįį chow n. (psd ‑lèè’ chow) ‑‑‑‑Tlįį chow k’eh sinda. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of tlįį chow see gwun² (under toohgwuna).

> tlįį̀’įį “(I) lucked out” see under ’įį³

> tlįį jìjè’ “northern black currant” see under jìje

> tlįį za “dog” see under za

> tlįį ’ut’ùdiiya “harnessed dog team” see under t’ù¹

> tlįį tl’oolh “dog harness” see under tl’oolh

tliin adj. ‑‑‑‑Tliin ’ulę. ‑‑‑‑’Ii sutselhè’ ’èh tliin ’unasdlàh. [from Eng]

tlǫ

n-tlǫ v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Nùstlǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nèstlǫ. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nòòwa k’èh winùstlǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nòòwa k’èh wunùstlǫ. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nòòwa k’èh wunèstlǫ. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Nùstlǫ ’ulàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùstlwą̀yììlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’inùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑Ghinùstlǫ. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of n-tlǫ see zà’¹ (under mouth). [PA *‑la:ŋ “be many” (L87)]

O‑n-H‑tlǫ v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Dune dàna nìniihtlǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’eht’ǫ ts’inìniihtlǫ. ‑‑‑‑Dàna nìnustlǫ. ʘ^ma

tlòda

n-h‑tlòda v. variant of n-h‑tlòja. ‑‑‑‑Nitoowatalè’ niihtlòda nawute’e?

d-h‑tlòda v. ‑‑‑‑Dehtlòda.

’utlòda n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utlòda dehtlòdajàh.

tlòh

d-tlòh v. ‑‑‑‑Dutlòh. ʘ^ma

too dutlòh n. ʘ^ma

d-h‑tlòh v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Dehtlòh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn dehtlòh.

tlòja

n-h‑tlòja v. variant of n-h‑tlòda. ‑‑‑‑Niihtlòja.

d-h‑tlòja v. ‑‑‑‑Dehtlòja.

tlujii

’iits’ii tlujii n. ʘ^ma For example(s) for ’iits’ii tlujii see tlat (under mom²).

tlugh

conc

tlugh

tlugh

tlugh

tlugh

tlugh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Tlugh sinkàh.

O‑h-tlugh v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo nòn ’èh nuts’unè’ ’inhtlugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudzǫh wìsiihtlugh. [PA *ɬ-tlαɣ. “rub oil or grease on” (L87)]

mu’èh khunè’ ts’ehtlughii n.

tlųgh

d-n‑ìì‑tlųghidii v. ‑‑‑‑Dinììtlųghidii. ʘ^ma

Bus Dinììtlųghidii pn. ʘ^ma

tlut

oo-ìì‑tlut v. w-oo-ìì ‑‑> wì ~ wù. ‑‑‑‑’Òòtlut. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse ’òòtludii k’eh dudìsts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wìtlut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wùtlut ʘ^ma For further example(s) of oo-ìì‑tlut see tl’ųdza (under d-D‑tl’ųdza).

TL’

tl’a, tl’e run

mom	tl’à’	tl’a	tl’elh	tl’à’
per	tl’eh	tl’eh	tl’elh	tl’eh
prog	tl’elh
cust	tl’eh

H-tl’e v. (mot) [PA *lə-tl’a: “trot, go in herd” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè ts’atl’elh. ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ muts’è’ nastl’elhii joo. ‑‑‑‑Edna ghǫh lhastl’elh. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’intl’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è k’ìts’utl’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ètl’eh da mawute’e. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’oostl’ehii ywàst’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhiih’èh k’ìwootl’ehììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma

caus

mèh k’èhtl’ehii n. ‑‑‑‑mèh k’èstl’ehii For further example(s) of mèh k’èhtl’ehii see kù (under P‑kù#).

mom ‑‑‑‑Kunudintl’à’. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ìdà’è dintl’à’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàsutl’a. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììyetl’a. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighe Louie ka diintl’elhǫ? ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑Yàsèhtl’a.

cust ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo ’ìtsìdze tùnustl’ehììzǫh satiiyawìjàh.

didįįch’ah dune ’ootl’eh n.

O‑H-tl’e v. (per

per k’ì‑’u ‑‑> k’ì’ù ~ k’e’e ~ k’è’i. ‑‑‑‑K’ì’ùtl’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune dulèè’ dììts’ughii ’èh k’ì’ùtl’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Òòna ka ’ulà’ ’èkèh k’e’etl’eh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑K’ì’ootl’ehììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’è’iwootl’ehììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma

O‑gh-H‑tl’e v. (per) ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ kwune k’ìghintl’eh. ‑‑‑‑K’oowwintl’eh. ‑‑‑‑K’ights’utl’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’iighutl’eh.

inc#d-H‑tl’e v. (mot)

yììhe#d-H‑tl’e v.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìyììhedutl’eh. ʘ^ma

sul-e#d-H‑tl’e v.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìsuledutl’eh. ʘ^ma

P‑lù#H-tl’e v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Dichin làastl’a.

pf with w‑ areal object of postposition. (1s wulàastl’a, 2s wulìin‑, 3s wulài‑, 1p wulùts’a‑, 2p wulàah‑, 3p wulùgha‑) ‑‑‑‑’Ii, sudastǫda wulàastl’a. ‑‑‑‑Deda wulàastl’ade sǫ nawszudìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deda wulìintl’aa? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane miidìì’ nidòòwè. Wulàatl’a da wuts’è’ sǫ wudòòwè.

tuntl’a n. (dim tun tl’azii) (Mustela vison)

Tuntl’a Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

tl’à’

‑tl’à’ n. ‑‑‑‑Nutl’à’ gwuda sinh’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Sutl’à’ kudnatl’ùts. ʘ^ma

‑latl’à’ n. ‑‑‑‑Mulatl’à’ mèh ’uk’à’ugudzii sutǫ.

‑tl’àde n. ‑‑‑‑Mutl’àde kènììyòtl. ‑‑‑‑Mutl’àde sinda. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo mutl’àde nàwduk’ądza joo k’ànustą. For further example(s) of ‑tl’àde see yhòtl (under ‑yòtl).

tl’à#, tl’a# inc.

tl’à#gh‑ vpf. (n mom) occurs with motion verbs. ‑‑‑‑Titl’àghèts’ut.

> tl’à#w-h‑’ą “sit down” see under ’ą²

> ‑tl’à’ k’ehii “fat on the lower back or rump” see under k’eh

> ‑tl’à’ lòt “back fat” see under lòt

> tl’àsùs “pants, trousers” see under zùs¹

> tl’a#gh-d‑zùs “fall on buttocks” see under zùs²

> kù‑tl’à#O‑gh-h‑te “severely criticize O” see under te²

> ‑tl’a#w-ìì‑te “display buttocks” see under te²

> ‑tl’à’ ts’unè’ “tailbone, coccyx” see under ts’un

tl’ah¹

‑tl’ah n. ‑‑‑‑Mun tl’ah tsà’ kǫh wùs’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Fox L. wutaànoh ts’elę tl’ah ’ii wuts’eh gwuda joo deyǫ̀’ lhèkwudut’e k’eghiighǫ ’usba lhahts’eht’e joo. (based on a sentence from Early Travels)

tatl’ah n. (pr tatl’aʹh) ʘ^ei For example(s) for tatl’ah see ka³ (under Dawnùskade).

tahtl’ah n. (pr tahtl’aʹh) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tahtl’ah dzè’ too tsughii ’udii. ‑‑‑‑Mun tahtl’ah dzè’ k’èsdah. ʘ^ma

tl’ah²

P‑tl’ah p. ‑‑‑‑Ya tl’aha k’òòk nìniin’ǫa? ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ tl’ah nuwin’òts.

tse tl’ah n. ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè tse tl’ah k’èsdah.

‑ke tl’ah n. ‑‑‑‑Gwùndàn ke tl’ah sula. ‑‑‑‑Gwùndàn ke tl’ah ne’inlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wooke tl’ah neghulèh. ʘ^ma

ts’èhts’ìk tl’ahii n.

tunutl’ah n. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe tunutl’ah nùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑Tunutl’ah tse nùstlǫ.

> ke tl’ah mazii “bufflehead” see under mazii

tl’as

mom

tl’ìs

tl’as

tl’às

tl’ìs

d-tl’as v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uzùs dutl’as.

k’òòk dutl’asii n. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii k’òòk dutl’asii sànhtsoos.

O‑h-tl’as v. (clf-mot

mom ‑‑‑‑Tets’ìdinhtl’ìs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ònè dinhtl’ìs. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ònè dèehtl’as. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’àle ’ònè dèehtl’as. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Wèlìì’ si’òònà’ nìihtl’as. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin ’ònè dèhtl’as. (Nats’oodalh) ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh ’uyii k’uz ya’ììhtl’as. ‑‑‑‑Nùyiihtl’as. ‑‑‑‑Dichin tets’ìdèehtl’as. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ònè dastl’àse. ‑‑‑‑Nawnhtl’ìsììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màynintį̀į̀h. Nàyoohtl’ìsììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma

> tl’àsùs “pants, trousers” see under zùs¹

tl’àts

w-h‑tl’àdzidii v. (s) ‑‑‑‑’Ide wèhtl’àdzidii.

tl’eh¹

tl’eh tse n.

tl’eh²

dur

tl’eh

tl’eh

tl’eh

tl’eh

d-D‑tl’eh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Datl’eh.

lhoowe dutl’ehde n. ʘ^ma

Dusdulii Dutl’ehde pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^lt

K’ìdasii Dusdulii Dutl’ehde pn. ʘ^ma

tl’eh³

d-D‑tl’eh v. ‑‑‑‑Mudzèè’ dutl’eh. ‑‑‑‑Mudzèè’ datl’eh.

P‑e#tl’eh v. ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’etl’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ’etl’eha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Delà’ ’etl’eh, ’uyii dune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį suts’unè’ ’etl’eh.

tl’èh

‑tl’èh n. ‑‑‑‑Mutl’èh nayùs’èts.

nutl’èh exp.

tl’ì#w-n‑ vpf. occurs with succ verbs. ‑‑‑‑Yitl’òoniiht’uts. ‑‑‑‑Mitl’òoniiht’uts. ‑‑‑‑Mitl’ìnawniiht’uts.

> ‑tl’èh ghà’ “pubic hair” see under gha²

tl’eza

d-tl’eza v. ‑‑‑‑Dutl’eza. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin dutl’eza sàntį̀į̀h.

tehkahje dutl’eza n.

n-tl’eza v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin niitl’eza lhintsèl. ‑‑‑‑’Uska niitl’ezàjàh.

tl’ich

‑tl’ijè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mitl’ijè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑kuda tl’ijè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dusdlęha mitl’ijè’ nùstlǫ.

tl’ija

d-tl’ija v. ‑‑‑‑Ditl’ija. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Si’òònà’ ’ak’ǫ̀ tùsukets. Dutl’ija. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nòdą wuditl’ija. ‑‑‑‑Wuditl’ijàwadììlh. ʘ^ma

> tl’ì#w-n‑ “in the crotch, on the buttocks” see under tl’èh

tl’įįha

d-h‑tl’įįha v. ‑‑‑‑Tse ditl’įįsda ’ii tl’ǫh dehtl’įįha.

tl’įįsda

d-tl’įįsda v. ‑‑‑‑’Ut’ǫ̀’ ditl’įįsda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ ditl’įįsda. ‑‑‑‑Su’ejè’ ditl’įįsda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dutl’įįsda. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Tsits mitsìì’ ditl’įįsda. ‑‑‑‑Ditl’įįsda ’èh niizìì’ wuk’è’ìnges.

Mun Ditl’įįsda pn. ʘ^ma

tl’iit

mom	tl’iit	tl’iit	tl’ùlh	tl’iit
cust	tl’ich

nu#d-tl’iit v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Nudìstl’iit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudèstl’iit. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Lìdii nudìstl’iit. ‑‑‑‑Sijìjè’ nudìstl’iit. [PA *tl’i:t’ “liquid, granular substance, small pieces move freely, fall, splash; fart” (L87)]

caus ‑‑‑‑Too zul nudèehtl’iit. ‑‑‑‑Naydèhtl’iit. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Naydahtl’ùlhe.

O‑tl’iit v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Ya’ììhtl’iit. ‑‑‑‑Too nutolàa ’ìkinhtl’iit.

nù#d-tl’iit v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Yus nùditl’iit. ‑‑‑‑“Nùditl’iit,” sèhnii. ‑‑‑‑Nùdìstl’iit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Chǫ nùdìstl’iit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Chǫ nùdidìstl’iit. ‑‑‑‑Nùdatl’iit. For further examples of nù#d-tl’iit see noodlii; t’e¹ (under with sentential argument).

P‑ts’eh w-d‑tl’ich v. (cust) ‑‑‑‑Muts’eh widitl’ich. ʘ^ma

tl’įįt fart

conc

tl’įįt

tl’įįt

tl’įįt

tl’įįt

‑tl’įįdè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Nitl’įįdawdasdlììlhe. ‑‑‑‑Nitl’įįdè’ tah keduts’ùlh. ‑‑‑‑Mitl’įįdè’ tah wididììh.

nitl’įįdè’ exp.

(nù#)d-tl’įįt v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dintl’įįt. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane dìstl’įįt. ‑‑‑‑Nùdìstl’įįt. ʘ^ma

tl’ò’

d-tl’ò’ v. ‑‑‑‑Dutl’ò’. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Wutl’ùs dutl’ò’ii yèekets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùbe k’eh widutl’ò’. ‑‑‑‑Soonè’ miyìghe widutl’ò’. ‑‑‑‑’Wèdè’ soonè’ dutl’ò’ii ’eht’ès.

tl’ò’è’ adj. ‑‑‑‑Wutl’ùs tl’ò’è’ wìlę.

tl’ǫh

P‑tl’ǫh p.

after, vacated: ‑‑‑‑7‑mile dzàaghut’e. Wootl’ǫh ’uwìjàh. (Early Travels) ‑‑‑‑Mu’ędii sǫ wits’oosdunè. Mutl’ǫh sǫ sudowa wootsį̀į̀’ìì. For further example(s) of after, vacated see tsitu (under mot).

in exchange for: ‑‑‑‑’Utsùn tl’ǫh lhoowe nàniihtę. ‑‑‑‑Mutl’ǫh sà’in’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Dùnèt’e mutl’ǫh kayniinzuna?

’ii tl’ǫh, ‑ii tl’ǫh conj. ʘ^ma ’itl’ǫh also.

and (simultaneously): ‑‑‑‑Nùzudii tl’ǫh ka’ììhlhah. ʘ^ma For further examples of and (simultaneously) see ’ą¹ (under prog); tl’įįha (under d-h‑tl’įįha).

and then, after: ‑‑‑‑’Ii tl’ǫh dèkawìjàha? ‑‑‑‑’ii tl’ǫh deèdza? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Itl’ǫh sǫ dèkhant’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nunùstę ’ii tl’ǫh kwùn didùsk’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nudindahii tl’ǫh nun’òts. Nitsį̀į̀’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudùsja tl’ǫh sǫ kaghts’òòhlhahìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Frankie ka’ììhlhahii tl’ǫh kwùsǫ dàna mutl’àghoo’ą̀hìì.

’udììtl’ǫh n. For example(s) for ’udììtl’ǫh see t’ę̀’ (under u#d-d‑t’ę̀’).

’ut’ǫ̀’ tl’ǫh n. ‑‑‑‑’Ut’ǫ̀’ tl’ǫh ’ìdè’e dèesya.

tachǫh wutl’ǫh pp. ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh wutl’ǫh la nudasdalhe. ʘ^ma

> ‑tl’ǫh nu#w‑’ǫ “be vacant, empty after” see under ’ą¹

> ‑tl’ǫh nu#d-D‑’ats/detl “du./pl. take turns” see under ’ats

> P‑tl’ǫh d-le “pay for P” see under la²

> P‑tl’ǫ#’-d‑le “exchange, trade P” see under la²

> ’utl’ǫh nuyeh “orphan, loner” see under yheh

tl’òne n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tl’òne tl’oonsuja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo yìnòòwìì tl’òne t’ah nadalh. ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ tl’òne la sitsììghedè’ su’ǫ. ʘ^ma [cf. tl’òò‑nu#D‑ “in circle, around corner”]

tl’ow, tl’owe

tl’owe n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑tl’owè’) ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè tse k’eh la tl’owe nùstlǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gwùndàn tl’owè’ malhidììh. [PA *tl’ʊx̣, tl’ʊɣ. “grass” (K05)]

Tl’ow Tah Wudunè’ prsn. (t’lotona Jenness)

Tl’ow Tah Wudunè’ prsn.

Tl’ow Munè’, Tl’owe Munè’ pn.

Tl’owe Yiih pn. ʘ^lt

Tl’owe Nutsùdla pn. ʘ^lt ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

> tl’owe chow ka’ąde “meadow” see under ’ą²

> tl’owe didoozii “an unidentified sedge (grass)” see under dooz¹

> tl’owe k’eh “meadow” see under k’eh

> tl’owe lǫhii “oats” see under lǫh

tl’oo tie

> P‑èkèh tl’oo#d-D‑dììh “wipe inside P” see under dììh⁵

> P‑k’ì‑tl’oo#d-ìì‑t’ii “tie around P” see under t’ii

> P‑ì‑tl’oo#tl’ǫǫ “tie up P” see under tl’ǫǫ

tl’ǫǫ tie

mom	tl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h	tl’ǫǫ	tl’ǫǫlh	tl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h
cont	tl’ǫ̀ǫ̀’	tl’ǫǫ	tl’ǫ̀ǫ̀lh	tl’ǫ̀ǫ̀’

ketl’ǫǫ n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑ketl’ǫ̀ǫ̀’) ‑‑‑‑suketl’ǫ̀ǫ̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuketl’ǫ̀ǫ̀’ lhìnuntl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma [PA *tl’u:ŋ “tie, weave, knit, make net, set snare” (L87)]

O‑tl’ǫǫ v. (mom) occurs with small set of derivational prefixes. ‑‑‑‑Bes dichin lǫh k’àsiihtl’ǫǫ. ‑‑‑‑Ts’èhts’ìk kaghe k’ìdènaghghehtl’ǫǫ. ʘ^em

du#d‑ “high up” ‑‑‑‑Khugwùndànè’ dats’idèhtl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma

lhì# “together” ‑‑‑‑Nuk’wus lhe’intl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tl’oolh lhintl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tl’oolh nuk’wus lhintl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muketl’òò’ lhintl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìdastl’ǫǫlhe. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Lhoostl’ǫ̀ǫ̀hììsìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhits’ììhtl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma

pf (1s lhìsis‑, 2s lhìsin‑, 3s lhìsi‑, 1p lhìts’is‑, 2p lhìsah‑, 3p lhìghis‑) ‑‑‑‑Tl’oolh lhìsistl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tl’oolh muk’wus lhìsistl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’wus lhìsintl’ǫǫ. Shòwanlàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsat’a suk’wus lhinsistl’ǫǫ. ‑‑‑‑Ya lhìsitl’ǫǫa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muk’wus tl’oolh lhìts’istl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhìsahtl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya lhìghistl’ǫǫa? ʘ^ma

ki#gh‑ “to” ‑‑‑‑Mugwùndànè’ mugàh kighintl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ‑‑‑‑Kighèestl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kighghnehtl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kighnèehtl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ dìkighìstl’ǫǫ. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ dìkights’ìstl’ǫǫ. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑``’Ulà’ dìkighintl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h,’’ sèhnii. ʘ^em

chi#gh-n‑ “gather” ‑‑‑‑Dichin chighnèehtl’ǫǫ. ‑‑‑‑Chights’inoohtl’ǫ̀ǫ̀hii.

P‑i#’-ìì‑h-tl’ǫǫ v. (mom) ‑i# optionally becomes ii before ’. ‑‑‑‑Ya mi’ìnhtl’ǫǫa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kits’ììhtl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kii’ììhtl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudeh kii’ììhtl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Su’ahè’ ’ii’ììhtl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suzè’ ’ii’ììhtl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila ’uwute’e ’udighidàstl’ǫǫlhe ’ii sǫ ’udoo tudoostèhìì. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e ki’ìnhtl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of P‑i#’-ìì‑h-tl’ǫǫ see sǫ (under ’ii sǫ ’udoo).

dist ‑‑‑‑Dichin su’ahè’ ’inùsiihtl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma

P‑ì‑tl’oo#tl’ǫǫ v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Wìtl’oositl’ǫǫ. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sìtl’oontl’ǫ̀ǫ̀hììnò. ʘ^em

dist ‑‑‑‑Yukè’ ’itl’oonùtl’ǫ̀ǫ̀’.

P‑i-nu#’-tl’ǫǫ v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Ditsìì’ ’inasitl’ǫǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhitsìì’ ’inasahtl’ǫǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ditsììghà’ ’inusitl’ǫǫ.

mets’itl’ǫǫhii n.

kit’a#O‑d-ìì‑h-tl’ǫǫ v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs kit’adììhtl’ǫǫ. ‑‑‑‑Kit’ats’idììhtl’ǫǫ.

pass

’uzùs kit’adììtl’ǫǫh n. ʘ^ma

(P‑)du#O‑tl’ǫǫ v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Ninii joo da’intl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ‑‑‑‑Nun tinii’ą lǫh tamìlh duntl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tamìlh dusitl’ǫǫ.

dist ‑‑‑‑Dunùts’idatl’ǫ̀ǫ̀’e.

pass

tehmìlh datl’ǫǫii n.

P‑k’i#w-d‑h-tl’ǫǫ v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Oosdlooza k’oodinhtl’ǫ̀ǫ̀h. ‑‑‑‑Yik’oodèhtl’ǫǫ. ‑‑‑‑Mik’oots’idoohtl’ǫ̀ǫ̀hii.

nù#n-H‑tl’ǫǫ v. (cont) ‑‑‑‑’Uwute’e nùnudnintl’ǫ̀ǫ̀’. ‑‑‑‑Nùnunèestl’ǫǫ. ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dè’ nùnunèhtl’ǫǫ.

tl’òò

tl’òò‑nu#D‑ vpf. (s mom, neu) very commonly tl’òò‑nu‑ ‑‑> tl’ǫǫ‑ or tl’oon‑. occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Tl’oonsuja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdakhwìì tl’òònusuja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnòòwìì mun` mah tl’oonsuja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnòòwìì tl’òne tl’ǫǫsuja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mumah tl’òònayninht’èh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìnòòwìì tl’òne tl’òònusuja. [cf. tl’òne “bend, corner”]

tl’òò‑nu#d-D‑ vpf. (s mom, neu

mot ‑‑‑‑Tl’òònudats’iilh. ‑‑‑‑Tl’oondùsja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitl’òònudèehtsut. ‑‑‑‑Tl’oonts’idùst’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tl’oondèhts’ut. ʘ^ma

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Tl’òònaydùs’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse tl’òònudùsla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse tl’oondùsla. ʘ^ma

pos ‑‑‑‑Tl’òònudàahts’ii.

> Mun Tl’oonsit’iiyii “Ess L.” see under t’ii

> too tl’oondats’ulhii “whirlpool, eddy” see under ts’ut

tl’oolh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑tl’oolhè’) ‑‑‑‑Gwuda la nitl’oolhè’ sula. [cf. tl’ǫǫ “tie”] [PA *tl’u:ɬ “rope” (K05)]

’ah tl’oolhè’ n.

’idniidzą tl’oolh n. ‑‑‑‑Nubùt didììh dè’, ’idniidzą tl’oolh dinbets. Mitòò’ ’indǫ.

’įįhtl’oolhè’ n.

’oohch’ą̀s tl’oolh n.

’òòna tl’oolh n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Òòna tl’oolh zǫh ’òòna ghǫh siihlha. ʘ^ma

bes tę̀’ tl’oolh n.

k’à’ tl’oolh n.

‑dzįįdè’ tl’oolh n.

‑dzughè’ tl’oolh n.

gwùndàn zà’ tl’oolh n.

khelh tl’oolh n. (psd ‑ghelè’ tl’oolh)

nàhtunii tl’oolhè’ n. ʘ^ma

tlįį tl’oolh n.

tlįį bùt tl’oolh n.

‑tsìì’ tl’oolh n.

wisch’ilè’ tl’oolh n.

> tl’oolh kwùnè’ “electrical cord” see under kwùn

tl’ù

P‑tl’ù# vpf. (gh mom) occurs productively with clf-mot verbs. u+y ‑‑> ay; u+gh ‑‑> agh. ‑‑‑‑Mutl’àyiiskǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mutl’àyiis’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii mutl’èeskǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii ts’òòdane ma tl’ììnhtęa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma tl’ììnhtęa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna Andreas tl’ììhtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas tl’ììhtę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mutl’àyiihkuy. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mutl’àyiihk’as. For further example(s) of P‑tl’ù# see t’e² (under shòwa#n-t’e).

P‑tl’à’ kwu#n‑, P‑tl’à‑kwu#n‑ vpf. (n) occurs with clf-mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑Yutsudzii yutl’àkwunii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yutl’àkooynii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila sutl’àkooynii’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nulèè’ nutl’àkwuniihtę. ‑‑‑‑Nulèè’ nutl’àkwudastelhe.

P‑tl’à‑kwu# vpf. occurs with mot verbs. ‑‑‑‑’Uske sutl’àkwunatl’a.

tl’ųdza

d-ìì‑tl’ųdza v. ‑‑‑‑Dììtl’ųdza. ʘ^ma

d-D‑tl’ųdza v. ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe ’òòtlut sutl’àkwudatl’ųdza.

tl’ùghush n. (pr tl’ùghuʹsh) ʘ^ma [PA *tl’əɣ.əš/s^r “eel, leech, snake” (KL)]

tl’un

mom

tl’un

tl’un

tl’un

tl’un

dzèh tl’unè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Ts’oostsęhe dzèh tl’unè’ ’udàà’ nònè’ ’ute’e.

‑dzììì’ tl’unè’, ‑dzììhtl’unè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mudzììì’ tl’unè’ ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑mudzììhtl’unè’ ʘ^mc

O‑tl’un v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Ya mìninhtl’una? ‑‑‑‑Dichin mìniistl’un. ‑‑‑‑Jo midziìì’ la ’òòna mìniistl’un kwudisdii, muk’wus dzè’ lìì. ‑‑‑‑Nun yììyiitl’un. ‑‑‑‑Bes maniistl’un. ‑‑‑‑Ts’asnone saniitl’un. ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ninusutl’un. ʘ^em

nù#O‑d-tl’un v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin nùdèestl’un. ‑‑‑‑Nùstonii nùdìintl’un.

P‑k’oo#d-h‑tl’un v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Mik’oodinhtl’un. ‑‑‑‑Yik’oodèhtl’un.

P‑dòò‑nu#d-h‑tl’un v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Yidòònudèhtl’un. ‑‑‑‑Sukè’ dòònudinhtl’un.

mu’èh ’udòònudutl’unii, mu’èh ’udòònuts’idehtl’unii n.

lhi#d-h‑tl’un v. (ìì,s) ‑‑‑‑Lhidìnhtl’un. ‑‑‑‑Lhindidàstl’une.

tl’ùnj

’u#w-d‑tl’ùnjidii v. ‑‑‑‑’Uwidutl’ùnjidii. ʘ^ma

tl’ùs

ts’estl’ùsa n. (pr ts’estl’ùsaʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Salix) ‑‑‑‑Ts’estl’ùsa joo, lìdii ’uts’idi’įįh. ‑‑‑‑Ts’estl’ùsa la Fort Garry tea ’ìghidii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è tl’owe tah ts’estl’ùsa nùstlǫ. ʘ^ma

tl’ųsa

d-ìì‑tl’ųsa v. ‑‑‑‑Dììtl’ųsa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tazowe widììtl’ųsa. ‑‑‑‑Koohtsè’è wudììtl’ųsa. ʘ^ma

tl’ùts¹

‑tl’ùdzè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Mutl’ùdzè’ k’oowìsch’il. ‑‑‑‑Mutl’ùdzè’ kùghiiht’ats. Sinii joo sutl’ùdzè’ kùghiiht’ats. [PA *tl’ə’č’-e’ “gall bladder” (L87)]

d-n‑tl’ùts v. ‑‑‑‑Dinùstl’ùts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nu’èjè’ dinùstl’ùts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑jìje dinùstl’ùdzii ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ dinùstl’ùts. ‑‑‑‑Widnùstl’ùts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e widnùstl’ùts. ‑‑‑‑Dinùstl’ùdzajàh. [PA *d-tl’ə’č’ “be blue-green” (L87)]

Dune dinùstl’ùdzii n.

d-n‑ìì‑tl’ùts v. ‑‑‑‑Dinììtl’ùts.

ku#d-n‑tl’ùts v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Sudàà’ kudnatl’ùts. ʘ^ma For further examples of ku#d-n‑tl’ùts see tl’à’ (under ‑tl’à’); ts’un (under leg).

P‑’èh nu#w-d‑n-tl’ùts v. ‑‑‑‑Mu’èh nawdnatl’ùts. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nu’èh nawdnootl’ùdzììsį̀į̀h. ʘ^em

tl’ùts²

d-tl’ùts v. ‑‑‑‑Kwùn dutl’ùts.

TS

tsà’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑tsàè’, dim tsàazii) ʘ^ma (Castor canadensis) ‑‑‑‑Nutsàè’ ’ewdoodiihììsį̀į̀. Khudant’e. ʘ^ma [PA *ča’ “beaver” (L87)]

Tsà’ pn.

Tsà’ Munè’ pn.

Tsà’ tah wudunè’ prsn. ʘ^ma

Tsà’ Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

Tsà’ Ts’elę pn. ʘ^ma

Dishìnii Tsà’ pn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dushìnii Tsà’ ʘ^lt TsK’ pronunciation.

> tsà’ ’edè’ “ice chisel” see under dè’²

> tsà’ kę̀’ “beaver lodge” see under kę̀’

> tsà’ lę̀’ “beaver castor” see under lę̀’

> tsà’ mitii “blanket beaver” see under tii

> tsà’ kat’eii “especially large grizzly” see under t’e¹

> Tsà’ ’Utsughde “lake near Cabina” see under tsugh

> tsà’ yà’ “unidentified, parasitic insect on beaver” see under yà’²

tsahsįįhe n. (pr tsahsįįʹhe) ʘ^ma (Anas americana) variant of tahsįįhe.

tsàhyona n. (pr tsàhyoʹna) ʘ^ma

tsas¹, tsaz

tsas, tsaz n. (Hedysarum boreale)

tsas: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsas ’intsudzo? ʘ^ma

tsaz: ʘ^mc

ch’iiyonè’ tsasè’ n.

tsas²

mom	tsas	tsas	tsas	tsas
per	tsas	tsas	tsas	tsas
prog	tsas

‑tsas v. (mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Ghutsas. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yuk’èh ghutsas.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ètsas. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei

mom ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè dùstsas. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàsutsas.

chi#gh-n‑tsas v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Deda chighnìintsasa? ‑‑‑‑Sugònè’ chighnùstsas. ‑‑‑‑Sitoowatàlè’ chighnùstsas.

nu#O‑h-tsas v. ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh nuwehtsas. ʘ^ma

too-nu#O‑h-tsas v. ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh toonuwehtsas. ʘ^ma

tsaz

dur

tsaz

tsaz

tsaz

tsaz

d-d‑D-tsaz v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Ts’ididutsaz. ‑‑‑‑Didastsaz.

tsasela n. (pr tsaseʹla) ʘ^ma (Bombycilla garrulus)

tsat’a n. (psd ‑tsat’à’, ‑tsat’àa) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii mutsat’à’ mànhtsoos. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ehe ’ech’à’ nuts’at’àa ’èh nitsìì’ dawninhdiih. For further example(s) of tsat’a see dìì’¹ (under du#w-n‑diih).

tsatsònè’ n. For example(s) for tsatsònè’ see ’ùkoo. [cf. tsònè’ “excrement”]

tsatsònè’ ’ut’àsii n.

> tsatsònè’ kǫh “tool shed” see under kǫh

tse¹

tse n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑tsèè’) [PA *tse: “stone” (KL)]

rock, stone: ‑‑‑‑Tse tinuts’ut. ʘ^ma

mountain: ‑‑‑‑Tsek’ene tsèè’ ‑‑‑‑Tse k’udzè’ ghidùsdetl. For further example(s) of mountain see la¹ (under sentence-final la).

pipe: ‑‑‑‑mutsèè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑sutsèè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sucha, ’uyii sutsèè’ sùn’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

Tse Ts’elę̀’ pn.

’Àtse Davie Tsèè’ pn.

> tse ’ę̀dzè’ “cliff, bluff” see under ’ę̀dzè’

> tse biije “snowdrift” see under biije

> Tse Bùjè’ “the Russell Range” see under bùch

> tse dzèh “cliff, bluff” see under dzèh²

> tse k’ahii “file” see under k’ah¹

> tse mèh ’uts’uk’àsii “whetstone, file” see under k’àts¹

> Tse K’eh “village of Tsay Keh Dene” see under k’eh

> tse sa “coarse sand, pebble” see under sa²

> tse ze “obsidian” see under ze

> Tse Zoolè’ “upper Gataga R.” see under zool

> tse zùs “fishnet sinker pocket” see under zùs¹

> tse dehtàdla “marble” see under tàdla

> Tse Tah “village of Tsay Keh Dene” see under tah¹

> tse chow dehtalha “harlequin duck” see under talha

> Tse Tii “Rocky Mountains” see under tii

> tse tl’ah “valley” see under tl’ah²

tse²

‑tse n. (dim ‑tsa, voc ’àtse) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (ase “my grandfather” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑mutse ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Àtse didììh. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’òòdane wootse kwune ghìdane lhonè’ shòwà’ keghidììh. ‑‑‑‑’Ùse kwune wìsdììhe dèsǫ kughiiht’è. [PA *čə’ye: “grandfather” (K05)]

’Àtsa’įį Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

’Àtse Tomah Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

’Àtse Tomah Dotiiye pn. ʘ^ma

‑tse n. (voc ’use) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑sutse ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Use didììh.

tse³

> tse#d-D‑dììh “be quiet” see under dììh²

tsè’

‑tsè’è dir. ‑‑‑‑yìtsè’è ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Gòòhtsè’è kìtl’undìstsuts. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane ’ìtsè’è lhoowe kat’e. ‑‑‑‑Yahtsè’andeh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yìtsè’è dintl’à’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑yahtsè’èsgòòh [PA *tsən’ “down to shore, toward front (of house)” (L89)]

‑tsìda dir. ‑‑‑‑’ìtsìda ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìtsìda siih’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Yìtsìda kǫh wuts’àdzè’ wuk’ànustą. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’ìtsìda dzį̀į̀s tiseh’ǫ. ʘ^ma [PA *tsį’:‑d “down to shore, toward front (of house) (punctual)” (L89)]

P‑tsìda p. ‑‑‑‑’Iiya yitsìda suda.

mun tsìda dìilį̀į̀’ n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mun tsìda dìilį̀į̀’ k’èsdah. ʘ^ma

’ulà’ tsìda n. ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ tsìda suda.

‑tsǫ̀ǫ̀da dir. ‑‑‑‑Yahtsǫ̀ǫ̀da wits’idasyalhe. ‑‑‑‑Yìtsǫ̀ǫ̀da mama ’ǫ̀da big tent dughehlha. ‑‑‑‑Yahtsòòda la dune kǫh wuts’àdzè’ wuk’ànustą.

P‑tsǫ̀ǫ̀da p. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’iila yitsǫ̀ǫ̀da suda.

‑tsìdze dir. ‑‑‑‑yìtsìdze ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Baba yìtsìdze wuts’eh dune ’ulę. For further example(s) of ‑tsìdze see tl’a (under cust).

‑tsòòwìì, ‑tsǫ̀ǫ̀wìì dir. ‑‑‑‑yìtsòòwìì ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’ìtsǫ̀ǫ̀wìì ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’iihtsòòwìì k’ègwujii wuk’ànustą. ‑‑‑‑Yìtsòòwìì ’ìdighè tsits lhìnunèhtlah. Dedii wuts’eh sǫ nunètlahii sat’è, yìdighè lhunajàh, ’ìdà’è wuts’èhsą. ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo ’ìtsǫ̀ǫ̀wìì k’ìts’idabęlhe. ʘ^ma For further examples of ‑tsòòwìì, ‑tsǫ̀ǫ̀wìì see dah¹ (under P‑dah); disk’įįhje.

tseh

P‑tseh p. ‑‑‑‑mutseh ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Sutseh ghuyalh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’òòsgą sutseh dusuda. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį ’utseh suda. ‑‑‑‑Wilson khutseh yahdè’è kuda zèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑wutseh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nutseh k’èsdah. ‑‑‑‑Sutseh nùzut. For further example(s) of P‑tseh see ni¹ (under ni#).

P‑datseh p. ‑‑‑‑Sudatseh ghuyalh. ‑‑‑‑Sudatseh nùzut. ‑‑‑‑Nudatseh wuk’ànhtą.

khutsehdzii n. ‑‑‑‑Sukhutsehdzii laghiiht’e. ‑‑‑‑Khutsehdzii ’èh sinawdidich. ‑‑‑‑Khutsehdzii k’èhdzè’ ladziiht’e. ʘ^em [< khutseh “before us” + ?]

tachǫh wutseh pp. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tachǫh wutseh la kuda zèehkhę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“Tachǫh wutseh la k’udàzǫh ghinidòòwè, Antoine ’èh,” mama woowèhnii. (Early Travels)

kàhgàdǫ̀ wutseh n.

> tsehyèlh “axe handle” see under yèlh

> Tsek’ene “Sekani” see under k’eh

tselh n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑tselhè’) ‑‑‑‑mutselhè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mutselhè’ nidòòwè. Dedzii sǫ taydùs’ǫ̀. ʘ^ma

tselha n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑tseèlha) ‑‑‑‑mutseèlha ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dutseèlha ’èh yidzòòniihyhìtl.

tsèl, yhìtl chop, toss compact, contained

dur	tsèl	yhìtl	tsèl	tsèl
mom	tsèl	yhìtl	tsùlh	tsèl/yhìlh
per	tsùlh	tsùlh	tsùlh	tsùlh
per	yhìlh	yhìlh	yhìlh	yhìlh
prog	tsùlh/yhìlh

’uyìdlè’ n. (psd ‑eyìdlè’) ‑‑‑‑’Uyìdlè’ ’unleh. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo meyìdlè’ nin’į̀į̀h.

’uts’unè’ yìdla n.

Dune ’Edzį̀į̀hyhìtl pn. ʘ^lt ʘ^lt

O‑tsèl v.

dur ‑‑‑‑Tselh ’èh widintsèl. ‑‑‑‑Tsuts diihyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Yidiihyhìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khunùs ’ets’inììhyhìtl, ’ets’idnììhyhìtl. [PA *tse:tl’ “chop, hew” (L87)]

wutsèlii, mèh ’utsèlii n. ‑‑‑‑Wutsèlii ’èh naydììyìtl.

mom¹ For examples for mom¹ see nù³ (under nù#gh-ìì‑); ts’a (under ‑ts’a#n-ìì‑).

nù#O‑d-tsèl v. ‑‑‑‑Naydèhyhìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ’èha nùdìinhyhìdla? ‑‑‑‑Tselh ’èh nùdèehyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin nùdèhyhìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Naydatsùlhè. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tse ’èh nùts’idootsèlii. ‑‑‑‑Ma naywoohyhìlh? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of nù#O‑d-tsèl see dèz (under neu).

P‑ilhe#d-n‑tsèl v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì yilhednèhyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Gǫ̀ze ’ilhednatsùlhe. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gat ’ilhednatsùlhe. ʘ^ma

P‑tl’u#d-ìì‑tsèl v. ‑‑‑‑Yutl’udììhyhìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gat tl’udììhyhìtl. ʘ^ma

pass ‑‑‑‑’Utl’udììyìtl.

O‑tsèl v.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìyatsùlh.

mom² ‑‑‑‑Sukè’ kaghe nìihyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Nùdastsùlhe. ‑‑‑‑’Utsìì’ tiniihyhìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tselh ’èh mìniihyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Yìniihyhìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑“’Ii tse ’èh muts’ughe nudèehyhìtl,” ’ìdissįį. (Early Travels) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii munughonè’ kuntsèl. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii nùstonii lhintsèl. ’Umanleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gòòle sudowa lhintsèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Maniihyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Lhìyiihyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Yàwts’ootsèlii. ‑‑‑‑Tiìniihyhìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tits’iniihyhìtl. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom² see e² (under P‑e#n-ìì‑¹).

w-d‑tsèl v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’uyii ’ì’ǫ̀dze wudatsùlh. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑Mary ’èh k’oodahtsùlh? Dedza? ‑‑‑‑K’oots’idutsùlh. ‑‑‑‑Tselh ’èh k’oowdutsùlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane tse ’èh k’oowoodutsùlh. ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, k’oots’idootsùlhii. ʘ^ma

’-n‑h-tsèl v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Nanahtsùlh. ‑‑‑‑Nanahyhìlh.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ets’inehtsùlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’eniihtsulh lǫ̀.

mom³ ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh ts’è’ nadnèhyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Yànèhyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè ’uts’idnèhyhìtl. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of mom³ see ì¹ (under ’i#d-n‑(D‑)).

> Tselone “a Sekani band” see under lǫh

tset

mom	tset	tsèt	tsulh	tset
prog	tsulh

(n‑)tset v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Kwùla ’ìtsè’è too nàatsulh.

mom ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ too nùnutset. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too nùnatsèt. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla too ’ìtsè’è nudùstsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode too wìlę ’elhèh. Too nàatset lǫ̀, ’udoo yèda wìlę. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’, too nùnawtsedii. ʘ^ma

tsi

> tsi#w-n‑ “in the nose” see under tsįįh⁴

tsì¹

tsì#d‑ vpf. (gh mom

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Tsìdiis’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Tsìts’idii’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Tsìnudiisla.

mot ‑‑‑‑Tsìdiiya. ʘ^ma

tsì²

tsì# inc.

> ‑tsì‑t’ù‑nu#O‑d‑’ą “wear, put on O (hat, cover)” see under ’ą¹

> tsì‑nu#O‑d-D‑’ą “wear, put on O (hat, cover)” see under ’ą¹

> tsì#O‑gh‑’ą “place O (head)” see under ’ą¹

> ti-tsì#O‑gh‑’ą “criticize O” see under ’ą¹

> tsì#h‑’ą “head is (in position) ” see under ’ą²

> tsì#h‑’ę̀sha “have bushy hair” see under ’ę̀sha

> tsìsdzįįlha “curly-haired person” see under dzįįlha

> tu-tsì(‑nu)#h-kuy “poke head” see under kah

> ‑tsìda “downhill at location” see under tsè’

> ‑tsìdah “on top” see under dah⁶

> ‑tsìdalà’ “bow (of boat), tip (of tree), end (of branch)” see under iilà’

> ‑tsìdze “from downhill” see under tsè’

Tsiga prsn. (pr Tsigaʹ) ʘ^ma name of man buried at Kwùlą Sudade.

> ‑tsigǫ̀’ “dry meat” see under gwun²

tsila n. (pr tsiʹla) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Spermophilus columbianus)

tsinè’

kwùla tsinè’ adv. (pr kwùlaʹ tsiʹnè) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùla tsinè’ ’uyii dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza nunètlah. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla tsinè’ satiiyawìjàh.

kwatsinè’ adv. [< kwa “already, now, finally”] ‑‑‑‑Kwatsinè’ ninudììja. Shòwak’èdahanujàh. ‑‑‑‑Kwatsinè’ ’ùkoo ’òòna dachowii gòòlii ’èhììt’è’ ’udoo mudowa yèda ’èht’e.

> ‑tsìsgwùda “bald spot” see under gwùt¹

> tsìsjida “cotton-grass” see under jit²

> tsìskhedzii “spring pole” see under khèts

> ‑tsìsghwusha “curly hair” see under ghwush

> ‑tsìstah “inside the nose, nasal sinus” see under tah¹

tsìstsèla n. ʘ^ma (Anas crecca)

tsìstsèla chow n. (Anas discors)

tsitu

tsitu# vpf. (n mom

mot ‑‑‑‑Tsituniiya. ‑‑‑‑Yutl’ǫh tsitununuja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsituts’inii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsitunutl’a. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka tsitawstl’à’a? ʘ^ma

clt-mot ‑‑‑‑Tsitaynii’ǫ.

> tsit’àskàda “thimbleberry” see under kàt

tsìtl, tsutl

‑tsìdla v.

neu ‑‑‑‑Katsìdla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Datsìdla. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuwatsìdla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Datsìdlajàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duts’atsìdla, kuts’atsìdla. ‑‑‑‑Su’ejè’ datsidlàjàh. ‑‑‑‑Katsìdla sùn’ą̀h. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didii soonè’ katsìdla nuntsuts. ‑‑‑‑Datsìdla zǫh nighdììla. ʘ^ma

dist ‑‑‑‑Dunùts’atsìdla wuts’eh jode zǫh khutawnèyǫ.

compar ‑‑‑‑Shòwatsidlànleh, shòwà’ datsidlànleh. ‑‑‑‑Dèkatsìdla? ʘ^ma

duwatsidla adv. ‑‑‑‑Duwatsidla dusbùt. ‑‑‑‑Duwatsidla nùduzowa. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of duwatsidla see dah⁵ (under nù#gh-dah).

tsudla adj.

bes tsudla n.

Bes Tsudla Tsèè’ pn. ʘ^ma

Dzehtsudla pn.

Dzehtsudla Munè’ pn. ‑‑‑‑Dzehtsudla Lake ʘ^ma

‑kestsudla n. ‑‑‑‑Sukestsudla k’oodidììh.

‑lastsudla n.

’utsiisudla n. ʘ^ma (Vaccinium myrtillus) [< sts ‑‑> s]

tsits n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Tsits ts’è’ tisiniih’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsits tùsiihtę. [compare Kas (LL, DL) tsets and Bv (D) tsits]

tsits chow n. ʘ^ma (Anas platyrhnchos)

tsìts

’utsìts n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑etsìdzè’) ‑‑‑‑’Utsìts saniigèt. ‑‑‑‑Detsìdzè’ ’èh kwùnudehtsùgh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii metsìdzè’ màntį̀į̀h. [PA *tsəx̣-ɬ “awl” (L87)]

tsits’òò’

‑tsits’òò’ n. ‑‑‑‑’utsits’òò’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mitsits’òò’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑nitsits’òò’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsits’òò’ na’ute’e? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsits’òò’ nalhidììh? ʘ^ma

> ‑tsits’ų̀’ “skull” see under ts’un

tsii elongated

mom

tseh

tsii

tselh

tseh

O‑tsii v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Didii tùs ’ide nuntseh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin nìitsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùyiitsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tùs nììtsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sutùsè’ nìistsii. ’Ahyughà ’idnùsghèts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dutsule kwiiyiitsii. [PA *(ɬ)‑tsəx^y “act endwise with sticklike object, point, poke, drive in” (L87)]

P‑inu#’-h‑tsii v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Khudowa gah ’ina’iihtsii. ‑‑‑‑Gah ’ina’iihtsii ’ii tl’ǫh lhoowe joo ’ina’iihtsii. ‑‑‑‑Diih ’inadastsii.

dist ‑‑‑‑Gah ’ìnùnats’ehtsii.

P‑è‑kwù#d-h‑tsii v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Mèkwùdinhtseh. ‑‑‑‑Mèkwùts’idnìihtsii.

tsìì’

‑tsìì’ n. ‑‑‑‑sitsìì’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑sutsìì’ ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑nitsìì’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑nutsìì’ ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑mitsìì’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mutsìì’ ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Mitsìdah mitsììghà’ nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Sutsìì’ k’oodudììh. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Dune tsìì’ k’oodidììh da witsį̀į̀’. [PA *tsi’ “head” (K05)]

’ah tsìì’ n. (psd ‑’ahè’ tsìì’) ‑‑‑‑Su’ahè’ tsìì’ lhetòn.

> mutsìì’ nidnadesda “white-crowned sparrow, white-throated sparrow” see under desda

> mitsìì’ lhinììkùja “swallow” see under kùja

> ‑tsìì’ tl’oolh “headband” see under tl’oolh

> tsì# “head” see under tsì²

tsį̀į̀’

n-tsį̀į̀’ v. (neu) n‑ absent with w‑ areal and in optative. [PA *n-čə’ŋ’ “be stingy, bad” (L87)]

impf (1s nistsį̀į̀’, 2s nin‑, 3s ni‑, 1p ts’ini‑, 2p nah‑, 3p ghini‑) ‑‑‑‑Nintsį̀į̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nitsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nutsį̀į̀’. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Wuts’è’ nitsį̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Dune nitsį̀į̀’ne dune woots’ehdune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ’èh dùnitsį̀į̀’a! ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila nitsį̀į̀’ajàh. ʘ^ma

opt For example(s) for opt see tl’ǫh (under after).

w‑ areal ‑‑‑‑Wìtsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wùtsį̀į̀’ ʘ^ma

wìtsį̀į̀’de n. ‑‑‑‑Kooyà wìtsį̀į̀’de ’udoo k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wìtsį̀į̀’de sulèè’ tùsiihdlat. ʘ^ma

wìtsį̀į̀’ii adv. ‑‑‑‑Wìtsį̀į̀’ii kesinhdį̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Wìtsį̀į̀’ii nùsustę. ‑‑‑‑Wùtsį̀į̀’ii wìì’ą. ʘ^em

wìtsį̀į̀’da n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Wìtsį̀į̀’da ’umawindleh. Kùdinlèh. ‑‑‑‑Wìtsį̀į̀’da wutsuts. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of wìtsį̀į̀’da see tsuts² (under O‑d-n‑tsuts).

wìtsį̀į̀’da wukǫh n.

P‑e#w-tsį̀į̀’ v. also P‑è#w-tsį̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Mewitsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune mewutsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Dune ghàghudane woo’èh lhìwìtsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woo’èh lhòòwìtsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma

d-h‑tsį̀į̀’ v. ‑‑‑‑Lhits’idèhtsį̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Nidèestsį̀į̀’adinii. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nidèestsį̀į̀’ ’ii ghǫh go nunèeh susda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudzèè’ ’ute’e kwudisdii. Dùdèhtsį̀į̀’a! ‑‑‑‑Nukhuk’ànunoostą̀’ììsį̀į̀, dùdahtsį̀į̀’ wuka. ʘ^ma

ku#d-h‑tsį̀į̀’ v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Kudèhtsį̀į̀’ii gòòlii miidìì’ ’ute’e.

tsį̀į̀’ adj. For example(s) for tsį̀į̀’ see dèh (under opt).

> tsì#d-h‑t’e “be bad” see under t’e¹

tsiidii n. (pr tsiiʹdii) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc

d-tsiida v. ‑‑‑‑Ditsiida. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukodè’ ditsiida. ‑‑‑‑Tsiidii ditsiidàjàh.

tsįįh¹

dur

tsįįh

tsįįh

tsįįlh

tsįįh

(P‑ts’è’) sa#w-d‑d-h‑tsįįh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Zutl dinii. Muts’è’ sawdidastsįįlhe. ‑‑‑‑Sawts’ididehtsįįh.

(P‑ts’è’) ti#O‑D-tsįįh v. (dur) ti‑’ ‑‑> te. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo suts’è’ tintsįįh. ‑‑‑‑Tets’atsįįh. ‑‑‑‑Muts’è’ toostsįįhii.

tsįįh²

tsįįh n. [PA *či:x^y “ochre” (L87)]

Tsįįhii Gàh pn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsįįhii ʘ^lt short form of this place name.

tsįįh³

conc	tsįįh	tsįį	tsįįlh	tsįįh
cont	tsį̀į̀’	tsį̀į̀’		tsį̀į̀’

O‑h-tsįįh v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑’Ah ’ehtsįįh. ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh nuwehtsįįh. ‑‑‑‑George ’utune wehtsįįhii koodi’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑’Ah sehtsįį. ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, khinii joo khelà’ ts’oohtsįįhii. For further examples of O‑h-tsįįh see ta² (under P‑ta#n‑); ta² (under (lhu‑)ta#d‑). [PA *ɬ-či: “make sg., collect pl.” (L87)]

refl ‑‑‑‑’Ah dèhtsįį. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’ìdà’è ’utune wudèhtsįį. ʘ^ma

kwùn tòò’ ts’ehtsįįhii, khinch’ah ts’ehtsįįhii n.

lhighdèhtsįį n.

w-h‑tsįįh v. ‑‑‑‑Wèhtsįį. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii yhììh woohtsįįhììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Widahtsįįlhe.

dù#w-h‑tsįį, nù#w-h‑tsįį v. ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh nùnuwèhtsįį lǫ̀. ʘ^ma

dùwèhtsįį, nùwèhtsįį. n. (pl dòòwèhtsine, dàwèhtsįį)

dùwèhtsįį: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dùwèhtsįį dune tunudììdùlh.

nùwèhtsįį: ʘ^ma

nù#O‑n-h‑tsįį v. (cont) ‑‑‑‑Nùninhtsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nelà’ nùninhtsį̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì nu’ędii ’uslàh. Nùnèestsį̀į̀’. ‑‑‑‑Khelà’ nùts’inoohtsį̀į̀’ii.

‑k’à#w-d‑tsį̀į̀’ v. (cont) cont stems. ‑‑‑‑Muk’àwdintsį̀į̀’. ʘ^em

tsįįh⁴ nose

per

tsįįh

tsįįh

tsįįlh

tsįįh

‑tsįįh n. ‑‑‑‑sitsįįh dulè’ ‑‑‑‑Sitsįįh wughwùsa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nitsįįh tliin ’uwindleh. For further example(s) of ‑tsįįh see t’ęh (under caus). [PA *čį:x^y “nose” (KL)] [cf. d-D‑tsįįkh “blow nose”]

w-d‑h-tsįįh v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Kuda k’èh widahtsįįlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utune widahtsįįlh. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune lèè’ kooyè k’oodehtsįįh. ʘ^ma

tsi#w-n‑ vpf. (gh ) occurs with succ verbs; i-w ‑‑> oo. ‑‑‑‑Mitsooniihgwutl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsinawniihgwutl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mitsoots’iniihgwutl. ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo nitsoodnasgwulhe. For further example(s) of tsi#w-n‑ see bììch (under O‑h-bììch).

tsįįh-e# inc.

> tsįįh-e#d-D‑get “animal walks and sniffs” see under gèt

> tsįįh khųz “mucus, snot” see under khųz

tsįįhdà adv. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsįįhdành’įį. ʘ^ma

tsiik’èdè’ n. (pr tsiik’èʹdè’) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma (Parus atricapillus or Parus hudsonicus)

tsįįkh

dur

tsįįkh

tsįįkh

tsįįkh

tsįįkh

d-D‑tsįįkh v. [cf. ‑tsįįh “nostril, inside the nose”]

dur ‑‑‑‑Datsįįkh.

> tsììgha “hair of the head” see under gha²

> tsììghet “pillow” see under ghet

> ‑tsììkhǫ̀’ “brain” see under khǫ̀’

tsį̀į̀s

’utsį̀į̀s n. ‑‑‑‑’Utsį̀į̀s sa’ute’e.

tsiiya n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑tsiiya, dim tsiiya) ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs tughulii ’ughììlàhii looht’e, ’ii tsiiya zùs wuyè.

‑tsiiya n. ‑‑‑‑Mitsiiya wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’òòst’ę tsiiya ‑‑‑‑dlèzhe tsiiya

ts’odze tsiiya n. ʘ^ma

musàhtsiiyè’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma [< mu‑ 3sg + sa “month” + h + tsiiye “calf”; i.e. “ahead in months”]

tsǫ̀’

conc

tsǫ̀’

tsǫ̀’

tsǫ̀’

tsǫ̀’

tsǫ̀’ n. (psd ‑tsònè’) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda tsònè’ ’ìslòòh. [PA *ts^ra’:n’ “excrement” (K05)]

duch’we tsònè’ n.

kù#tsǫ̀’ v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Tlįį kùsutsǫ̀’.

dune kùtsǫ̀’de n.

dune kùtsǫ̀’ii kǫh n. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè tazowe la dune kùtsǫ̀’ii kǫh wìlę.

> tsò’-è#H-da “defecate while squatting” see under da³

> tsǫ̀’ wustsudza “butterfly (nickname)” see under tsuts²

tsowa

d-tsowa v. (pr ‑tsoʹwa) ‑‑‑‑Dutsowa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mutsìì’ dutsowa. ‑‑‑‑Sudowa dutsowa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna mudàà’ dutsowa. ‑‑‑‑Widutsowadììlh. ‑‑‑‑Mukaghe nik’òògè’ dutsowa. [PA *l-tsʊɣ. “be yellow, tan” (L87)]

d-n‑ìì‑tsowa v. ‑‑‑‑Dinììtsowa.

tsǫǫ

‑tsǫǫ n. (voc ’àtsǫǫ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (dim ‑tswązii, voc ’àtswązii) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (asų “my grandmother” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑mitsǫǫ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑mutswązii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didii la ’àtsǫǫ looht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’àtsǫǫ wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nitsǫǫ dèòòya? [PA *‑ču: “maternal grandmother” (K05)]

‑tsǫǫ n. (voc ’usǫǫ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma (esų “my mother-in-law” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’usǫǫ wìlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Didii la ’usǫǫ looht’e. ‑‑‑‑sitsǫǫ ʘ^ma vocative normally used instead.

> ‑tsǫ̀ǫ̀da “downhill at location” see under tsè’

tsooh

mom

tsooh

tsòò

tsoolh

tsooh

O‑d-n‑ìì‑h-tsooh v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Ts’idnììhtsòò. ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs dinììhtsòò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udnììhtsòò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya dinììhtsòòwa? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Faye ’uzùs ’ulàh. Yidnàhtsoolhe. ʘ^ma

pass

’uzùs dinììtsòòwii n. ʘ^ma

tsoos clothlike

mom	tsoos	tsòòs	tsoos	tsoos
per	tsoos	tsoos	tsoos	tsoos
neu	tsòòs	tsòòs	tsòòs	tsòòs
prog	tsoos

O‑h-tsòòs v. (clf-mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Tlįį ’uzùs lhunahtsoos.

per ‑‑‑‑Duts’ùdè’ k’ìyiihtsoos.

mom ‑‑‑‑Sànhtsoos. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii joo sàhtsoos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nusodninhtsoos. ‑‑‑‑Duts’ùdè’ sàniihtsoos lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Sàyniihtsòòs. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Duts’ùdè’ lhut dunadehtsoos. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Lhut dunaydehtsoos. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Ya nàwstsoosa?

h-tsòòs v. (clf neu) ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ nun k’eh sehtsòòs. [PA *ɬ-k^yu’:z “cloth is” (L87)]

caus ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs too tah sinhtsòòs. Tisinhtsòòs.

w-n‑h-tsòòs v. Nominal derivatives are better translated as verbs in some examples. ‑‑‑‑Koodnìihtsòòs ’òòwììht’e. ʘ^ma

winiihtsòòsii n. ‑‑‑‑Winiihtsòòsii k’èhdzè’ ts’a’às.

dawnèhtsòòs n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè dawnèhtsòòsii k’èhdzè’ ts’a’às. ‑‑‑‑Gwa dawnèhtsòòsde la kuda ’ut’e. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda dawnèhtsòòsde ninyah. ʘ^ma

kawniihtsòòs n. ‑‑‑‑’Ii dawnèhtsòòs wuts’eh ’ìdahdzè’ kawniihtsòòs. ʘ^ma

koonèhtsòòsde n. ʘ^ma

nawnìihtsòòs n. ʘ^ma

nawnèhtsòòs n. ʘ^ma

tawnèhtsòòs n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yahyughà la tawnèhtsòòs gwudzè’ tùsinyah. ʘ^ma

tsooską adj. ʘ^ma (pr tsooskąʹ) ‑‑‑‑dune tsooską ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’umawii tsooską lat’e. ʘ^ma

tsoostą

’utsoostą n. ‑‑‑‑’Utsoostą ’udnindlehii ’èh ’ìtsè’è nùdindah.

> ‑tsoosts’įįle “reticulum, second stomach in moose” see under ts’įįle

tsoot

conc

tsoot

tsoot

tsoot

tsoot

‑tsoodè’ n.

nitsoodè’ exp. ‑‑‑‑Nitsoodè’ dìsjit. ‑‑‑‑Mitsoodè’ ’ukudidèesdìì’.

d-tsoot v.

conc ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì dèestsoot. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dìstsoot. ‑‑‑‑Mednììtsoot.

mom ‑‑‑‑K’edidìstsoot. ‑‑‑‑Wuk’awdnatsoode.

> ‑tsooda#w-D‑làh “beat up” see under làh

> ‑tsòòwìì “downhill in general area” see under tsè’

tsùdl

d-n‑ìì‑tsùdlidii v. ‑‑‑‑Dinììtsùdlidii.

Dune dinììtsùdlidii prsn.

> tsudla “small, little” see under tsìtl

tsudzè’ adv. ‑‑‑‑Yutl’ǫh gwuda tsudzè’ yetsùnè’ k’è’ììts’ut. (based on a sentence from Nats’oodalh) [from TsK’/McL]

tsugh cry

dur

tsugh

tsègh

tsugh

tsugh

(D‑)tsugh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Datsughe ’èht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii baby lhą̀hdzè’ nìnètsègh. ʘ^ma [PA *ts^re’:ɣ. “cry” (L79)]

impf (1s ’ustsugh, 2s ’in‑, 3s ’u‑, 1p ts’u‑, 2p ’ah‑, 3p ghu‑) ‑‑‑‑’Ustsugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suwǫh ’utsugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nughǫh ’ustsugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’intsugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Intsugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’utsugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghutsugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ch’oonè’ ’utsugh dìsts’ugh.

pf (1s ghustsègh, 2s ghiin‑, 3s ghu‑/ghii‑, 1p ts’a‑, 2p ghah‑, 3p gha‑) ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ghustsègh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghiintsèghǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ghutsègh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghutsèghǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghiitsègh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ts’atsègh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghahtsèghǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ghatsègh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Teanna ’enììtsègh.

opt (1s wustsughii, 2s win‑, 3s wu‑, 1p ts’oo‑, 2p wah‑, 3p ‑‑) ‑‑‑‑Wustsughii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wintsughǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wutsughii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ootsughii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wahtsughǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghootsughii. ʘ^ma

’utsughii n.

too tsughii n. ʘ^ma (Gavia immer)

Too Tsughii Munè’ pn.

Tsà’ ’Utsughde pn. ʘ^ma

‑tsughè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Mutsughè’ nitsį̀į̀’. Mughǫh sidzooht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila nidììyah, dune tsughè’ nidììyah. ‑‑‑‑Lhèhgą̀h ’awdidit’į̀į̀hda mutsughè’ nitsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma

tsugh# inc.

> tsugh-è#H-da “sg. cry while sitting” see under da³

> P‑tsugh-u#w-d‑nii “P cries around ” see under nii¹

> tsugh-e#d-D‑ya “walk crying” see under ya³

tsùgh sew hide

mom	tsèh	tsùgh	tsùlh	tsèh
conc	tsùgh	tsùgh	tsùgh	tsùgh

kwù#n-ìì‑h-tsùgh v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Sudowa ke ’unleh. Sukè’ kwùnìnhtsèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ke kwùnììhtsùgh.

k’wù(‑nu)#O‑d-h‑tsùgh v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Wukayniinzų dè’, su’ejè’ k’wùndinhtsùgh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kusk’eh k’wùnudinhtsùgh. ‑‑‑‑K’wùnaydèhtsùgh. ‑‑‑‑Ya k’wùndiinhtsùgha? ʘ^ma

tsul

neu	tsul			.
conc	tsul	tsul	tsul	tsul

‑tsule n. (w) (dim ‑tsula, psddim ‑tsulàa) ‑‑‑‑Mutsule lhoot ’uwìjàh. (Nats’oodalh) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį mutsule widnàk’àse. ‑‑‑‑Yutsule joo wik’oowììht’ats. [PA *‑tsəle: “anus” (K05)]

nutsule exp.

h-tsul v. ‑‑‑‑Sehtsul.

dichin sehtsulii n.

nu#(n‑)h-tsul v. (conc)

pf with n‑. (1s nunèestsul, 2s nunìinh‑, 3s nunèh‑, 1p nuts’inèh, 2p nunàah‑, 3p nughnèh‑) irregular s-pf paradigm; h‑ expected in 1sg. ‑‑‑‑Nusustsul. ‑‑‑‑Nunèestsul. ‑‑‑‑Nusehtsul. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuts’inèhtsul.

dist ‑‑‑‑Nùnughnèhtsul.

caus ‑‑‑‑Nusiihtsul. ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs too suzulii tah nunhtsul.

tsulè’ adj. ‑‑‑‑’utsùn tsulè’

yus tsulè’ n.

tsun¹

mom	tsun	tsun	tsįįlh	tsun
neu	tsun			.
prog	tsįįlh

n-h‑tsun v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Tlįį nèhtsun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’òòdane wootunèhtsunii ’èh ghits’ehkìlhaghujàh. ‑‑‑‑Nèhtsunii ghiile’ lǫ̀. Mutsùn nidòòwajàh. ‑‑‑‑Nèhtsunajàh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of n-h‑tsun see t’ę̀’ (under u# replaced).

Lhoowe Nèhtsun Miighe pn.

nu#n-H‑tsun v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nunutsun. ‑‑‑‑Dude nunèhtsun. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of nu#n-H‑tsun see e² (under P‑e#n-ìì‑).

caus ‑‑‑‑Nuts’inehtsun.

prog ‑‑‑‑Dude nunatsįįlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mènunàtsįįlh.

tsun²

dur

tsun

tsun

tsun

tsun

tsun n. (psd ‑tsunè’) ‑‑‑‑Nutsunè’ nitsį̀į̀’. [PA *čən “dirt” (K05)]

ti#tsune v. ‑‑‑‑Tetsune. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tetsunàjàh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’utsùn tetsunàjàh. ’Umanleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tintsune dè’, k’inbęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tits’etsune. For further example(s) of ti#tsune see khųz (under tsįįh khųz).

dune tetsune n.

’ut’ǫ̀’ tetsune n. ʘ^ma (Ranunculus occidentalis)

O‑h-tsun v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Tlįį ’ehtsun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlįį sąs ’ehtsun. ‑‑‑‑Nehtsunǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ghiihtsun. ‑‑‑‑Nehtsun. For further example(s) of O‑h-tsun see shòwà’ (under shòwà#).

> tsun#jàh “get dusty, dirty” see under jàh

> tsun#làh “clean up dirt” see under làh

> tsun ‑lę “be dirty” see under le¹

tsun³

> tsun-è#H-da “sg. work, be busy while sitting” see under da³

> tsun-è#H-kę “du. work, be busy while sitting” see under kę

> tsun-è#d-h‑ts’ii “pl. work, be busy while sitting” see under ts’ii³

tsùn¹

P#w-d‑tsùn v. ‑‑‑‑’Eht’ǫ widustsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Moodustsùn. ‑‑‑‑Seht’ǫ̀’ ’oodustsùn, ’ii ghǫh ladisįį. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’eht’ǫ ’udoo ’unèt’e ’us’įį. Moodustsùn. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nudoonjà’ìì wukaynuszun. Sinjoo noodustsùn. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’èh ’utsigǫ̀’ widintsùna!

impf with ’u unspecified object of postposition; wųwi variation as usual. (1s ’uwudustsùn, 2s ’uwudin‑, 3s ’uwudu‑, 1p ’uwuts’idu‑, 2p ’uwudah‑, 3p ’uwoodu‑) ‑‑‑‑’Uwidutsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uwudutsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dudahda wik’ìts’idlii. Ts’ìì’ònè ’uwidutsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uwidutsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uwudustsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uwudustsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii ’udoo ’uwidustsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uwudintsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uduts’è’ ’uwidintsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune ’ute’e ’udoo ’uwudutsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ ’uwudintsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uwuts’idutsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii ’udoo ’uwits’idutsùn, ’ide gòòlii ’eht’ǫ zǫh la wits’idutsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uwudahtsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’uduts’è’ ’uwidahtsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uwoodutsùn. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune ’udoo ’uwoodutsùn. ʘ^ma

tsùn²

‑tsùn n. ‑‑‑‑’utsùn ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑diih tsùn ‑‑‑‑Mutsùn nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Mutsùn nidòòwajàh. ‑‑‑‑Nutl’à’ tsùn nidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Setsùnè’ kednììk’ǫ. [PA *tsə’ŋ’ “flesh” (KL)]

‑nutsùn n.

yhèh tsùn n. (psd ‑yhèh tsùnè’)

‑yàhsùn n.

> ’utsùn tudnat’adza “hamburger, ground meat” see under t’ats¹

> ’utsùn ’udnùst’ès “gunshot meat” see under t’ès

tsus

mom

tsis

tsus

tsus

tsis

nu#n-tsus v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Kwùn nunùstsus. ‑‑‑‑Nunèestsus. ‑‑‑‑Nudnastsuse. ‑‑‑‑Kwùn nunootsisii. ʘ^ma [PA *n-tsəz “become extinguished” (L87)]

caus ‑‑‑‑Kwùn nuninhtsis. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùn nunèhtsus.

dist ‑‑‑‑Kwùn nunùnèhtsus.

tsut

mom	tsiit	tsut	tsulh	tsiit
neu	tsut			.
cust	tsuts

nù#tsut v. (neu) ‑‑‑‑Nùtsut. ‑‑‑‑Miidìì’ nùtsut. ‑‑‑‑’Ii ’èh la tlįį chow k’èhdzè’ nùtsut ’ìghidii.

nù‑da#d-tsut v. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo mukè’ nùdadutsut?

O‑h-tsut v. (mom) Direct object can be replaced by postpositional object. ‑‑‑‑Mukùnudèehtsut. ‑‑‑‑Edna ’uya’ìnhtsiit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muya’ìnhtsiit. ʘ^ma For further examples of O‑h-tsut see k’udzè’ (under P‑k’udzè’); khę̀l (under prog); tl’òò (under mot).

P‑e#d-h‑tsut v. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè yedèhtsut. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè sedèhtsut. ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè mets’idoohtsiidii.

cust ‑‑‑‑Dune ka ’ìnònè nenudehtsuts.

P‑lu#d-D‑tsut v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Muludintsiit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii lhoowe tììyè’ datsìdla. Muludintsiit. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muludintsiit. Dèkat’e wuka? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ka ’udoo muludintsiida?

P‑ch’ǫ̀ d-D‑tsut v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’wèlìì la nayghììt’ats. Yuch’ǫ̀ datsudii ’èh layeh’įį.

H-tsut v. (mot) ‑‑‑‑Woo’èh kàastsut. ‑‑‑‑Sąs khu’èh kàatsut. ‑‑‑‑Dlèzhe yìdèhtsut. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mighdèhtsut. ʘ^em For further example(s) of H-tsut see ì¹ (under (P‑)ì#d‑).

tsutl

‑tsudlè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mutsudlè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Mutsudlè’ ’unleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsudlè’ ’ina’iihtsii. ‑‑‑‑’Utsudlè’ salhidììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utsudlè’ lhìit’ats.

tsuts¹

tsuts n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑tsudzè’) ‑‑‑‑Tsuts kaghdadùlhe. ‑‑‑‑Kwùn tsudzè’ sànlèh. ‑‑‑‑Mutsudzè’ mughǫh lhundinlèh. [PA *ts^rədz^r “dry wood” (K05)]

duz tsuts n.

> dune tsuts gha’ììhlhahii “wood-cutter” see under lhah

tsuts² eat

dur	tsuts	tsèt	tsuts	tsuts
mom	tset	tsèt	tsulh	tset

(nu#)O‑D-tsuts v. (dur) nu# for cyclic, repeated actions. often sts ‑‑> s(s). ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ’udoo yèda ts’utsuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ’utsudza? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ’ahtsudza? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna apple ’utsuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’utsuts. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Nustsuts. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nuts’utsuts. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nats’utsuts. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Ughutsuts. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ ’ets’inììtsèt. ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dǫ̀h sunònè’ ’idoonasdìì’. ’Udoo ’ustsuts. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ts’ìk ’ustsuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ts’ìk ’ussuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udastsudze. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ nuts’ootsudzii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nats’ootsudzii. ʘ^mc [PA *tsαG “act with the teeth, by biting?” (L87)]

pf (1s ghustsèt, 2s ghiin‑, 3s ghu‑, 1p ts’a‑, 2p ghah‑, 3p gha‑) ‑‑‑‑Pancake ghustsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Na’astsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode la na’astsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ghiintsèda? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’iintsèdǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ghutsèda? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii ts’òòdane ’ii soonè’ ghutsèt. ‑‑‑‑’Atsèdǫ? ‑‑‑‑Na’atsèt. ‑‑‑‑Duk’àyii ts’atsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo nastsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ghahtsèda? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ghatsèda? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ duchę̀’ natsèt. ʘ^ma

dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza wùstsudza n. ʘ^ma (Falco sparverius)

tsǫ̀’ wustsudza n. ʘ^ma

mèh ’utsudzii n. ʘ^ma

ts’utsudzii n.

psd (1s ’ustsudzii, 2s ’in‑, 3s yu‑, 1p ts’u‑, 2p ’ah‑, 3p ghighu‑) ‑‑‑‑Ya sǫ ’ustsudzii nìs’įį. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo yutsudzii tùsula. ‑‑‑‑Yutsudzii kùnehyheh? ‑‑‑‑Yutsudzii dut’ès. ‑‑‑‑Ts’utsudzii sànii’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’utsudzii dowa joo tinuts’idudlii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dusbùdii ’èh ’ùkoo ts’utsudzii ’ììhchòòt. ʘ^ma

bàbììsa yutsudzii n. ʘ^ma (Mertensia paniculata)

digii yutsudzii n. ʘ^ma (Typha latifolia)

ghùje yutsudzii n. ʘ^ma (Arnica cordifolia or Arnica latifolia)

k’ǫǫ’a yutsudzii n. ʘ^ma (Lycopodium complanatum) For example(s) for k’ǫǫ’a yutsudzii see de¹ (under where).

ts’asnone yutsudzii n. ʘ^ma (Oxytrope splendens)

wudzįįh yutsudzii n. ʘ^ma (Cladina mitis)

muk’eh ’uts’utsudzii n.

ku#O‑gh-d‑tsuts v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii katsìdla kaghdintset. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii katsìdla khǫhdìì kaghdèestsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie dowa ’ehdàà’ winh’ǫ̀’. Kaghdoontsedììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’ughatsèt. ’Uyii ’udoo ’utsudzii ghǫh all kayghdatsulhe. ʘ^ma

nì#’-tsuts v. nì‑’ ‑‑> ne’. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo jode ne’ahtsuts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode zǫh ne’ustsuts. ʘ^ma

nu#’-ìì‑tsuts v. ‑‑‑‑Kooyè dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza k’ìnudùlh. Na’ììtsuts. ʘ^ma

O‑d-n‑tsuts v. (s) ‑‑‑‑’Udnùstsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wìtsį̀į̀’da wudnùstsèt. ’Ii ’èh la sutę. ʘ^ma

P‑e#O‑h-tsuts v. ‑‑‑‑Me’inhtsuts.

P‑ghà#gh-D‑tsuts v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑màghustsudzii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màghustsudzii sibòòsa ghàs’ąh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màghiintsudzii nibòòsa ghan’ąh? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màghsustsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màghts’ustsèt. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo màghsustsèdii tlįį ghànlèh. ‑‑‑‑Màghsustsèdii gwuda dèest’ǫ. ʘ^ma

P‑ghà#(O‑)gh-d‑D-tsuts v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Màghdèestsèt. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Màghdìintsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo Louie sàghdùstsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas ghàghdiintset? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas ghàghdèestsèt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wàghdèestsèt ʘ^ma

tsuts³

mom

tsuts

tsuts

tsuts

tsuts

kì‑tl’ù‑nu#d-ìì‑tsuts v. ‑‑‑‑Kìtl’undìstsuts. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Kinètul. Kìtl’undììtsuts. ‑‑‑‑Kìtl’unts’idòòtsudzii. For further example(s) of kì‑tl’ù‑nu#d-ìì‑tsuts see kì (under mot²).

TS’

ts’

ts’‑, ts’i‑ vpf. ts’‑ before a vowel, ts’i‑ before a consonant.

ts’‑: ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’oobęhii ’oots’idoo’į̀į̀hii.

ts’i‑: ‑‑‑‑Ts’idùsdetl. ‑‑‑‑Wits’izèhkhę.

ts’a

‑ts’a#n-ìì‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑Yuts’aynììhyhìtl. ʘ^em

ts’à’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑ts’a’) ‑‑‑‑Suts’a’ sànun’ą̀h. [PA *ts’a’:k^y’ “dish” (K05)]

ts’abulè’ n. (pr ts’abuʹlè’) ʘ^ma

ts’àdzè’ adj. (dim wuts’adzàa) ‑‑‑‑’uts’adzè’ ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑kǫh wuts’àdzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ ts’àdzè’ looht’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukǫh wuts’adzàa ’ii kǫh ’unawdèsdlàh. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda joo kǫh wuts’àdzè’ wunùstlǫ. ʘ^lt [PA *sa:g^y-e’ “(of) old” (L00)]

> ts’ahk’ų̀yè’ “diaper” see under k’ų̀y

ts’aht n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑ts’ahdè’, psddim ‑ts’ahdàa) variant of ts’at. ‑‑‑‑muts’ahdè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Muts’ahdè’ mùnun’ąh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’aht ’ide su’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Suts’ahdè’ nàats’ut. ‑‑‑‑Muts’ahdàa ’ute’e. ʘ^ma [PA *č’əx̣d “hat” (KL)]

ts’ake n. (pr ts’aʹke) ʘ^ma (psd ‑ts’akè’) ‑‑‑‑muts’akè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’akè’ michinè’ lhetòn. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’àtse muts’akè’ mudowa t’a’inlèh. ʘ^ma

ts’àle n. (pr ts’àleʹ) ʘ^ma (psd ‑ts’àlè’, dim ts’àla) ʘ^ma (psddim ‑ts’àla) ‑‑‑‑suts’àlè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑muts’àlè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑muts’àla ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’àlè’ tudèestǫ. ‑‑‑‑Muts’àla màntį̀į̀h yu’èh ’ootsudzii. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo suts’àlè’ nun’òts sudowa. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’àle sùntį̀į̀h. Mu’èh ’oostsudzii. ʘ^ma [from Kas (LL, GHL, L, P) ts’aale] [compare ST ts’àl]

> ts’àle dukàdii “wide spoon, spatula (flipper)” see under kàt

> ts’àle zǫza “teaspoon” see under zǫza

ts’ą̀s

w-d‑ts’às, w-n‑ts’ą̀s v. ‑‑‑‑Widats’ą̀s, winats’ą̀s.

Noonats’ą̀s pn. ʘ^lt

ts’asghųza n. (pr ts’asghųʹza) ʘ^ma

Ts’asghųza Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

> ts’asghųza dinììt’edza ““smoke fly”” see under t’ets

ts’asnone n. (pr ts’asnoʹne) ʘ^ma

> ts’asnone t’oh “beehive” see under t’oh

> ts’asnone yutsudzii “showy locoweed” see under tsuts²

ts’at n. ʘ^mc variant of ts’aht.

ts’atl n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Sphagnum or Tomenthypnum?) [PA *ts’a:tl’ “diaper, cradle” (K05)]

ts’awèt n. (pr ts’aʹwèt) ʘ^ma (psd ‑ts’awèdè’)

Ts’awèt Ts’elę̀’ pn.

ts’è’

P‑ts’è’ p. also ‑ts’ę̀’. ‑‑‑‑ma ts’è’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ nin’ą. ‑‑‑‑’Ookèt ts’è’ dèhya. ‑‑‑‑Tazowe kwùn ts’è’ susda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kǫh ts’è’ nats’idoogèhii. ‑‑‑‑’Ii dutselhè’ ’èh yuts’è’ tùnudèhtl’a. ‑‑‑‑Wuts’è’ nizǫǫ. ‑‑‑‑Dune ka’ììhlhah wuts’eh kǫh ts’è’ nadalh. ‑‑‑‑Prince George ts’è’ dune dadùlhe. [PA *‑č’-ən’ “to P” (KL)]

dedii wuts’è’ wh. ‑‑‑‑“Dedii wuts’è’a Niihts’iilįį Chow ghidiia?” sèhnii. ʘ^ma

denii ts’è’ wh. ‑‑‑‑Denii ts’è’a Tughulii Munè’ ghidiia? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of denii ts’è’ see ma² (under ’Umawii Munè’).

P‑ts’ì# vpf.

mot ‑‑‑‑Yìnònè mun ts’ìdèhya. ‑‑‑‑Seattle wuts’eh ts’ehe sits’ìdingeh.

prog with 3sg object of postposition. (1s mits’èesyalh, 2s mits’ìin‑, 3s yits’èe‑, 1p mits’ìts’a’às, 2p mits’àah‑, 3p mits’ìgha‑) ‑‑‑‑Mits’èesyalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna ts’ìinyalhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yits’èeyalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna ts’ìts’a’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mits’àah’àsǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune joo mits’ìgha’às. ʘ^ma

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Muts’ùdè’ mits’ìdèes’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nits’ìts’a’ąlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Duts’ùdè’ sits’ìdùs’ut. ‑‑‑‑Dii dichin sits’ìdinhkhàl. ‑‑‑‑Mits’ighdùs’ǫ.

> P‑ts’è’ O‑h‑’ǫ “owe O to P” see under ’ą¹

> P‑ts’è’ ’ì#d-D‑ “follow, pursue, towards P” see under ì¹

> ’iihts’è’ tadut’e “six” see under t’e²

ts’ę̀’² bone

‑dzehts’ę̀’ n. variant of ‑dzehts’ų̀’. ‑‑‑‑midzehts’ę̀’ ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑dzehts’ę̀’ see bets (under ti#O‑(n‑)bets).

‑joowets’ę̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑Edna khudowa ’ujoowets’ę̀’ dahbedze.

> ts’ebiilhè’ “swing” see under biilh²

ts’eh

P‑ts’eh p. also ‑ts’ęh. ‑‑‑‑’Ide wuts’eh? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii wuts’eh? ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’ide wuts’eh joo ʘ^lt ‑‑‑‑Gat ts’eh too nun silįį. ‑‑‑‑Sidzììì’ wuts’eh sitsìì’ k’oodidììh. ‑‑‑‑Sukǫh wuts’eh ghusyalh. ‑‑‑‑Ninii nuts’eh la koodis’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Lhiihts’eh koots’idi’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma [PA *‑č’ən “from P” (K05)]

wuts’eh sub. ‑‑‑‑Dastsìdla wuts’eh Fort Ware zǫh nèesyǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nunèestę wuts’eh ’udoo ts’esziidììzǫh nawdììgà’. For further examples of wuts’eh see ’įį⁴ (under nu#y-d‑’įį); ya³ (under ‑tu#ya/’ats/detl).

dedii wuts’eh wh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑dedii wuts’eha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dedii wuts’eha kìiyà? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dedii wuts’eha kwunatlaha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dedii wuts’ehant’a? ʘ^ma

de wuts’eh wh. ‑‑‑‑De wuts’eha nughadùlha?

sà’è wuts’eh adv. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kǫh wuch’owa ’uwìsdleh, sà’è wuts’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sà’è wuts’eh Mary duzǫ. ‑‑‑‑Sà’è wuts’eh ’udoo muk’ànustą khwùdè’ minasdìì’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sà’è wuts’eh khutuniiya, khèh. Kwùla khudunè’ ’ujàh.

sà’è dǫ̀h wuts’eh adv. ‑‑‑‑Sà’è dǫ̀h wuts’eh nesdììh.

dewuts’eha? wh. ‑‑‑‑’Udawdèlah! Dewuts’eha widoozun? ’Udoo wints’ììt. ʘ^ma

> dedzii wuts’eh “from where” see under dedza

> kòòh wuts’eh “for a long time” see under kòòh

> Tse Tah Wuts’eh Ts’elę Kìilįį “Ivar Cr., Ruby Red Cr.” see under lįį¹

ts’èh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑ts’èhè’) ‑‑‑‑muts’èhè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muts’èhè’ k’oodidììh. ʘ^ma [PA *ts’e’:x̣ “sinew” (K05)]

k’ebats’èhè’ n.

tak’àtl ts’èhè’ n.

ts’ehe n. (pr ts’eʹhe) ʘ^ma (dim ts’eha) ‑‑‑‑Ts’ehe na’ììhlhah. Nootsudzìì wukayniizun. [PA *ts’i:x^y, *ts’u:x^y “mosquito” (KL)]

ts’ehe chow n. ʘ^ma

Ts’ehe Munè’ pn.

ts’èhts’ìk n. (pr ts’èʹhts’ìk) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma (psd ‑ts’èhts’ìgè’) ‑‑‑‑Ts’èhts’ìk yus yèekets. [compare Git ts’ixts’ik’ “wagon, baby carriage”]

> ts’èhts’ìk tl’ahii “sled bottom, sled runners” see under tl’ah²

ts’ègh¹

dur

ts’eh

ts’ègh

ts’eh

ts’eh

O‑h-ts’ègh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlįį too zul ’ehts’eh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Diilà’ ’ehts’eh. ‑‑‑‑Sehts’eh. ‑‑‑‑Diilà’ ghiihts’ègh. [PA *ɬ-ts’e:q’ “lick” (L87)]

ts’egha

‑ts’egha n. [PA *ts’e:q’e: “navel” (K05)]

d-ts’egha v. ‑‑‑‑Duts’egha.

ts’ęgha

‑ts’ęgha v. ‑‑‑‑Suts’ęgha.

Mun Dusuts’ęgha pn. ʘ^ma

ts’ègha

’uts’ègha n. (pr ’uts’èghaʹ) ʘ^mc ʘ^ma [PA *č’e’ “woman” (K05)]

ts’elę n. (pr ts’eʹlę) ʘ^ma (psd ‑ts’elę̀’, dim ts’elązii) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’elę gàh la sąs nùzut. ʘ^ma

Old Johnny Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^lt

Ts’elę Chow pn. ʘ^lt

ts’es colored

> ts’esgęde “kinnikinnik” see under gędè

> ts’est’edze ““blackberry”” see under t’ets

> ts’estl’ùsa “unidentified willow” see under tl’ùs

> ts’ests’įįle “red swamp currant” see under ts’įįle

ts’i

ts’i# vpf. (s mom

mot ‑‑‑‑Ts’isuya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’its’us’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’its’usdetl. For further example(s) of mot see dàde (under ‑dàde).

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Ts’iiyùs’ǫ.

ts’ì

> P‑ts’ì#w-d‑D-dèh “talk, speak to P, advise P” see under dèh

> P‑ts’ì# “to, towards P” see under ts’è’

ts’idaskàga, ts’idaską̀ga n. (Parus atricapillus or Parus hudsonicus)

ts’idaskàga: (pr ts’idaskàgaʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ʘ^ei

ts’idaską̀ga: (pr ts’idaską̀gaʹ) ʘ^mc

ts’ìk n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma (psd ‑ts’ìgè’) variant of ts’ììk. ‑‑‑‑Sits’ìgè’ sàn’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìk kudehts’ukh. For further example(s) of ts’ìk see tsuts² (under (nu#)O‑D-tsuts).

ts’ìkts’ìk n. variant of ts’èhts’ik. For example(s) for ts’ìkts’ìk see k’ah². [compare CJ tsik-tsik, chick-chick, tchik-tchik “any wheeled vehicle” (Shaw), “wagon, cart wheel” (Hibben)]

ts’ik’ì

ts’ik’ì#d-ìì‑ vpf. (mom) ì#’ ‑‑> e; variant of sik’ì#d-ìì‑. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ik’edidèsla. ʘ^em

ts’ilasgę̀za n. (pr ts’ilasgę̀zaʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dusdlęha ts’ilasgę̀za ’utsuts.

ts’ìs’įįh

‑ts’ìs’įįh n. ‑‑‑‑Sits’ìs’įįh su’ǫ. ʘ^ma [cf. ‑’įįh “behind”]

ts’ìs’une

‑ts’ìs’une n. ‑‑‑‑Sits’ìs’une su’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sits’ìs’une sinda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mits’ìs’une sinda. ‑‑‑‑Nòòwa Loowàa ts’ìs’une? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ‑ts’ìs’une see ’etl (under mom). [cf. ’ònè “over, to side”]

ts’izool

‑ts’izoolè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mits’izoolè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑sits’izoolè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sits’izoolè’ didììh.

ts’ìtl

d-ts’ìtl v. ‑‑‑‑Dits’ìtl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùn dits’ìtl. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo muk’ùstę̀’ ’ute’e. ’Udoo dits’ìtl.

ts’ii¹

h-ts’ii v. ‑‑‑‑Sehts’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukàà’ wèhts’ii.

ts’ii² windy

cont	ts’ii	ts’ii	ts’ììlh	ts’ìì’
mom	ts’ii

‑ts’ii v. [PA *ts^r’əy, *ts^r’i: “wind, blow” (KL)]

cont ‑‑‑‑Lhonè’ nùts’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nùsits’ii. ‑‑‑‑Nùdats’ììlhe ’òòwììht’e. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nawts’ìì’ìì wukaynuszų. For further example(s) of cont see dah⁵ (under nù#gh-dah).

mom ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsè’è kìì’ìts’ii. ‑‑‑‑Dùts’ii.

n-h‑ts’ii v. (gh) For examples for n-h‑ts’ii see dà’² (under ‑dà’è); dà’² (under ‑dàdze); dè’⁴ (under ‑dìdze); nòn² (under ‑nòdze).

’iihts’ii n. also ’iits’ii, ’its’ii. ‑‑‑‑’Its’ii zule dìsts’ii. ʘ^ma

’Iihts’ii Ts’elę pn.

’Iihts’ii Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma

ts’ii³ pl. sit

neu

ts’ii

ts’ìì’

ts’ììlh

ts’ìì’

d-H‑ts’ii v. (pos neu) ‑‑‑‑Dàahts’ii. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Gwuda ghidèhts’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii ghidèhts’ii. ‑‑‑‑Kwùlęwa kwune gwaghdèhts’ii. ʘ^ma

P‑gàh D-ts’ii v. ‑‑‑‑Mugàh ghidats’ìì’.

’ì#d-H‑ts’ii v. ‑‑‑‑Mudowa ’ìts’idèhts’ii.

inc#d-H‑ts’ii v. (pos)

dzugh-è#d-H‑ts’ii v. ‑‑‑‑Dzugheghdèhts’ii. ʘ^ma

sà#d-H‑ts’ii v. ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsè’è ts’òòdane sàghdèhts’ii.

tsun-è#d-h‑ts’ii v. unusual lack of syncope in 3pl form. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdawa koodi’į̀į̀hde tsunèghidèhts’ii. ‑‑‑‑’Ide tsunèghidèhts’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kighnètal. Tsunèghidèhts’ii. ʘ^ma

dlòw-e#d-H‑ts’ii v. ‑‑‑‑Dune dlòwèdèhts’ii.

nu#d-H‑ts’ii v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Naghdèhts’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Watiiyawìjàhii ’èh gwuda naghdèhts’ii. ʘ^ma

d-n‑H-ts’ii v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Gwuda ghidnèhts’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Digii nùstlǫ wootseh tidnèhts’ii. (based on a sentence from Nats’oodalh) ‑‑‑‑Diih ’ul k’eh dudnèhts’ii. ʘ^em

ts’į̀į̀’

dur

ts’į̀į̀’

ts’į̀į̀’

ts’į̀į̀’

ts’į̀į̀’

kù#O‑ts’į̀į̀’ v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Kùsiits’į̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei [PA *‑ts’ə’k^y’ “pinch” (L87)]

> ts’ìì’ònè “too, too much, too many” see under ’òn

ts’iih

ts’iih‑ dirpf. ‑‑‑‑ts’iihdè’è ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’iih’ǫ̀dze kǫh kawustl’a.

ts’įįh

d-ts’įįh v. ‑‑‑‑Wilhidììhda wuka dits’įįh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ dits’įįh.

ts’įįh-e# inc.

> ts’įįh-e#d-D‑ya “walk whining ” see under ya³

> ts’iih’ǫ̀dze “exactly” see under ’òn

ts’ììha

d-n‑ìì‑ts’ììha v. ‑‑‑‑Canary dinììts’ììha. ‑‑‑‑Dinììts’ììhajàh.

ts’iihgoge n. (pr ts’iihgoʹge) ʘ^ma (Turdus migratorius) ‑‑‑‑Ts’iihgoge nudnùsdetl. ’Udoo lhìghè’ gòòlii ’us’į̀į̀h. [compare Sah twískaka]

ts’iihtah

‑ts’iihtah n. ‑‑‑‑Mits’iihtah ’uk’a wìlę.

ts’ììhts’ìk n. (pr ts’ììʹhts’ìk) (psd ‑ts’ììhts’ìgè’) variant of ts’èhts’ìk. For example(s) for ts’ììhts’ìk see ’ą² (under tèlèda’ą̀’).

ts’iihts’unii n. (pr ts’iihts’uʹnii) ʘ^ma

ts’ììk n. ʘ^mc variant of ts’ìk.

ts’į̀į̀l

‑ts’į̀į̀lè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mits’į̀į̀lè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑sits’į̀į̀lè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’uts’į̀į̀lè’ ts’unè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mits’į̀į̀lè’ lheton lǫ̀. ʘ^ma [PA *ts’i’:l-e’ “forearm” (K05)]

ts’įįle

h-ts’įįla v. ‑‑‑‑Tse kaghe widehts’įįla. ‑‑‑‑Kuwiihts’įįla.

ts’įįla adj. ‑‑‑‑tun ts’įįla

yàsts’įįla n. ʘ^ma [< yà’ “louse” + s + ts’įįle “transparent” + ‑a diminutive]

ts’ests’įįle, ts’ests’įįla n. (Ribes triste) [< ts’es‑ “colored” + ts’įįle “transparent” + ‑a diminutive]

ts’ests’įįla: (pr ts’ests’įįʹla) ʘ^ma

ts’ests’įįle: (pr ts’ests’įįʹle) ʘ^ma

Niihts’įįlii Chow pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^lt

‑tsoosts’įįle n. ‑‑‑‑’utsoosts’įįle ʘ^ma

ts’į̀į̀s

dur

ts’į̀į̀s

ts’į̀į̀s

ts’į̀į̀s

ts’į̀į̀s

’-d‑(h‑)ts’į̀į̀s v. (dur) h‑ in optative. ‑‑‑‑Duba ts’è’ ’udits’į̀į̀s. ‑‑‑‑Duba ts’è’ ’udiits’į̀į̀s. ‑‑‑‑Yutsudzii mùniis’ǫ ’ii sǫ ’udoo ’udoohts’į̀į̀sìì. ʘ^ma

ts’ììsa n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììsa dusu’ǫ. [compare ITli s’ísà “cloth, sailcloth”, s’ísà hít “tent” and ST ts’esa da“ka”`t “canvas, tarp”]

ts’ììt

dur

ts’ììt

ts’ììt

ts’ììt

ts’ììt

w-D‑ts’ììt v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Wits’ats’ììt. [PA *č’i’:d “lie, tell lie” (L87)]

impf (1s wists’ììt, 2s win‑, 3s wi‑, 1p wits’i‑, 2p wah‑, 3p woowi‑) ‑‑‑‑Wists’ììt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhatahda wists’ììt. ‑‑‑‑Wints’ììt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wints’ììdǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wints’ììt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sudowa wints’ììt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wints’ììdii ladinii. Nesdììh. ‑‑‑‑Wuts’ììt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wits’its’ììt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wuts’uts’ììt. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Wits’uts’ììt. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wahts’ììt. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Wahts’ììdo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woowits’ììt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woowuts’ììt. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc

wits’ììdii n.

dune khudowa wits’ììdii n. (pl dune khudowa wits’ììtne)

P‑e#w-h‑ts’ììt v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Newehts’ììt. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Nukhewehts’ììt. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Wewwehts’ììt. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Newts’ehts’ììt. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Newdasts’ììde ’udoo kindììh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune sewehts’ììdii gòòlii ’udoo kùsjììh.

ts’iiyè’

‑ts’iiyè’ n. ‑‑‑‑mits’iiyè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mits’iiyè’ ’usanii nìniisla. ‑‑‑‑Mits’iiyè’ ’umanleh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gah mits’iiyè’ ’ukunlèh. ʘ^ma [PA *‑č’i:k^y’e’ “guts” (K05)]

ts’ììyì

ts’ììyì#, ts’ìì# vpf. (gh mom) For example(s) for ts’ììyì#, ts’ìì# see te² (under nu#n-te).

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììyìyii’ǫ. ʘ^ma

mot ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììyinyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììyìnundah. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììyàhdèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììyìnahdèl. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììyìiya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììts’ii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììts’atl’a. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila dądzii ts’ììyìdasyalhe. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ììyooyà’ìì wukayniizun. ʘ^ma For further examples of mot see ’èlhòò (under P‑’èlhòò); ’èlhòò (under P‑’èlhòò); lǫ̀ (under perfective verb).

ts’iiywą n. (pr ts’iiywąʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑ts’iiywą̀’, pl ts’iiyǫwa) ‑‑‑‑Ts’iiywą ch’ila dilǫ̀ǫ̀hch. ‑‑‑‑Ninii zǫh sits’iiywą̀’ ’inlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’iiywą ch’ila ’wèdè’ ka’ììhlhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mits’iiywą̀’ joo ’wèdè’ ka’ììhlhah. Widuzun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’iiyǫwa kwune gwaghdèhts’ii. ʘ^ma

ts’ǫ, ts’un

cont

ts’un

ts’ǫ

ts’un

ts’un

nù#z-H‑ts’un, nù#z-h‑ts’un v. (cont) ‑‑‑‑Zutl dinii. ’Udoo nùzints’un. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e sintę da nùzintsun? ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo nàwzusts’un. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ nùzèhts’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑“Nàwzuts’un.” “Deèdza?” ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Subùt t’àh nawzuts’un. ‑‑‑‑K’ula nawzuts’unii ’èh lat’e. ‑‑‑‑Nidloonàa ladii. Nàwzehts’un. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane nàwzehts’un. ʘ^ma [PA *d-ts’a:ŋ “hear” (L87)]

Nùk’ùzèhts’wą pn. ʘ^ma

ts’odze n. (pr ts’oʹdze) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei [PA *č’əš(‑x̣) “maggot” (L87)]

> ts’odza dinììt’edza “black fly” see under t’ets

> ts’odze tsiiya “maggot, rice” see under tsiiya

ts’òlh n. ʘ^ma (Podiceps grisegena or Aechmophorus occidentalis)

ts’os

mom		ts’os	.
per	ts’os	ts’os	ts’os
prog	ts’os

O‑ts’os v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Edna nuyats’os. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane duts’ùdè’ kooyè k’èts’os. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary Edna k’èts’os. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Nisidììts’os. ‑‑‑‑Nùnusiits’os. ‑‑‑‑Kunsidùsts’os. ‑‑‑‑Kwunusiits’os.

ts’òò’a

‑ts’òò’a v. ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ kunuwats’òò’a.

ts’òòdane n. (pr ts’òòdaʹne) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (psd ‑ts’òòdaàne ~ ‑ts’òòdane, pl ts’òòdawa) ʘ^ma ts’òòdane can also be used in the plural. ‑‑‑‑mits’òòdaàne ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑ts’òòdane ’ech’ilè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑ts’òòdawa ’ech’ilè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane nunùsteǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’òòdane tigheh’ine. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Jode la khits’òòdawa tawts’inìniihyhǫ. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane dèt’ę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane tudèhya. ʘ^ma

> ts’òòdane ghàghudaii “baby-sitter” see under da²

ts’ǫǫh

d-ts’ǫǫh v. ‑‑‑‑Dits’ǫǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wulhidììhda wuka dits’ǫǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila sukayniizų da ’wèdè’ dits’ǫǫh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ah, kwùsǫ doots’ǫǫhìì. Mitsinlii. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of d-ts’ǫǫh see te² (under ts’ǫǫh-e#H-tę).

ts’ǫǫh# inc.

> ts’ǫǫh-è#H-da “sg. whine while sitting” see under da³

> ts’ǫǫh-e#d-D‑get “animal walks and whines” see under gèt

> ts’ǫǫh-e#H-tę “sg. whine while lying” see under te²

ts’oohsude

P‑ts’oohsude p. ‑‑‑‑Ya ghǫha sits’oohsude sinda? ‑‑‑‑Sits’oohsude su’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mits’oohsudats’ut’e. ‑‑‑‑Yì’ònè kǫh wits’oohsude dune kùtsǫ̀’ii kǫh wìlę. [cf. h-sàt “be far”]

ts’ǫǫs ono. the sound of a mouse, a squeaky, sucking noise. [PA *ts’ų:ts’ “suck” (KL)]

ts’oostsęhe n. (pr ts’oostsęʹhe) ʘ^ma (Abies lasiocarpa or Abies balsamea) ‑‑‑‑Ts’oostsęhe t’oodzè’ nòn ’ute’e. Ts’idukwus da ts’idubets ’ii tl’ǫh mitòò’ ts’udǫ. [PA (BC?) *č’ə’wə-čən, or PA *č’ə’wə-či:n “spruce-smelly(?)” (L05)]

> ‑ts’ų̀’ “bone” see under ts’un

ts’ùbe n. (pr ts’ùbeʹ) ʘ^ma (dim ts’ùba) ‑‑‑‑ts’ùbe tsuts ‑‑‑‑ts’ùba ka’ąde ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è ts’ùbe k’eh la ts’estl’ùsa nùstlǫ. ʘ^ma [PA *č’ə’we: “spruce” (L05)]

ts’ùbe ’ulè’ n. ʘ^ma (Picea mariana) ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùbe ’ulè’ ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùbe ’ulè’ nòn ’ute’e joo ’ulę.

Ts’ùbe Chow pn.

Ts’ùbe Chow pn.

ts’ùbe gat, ts’ùbe gadè’ n. (Picea mariana)

ts’ùbe gat: ‑‑‑‑ts’ùbe gat ts’ilasgę̀za ʘ^ma

ts’ùbe gadè’: ʘ^ma

> Ts’ùbe Tah Kìilįį “Del Cr.” see under lįį¹

ts’ùdè’ n. (pr ts’ùʹdè’) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (dim ts’ùdà) ʘ^ma (psd ‑ts’ùdè’, psddim ‑ts’ùda) ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ mànhtsoos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muts’ùda mànhtsoos. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’ùdè’ niisgut. ʘ^ma [PA *č’ə’de’ “blanket, robe” (L05)]

ghùje chos ts’ùdè’ n.

> ts’udǫii “drink, beverage” see under dǫ

ts’ukh¹

ts’ukh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (Kruppelholz form of Picea engelmanni, Abies lasiocarpa or Abies balsamea) ‑‑‑‑Tse k’eh ts’ukh nùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑Tse nahdzè’ ts’ukh wìlę. [PA *č’ə’we: “spruce” > Late BC *ts’əx̣(^w) (L05)]

dahts’ukhè’ n. ʘ^ma (Chrysomyxa)

d-ts’ukh v. ‑‑‑‑Gòòle duts’ukhii tah k’ìts’udùlh da witsį̀į̀’.

ts’ukh² smoke

dur

ts’ukh

ts’ègh

ts’ukh

ts’ukh

ku#O‑d-h‑ts’ègh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Udèk’ii kudusts’ukh. ‑‑‑‑Kats’idiihts’ègh. ‑‑‑‑Sucha, ’ii tse sùn’ą̀h. Kadoosts’ukhìì wukaynuszų. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ku#O‑d-h‑ts’ègh see le¹ (under ghiilè’).

ts’ugh

dur

ts’ugh

ts’ugh

ts’ugh

ts’ugh

O‑d-ìì‑ts’ugh v. (dur)

hear, listen: ‑‑‑‑Dìsts’ugh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Sidììnts’ugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sidàhts’ugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghinitsį̀į̀’. ’Udoo ’ughdììts’ugh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sidììts’ugh. ‑‑‑‑’Uk’edìsts’ugh. ‑‑‑‑Woodòòts’ughìì wukayghniizun. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of hear, listen see ka¹ (under wuka).

understand: ‑‑‑‑Widìnts’ughǫ? ‑‑‑‑Sidìnts’ughǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Udììts’ughii ’èh ’ute’e. Dòòdii k’e’it’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

ts’ughe

‑ts’ughe n. ‑‑‑‑muts’ughe ʘ^ma ʘ^ei For further example(s) of ‑ts’ughe see ya⁵ (under d-ya).

kǫh wuts’ughe n.

ts’ùlh¹

P‑e#d-ts’ùlh v. ‑‑‑‑Sitsìì’ ’eduts’ùlh. ‑‑‑‑Sudàà’ ’eduts’ùlh. ‑‑‑‑Sidzììì’ keduts’ùlh.

ts’ùlh²

conc	ts’ùlh	ts’ùtl	ts’ùlh	ts’ùlh
mom	ts’ùlh		ts’ùlh
per	ts’ùlh	ts’ùlh		.

n-ts’ùlh v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Nuts’ùlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nèests’ùtl. ʘ^ma [PA *n-lə-ts^r’ə’tl’ “have eyes closed, blink” (L87)]

n-ts’ùlh v. (mot per) ‑‑‑‑Kutl’e dudàà’ ’ędii k’ìnuts’ùlh. ʘ^ma

nì#O‑n-h‑ts’ùlh v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune nìsinehts’ùlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nìsininhts’ùlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàsinèhts’ùlh. ʘ^ma

ts’ula

> ts’ula#O‑h‑’įį “hurt O” see under ’įį³

> ts’ula#jàh “get hurt” see under jàh

> ts’ula#O‑làh “hurt, injure O” see under làh

ts’un

‑ts’unè’ n. (dim ‑ts’unàa) ‑‑‑‑’uts’unè’ ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑suts’unè’ ʘ^ma [PA *ts’ən “bone” (K05)]

bone: ‑‑‑‑Suk’wus ts’unè’ k’oodidììh. ‑‑‑‑sets’unè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’unè’ tinhkhàl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uts’unàa zǫh ’ulę.

leg: ‑‑‑‑’uts’unè’ lììdza ‑‑‑‑Suts’unè’ chighnùstsas. ‑‑‑‑Suts’unè’ kudnatl’ùts. ʘ^ma

muts’unè’ nùstlǫii n. ʘ^ma

‑tl’à’ ts’unè’ n.

’ughę̀za ts’unè’ n.

shòwats’unè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Shòwats’unè’ ’udìs’òòn.

‑ts’ų̀’ n.

‑dzehts’ų̀’ n. variant of ‑dzehts’ę̀’. ‑‑‑‑midzehts’ų̀’ ʘ^ma

‑yets’ų̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑miiyets’ų̀’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Niiyets’ų̀’ lhìihgwutl?

‑tsits’ų̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑mitsits’ų̀’ ʘ^ma

d-ts’un v. ‑‑‑‑Duts’un. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dichin duts’unii sànhtį̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Nidziìì’ widuts’un. ‑‑‑‑Mitsìì’ duts’un. ‑‑‑‑Duts’unajàh.

> ’uts’unè’ didììhii “rheumatism” see under dììh¹

> ts’un k’eh “grave, graveyard, cemetery” see under k’eh

> ’uts’unè’ yìdla “bone axe, small axe for chopping bones” see under tsèl

ts’una n. (pr ts’uʹna) ʘ^ma ʘ^ei (Plectrophenax nivalis) ‑‑‑‑Ts’una kooyà goo ’utsuts. ʘ^ma

ts’ùp

dur

ts’ùp

ts’ùp

ts’ùp

ts’ùp

O‑h-ts’ùp v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Tlįį too ’ehts’ùp. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì too ghiihts’ùp.

P‑e#’-h‑ts’up v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Me’inhts’ùp.

ts’upììsa n. (pr ts’upììsaʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’upììsa ’èh gah k’e’usghǫh. ‑‑‑‑Ts’upììsa sudowa nidìntį̀į̀h. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of ts’upììsa see kèt (under impf).

ts’uz ono. the sound of a squirrel chattering. ‑‑‑‑Dusdlęha “ts’uz” ’èhnii.

ts’usghųsde

‑ts’usghųsde n. (w pr ‑ts’usghųʹsde) ‑‑‑‑muts’usghųsde ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’uts’usghųsde ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’usghųsde wididììh. [PA *ɣ.əǰe’ “shoulder” (K05)]

ts’ust’ah

‑ts’ust’ah n. (w) ‑‑‑‑Suts’ust’ah widehkhǫ.

ts’ut compact goes

mom	ts’iit	ts’ut	ts’ulh	ts’iit
per	ts’uts	ts’uts	ts’uts	ts’uts
prog	ts’ulh
cust	ts’uts

H-ts’ut v. (mot) [PA *l-ts’əd “move freely, fall (of inanimate object)” (L87)]

progn ‑‑‑‑Wuba nats’ulh.

too tl’oondats’ulhii n. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑K’èts’uts. ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’ats’uts. ‑‑‑‑Nuk’èhdzè’ k’òòwuts’uts. (Lord’s prayer)

mom ‑‑‑‑Khuye wik’oodèhts’ut. ‑‑‑‑Suts’à’ nàats’ut. ‑‑‑‑Tinuts’ut. ‑‑‑‑Dàna shòwachow sùnuts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑wutaghnuts’ut ‑‑‑‑April joo nàats’udii tl’ǫh, May joo nùnats’udii tl’ǫh, June joo nùnats’udii tl’ǫh, kwùla July ’unuwìjàh. ‑‑‑‑Nukeyiih lhunawdats’ulhe. ‑‑‑‑Wuk’idòonts’iidììnò. For further example(s) of mom see tl’à’ (under tl’à#gh‑).

cust ‑‑‑‑June k’oodàts’uts da, tùnaghdudùlh.

du#n-H‑ts’ut v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Dunèhts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii diih dunèhts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Daghnèhts’ut.

P‑lù#ts’ut v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Dichin làats’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dichin lùts’ats’ut. ‑‑‑‑Dichin lawnts’iidììnò.

(sickness) tu#O‑d-H‑ts’ut v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Didììhii dune tudèts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udukwus dune tudèts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune tawdèts’ut.

cust ‑‑‑‑Didììhii dune tuduts’uts. ‑‑‑‑Dune tawduts’uts.

P‑k’è#d-H‑ts’ut v. ‑‑‑‑Nik’èdèests’ut.

ts’ùt

dur	ts’ùt	ts’ùt	ts’ùt	ts’ùt
mom	ts’ììt	ts’ùt	ts’ùlh	ts’ììt
per	ts’ùts			ts’ùts
cust	ts’ùts

O‑D-ts’ùt v. [PA *ts^r’ə’t’ “scratch” (L87)]

dur ‑‑‑‑’Uduts’ùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ughduts’ùt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Diilà’ ghuts’ùt. For further example(s) of dur see t’e¹ (under sa#t’è).

mom ‑‑‑‑Siilà’ tòònììts’ùt. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo si’òònà’ muk’àwnints’ììt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tasdlęha kǫh wuk’inawduts’ùt.

cust ‑‑‑‑Sąs gat nunduts’ùts. ‑‑‑‑Sąs ’udah kùwuts’ùts.

w-ts’ùt v. (mot per) ‑‑‑‑Dòòdii k’òòwusts’ùts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deda kwudindiide k’òòwints’ùts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudasdalh dèsǫ k’òòwoosts’ùdzìì, sinii joo. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ahkòòh k’òòwoonts’ùdzììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune k’òòwuts’uts da witsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma

> ts’ut’òdii “cigarette” see under t’òt

ts’ùtl¹

d-ts’ùtl v. ‑‑‑‑Widuts’ùtl.

ts’ùdle n. (pr ts’ùdleʹ) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑ts’ùdle tah ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdle dilǫ̀ǫ̀hch.

‑ts’ùdla v. ‑‑‑‑’Umawii mitsìì’ dats’ùdla.

‑tsìsts’ùdla n.

> Ts’ùdle Nisu’ą “Obo R.‑Finlay R. forks” see under ’ą²

> Ts’ùdle Tah Kìilįį “Tsaydiz Cr.” see under lįį¹

ts’ùtl²

mom

ts’ììlh

ts’ùtl

ts’ùlh

ts’ììlh

P‑k’e#d-D‑ts’ùtl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Sukè’ k’edats’ùtl.

caus ‑‑‑‑Nuk’ediihts’ùtl.

P‑tu#d-h‑ts’ùtl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sukè’ tudinhts’ììlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mutudinhts’ììlh. ʘ^ma

ts’uts

‑ts’uts v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune k’udà’ mudzèè’ ’uts’uts. ʘ^ma

> ts’utsudzii “food” see under tsuts²

U

u

P‑u‑ vpf. optionally becomes ù if followed by low tone prefix; obligatorily if that tone lost through syncope. ‑‑‑‑Munùst’às. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mùnaghghut’às. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdò mùnùnusust’ats. ʘ^em

> ‑ùsdaghè’ “usual seat, sitting place, roost, haunt, hang-out” see under da³

uskèwe

‑uskèwe n. variant of ‑eskèghe. ‑‑‑‑Duskèwe ts’è’ ’uwudiizǫǫ. ʘ^ma

W

w areal

wi‑ ~ w‑ ~ woow‑ vpf. w‑ fuses with gh‑ 3pS as woo(w)‑; otherwise, wi‑, wu‑ before a consonant; w‑ before a vowel, or after a vowel and before two consonants.

woo‑: ‑‑‑‑Kǫh woowììhchòòt. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of woo‑ see ghù (under pf).

wi‑, wu‑: ‑‑‑‑Kǫh winìs’įį. ‑‑‑‑Sudahda winidòòwè. ‑‑‑‑Sudahda jode wùsla. ‑‑‑‑Wìsdlii. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc

w‑: ‑‑‑‑Wììhchòòt. ‑‑‑‑Kùwiihyhìtl. ‑‑‑‑Kǫh wììhchòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sukǫh wuts’adzè’ màwniis’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nubùt t’àh nàwzuts’un?

wu‑, wi‑, w‑ npf. wu‑ or wi‑ before a consonant; w‑ before a vowel. ‑‑‑‑mudeh wudulè’ ‑‑‑‑kǫh woosà’

wu‑, wi‑ ppf. used before a consonant. ‑‑‑‑kǫh wudeh ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑kǫh wunàà’ ʘ^ma

wu‑ adjpf. ‑‑‑‑dzenèes wuchow

> wuludè’ “burn, burned area” see under lhut

w(oo) 3pl object/possessor

woo‑ ~ w‑ npf. woo‑ before a consonant, woo‑ ~ w‑ before ii; w‑ before other vowels. For example(s) for woo‑ ~ w‑ see da³ (under ‑ùsdaghè’).

woo‑: ‑‑‑‑Woots’ahdè’ taghdùsla. ‑‑‑‑Woodzèè’ joo ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑Gwa woozìì’ sula.

w‑: ‑‑‑‑wèhtùsè’ ‑‑‑‑Wiidìì’ ’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’òòdawa wiidìì’ nidòòwè. ’Ùkwune la woodìì’ wìlę. ‑iidìì’ ~ ‑dìì’ “mind”. For further examples of w‑ see ’ą³ (under impf); ’įį³ (under la#O‑h‑’įį).

woo‑ ~ w‑ ppf. w‑ before a vowel, woo‑ before a consonant.

w‑: ‑‑‑‑Wìnejit. ‑‑‑‑Wedììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wesdììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Weghidììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Winawìsiih’ǫ.

woo‑: ‑‑‑‑Woodowa ’inhyha. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wooch’ǫ̀ ’aht’e. ‑‑‑‑Wook’ìts’idlii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wook’ights’idlii. ʘ^ma

wi‑ ~ ww‑ ~ woo‑ ~ woow‑ ~ w‑ vpf. With 3pS, woow before non-pre-stem vowel; woo‑ before a consonant; ww‑ after a vowel. With other subject prefixes, woow‑ word-initially before pre-stem vowel; ww‑ or w‑ after a vowel and before pre-stem vowel; w‑ after a vowel or word-initially before non-pre-stem vowels; otherwise woo‑ or w(i)‑.

with 3pS:

woow‑: ‑‑‑‑woowììhchòòt

woo‑: ‑‑‑‑Woodèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawoodeh’ą. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

ww‑: ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdawa nawwèh’įį. ʘ^ma

with non‑3pS: ‑‑‑‑Dawdinh’ą. Ninii dawoodinh’ą. ʘ^ma

woow‑: ‑‑‑‑Andreas wooweh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune woowus’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii woowinh’ąǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nukhinii joo woowah’ąǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghinidįį? K’ah woowin’į̀į̀hǫ? ʘ^ma

ww‑: ‑‑‑‑Courtney nawwèh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tawwùsla. ʘ^ma

w‑: ‑‑‑‑Nawts’èh’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàwsinh’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ǫ, nàwsiih’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wììhchòòt.

woo‑: ‑‑‑‑Nawoòsinh’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nawoòsah’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàwoòsiih’įį. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawoots’ideh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawoodah’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawdus’ą ’udoo keghidììh. ’Ii ghǫh kwùjoo more dawoodus’ą. ʘ^ma

wi‑: ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune wits’eh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Widèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Widòònts’ughìì wukayniinzun? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo widìnts’ugh. Wewitsį̀į̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Widùsgę. ‑‑‑‑Widàhchoolhe. ‑‑‑‑Barbara kwune sinii winèehyhǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune wits’idiyììhǫ? ‑‑‑‑Winìs’įį. ‑‑‑‑Nàwìsah’įįǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàwìsiih’įį. ʘ^ma

we

‑we n. no vocative. (songwe “my step-mother” (Jenness)) ‑‑‑‑suwe ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii la suwe looht’e. For further example(s) of ‑we see t’ats¹ (under O‑gh-h‑t’ats).

> widii “message” see under nii¹

widzįįh, wudzįįh n. (Rangifer tarandus) ‑‑‑‑Widzįįh zèehkhę. [PA *wəǰəx^y “caribou” (K05)]

widzįįh chow n.

Widzįįh Ts’elę̀’ pn.

> wudzįįh bùdè’ “caribou lichen” see under bùt

> wudzįįh yutsudzii “caribou lichen” see under tsuts²

> wìlę “there is, there are, have (inalienable object) ” see under le¹

> winiihtsòòsii “ledge” see under tsoos

> winuchà’ii “really, very” see under chà’

wis’ąhdze, wus’ąhdze, wus’ęhdze adv. (pr wis’ąʹhdze)

wis’ąhdze: ʘ^ma

wus’ąhdze: ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary suwus’ąhdze suda. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo wus’ąhdze ’usguts. ʘ^ma

wus’ęhdze: ʘ^mc

> wisch’ilè’ “clothes” see under ch’il

wìsdììhe adj. ‑‑‑‑’ustą wìsdììhe

wislhǫ̀ adv. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Wislhǫ̀ ’ughut’e. ʘ^em

> wizoowè’ “empty, devoid of game” see under zooh

wiihtè’ adv. (pr wiihtèʹ’) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑muts’ughe wiihtè’ ‑‑‑‑’Ide wiihtè’ sis’òòn.

lhǫ̀ wiihtè’ adv. ‑‑‑‑Lhǫ̀ wiihtè’ ladinii.

> woojǫ̀’ “great, revered” see under yheh

> wooyǫ̀’ “wisdom, intelligence” see under yheh

wuba n. (pr wubaʹ) ʘ^ma For examples for wuba see ka⁴ (under y-h‑ka); ts’ut (under progn). [PA *lə-wa: “be gray” (L87)]

> wuk’az “cold weather” see under k’àts²

> wunehdzè’ “(on the) side of” see under nehdzè’

> wuzà’ “set up, in order” see under zà’²

wuzade n. (pr wuzaʹde) ʘ^ma (Chordeiles minor)

wuząze n. (pr wuząʹze) ʘ^ma (Salix) ‑‑‑‑Wuząze nùstlǫ. ‑‑‑‑Wuząze winèhyǫ.

> wusghwush “bubble, foam” see under ghwush

wutèyii adv. ‑‑‑‑Nùtsut wutèyii. For further example(s) of wutèyii see yheh (under wooyǫ̀’).

> wutladii “snow or rock slide, avalanche” see under tlat

wutl’ùs n. (psd ‑wutl’ùsè’) ‑‑‑‑Wutl’ùs wìlę. ‑‑‑‑Wutl’ùs zǫh ’ulę. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Kwùn wutl’ùsè’ kùdinhtl’iit.

> wutsèlii “axe, wedge” see under tsèl

wuyè adv. (pr wuʹyè) ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii nudindah wuyè. ‑‑‑‑’Iibèh wuyè sǫ jode lhundoosjà’ìì. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda wuyè sǫ mukǫh wilę̀. ʘ^ma

wuyè conj. ‑‑‑‑lìdii wuyè lùgàfii wuyè? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lìdii wuyè, lùgàfii wuyè ya kayniinzuna? ʘ^ma

YH/Y

y 3sg

y‑, yu‑, yi‑ npf. with noncoreferential third person singular subject; rare with subjects of other persons.

with noncoreferential third person singular subject: ‑‑‑‑Yupanè’ k’ìts’idlii. ‑‑‑‑Tlįį yukè’ ghiihkhàts.

with subjects of other persons: ‑‑‑‑Gwuda yidzèh koo’ìis’ǫ ’udoo màda sǫ yinawòòh’ą̀hìì. ʘ^ma

y‑, yu‑, yi‑ ppf. with noncoreferential third person singular subject; y‑ before a vowel, yu‑ or yi‑ before a consonant; yu‑ generally in more careful or emphatic speech.

y‑: ‑‑‑‑Yìnejit. ‑‑‑‑Yedììh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc

yi‑, yu‑: ‑‑‑‑Yuts’è’ yidùs’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii yì’ònè yits’è’ yidùs’ǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mupanè’ yik’ìts’idlii.

y‑ ~ yu‑/yi‑ ~ gh‑ ~ woo‑ vpf. Direct object prefix used with non-coreferential 3rd person singular subject. Does not co-occur with direct object noun. Null with 1st or 2nd person subject unless 3rd person object of postposition prefix. y‑ ‑‑> gh‑ before gh‑ 3pS; ‑‑> woo‑ before oo o wu; otherwise, yu‑ or yi‑ before a consonant; y‑‑ before a vowel, or after a vowel and before two consonants.

with non-coreferential 3sS:

null: ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ dàhdzose.

yi‑, yu‑: ‑‑‑‑Yidèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ yidàhdzose. ‑‑‑‑Yidììts’ugh. ʘ^ma ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Yidùsgę. ‑‑‑‑Yits’è’ k’ììyu’ąh. ʘ^ma

y‑: ‑‑‑‑Daydeh’ą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nàyèh’įį. ‑‑‑‑Yììhchòòt. ʘ^ma

with 3pS:

gh‑: ‑‑‑‑Dughighdeh’ą. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Ghighdèh’ą̀’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghighdììts’ugh. For further example(s) of gh‑ see ’įį⁴ (under nù#O‑h‑’įį).

woo‑: For example(s) for woo‑ see tòn¹ (under opt).

with subject of any person, 3rd person object of postposition:

yi‑: ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ mudeh yìsinh’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Woodeh yìsiih’ǫ.

y‑: ‑‑‑‑Courtney yudeh yèh’ǫ.

with 1st or 2nd person subject: ‑‑‑‑Nunhkhęh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nahkhęh. ʘ^ma

ya¹

ya wh. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Ya ’ooht’ea? ‑‑‑‑Ya ’ooht’a ’ii? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya sǫ dìsts’ughii ’udoo kesdììh. ‑‑‑‑Ya daht’èsii sa’ute’e. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ya mukayts’iniizų nits’idììla. For further example(s) of ya see t’è’¹ (under ‑t’è’). [PA *(də‑)yə(‑d‑) “what?” (KL)] [cf. y‑ 3sO]

ya¹ (’èh) exc. used in exclamations; occurs with ‑a exclamation suffix.

ya: ‑‑‑‑Ya ghinitsį̀į̀’a! ʘ^ma

ya ’èh: ‑‑‑‑Ya ’èh ghidehgwuna! ‑‑‑‑Ya ’èh sòòne ’utsùn tudnint’àsa! Khudant’e! Dòòdii k’e’int’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Ya ’èh nighnejida! ‑‑‑‑K’ah tlįį ’us’į̀į̀h. Ya ’èh wints’ììda! ‑‑‑‑Ya ’èh ’wèdè’ dune kayniinzuna! ʘ^ma

> ya deht’èka “why in the world” see under t’e¹

ya²

ya n. ʘ^ma [PA *ya: “sky” (KL)]

yu#ìì‑¹ vpf. (clf-mot) yu ‑‑> ya before ’, gh, y or w. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùdè’ ya’ìsla. ‑‑‑‑Yuts’ììla. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya’ììhkhàtl. ‑‑‑‑Ya’ììhyhìtl.

yu#ìì‑² vpf. (mot) yu ‑‑> ya before ’, gh, y or w. ‑‑‑‑Gwudzè’ lìì ya’ììya. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nòòwa mun ts’è’ ya’ììtl’a. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Ya’ììts’ut. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yaghììts’ut. ‑‑‑‑Si’òònà’ ya’ììkets. ‑‑‑‑Yawìkę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya’ììdugh. For further example(s) of yu#ìì‑² see t’aghdzè.

yu# inc.

> ya k’eh “sky” see under k’eh

> yut’awdusk’ohje “Northern Lights” see under k’ohje

> ya k’udzè’ “heaven” see under k’udzè’

> ya t’ah “sky” see under t’ah²

> yu#w-ìì‑H-tlah “sky clears up” see under tlat

ya³ sg go

mom	yah/dah	ya/ja	yalh/dalh	yà’/jà’
per	dah	dah	dalh	dah
cont	ya	ya	yàlh	yà’
prog	yalh/dalh
cust	dah

(H)‑ya v. (mot) s‑perfective has consistent characteristics of H‑; n‑ and gh‑perfectives inconsistently so. [PA *ha:, *ya: “sg. goes” (L87)]

prog (1s ghusyalh, 2s ghin‑, 3s ghu‑) ‑‑‑‑Ghusyalh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghiinyalhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ghuyalh. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑K’èdah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza k’indaha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wìtsį̀į̀’de ’udoo k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dewà k’ìdadalha? ʘ^ma

mèh k’èdahii n. ‑‑‑‑Mèh k’èdahii dasè’ nìstįįh. ʘ^ma

psd (1s mèh k’èsdahii, 2s mèh k’in‑, 3s yèh k’è‑) ‑‑‑‑mèh k’indahii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mèh k’èsdahii moonèlę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii mèh k’indahii gwa sutǫ. Mitsinlii. ’Indǫ da mitsinlii. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Frankie ’udoo Prince George ts’è’ deyah. ‑‑‑‑Ghinitsį̀į̀’. Wooch’à nunyah. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo dusyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ka’ìnhlhah ts’è’ dìinyaǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ’èh dasyalhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sukayninzun. Khudii, muts’endindah.

cust ‑‑‑‑Wulahne dune ghinitsį̀į̀’. ’Wèdè’ wesdąhdzè’ nudusdah. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of cust see k’eh (under P‑k’eh).

Wutladii Nùnudahde pn. ʘ^ma

nù#ya/’ats/detl v. (cont) ‑‑‑‑Tazowe dzè’ nùsuya. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì ’ooskèt dzè’ nùsusya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè too gàh nùsusya. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo gwudzè’ nùsya. ‑‑‑‑Deèdza nùdayàlha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tazowe dzè’ nùdasyàlhe. ‑‑‑‑’Ìtsè’è nàoosyà’ii. ‑‑‑‑Kwùjoo sǫ gwudzè’ nùnawsjà’ìì. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of nù#ya/’ats/detl see tawìì.

chi#D-ya/’àts/detl v. (mot) ‑ya can be used for du./pl. forms.

prog ‑‑‑‑Louie ’ìdà’è nuchadalh. ‑‑‑‑Yìdìdze nuchits’adùlh.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìchedah. ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo kwùtah k’ìchesdah.

mom ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè chidùsja. ‑‑‑‑Too tah chidudah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Too tah chighdudùlh. ‑‑‑‑Too tah chidoondahììnò. ‑‑‑‑Chidudah. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Chidusdah. Sitsinlii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Chits’idudah. Khitsinlii. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Dàna ka la chidusdahii last’e.

‑ìch’ìdè’ d-ìì‑ya/’ats/detl, ‑ìch’ìdè d-ìì‑ya/’ats/detl v. ‑‑‑‑Skidoo ’ìch’ìdè dìsya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya ’ìch’ìdè ghidììdedla? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ulà’ ’ìch’ìdè’ ghidììdetl. ʘ^ma

O‑n-ya/’ats/detl v. (mot

prog ‑‑‑‑Nusinadalh. ‑‑‑‑’Utune nulhighnadùlh. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìsinudah. ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’inut’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’inudùlh. ‑‑‑‑K’eghnudùlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utune k’ìlhighnudùlh. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Sidnèhya. ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè ts’idnùs’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwuts’inii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwuniisya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uska mitsìì’ nùtsut. Kuda nìnììya.

too#d-D‑ya/’ats/detl v. (mot

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìtoodudah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìtoodindah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’ùbe tah k’ìtoodusdah. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑’Ìnònè yàtoodèesya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìnòdze la yàtoondèesja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yahnòdze yàtoondèesja. ʘ^ma

nu#D-ya/’ats, nu#‑detl v. (n mom) no D‑ with ‑detl pl. go. ‑‑‑‑Yìdè’è naghniidetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdè’è nunusja. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdìdze naghniidetl lǫ̀. ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze dune nuniidetl lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Utune nunahdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ìdè’è ’utune nunahdetl lǫ̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudasdalhe. ʘ^ma

with d‑ “go forth” ‑‑‑‑’Ìdè’è ’utune nudahdèl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo wook’èh nuts’idoodèlii. ʘ^ma

P‑dà#ya/’ats/detl v. ‑‑‑‑One day kwùsǫ woodàts’oodèlìì. ʘ^ma

P‑gà#d-ya/’ats/detl v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Sugàdèhya. ‑‑‑‑’Ak’ǫ̀ kìnawdnàt’į̀į̀lhii mugàdèesya.

‑gàh nì#ya/’ats v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑Lhiihgàh nighnii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lhiihgàh nìghu’às. ‑‑‑‑Yugàh nìniiya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mugàh nìdiinyalhǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yugàh nooyà’ìì wukayniizun. ʘ^ma

kǫh nì#ya/’ats v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑Kǫh nighnii’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune kǫh nìniiya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ma kǫha nìniiya? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑George kǫh nìniiya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dawdesà kǫh nìts’oo’àsa? ʘ^ma

du#d-ìì‑ya/’ats/detl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Dudììya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune dudììya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, dudìnyah. Nuk’ànoostą̀’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo duts’idìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Daghdìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, duts’idoo’àsii. ʘ^ma

dii nun k’eh ‑ya/’ats/detl v. (ìì ~ n mom)

ìì‑ cnj: ‑‑‑‑Dii nun k’eh ìsya. For further example(s) of [ìì-] cnj see dawdesà’.

n‑ cnj: ‑‑‑‑Dii nun k’eh ts’inii’ats.

nì#ya/’ats/detl v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑Dii nun k’eh nìniiyade ’udoo màda yedììh. (Lhooda) For further example(s) of nì#ya/’ats/detl see dedza.

’uji#d-ya/’ats/detl v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo k’udà’ ’ujideyah. ‑‑‑‑’Ujidèhya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Linda kwune ’ujighdadùlhe.

P‑ì#gh-ìì‑ya/’ats v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Sìghììya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mìghìsya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune mìghìnya mugàh ’unt’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas ’ights’ìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mights’ìì’ats. ʘ^ma

P‑ì#d-ìì’ats/detl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo lhights’idììt’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khighdììdetl. ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane koodi’į̀į̀hde lhights’idììdetl. ʘ^ma

‑tu#ya/’ats/detl v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune khutuniiya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhituts’iniidetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune tunahdèl. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Khutaghniidetl wuts’eh didììhii ’uts’ujàh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Wutaghniidetl. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Khinii joo wootuts’oo’àsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dune tuts’oodèlii. ʘ^em For further example(s) of ‑tu#ya/’ats/detl see ts’eh (under sà’è wuts’eh).

P‑t’ù#ya/’ats/detl v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑Got t’ìiya. ʘ^em

P‑t’ù‑nu#ya/’ats/detl v. ‑‑‑‑Niwisch’ilè’ sehtsulii ’umanlèh. ’Usdii t’ùnundah. ‑‑‑‑Nugòdè’ t’ùnundah. ‑‑‑‑Nukhugodè’ t’ùnaht’às. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Khu’ejè’ t’unts’oot’àsii.

‑zà#D-ya/’ats/detl v. (gh mom) also zù#. ‑‑‑‑Lhiihzànughut’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sik’ida ’uzùnudah. ‑‑‑‑Sik’ida ’uzùnughut’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nik’ida ’uzunts’ut’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mary sik’ida Edna zùnudah. ‑‑‑‑Sik’ida ’uzunughat’ats. ʘ^ma

kù#d-ya/’ats/detl v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Kùdèesya. ‑‑‑‑Kùts’idoo’àsii.

dune mèkèh kùduyahii n. ʘ^ma

dune kùdèhya n. ‑‑‑‑Dune kùdèhya ts’è’ dèhya.

ghìda O‑h-yha/’ats/detl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Ghìda ’oonhyhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’òòdawa gàh ghìda ’oosyhah. ‑‑‑‑Ya ka ghìda ’oosyhaha?

P‑i#’-h‑yha/’ats/detl v. (ìì,n mom) ‑‑‑‑Kuda suts’è’ ’inhyhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khudii, suts’è’ me’iinhyhah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna nuts’è’ ’e’ììhyha. ‑‑‑‑Meghniih’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuts’è’ medasyhalhe.

opt with 3sg object of postposition. (1s moosyhà’ii, 2s moonh‑, 3s yooh, 1p mets’ooh’àsii, 2p mòòwah‑, 3p moowooh‑/mèghooh‑) ‑‑‑‑Nupanè’ nuts’è’ moosyhà’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuts’è’ moosyhà’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ moonhyhà’ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kuda suts’è’ ’oohyhà’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usba muts’è’ ’ets’òòh’àsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ mòòwah’àsǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usba sits’è’ ’òòwooh’àsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dèkusk’ehdza suts’è’ moonhyhà’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ yoohyhà’ii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mèghooh’àsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usba suts’è’ mèwooh’asii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Usba suts’è’ ’èwooh’asii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’è’ mèghooh’àsii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya nuts’è’ wooh’àsa? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of opt see digh (under ‑dighde).

P‑dù#d-ya/’ats/detl v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑Mudùdniisya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sudùdniiya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dloona nugàh kwiiget? Mudùts’idòòdèlii.

P‑ì#d-ìì‑ya/’ats/detl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Sìdììya. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii ch’ila sìdììya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mìdìsya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Iigholh ’èh mìdììsya. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Nellie ’ìdìnya? ‑‑‑‑Mighdììdùlh. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Mìts’idìì’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mighdììdetl. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Louie ’ìdìsya. Khu’èh ka’òòhlhahii wuka mìdìsya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii sąs mìts’idììdetl. Dòòdii ’utaghts’ììhsugh. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of P‑ì#d-ìì‑ya/’ats/detl see tal (under impf).

cust ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’òòdane saghghììhlhah. ’Wèdè’ sìnaghdììt’às.

yhììh k’ì#ìì‑ya/’ats/detl v. k’ì‑’ sometimes ‑‑> k’è’. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo khudii la khwùdè’ yhììh k’ìts’ìdetl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yhììh k’ì’oonyà’ììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kusk’eh zǫh sǫ yhììh k’ì’oonyà’ìì. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of yhììh k’ì#ìì‑ya/’ats/detl see ’į̀į̀h³ (under refl).

yhììh kù#ya/’ats/detl v. (s) ‑‑‑‑Yhììh kùsuya. ‑‑‑‑Yhììh kawnyà’ii. [cf. P‑ku# “fetch, go for”]

P‑k’à#ya/’ats/detl v. (s mom) variant of P‑gà#ya/’ats/detl. ‑‑‑‑Muk’àsusya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mike k’àsinyaǫ? ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Muk’ànyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Joe k’ànyah. ʘ^ma

cust ‑‑‑‑Suk’ànudah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Joe suk’ànudah. ʘ^ma

P‑gà#ya/’ats/detl v. (mom) variant of P‑k’à#ya/’ats/detl. ‑‑‑‑Nugàwsyà’ììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

inc#d-D‑ya v.

’òòd-e#d-D‑ya v.

per ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune kooyè k’è’òòdedudah. ʘ^ma

dlòw-e#d-D‑ya v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Nudlòwedadalh.

per ‑‑‑‑Nèh k’ìdlòwedudah. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Nudlòwedidùsja.

dzugh-e#d-D‑ya v.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìdzughedudah. ʘ^ma

sa#d-D‑ya v.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìsadudah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkwune ts’òòdane k’ìsaghdut’às. ʘ^ma

sul-e#d-D‑ya v.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìsuledudah. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Gwuda wuts’eh joo nìnusulèsdah.

tsugh-e#d-D‑ya v.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìtsughedudah. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Nitsughedidììyah.

ts’įįh-e#d-D‑ya v.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’įįhedudah. ʘ^ma

yhin-e#d-D‑ya v.

prog ‑‑‑‑Nuyhinedadalh.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìyhinedudah. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Nuyhinedidùsja.

yììhe#d-D‑ya v.

per ‑‑‑‑Ya ka k’ìyììhedudah? ʘ^ma

O‑gh-D‑ya/’ats/detl v.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ìsighudah. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ’uska dune k’ighghut’às.

dune k’ìghudahii n.

’udi-k’ì#w-d‑D-ya/’ats/detl v.

per ‑‑‑‑’Udik’oots’idoot’àsii. ‑‑‑‑’Udik’oodudah. ‑‑‑‑’Udik’oowoodut’as. ‑‑‑‑’Udik’ìnawts’idoot’àsii.

> dune kùduyahii kǫh “outhouse” see under kǫh

ya⁴

P‑i#d-ya v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Sidiiya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùdii sidiiya. ‑‑‑‑Edna ’ędii sidiiya. ‑‑‑‑Dupanè’ ghǫh midiiya ’ii ’èh la kwùla kàdidììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woodiiya. ʘ^ma

ya⁵, yà

mom

yàh

ya

yàlh

yàh

d-ya v. ‑‑‑‑Mun dudidììya. ‑‑‑‑Too dùdììya. ‑‑‑‑Koowà joo mun dunudèhya. ‑‑‑‑’Àt dadnììya. ‑‑‑‑’Àt dunaya. ‑‑‑‑Lhut dadnììya. ‑‑‑‑Muts’ughe wuts’eh lhut kùnaya. ‑‑‑‑Wutl’ùs sudàniiya.

Kawdèya, Kawdèyade pn. For example(s) for Kawdèya, Kawdèyade see ’ą² (under h‑’ą).

Kawdèya: ʘ^ma

Kawdèyade: ʘ^lt

Kawdèya Ts’elę̀’ pn. ʘ^ma

Duwawdèya pn. ʘ^lt

kwùn diduyahii n. ‑‑‑‑Yut’awdusk’ohje kwùn diduyahii ’è’įį. ʘ^ma

h-yha v. ‑‑‑‑Suts’ùdè’ sehyha.

caus ‑‑‑‑Si’įįh ’utsigǫ̀’ ’inhyhàh.

P‑k’i#d-ya v. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nukeht’àdii ts’ìì’ònè kwùn gaha sinhlha. Mik’idooyàhììsį̀į̀.

ya⁶

> sà#d-ya “wear around neck” see under la²

> nù#d-ya “pl. stand (up)” see under la²

> tèle#d-ya “pl. lie down” see under la²

> chwe#d-ya “pl. lie down” see under la²

> ’-d‑ya “pl. keep to oneselves” see under la²

yà¹

yà# vpf. (s,s mom) [PA *na:n’‑ “across” (KL)]

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Yàyùs’ǫ.

mot

impf (1s yàs‑, 2s yàsin‑/yàn‑, 3s yà‑, 1p yàts’u‑, 2p yàsah‑/yàh‑, 3p yàghu‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yàsyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yànyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yìdàde yàsinyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yàsinyah? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàntl’à’. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yàyah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yàts’u’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yàh’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yàsah’às. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yàghu’às. ʘ^ma

pf (1s yàsus‑, 2s yàsin‑, 3s yàsu‑, 1p yàts’us’ats, 2p yàsah‑, 3p yàghus‑) ‑‑‑‑Yàsusya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàsinyaǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàsuya. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàts’us’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàghus’ats. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàsah’adzǫ? ʘ^ma For further example(s) of pf see ke² (under mom).

yà²

yà#d-ìì‑ vpf. ‑‑‑‑Yàydìì’ǫ.

yà’¹

mom

yàh

yà’

yàlh

yàh

P‑e#w-yà’ v. (gh) ‑‑‑‑Dune ’ędii mewuyàh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sulèè’ midnìszǫ̀’. ’Udoo mà’us’ą̀h. Mewooyàhii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ ’ędii sewuyàh. ‑‑‑‑Edna Mary ’ędii mewayà’. ’Usanii mewayà’. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune muk’udzè’ sewayà’.

yà’²

yà’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma (psd ‑yà’, dim yàazii) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑muyà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑tlįį yà’ ‑‑‑‑kuda yà’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑yà’ chow ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yhììh yà’ ’ulę ’udoo meghidììh. (Lhooda) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii kuda ma yà’ nùstlǫ. [PA *ya’ “louse” (KL)]

tsà’ yà’ n. ʘ^ma

yà’³

’udoo yà’ pro. short form of yèda. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yà’ tùnìsdeh.

yà’⁴

yà’ adv. emphatic particle. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo yà’ ’usk’ookàn ’ahlę fishnet ’ìdahnii ’ùkoo ’èh laghgheh’įį.

> yàdeht’òga “ball” see under t’òga

yah

yah‑ dirpf. ‑‑‑‑yahdè’è ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yahdakhwii k’ègwuch. ‑‑‑‑Yahnònè la tinadnugèt. ʘ^ma For further examples of yah‑ see digh (under ‑dighde); ii² (under ‑ii).

yahaya

Yahaha prsn. (pr Yahaʹya) ʘ^ma personal name; also short form of Yahaya Sudade.

Yahaya Sudade pn. ʘ^ma

> ‑yàhsùn “sirloin tip” see under tsùn²

yahyighii det. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yahyighii gwudzè’ nin’ą̀h. ‑‑‑‑Ya wuk’idììkedza? Yahyighii?

> yahyughà “just over there, that way” see under yughà

Yak’usda n. [from Car yak’usda “God”]

yagh

‑yaghè’ n. ‑‑‑‑’uyaghè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyaghè’ ’èh ’utsigǫ̀’ ’ustsuts da sa wiizǫǫ. ʘ^ma

yàn n. (psd ‑yànè’) [from Eng yarn]

yaz little

duyazii n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (dim duyaza) ‑‑‑‑Duyazii mun` mah nùdèhya. ‑‑‑‑Sąs duyaza tl’owe k’eh k’èh’às. [PA *ya:ž-e: “(sister’s) son (of woman)” (L05)]

‑duyazè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Muduyazè’ wìlę.

Kǫh Wuduyazè’ pn. ʘ^ma

kwùn yaz n. [from Car?]

yàsele n. ʘ^ma ʘ^lt

Dune Yàsele ’Unubęde, Yàsele Dune ’Unubęde pn.

Dune Yàsele ’Unubęde: ʘ^lt

Yàsele Dune ’Unubęde: ʘ^lt

> yàsgidla “louse” see under gìtl

> yàsts’įįla “louse” see under ts’įįle

yàtòna n. (pr yàtònaʹ) ‑‑‑‑Yàtòna k’èh wuk’ànehtą. ʘ^ma

yàtòna chow n. (Odocoileus hemionus)

yàtòna zǫza n. (Odocoileus virginianus)

yhàts

mom

yìs

yàts

yìs

yìs

P‑ghà#’-yàts v. (n mom) ‑‑‑‑Edna sàniiyàts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna sàniiyàdzii ’èh mughǫh dusdlòw. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khàniiyàts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna ghànisyàts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mànisyàts. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of P‑ghà#’-yàts see ǫ (under ‑o).

impf (1s ‑à’usyìs, 2s ‑à’in‑, 3s ‑à’u‑, 1p ‑àts’i‑, 2p ‑à’ah‑, 3p ‑’àghi‑) ‑‑‑‑’Udoo mà’usyìs. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sà’uyìs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo lhàts’iyìs. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sà’inyìs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo màts’iyìs. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sà’ahyìs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo sàghiyìs. ʘ^ma

opt (1s mà’oosyìsii, 2s mà’oon‑, 3s yà’oo‑, 1p mats’oo‑, 2p mà’wah‑/mawah‑, 3p mawoo‑) ‑‑‑‑Mà’oosyìsììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Edna ghà’oonyìsììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mà’oonyìsììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ya’ooyìsììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mats’ooyìsììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mawahyìsììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane ghà’wahyìsììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane mà’wahyìsììnò. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mawooyìsììsį̀į̀. ʘ^ma

pass ‑‑‑‑Sàdnudzàts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii nupanè’ màdnudzàts. ‑‑‑‑Edna ghàdnudzàts. ʘ^ma

refl ‑‑‑‑’Udughànudzàdzii ’èh dzidiizut. ʘ^ma

yawdisk’ìsda n. (pr yawdisk’ìsdaʹ) ʘ^ma [< ‑k’ìs “jump”?]

yąą̀dza

‑yąą̀dza n. ‑‑‑‑’uyąą̀dza ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑gwùndàn yąą̀dza ‑‑‑‑sąs yąą̀dza ‑‑‑‑dlèzhe yąą̀dza ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo muyąą̀dza yutah nùdèhya. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gwùndàn yąą̀dza nèehyhǫ. [cf. yaz “little”]

> yaàmah “around the world” see under mah

yaàno adv. (pr yaànoʹ) ʘ^ma ʘ^mc requires following imperfective verb. ‑‑‑‑Yaàno chǫ ’udeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yaàno ’udoo chǫ ’udeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yaàno ’idoo chǫ ’udeh. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Yaàno ’udoo nùts’ii. ‑‑‑‑Yaàno ’udoo ’udehkhǫ̀h, didòò kutl’e. ‑‑‑‑Yaàno shòwanast’e. For further example(s) of yaàno see iidìì’ (under sentential argument). [cf. kwuno “hopefully, I wish”]

ye

dur

ye

yè’

yèlh

yè’

O‑oo-ìì‑ye v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Woozìì’ dèòòya? ‑‑‑‑Siizìì’ Mike ’òòye. ‑‑‑‑Mike ’òòsye. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miizìì’ Davie ’òòyè’. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì Teanna ’òòye. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dè’òòdàyèlha? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas ’òòyè’ìì wukayniizun. For further examples of O‑oo-ìì‑ye see a (under suffix to verb); tsǫǫ (under ‑tsǫǫ). [PA *u:‑lə-ye: “call (a certain name)” (L87)]

yè¹, yì¹ down

’ooyè dir. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Bed k’eh ’ooyè nàats’ut. ‑‑‑‑’Ooyè nùdèhya. For further example(s) of ’ooyè see ’ą¹ (under n-h‑’ǫ).

yè# vpf. (gh

mot ‑‑‑‑Yèedooz. ‑‑‑‑’Usgoo suts’unè’ yèegèt. ‑‑‑‑Yus dikìdii yèests’ut. ‑‑‑‑Wuyèekets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Suts’èhts’ìgè’ wuyèekets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wutl’ùs yèekets. ʘ^ma

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ ’èh too ye’inkàh. ʘ^ma

ts’iihyòòwè dir. ʘ^ma This directional stem only occurs with ts’iih‑ “straight”. ‑‑‑‑Ts’iihyòòwè sąs k’ànustą. ‑‑‑‑Ts’iihyòòwè suk’èh wugaha k’èghus. (based on a sentence from Early Travels)

yìdze dir. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑ts’iihyìdze ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’iihyìdze sits’èetl’elh. ‑‑‑‑Yìdze la tunsuja. ʘ^ma [PA *yəx̣-č’ən’ “towards down” (Lpc)]

‑yida, ‑yooda dir. ‑‑‑‑’ììyida ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ììyida nàats’ut nudin’ą̀h. [PA *yəx̣-d “down (punctual)” (Lpc)]

P‑yìì# vpf. (gh mom

clf-mot ‑‑‑‑Wutl’ùs yììyiila. ‑‑‑‑Nun yììyiihtę. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii nun yìihtę. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii gah gwuda yus yìihtę.

succ For example(s) for succ see tl’un (under O‑tl’un).

yè² there

kooyè adv. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyè k’indah. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyè nawdiinlelh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyè k’indahǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyè la kesdììhde la kwùla nudàdissįį. ‑‑‑‑Kooyè muka k’ìdindiih. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kooyè miyiih wuk’ànhtą. ʘ^ma

’ahyè dir. ‑‑‑‑’Ahyè kìnaghnìintį̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Nutùsè’ ’ahyè nuntseh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudahda ’ahyè wìsinhlha. ʘ^ma

yahyè dir. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yahyè sinda. ‑‑‑‑Yahyè wuk’ànhtą. ʘ^ma

ye’ exp. ʘ^em variant of ye’. ‑‑‑‑“Ye’,” yèhnii. ʘ^em

yèda pro. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Yèda mukayniinzę ìnhchoot. ʘ^em

’udoo yèda pro. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo yèda kaynuszun. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii ’udoo yèda dìsts’ugh.

> ‑yèdà’ “chin” see under dà’¹

yheh, yhǫ grow

conc	yeh	yǫ	yelh	yeh
mom	yeh	yǫ	yelh	.

yhon n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii sulèè’ yhon zǫh yizèhkhę. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè sujǫ ’èh yhon yizèhkhę.

too duyonè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Too duyonè’ ’oonejit, ’ìdighè canyon.

yǫ̀’ adj. ‑‑‑‑dune yǫ̀’ ‑‑‑‑’Usba yǫ̀’ dachowii zèhkhę.

deyǫ̀’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑deyǫ̀’ katsìdla ʘ^ma

wooyǫ̀’ n. ‑‑‑‑’Ùnò’k’àh, mǫh nidzooht’ea? Wooyǫ̀’ wutèyii. ʘ^ma

n-H‑yeh v. For example(s) for n-H‑yeh see ’òòsbììba.

conc ‑‑‑‑Nuyeh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nèhyǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane nèhyǫ.

mom ‑‑‑‑Mednììhyhǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lheghdnììhyhǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mukè’ corn ’ednììhyhǫ. ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè Fox tahcheh wuts’è’ ’utune lhìnawdnìihyhǫ. [PA *n‑(ɬ‑)ya:ŋ “grow, raise, bring up” (L87)]

nuyeh n. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sǫǫdle nuyeh dune yutsudzii la.

’utl’ǫh nuyeh n. ‑‑‑‑’Utl’ǫh nusyeh.

dist ‑‑‑‑Naghnèhyǫ.

caus ‑‑‑‑Faye ’èh Jerry ’èh ghighnehyheh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Faye ’èh Jerry ’èh ghighnèhyhǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Iibèh dǫ̀h ts’inèhyhǫ. ‑‑‑‑Nèehyhǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yinèhyhǫ. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc

refl ‑‑‑‑’Udnèhyǫ.

kù#n-yeh v.

kùnuyehii n. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo kùnuyehii ts’inoohyhehii. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune yutsudzii kùnuyehii kwudninlèh. ʘ^ma

caus ‑‑‑‑Lùbùdak kùnehyheh. ‑‑‑‑Kùnuyehii kùdnahyhelhe. ‑‑‑‑Mukè’ ts’eh corn kùniihyhǫ.

kùnehyhehii n. ʘ^ma

P‑ta#w-n‑h-yhǫ v. (n mom)

pf (1s ‑tawnìniihyhǫ, 2s ‑tawnìniinh‑, 3s ‑tawnìniih‑, 1p ‑tawts’inìniih‑, 2p ‑tawnìnah‑, 3p ‑tawoonìniih‑) ‑‑‑‑Sits’òòdawa tawnìniihyhǫ. ‑‑‑‑Wootawnìniihyhǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khutawnìniinhyhǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khutawnìniihyhǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wootawts’inìniihyhǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khutawnìnahyhǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khutawoonìniihyhǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khutah woonìniihyhǫ. ʘ^mc For further example(s) of pf see ts’òòdane.

pass ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo Barbara kwune weskèghe jode Fort Ware zǫh wootanuyeh.

Tsà’ Lhutuwiihyhǫde pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^ma

tu#n-h‑yhǫ v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ tunehyheh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ninii tììyè’ tuninhyheh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tuninhyheh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tììyè’ tunahyheh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Udoo tunahyheh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tunèhyhǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo ts’òòdawa taghnèhyhǫ.

w-yǫ v.

impf (1s wusyǫ, 2s win‑, 3s wu‑, 1p wits’u‑, 2p wah‑, 3p woowu‑) ‑‑‑‑Wusyǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Winyǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Wuyǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ wuyǫ. Nulèè’ joo wuyǫ‑ǫ? ‑‑‑‑Miidìì’ wìlę. Wuyǫ. ‑‑‑‑Wits’uyǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Shòwà’ wahyǫ‑ǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Woowuyǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ghadus wuyǫ. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìì’ònè dune ya’ììhlhahii ’èh, ’uyii tsà’ wuyǫ. ‑‑‑‑’Ii ts’òòdane wuywą̀jàh. ʘ^ma [PA *qʊ-ya:ŋ “be wary, wise” (L87)]

Dune Wuyǫ Munè’ pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^lt

D-yǫ v. (conc) D-y ‑‑> j. ‑‑‑‑tsà’ sujǫii ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ sujǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ menììjǫ. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sujǫ ’èh matiiyawììht’e. ʘ^ma

cust For example(s) for cust see tu² (under cust).

mom ‑‑‑‑Chinaghnèesjǫ. ʘ^ma

woojǫ̀’ adj. ‑‑‑‑Woojǫ̀’ Khutà’ didii nun k’eh ’ukhììlàh. ʘ^em

yeh- dirpf. medium distance; uncommon. ‑‑‑‑Yehdighè la tùts’usdetl. ʘ^em ‑‑‑‑Yehdà’è dunèhtlah. ʘ^em

yhèh [cf. yhèlh “trap”]

> yhèh kàs “toggle, snare or trap stick” see under kàs

> yhèh tsùn “bait” see under tsùn²

yehzuda wh. ‑‑‑‑Yehzuda nawdnììtl’ùdza. ‑‑‑‑Yehzuda nundiihkhedla. For further example(s) of yehzuda see iidìì’ (under sentential argument).

yhèlh n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc (psd ‑yèlhè’) ‑‑‑‑muyèlhè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tsà’ dowa yhèlh nighniila. ‑‑‑‑Muyèlhè’ mudowa nunlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Muyèlhè’ mughǫh lhundinlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yhèlh tah k’òòwist’į̀į̀h da sawute’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yhèlh tah wuts’eh kints’idììdetl. [PA *he’:ɬ “trap” (K05)]

dichin yèlh n.

> yhèlh k’èh “trap house, where trap is set” see under k’èh

yèlh

tsehyèlh n. (psd ‑tsehyèlhè’) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ’uska sutsehyèlhè’ lhìiyìts.

yèlìì adv. (pr yèʹlìì) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yèlìì t’unèhtl’a.

> ‑yets’ų̀’ “jaw” see under ts’un

yì¹

P‑yì#w-n‑ vpf. (gh) yi-w ‑‑> yòo. ‑‑‑‑Miyòoniistatl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miyìnawniistatl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miyòots’iniitatl. ‑‑‑‑Miyòonintàl. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Hǫ, miyòoninkàt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miyòoniiht’uts. For further examples of P‑yì#w-n‑ see ’èts (under mom); ’èts (under mom); ’èts (under mom). [cf. ‑yìghe “inside, core”]

yì²

yì‑ dirpf. neutral to far distance; variant of ’ì‑. ‑‑‑‑yìnosdè’ ‑‑‑‑Yìdighè ghidùsdetl.

> ‑yida “down at location” see under yè¹

> yìdze “from down, from below” see under yè¹

yìghe

‑yìghe n. (w) [PA *yəɣ.‑e: “down” (Lpc)]

inside, core: ‑‑‑‑miyìghe ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Miyìghe widìsjit. ‑‑‑‑Gwuda gat yìghe dusudàsą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Diih yus yìghe dèhts’ii. ʘ^em For further examples of inside, core see dul¹ (under lh-dule); tl’ò’ (under d-tl’ò’).

through (weather): ‑‑‑‑Yus yìghe nudèesja. ‑‑‑‑Chǫ yìghe nasdalh. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii didòò kutl’e dò ’uyii dune ’iize yìghe nadalh. ʘ^ma

> P‑ì‑yhìghe#n-h‑diih “knead P” see under dìì’¹

> ‑ìyigh#d-h‑guts “stir” see under gus

yhin sing, song

dur

jin

jin

jin

jin

yhin n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑yinè’) ‑‑‑‑Dune za yinè’ ’oodis’į̀į̀h. ʘ^ma

D-yin v. (dur) D-y ‑‑> j. ‑‑‑‑Ghijin. ‑‑‑‑Wenììjin. ‑‑‑‑Dajine. ‑‑‑‑Wujinìì wukayniizun. [PA *d-yən “sing shamanistically” (L87)]

impf (1s ’usjin, 2s ’in‑, 3s ’u‑, 1p ts’i‑, 2p ’ah‑, 3p ghi‑) ‑‑‑‑Mudowa ’usjin. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudowa ’injin. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yudowa ’ujin. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudowa ts’ijin. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudowa ’ahjin. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Mudowa ghijin. ʘ^ma

mets’ijinii n.

dune ’ujinii n.

Mèh ’Ujine Munè’ pn.

yhin-e# inc.

> yhin-è#H-da “sg. sing while sitting” see under da³

> yhin-e#d-D‑ya “walk singing” see under ya³

yhìs n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑yìsè’, dim yhìsa) [PA *x^yə’ts’ “hill” (KL)]

Yhìs Chow pn. ʘ^ma ʘ^lt

yìs

> P‑ghà#’-yàts “scare, startle, disturb P” see under yhàts

yhìtl

> ’uyìdlè’ “wood chip, shavings” see under tsèl

> ’uts’unè’ yìdla “bone axe, small axe for chopping bones” see under tsèl

> O‑tsèl “chop, pound, hit O with missile” see under tsèl

yits

‑yidzè’ n. [PA *‑yədze’ “penis” (K05)]

tlįį diyidzè’ exp. ʘ^ma mild oath. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo kunt’e, tlįį diyidzè’. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Andreas dzisidniiyòòt, tlįį diyidzè’. ʘ^ma

widzįįh diyidza n.

yhìts¹

dur	yìts	yìts		.
mom	yìs	yìts	yìs	yìs

O‑d-yìts v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑’Utsigǫ̀’ sadinyìs. ‑‑‑‑Gat dists’ìì’ sudowa dinyìts. ‑‑‑‑’Ul diisyìts, sukǫh dowa. ‑‑‑‑’Ul nedòòsyehii dowa ’ul diisyìts.

P‑gho#d-yìts v. (s mom) ‑‑‑‑’Ul ghodisyìs. ‑‑‑‑Dasts’ii ghodinyìs. ‑‑‑‑’Ul ghodèesyìts.

O‑yìts v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Naydìsyìts. ‑‑‑‑Dudzezų̀lhè’ lhìiyìts. ‑‑‑‑Minichìnè’ kudninyìs. ‑‑‑‑Duzà’ k’ooniiyìts. ‑‑‑‑Taydniiyìts. ‑‑‑‑Dists’ii chighdninyìs. Kwùts’ididòòhk’ǫ̀hii. For further example(s) of O‑yìts see ’i (under ’i#d-n‑).

O‑d-n‑yìts v. (gh mom) ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs dinusyìs. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs dinuyìs. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Yidniyìs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ts’idniyìs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs ts’idniyìs. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs ts’idnuyìs. ʘ^ei ‑‑‑‑Yidniiyìts. [PA *yəš-g^y “rub (esp. skin, so as to soften it), crumple” (L87)]

pass ‑‑‑‑’Uzùs dinadzìts.

yhìts²

conc

yìts

yìts

yìts

yìts

O‑n-yìts v.

conc ‑‑‑‑Nu’ahè’ ninyìts. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì su’ahè’ nèesyìts. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nudòwa ’ah dinasyìdze.

pass

mèh ’unidzìdzii n. ʘ^ma

Yitsoot’ą prsn. ʘ^ma (Morice Yû‑tsû‑t’qenne, Jenness Yutuwichan (“Fort MacLeod dialect”), Yutuchan (“Fort Grahame dialect”))

yiiba n. ʘ^ma For example(s) for yiiba see ka⁴ (under y-h‑ka). [PA *lə-wa: “be gray” (L87)]

yiih

P‑yiih p. ‑‑‑‑miyiih ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii yiih wuk’ànhtą. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhoowe too yiih k’ànustą. ‑‑‑‑Tse yiih ghidèhts’ii. ‑‑‑‑Ya yiiha wuk’ànoostą̀’a? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Oosà’ suzulii yiih k’òòk nìniis’ǫ. ‑‑‑‑Gah joo ’ahyè wiyiih suda. ʘ^ma

P‑yiihdzè’ p. ‑‑‑‑miyiihdzè’ ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Siyiihdzè’ sinda. ‑‑‑‑Bed yiihdzè’ nin’ą̀h. ʘ^ma

k’èyiih adv. ‑‑‑‑K’èyiih dùdèhtǫ.

> k’èyiih mut’ùsusdaii “my underclothes” see under da³

> Tl’owe Yiih “Grassy Bluff” see under tl’ow

yhììh n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑yììhè’) ‑‑‑‑’Uyii yhììh k’udà’ ghìda. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii yhììh ’udoo sąs looht’e. ‑‑‑‑Yhììh nidòòwè ’òòwììht’e. [PA *x^yə’x^y ~ *x^yə’k^y’ “food, game, means of survival” (Lpc)]

Yhììh Dotiiye pn.

> yhììh kù#O‑h-te “save, rescue O” see under te²

> yhììh k’ì#ìì‑ya/’ats/detl “stay alive, survive” see under ya³

> yhììh kù#ya/’ats/detl “stay alive, survive” see under ya³

yììh¹

O‑d-yììh v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune dinyììhǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Udoo nidisyììh. For further example(s) of O‑d-yììh see dòò¹ (under dòòne).

disyììhii n.

yììh²

conc

yììh

yììh

yìlh~yììlh

yììh

nugu#(O‑)d-yììh v. (conc) ‑‑‑‑Nugudiyììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dòòyazii nugudinyììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Sinii joo nugudèesyììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhèhgą̀h nugudìinyììhǫ? ‑‑‑‑Nugudidayììlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nugudidayìlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nugudidasyììlhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Nuguts’idooyììhii. ‑‑‑‑Siilà’ nugudoosyììhii.

caus ‑‑‑‑Lhèhgą̀h nugusidèhyhììh.

yììh³, yii exhale

conc

jììh

jii

jììh

jììh

D-yììh v. (conc) D-y ‑‑> j. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo ’ujììh. ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ shòwà’ ’ujììh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhonè’ ts’idoojììhii. [PA *də-yi:k^y’/yi:ts^r’ “breathe, be saved, cured, healed” (L87)]

O‑d-n‑H-yììh v. (s) ‑‑‑‑’Udniinyììlhǫ? ‑‑‑‑’Uyii ts’òòdane ’udnèhyii.

lhą̀hdzè’ nì#n-D‑yììh v. (n) ‑‑‑‑Lhą̀hdzè’ nìnìnisjii. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Lhą̀hdzè’ nìnèjii. ʘ^ma

ts’ì#d-D‑yììh v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii wutl’ùs ’èh ts’ìdìsjii ’ii ’èh k’ula yizèhkhę. (Lhooda) ‑‑‑‑Nuts’ìdìsjii. ‑‑‑‑Ts’ìnudìsjii.

’udoo kù#D-yììh v. This verb is only used negatively. ‑‑‑‑’Udoo muts’è’ kùsjìh. ‑‑‑‑Dotiiye dzè’ wukaynuszun la ’udoo kùsjììh. (based on a sentence from Early Travels) For further example(s) of ’udoo kù#D-yììh see ts’ììt (under P‑e#w-h‑ts’ììt).

ti#D-yììh v. ‑‑‑‑Tejii. ‑‑‑‑Kwùla tejii. ‑‑‑‑Khinii tits’ajii.

‑yììh# inc.

> P‑yììh-u#w-d‑nii “P hollers around” see under nii¹

> yììhe#d-H‑tl’e “run around hollering” see under tl’a

> yììhe#d-D‑ya “walk hollering” see under ya³

Yììhda n. (pr yììhdaʹ) ʘ^ma

yįįhdze adv. (pr yįįʹhdze) ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze lat’e. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze sintę. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yįįhdze sahtets. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ii mitsìì’ k’ànustą joo yįįhdze. ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dzǫ̀ǫ̀dza kooht’e yįįhdze nidòòwè. ʘ^ma For further example(s) of yįįhdze see lǫ̀ (under imperfective verb).

yiika adv. ‑‑‑‑yiika dune ‑‑‑‑yiika k’èdahii dune

Yiika dune za prsn. ʘ^ma [compare Wit yinkadinï’ “First Nations person” and DX nguqoxidina’ “human being”]

Yiika dune za dzenèes n.

Yiika ts’òòdawa dzenèes n.

yiis padu n. (pr yiis paʹdu) ʘ^ma [from Eng yeast powder]

yon

‑yonè’ n. ‑‑‑‑Muyonè’ dìsjit.

yhos

d-h‑yhosa v. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii tlązii dehyhosa.

d-h‑D-yosa v. D-y ‑‑> j. ‑‑‑‑Mudone widehjosa. ‑‑‑‑’Uyii duch’we dehjosa.

yhòtl blow, swell

dur	yòlh	yòtl	yòlh	yòlh
dur	yhòlh	yhòtl	yhòlh	yhòlh
mom		yòtl		.

ìì‑yòtl v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ ’ììyòtl. ‑‑‑‑Sitsìstah wììyòtl. ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ ’udoo ’ììyòlh. ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ ’enììyòtl. [PA *‑yʊ’tl’ “blow” (KL)]

‑yòtl v. (mom) ‑‑‑‑Mudàà’ lhìdèyòtl. ‑‑‑‑Mutl’àde joo kùwayòtl.

O‑h-yhòlh v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Kwùn ’inhyhòlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùn ghehyhòlh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Kwùn ghiihyhòtl.

yòò’

du#d-ìì‑yòò’ v. ‑‑‑‑Mugą̀jè’ dudidììyòò’. ‑‑‑‑Mukè’ ts’eh dawdidììyòò’.

‑ywè’ n. ‑‑‑‑tsà’ ywè’ For further example(s) of ‑ywè’ see zow² (under ‑zowè’).

yòòda det. ‑‑‑‑Yòòda sinda. ‑‑‑‑Yòòda wìsinhlha. ʘ^ma

yhòòh

w-d‑d-h‑yhòòh v. ‑‑‑‑Sutlase’ ’ìdighde dukǫh wididehyhòòh. ‑‑‑‑Dukǫh sǫ wididehyhòòhìì. ʘ^ma [from Bv?]

> yoohtèl “mattress” see under tèl

yhòòs

dur

yhòòs

yhòòs

yhòòs

yhòòs

’-d‑h-yhòòs v. (dur) ‑‑‑‑Dune ’udehyhòòsii dìsts’ugh. ‑‑‑‑’Udiihyhoos lǫ̀. [PA *yə’s^r-g^y “whistle” (KL)]

yoot chase, scare

mom	yoot	yòòt	yolh	yoot
per	yoch	yoch	yoch	yoch
prog	yolh

O‑n‑(H‑)yoot v. (mot) H‑ with s‑ perfective only. [PA *n+Ghyu’:d “chase, drive” L87]

prog ‑‑‑‑Naynayolh. ‑‑‑‑Nits’òòdane ts’oodindèh. Showà’ niinyolh. ʘ^ma

per ‑‑‑‑Ma tlįį k’ìnuyoja? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Braedon k’iinuyoch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ìts’inuyoch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Umawii k’ìnayoch. ‑‑‑‑Sulèè’ k’ìnoosyojii.

mom ‑‑‑‑Ts’òòdane kǫh wuk’eh nùnuninyoot. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tùnudnèesyòòt. ‑‑‑‑’Ìdighè ts’idnèhyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Deèdza nidnèhyòòda? ‑‑‑‑Mukǫh ts’è’ naydnèesyòòt. ‑‑‑‑Khǫhdìì yì’ònè ’idnèesyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Supanè’ ’èh kuda tets’ìnèyòòt. ‑‑‑‑Semàwii ch’ila kednàasyolhe. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàwoodnayolhe. ‑‑‑‑Yàwoots’idnooyoodii. For further example(s) of mom see de¹ (under when).

pf with yà# “across”. (1s yànèesyòòt, 2s yànìin‑, 3s yànèh‑, 1p yàts’inèh‑, 2p yànàah‑, 3p yàghnèh‑) ‑‑‑‑Yànèesyòòt. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Tlįį yànèesyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yànìinyòòdǫ? ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Yàsinèhyòòt. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Yàts’inèhyòòt. ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑Tlįį yàts’inèhyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yànàahyòòdǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tlįį yàghnèhyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yàsighnèhyòòt. ʘ^mc

pf with ti# “into water”. (1s tinìnisyòòt, 2s tinìnin‑, 3s tinìnii‑, 1p tits’inìnii‑, 2p tinìnah‑, 3p tighnìnii‑) ‑‑‑‑Gwùndàn tinìnisyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tits’inìniiyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie gwùndàn tinìniiyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie kwune kuda tighnìniiyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tinìniinyòòdǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Tinìnahyòòdǫ? ʘ^ma

dzi#O‑d-n‑yoot, dze#O‑d-n‑yoot v. (gh mom)

dzi#O‑d-n‑yoot: ‑‑‑‑Dzindiniiyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzinukhidniiyòòdo? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzinighdniiyòòdǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Ǫ, Edna kwune dzisighdniiyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ch’ila dziidniiyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune Edna kwune dzighdniiyòòt. ʘ^ma

dze#O‑d-n‑yoot: ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune ts’òòdawa kwune dzedniiyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzesidniiyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzenukhidniiyòòdǫ? ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Dzekhidniiyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Àtsǫǫ dzeghdniiyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Ùkoo dune dzeghghdniiyòòt. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Khuwǫh dzednajòòt. ʘ^em

pass ‑‑‑‑Edna ’ech’à’ dzidnasjòòt.

’-d‑n-D‑yoot v. (mot) [PA *n-lə-g^yu’:d “be afraid” (L87)]

prog ‑‑‑‑Yànadnajolh.

per ‑‑‑‑K’ednujoch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii dune k’ednujoch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Louie khuka k’ednujoch. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑K’ets’idnujoch. ʘ^ma

mom ‑‑‑‑Nellie ’ìdà’è ’udnìsjòòt. ‑‑‑‑Yìdà’è ’uts’idnìsjòòt. ʘ^ma

yòòwè

> yòòwèda’ą̀’ “face down, upside down” see under ’ą²

> ts’iihyòòwè “straight down” see under yè¹

> yu#ìì‑¹ “throw off, into the air” see under ya²

> yukòmadugwujii “one‑ to two-year-old bull moose” see under gèt

yughà dir. ‑‑‑‑Yughà nunzut. For further example(s) of yughà see tsii (under O‑tsii).

yahyughà dir. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑Yahyughà k’intl’eh. ‑‑‑‑Yahyughandeh.

’ahyughà dir. For example(s) for ’ahyughà see zooh (under wizoowè’).

yus n. ʘ^ma (psd ‑yusè’) ‑‑‑‑Yus ’ut’e. ‑‑‑‑Yus zǫh k’ànustą. ’Udoo yèda ’us’į̀į̀h. ‑‑‑‑Yus tah kwudninlèh. ʘ^ma ‑‑‑‑’Uyii yus suk’e’ììts’ut. [PA *yαs “snow” (L87)]

dahyusè’ n. ʘ^ma ʘ^mc ‑‑‑‑K’udà’ ’udoo dahyusè’ wìlę.

’iits’ii ba yusè’ n.

> yus dehgìdla “hailstone, snow ball” see under gìtl

> yus k’eh “winter” see under k’eh

> yus tòò’ “snow water, water melted from snow” see under too¹

> yus tsulè’ “sleet, wet snow” see under tsul

> ‑ywè’ “scent” see under yòò’