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Coin featuring portrait of Hephthalite royal
Malka (approximately 460-500)
Bronze (?)
Late 5th century
Diameter: 2.5 cm
Weight: 3.6 grams

Copyright © T. K. Mallon-McCorgray, 1996

The inscription on the face of this coin is written in Pahlavi script ("nycky MLK"), with the principle control mark ("Sh") rendered upside-down. The reverse depicts a fire altar with attendants, each standing under six-spoked wheels (Mithraic sun wheel? Buddhist wheel of law?). This fire altar points to an interest in Zoroastrianism among the Hephthalites, most likely imported from the Sassanians. Whether they actually practiced this faith or merely imitated the motifs found on Sassanian coins cannot be determined.

This example presents a number of changes in design from other Hephthalite coins. Most obvious are the lack of an elongated head, and the insertion of a buffalo head on the top of the crown. These differences have given reason for some scholars to suggest that coins demonstrating this design type were not minted by the Hephthalite at all, but by a more obscure group known as the Cao. Yet as T. K. Mallon-McCorgray notes, the many ways in which this example repeats other elements of Hephthalite coinage (orientation of the head, tassels hanging behind the crown, similar jewelry) indicates a Hephthalite connection of some sort.