Cardiothoracic

• Lung Nodule
  • Risk factors and presentation, importance of old chest X-ray
  • Lung cancer vs. metastatic cancer vs. benign
  • Peripheral vs. central
  • Staging: bronchoscopy, CT, node sampling
  • Predicting resectability: pulmonary function, hoarseness, pleural effusion
• Dysphagia
  • Risk factors and presentation: solids vs. liquids vs. reflux
  • Work-up: radiologic, endoscopic
  • Barrett's esophagus
• Aortic Aneurysm
  • Presentation, medical management, indications for operation
• Cardiac Surgery
  • Who needs an emergency coronary artery bypass

The following topics will NOT be discussed, therefore outside reading is recommended:

• Congenital heart defects
• Pre-operative assessment - cardiac and pulmonary risks of surgery