Endocrine/Melanoma

• Thyroid:
  • Physical exam/differential diagnosis, workup of a thyroid mass
  • Thyroid carcinoma - risk factors, papillary, follicular, mixed, medullary, anaplastic, prognosis, treatment with I131
  • Surgery - anatomy, extent of resection, complications
• Parathyroid:
  • Hypercalcemia - differential diagnosis, emergent treatment
  • Hyperparathyroidism - workup, primary, secondary, tertiary
  • Surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism vs hyperplasia
• Adrenal:
  • Adrenal mass - differential diagnosis, workup (x-ray, laboratory)
  • Pheochromocytoma - laboratory findings, preoperative blockade,
  • Hypertensive crisis, MEN II
  • Cushing's syndrome, Cushing's disease, laboratory distinction of cause
  • Adrenocortical carcinoma - diagnosis, prognosis
• MEN syndromes - MEN I, MEN II - diagnosis, role and sequence of surgery in each
• Melanoma:
  • Pigmented skin lesion - differential diagnosis, method of biopsy
  • Subtypes - superficial spreading, nodular, acral lentiginous, lentigo maligna melanoma
  • Clark levels, Breslow thickness
  • Prognostic factors - thickness, location (BANS distribution) ulceration, sex
  • Treatment - margins, role of elective and therapeutic lymph node dissection

The following topics will NOT be discussed, therefore outside reading is recommended:

• Thyroid: physiology/thyroid suppression, benign conditions eg: Grave's disease, Hashimoto's, multinodular goiter
• Parathyroid: hypoparathyroidism - differential diagnosis/treatment
• Adrenal: adrenal insufficiency - diagnosis, etiology, treatment; primary hyperaldosteronism - symptoms, laboratory findings; virilizing adrenal tumors