Language: Yukaghir
Language code: yux
Lines: translit translit-seg gloss translat
Author: Olga Zamaraeva, Andrew Troelsen
Date: January, 14, 2014
Source a: Maslova, Elena. A Grammar of Yukaghir. 2002.

# Word order

# Basic order

# Intransitive verb

#1 SV directly converted from a:97
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo, agreement
alme jedej
alme jede-j
shaman.NOM appear-INTR.3SG
'The shaman appears'

#2 VS
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
jedej alme
jede-j alme
appear-INTR.3SG shaman.NOM
'The shaman appears'

# Transitive verb

#3 SOV
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
alme towkele juøm
alme towke-le juø-m
shaman.NOM dog-INSTR see.TR-3SG
'The shaman saw a dog'

#4 OSV
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
towkele alme juøm
towke-le alme juø-m
dog-INSTR shaman.NOM see.TR-3SG
'The shaman saw a dog'

#5 SVO
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
alme juøm towkele
alme juø-m towke-le
shaman.NOM see.TR-3SG dog-INSTR
'The shaman saw a dog'

#6 OVS
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: wo
towkele juøm alme
towke-le juø-m alme
dog-INSTR see.TR-3SG shaman.NOM
'The shaman saw a dog'

#7 *VOS
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: wo
juøm towkele alme
juø-m towke-le alme
see.TR-3SG dog-INSTR shaman.NOM
'The shaman saw a dog'

#8 *VSO
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: wo
juøm alme towkele
juø-m alme towke-le
see.TR-3SG shaman.NOM dog-INSTR
'The shaman saw a dog'


# PRONOUNS

# Personal

# Person: 1-2-3

#13 1st
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement
met towke juø
met towke juø
I.NOM dog.NOM see.TR.1SG
'I saw a dog'

#14 2nd
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement
tet towke juømek
tet towke juø-mek
you.NOM dog.NOM see-TR.2SG
'You saw a dog'

#15 3d
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement
tudel towkele juøm
tudel towke-le juø-m
he.NOM dog-INSTR see-TR.3SG
'He saw a dog'

# Number
#16 1st Pl
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement
mit towke juøj
mit towke juø-j
we.NOM dog.NOM see.TR-1PL
'we saw a dog'

#17 2nd pl
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement
tit towke juømet
tit towke juø-met
you.PL.NOM dog.NOM see.TR-2PL
'you saw a dog'

#18 3d pl
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement
titte towkele juøŋā
titte towke-le juø-ŋi-ā
they.NOM dog-INSTR see-3PL-TR
'they saw a dog'

# Case

# Pred: only 1st and 2d per

#19 Pred 1st
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, info, case
metek jedejl
met-ek jede-l
I-PRED appear-SF
'I appeared.'

#20 Pred 2nd
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, info, case
tetek jedejl
tet-ek jede-l
you-PRED appear-SF
'You appeared.'

# Pronom Acc

#21 2nd Pronom Acc; find page!
Source: a:000
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case
met tetul juø
met tet-ul juø
I.NOM you.SG-PronomACC see.TR.1SG
'I saw you.'

#235 2nd Pronom Acc; find page!
Source: a:000
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case
met tet juø
met tet juø
I.NOM you.SG.NOM see.TR.1SG
'I saw you.'

#236 2nd Pronom Acc; find page!
Source: a:000
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case
tet met juø
tet met juø
you.NOM I.SG.NOM see.TR.1SG
'You saw me.'

#237 2nd Pronom Acc; find page!
Source: a:000
Vetted: s
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case
towke metul juø
towke met-ul juø
dog.NOM I.SG-PronomACC see.TR.1SG
'The dog saw me.'

#22 2nd Pl Pronom Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
tudel titul juø
tudel tit-ul juø
he.NOM you.PL-PronomACC see.TR.1SG
'he saw you.'

#23 2nd Pl Pronom Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case
met titul juø
met tit-ul juø
I.NOM you.PL-PronomACC see.TR.1SG
'I saw you.'

#24 2nd Pl Pronom Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case
tet metul juømek
tet met-ul juø-mek
you.NOM I-PronomACC see-TR.2SG
'you saw me'

#25 2nd Pl Pronom Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case
tet titkele juømek
tet tit-gele juø-mek
you.NOM you.PL-ACC see-TR.2SG
'I saw you.'

#26 2nd Pl Pronom Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case
tet metkele juømek
tet met-gele juø-mek
you.NOM I-ACC see-TR.2SG
'you saw me'

#238 2nd Pl Pronom Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case
met tetkele juømek
met tet-gele juø-mek
I.NOM you-ACC see-TR.2SG
'I saw you'

#239 2nd Pl Pronom Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case
mit tetkele juømek
mit tet-gele juø-mek
we.NOM you-ACC see-TR.2SG
'We saw you'

#240 2nd Pl Pronom Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case
mit titkele juømek
mit tit-gele juø-mek
we.NOM you-ACC see-TR.2SG
'We saw you'

#241 2nd Pl Pronom Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case
met titkele juømek
met tit-gele juø-mek
I.NOM you-ACC see-TR.2SG
'I saw you'


# Acc

#27 1st Acc 
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case, aspect
towke metkele kudedem
towke met-gele kude-m
dog.NOM I-ACC kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed me'

#28 1st Acc 
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
towkele metkele kudedem
towke-le met-gele kude-m
dog-INST I-ACC kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed me'

#29 1st Acc 
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
towkelek metkele kudedem
towke-lek met-gele kude-m
dog-PRED I-ACC kill-TR.3SG
'the dog has killed me

#30 1st Acc 
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case, aspect
towke met kudedem
towke met kude-m
dog.NOM I.NOM kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed me'

#31 2nd Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case, aspect
towke tetkele kudedem
towke tet-gele kude-m
towke.NOM you-ACC kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed you'

#32 2nd Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, case
towke tet kudedem
towke tet kude-m
towke.NOM you.NOM kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed you'

#33 2nd Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, case
towke tetek kudedem
towke tet-ek kude-m
towke.NOM you-PRED kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed you'

#34 2nd Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun, case
towke tetin kudedem
towke tet-in kude-m
towke.NOM you-DAT kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed you'

#35 3d Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case, agreement, case, aspect
towke tudegele kudedem
towke tudel-gele kude-m
dog.NOM he-ACC kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed him'

#36 3d Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
towke tudelin kudedem
towke tudel-in kude-m
dog.NOM he-DAT kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed him'

#37 3d Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
towke tudel kudedem
towke tudel kude-m
dog.NOM he.NOM kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed him'

#38 1st pl Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, agreement, case, aspect
towke mitkele kudedem
towke mit-gele kude-m
dog.NOM we-ACC kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed us'

#39 1st pl Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun
towke mit kudedem
towke mit kude-m
dog.NOM we.NOM kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed us'

#40 1st pl Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun
towke mitul kudedem
towke mit-ul kude-m
dog.NOM we-PronomAcc kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed us'

#41 1st pl Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pronoun
towke mitin kudedem
towke mit-in kude-m
dog.NOM we-DAT kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed us'

#42 2nd pl Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case, agreement, pronoun, aspect
towke titkele kudedem
towke tit-gele kude-m
dog.NOM you.PL-ACC kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed you'

#43 2nd pl Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
towke tit kudedem
towke tit kude-m
dog.NOM you.NOM kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed you'

#44 2nd pl Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
towke titin kudedem
towke tit-in kude-m
dog.NOM you-DAT kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed you'

#45 3d pl Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case, pronoun, agreement, aspect
towke tittegele kudedem
towke titte-gele kude-m
dog.NOM they-ACC kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed them'

#46 3d pl Acc
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
towke titte kudedem
towke titte kude-m
dog.NOM they.NOM kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed them'

# Dat

#47 2nd Dat
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun
met tetin towkelek kejteme
met tet-in towke-lek kej-te-me
I.NOM you-DAT dog-PRED give-FUT-OF.1SG
'I will give you a dog'

#48 3d Dat
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, case, aspect
tudelin mol'd'ople ikčīm
tudel-in mol'd'o-pul-gele ik-čī-m
he-DAT mitten-PL-ACC sew-ITER-3SG
'She sewed mittens for him'

#50 1st pl Dat
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, case, aspect
mitin mol'd'ople ikčīm
mit-in mol'd'o-pul-gele ik-čī-m
we-DAT mitten-PL-ACC sew-ITER-3SG
'She sewed mittens for us'

#51 1st pl Dat
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
mit mol'd'ople ikčīm
mit mol'd'o-pul-gele ik-čī-m
we.NOM mitten-PL-ACC sew-ITER-3SG
'She sewed mittens for us'

#52 2nd pl Dat
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, case, aspect
titin mol'd'ople ikčīm
tit-in mol'd'o-pul-gele ik-čī-m
you.PL-DAT mitten-PL-ACC sew-ITER-3SG
'She sewed mittens for you'

#53 2nd pl Dat
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
titek mol'd'ople ikčīm
tit-ek mol'd'o-pul-gele ik-čī-m
you.PL-PRED mitten-PL-ACC sew-ITER-3SG
'She sewed mittens for you'

#54 3d pl Dat
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pronoun, case, aspect
tittelin mol'd'ople ikčīm
titte-in mol'd'o-pul-gele ik-čī-m
they.PL-DAT mitten-PL-ACC sew-ITER-3SG
'She sewed mittens for them'

#55 3d pl Dat
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: g
#Phenomena: case
#titte mol'd'ople ikčīm
#titte mol'd'o-pul-gele ik-čī-m
#they.NOM mitten-PL-ACC sew-ITER-3SG
#'She sewed their mittens'

#56 3d pl Dat
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: u
#Phenomena: agreement
#titte mol'd'ople ikčīmek
#titte mol'd'o-pul-gele ik-čī-mek
#they.NOM mitten-PL-ACC sew-ITER-2SG
#'She sewed their mittens'

#57 3d pl Dat
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agreement
tittelin mol'd'ople ikčī
titte-in mol'd'o-pul-gele ik-čī
they-DAT mitten-PL-ACC sew-ITER.1SG
'She sewed mittens for them'

#THE REST OF THE NP

#66 Proximate demonstrative ('this, the nearest') example
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: cogst, case, agreement
alme tiŋ towkegele juøm
alme tiŋ towke-gele juø-m
shaman.NOM this dog-ACC see-TR.3SG
'The shaman saw this dog'

#67 Proximate demonstrative ('this, the nearest') example
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: cogst, agreement, case
alme tiŋ towkepulgele juøm
alme tiŋ towke-pul-gele juø-m
shaman.NOM this dog-PL-ACC see-TR.3SG
'The shaman saw these dogs'

#68 *Proximate demonstrative ungrammatical (wrong order)
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: cogst
alme towkegele tiŋ juøm
alme towke-gele tiŋ juø-m
shaman.NOM dog-ACC this see-TR.3SG
'The shaman saw this dog' 

# Argument Optionality 

#82 Argument optionality (optional object NP) 
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pro-d, case
metin kejmet
met-in kej-met
I-DAT give-TR.2PL
`You have given me (it)'

#83 Argument optionality
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pro-d, case, agreement
met juø
met juø
I.NOM see.TR.1SG
`I see (something)'

#84 Argument optionality
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pro-d, case
towke juø
towke juø
dog.NOM see.TR.1SG
`(I) see a dog'

#85 Argument optionality
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pro-d
juø
juø
see.TR.1SG
'(I) see (something)'

#86 Argument optionality
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pro-d, info
juøme
juø-me
see-OF.TR.1SG
'(I) see (something)'

#87 Argument optionality
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pro-d, info
ejrel
ejre-l
walk-SF.12PER
'(I/you) came'

#88 Argument optionality (optional subject NP) 
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: pro-d
jedetej
jede-te-j
appear-FUT-INTR.3SG 
'(something in the current context) will appear'

#89 Ungrammatical argument optionality
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pro-d
jedejtel
jede-te-l
appear-FUT-SF 
'(?) will appear'

#90 Ungrammatical argument optionality
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: pro-d, info
met juøteme
met juø-te-me
I.NOM see-FUT-TR.OF 
'I will see (something)'

#91 *noun-nom indef noun-acc tr-verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case, agreement, definiteness
alme towkegele juøm
alme towke-gele juø-m
shaman.NOM dog-ACC see-TR.3SG
'The shaman saw a dog'

#92 *noun-pred noun-nom tr-verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
almelek towke juøm
alme-lek towke juø-m
shaman-PRED dog.NOM see.TR-3SG
'The shaman saw a dog'

#94 *noun-nom noun-acc tr-verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case, pronoun, agreement
met towkegele juø
met towke-gele juø
I.NOM dog-ACC see.TR.1SG
'I saw a dog'

#95 *noun-acc noun-nom tr-verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case, agreement
metul towke juø
met-ul towke juø
I-PronomACC dog.NOM see.TR.1SG
'I saw a dog'

#96 *noun-pred noun-nom tr-verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case, agreement
metek towke juø
met-ek towke juø
I-PRED dog.NOM see.TR.1SG
'I saw a dog'

#97 noun-nom noun-instr tr-verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case
tudel towkele kuddem
tudel towke-le kude-m
He.NOM dog-INSTR kill-TR.3RD
'He killed a dog'

#98 *noun-nom noun-acc tr-verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
tudel towkegele kuddem
tudel towke-gele kude-m
He.NOM dog-ACC kill-TR.3RD
'He killed a dog'

#99 *noun-nom noun-pred tr-verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
tudel towkelek kuddem
tudel towke-lek kude-m
He.NOM dog-PRED kill-TR.3RD
'He killed a dog'

#101 *noun-nom noun-dat noun-acc dtr-verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
met tetin towkegele kejteme
met tet-in towke-gele kej-te-me
I.NOM you-DAT dog-ACC give-FUT-OF.1SG
'I will give you a dog'

#102 *noun-nom noun-dat noun-nom dtr-verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case
met tetin towke kejteme
met tet-in towke kej-te-me
I.NOM you-DAT dog.NOM give-FUT-OF.1SG
'I will give you a dog'

#103 noun-nom noun-acc noun-pred dtr-verb; Acc can mark recipient
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case
met tetkele towkelek kejteme
met tet-gele towke-lek kej-te-me
I.NOM you-ACC dog-PRED give-FUT-OF.1SG
'I will give you a dog'

#104 *noun-nom noun-acc noun-acc dtr-verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
met tetkele towkegele kejteme
met tet-gele towke-gele kej-te-me
I.NOM you-ACC dog-ACC give-FUT-OF.1SG
'I will give you a dog'

#105 *noun-nom noun-acc noun-nom dtr-verb
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: case
met tetkele towke kejteme
met tet-gele towke kej-te-me
I.NOM you-ACC dog.NOM give-FUT-OF.1SG
'I will give you a dog'

# TENSE/ASPECT

#106 FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
alme jedetej
alme jede-te-j
shaman.NOM appear-FUT-INTR.3SG 
'The shaman will appear'

#107 FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense
alme jedejte
alme jede-j-te
shaman.NOM appear-INTR.3SG-FUT 
'The shaman will appear'

#108 FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 1SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
met jedeteje
met jede-te-je
I.NOM appear-FUT-INTR.1SG 
'I will appear'

#109 FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 2SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
tet jedetejek
tet jede-te-jek
you.NOM appear-FUT-INTR.2SG 
'you will appear'

#110 FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 1PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
mit jedetej
mit jede-te-j
we.NOM appear-FUT-INTR.1PL 
'We will appear'

#111 FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 2PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
tit jedetejmet
tit jede-te-jemet
you.NOM appear-FUT-INTR.2PL 
'you will appear'

#112 FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 1PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, agreement
mit jedetejl'i
mit jede-te-jel'i
we.NOM appear-FUT-INTR.1PL 
'We will appear'

#113 FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense
alme jedejte
alme jede-je-te
shaman.NOM appear-INTR.3SG-FUT 
'The shaman will appear'

#114 FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
titte jedeŋitej
titte jede-ŋi-te-j
they.NOM appear-3PL-FUT-INTR.3PL 
'they will appear'

#115 *FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agreement
alme jedetejek
alme jede-te-jek
shaman.NOM appear-FUT-INTR.2SG 
'The shaman will appear'

#116 *FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 1SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agreement
met jedetemek
met jede-te-mek
I.NOM appear-FUT-TR.2SG 
'I will appear'

#117 *FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 2SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agreement
tet jedetejl'i
tet jede-te-jel'i
you.NOM appear-FUT-INTR.1PL 
'you will appear'

#118 FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense
alme jadeite
alme jede-je-te
shaman.NOM appear-INTR.3SG-FUT 
'The shaman will appear'

#119 *FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 1PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense
mit jedetej
mit jede-te-j
we.NOM appear-FUT-INTR.3SG 
'We will appear'

#120 *FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 2PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense
tit jedeteje
tit jede-te-je
you.NOM appear-FUT-INTR.1SG 
'you will appear'

#121 *FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense
titte jedeŋitem
titte jede-ŋi-te-m
they.NOM appear-3PL-FUT-TR.3PL 
'they will appear'

# SF

#122 FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, info
almelek jedejtel
alme-lek jede-te-l
shaman-PRED appear-FUT-SF.3SG 
'The shaman will appear'

#123 FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, info
metek jedejtel
met-ek jede-te-l
I-PRED appear-FUT-SF.1SG 
'I will appear'

#124  FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, info
tetek jedejtel
tet-ek jede-te-l
you-PRED appear-FUT-SF2SG 
'you will appear'

#125  FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, info
mitek jedejtel
mit-ek jede-te-l
we-PRED appear-FUT-SF1PL 
'we will appear'

#126  FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, info
titek jedejtel
tit-ek jede-te-l
you-PRED appear-FUT-SF.2PL 
'you will appear'

#127  FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF 3PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
titte jedejŋitel
titte jede-ŋi-te-l
they.NOM appear-3DPL-FUT-SF 
'they will appear'

#128  *FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF 3PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agreement
titteek jedejtel
titte-ek jede-te-l
they-PRED appear-FUT-SF.1SG 
‘they will appear'

#129  *FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense, info
met jedejtel
met jede-te-l
I.NOM appear-FUT-SF 
'I will appear'

#130  *FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense, info
tet jedejtel
tet jede-te-l
you.NOM appear-FUT-SF 
‘you will appear'


#131  *FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, info
tudel jedejtel
tudel jede-te-l
he.NOM appear-FUT-SF 
‘he will appear'


# ASPECTS:

#134 HABITUAL
Source: a:208
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: aspect, agreement
ejrienund'īli
ejre-nun-jel'i
walk-HAB-INTR.1PL
'We used to walk'

#135 HABITUAL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: aspect
ejried'īlinun
ejre-jel'i-nun
walk-INTR.1PL-HAB
'We used to walk'

#136 3d pl Acc ? duplicate
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: case, aspect
towke tittegele kudedem
towke titte-gele kude-m
dog.NOM they-ACC kill-TR.3SG
'the dog killed them'

#137 FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, agreement, case, definiteness
alme towkele juøtem
alme towke-le juø-te-m
shaman.NOM dog-INSTR see-FUT-TR.3SG 
'The shaman will see a dog'

#138 FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN 1SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, case, agreement
met towke juøt
met towke juø-te
I.NOM dog.NOM see.TR.1SG-FUT 
'I will see a dog'

#139 FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN 2SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
tet towke juøtemek
tet towke juø-te-mek
you.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-TR.2SG 
'you will see a dog'

#140 FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN 1PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
mit towke juøtej
mit towke juø-te-j
we.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-TR.1PL 
'We will see a dog'

#141 FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN 2PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense
tit towke juøtemet
tit towke juø-te-met
you.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-TR.2PL 
'you will see a dog'

#142 FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, case, definiteness
titte towkele juøŋitem
titte towke-le juø-ŋi-te-m
they.NOM dog-INSTR see-3PL-FUT-TR.3PL 
'they will see a dog'

#143 *FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agreement
alme towkele juøte
alme towke-le juø-te
shaman.NOM dog-INSTR see.TR.1SG-FUT 
'The shaman will see a dog'

#144 *FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN 1SG / POSESSIVE
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: g
#Phenomena: agreement
#met towke juøtem
#met towke juø-te-m
#I.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-TR3SG 
#'I will see your dog'

#145 *FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN 2SG / POSESSIVE
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: g
#Phenomena: agreement
#tet towke juøtem
#tet towke juø-te-m
#you.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-TR.3SG 
#'you will see your dog'

#146 *FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN 1PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense
mit towke juøtemet
mit towke juø-te-met
we.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-TR.2PL 
'We will see a dog'

#147 *FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN 2PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense
tit towke juøŋitem
tit towke juø-ŋi-te-m
you.NOM dog.NOM see-3PL-FUT-TR.3PL 
'you will see a dog'

#148 *FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: transitivity
titte towkele juøŋitej
titte towke-le juø-ŋi-te-j
they.NOM dog-INSTR see-3PL-FUT-INTR 
'they will see a dog'

# OF

#149 FUT TR INDICAT FIN OF 3SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, info, case, definiteness
alme towkelek juøtemle
alme towke-lek juø-te-mele
shaman.NOM dog-PRED see-FUT-OF.TR3SG 
'The shaman will see a dog'

#150 FUT TR INDICAT FIN OF 1SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense, info, case
met towke juøteme
met towke juø-te-me
I.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-TR.1SG.OF 
'I will see a dog'

#151 FUT TR INDICAT FIN OF 2SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense, info, case
tet towke juøteme
tet towke juø-te-me
you.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-TR.2SG.OF 
'you will see a dog'

#152 FUT TR INDICAT FIN OF 1PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense
mit towke juøtel
mit towke juø-te-l
we.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-OF.1PL 
'We will see a dog'

#153 FUT TR INDICAT FIN OF 2PL — duplicate
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, info, case
tit towke juøtemet
tit towke juø-te-met
you.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-OF.2PL 
'you will see a dog'

#154 FUT TR INDICAT FIN MAIN
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, info, case
titte towkelek juøŋitemle
titte towke-lek juø-ŋi-te-mele
they.NOM dog-PRED see-3PL-FUT-OF.3PL 
'they will see a dog'

#155 FUT TR INDICAT FIN OF 3SG - duplicate
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: tense, info
alme towkelek juøtemle
alme towke-lek juø-te-mele
shaman.NOM dog-PRED see-FUT-OF.TR3SG 
'The shaman will see a dog'

#156 *FUT TR INDICAT FIN OF 1SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense, info
met towke juøtemle
met towke juø-te-mele
I.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-TR.OF.3SG 
'I will see a dog'

#157 *FUT TR INDICAT FIN OF 2SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense, info
tet towke juøteme
tet towke juø-te-me
you.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-OF.TR.2SG 
'you will see a dog'

#158 *FUT TR INDICAT FIN OF 1PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense, info
mit towke juøtel
mit towke juø-te-l
we.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-OF.1PL 
'We will see a dog'

#159 *FUT TR INDICAT FIN OF 2PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense, info
tit towke juøteme
tit towke juø-te-me
you.NOM dog.NOM see-FUT-OF.2SG 
'you will see a dog'

#160 *FUT TR INDICAT FIN OF 3PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: tense, info
titte towkelek juøtemet
titte towke-lek juø-te-met
they.NOM dog-PRED see-FUT-OF.2PL 
'they will see a dog'

#161 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 3SG — duplicate
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
alme jedej
alme jede-j
shaman.NOM appear-INTR.3SG 
'The shaman appears'

#162 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 1SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
met jedeje
met jede-je
I.NOM appear-INTR.1SG 
'I appear'

#163 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 2SG
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
tet jedejek
tet jede-jek
you.NOM appear-INTR.2SG 
'you appear'

#164 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 1PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
mit jedejel'i
mit jede-jel'i
we.NOM appear-INTR.1PL 
'We appear'

#165 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN 2PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
tit jedejemet
tit jede-jemet
you.NOM appear-INTR.2PL 
'you appear'

#166 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
titte jedeŋi
titte jede-ŋi
they.NOM appear-INTR.3PL 
'they appear'

#167 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agreement
titte jedejel'i
titte jede-jel'i
they.NOM appear-INTR.1PL 
'they appear'

#168 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agreement
titte jedejek
titte jede-jek
they.NOM appear-INTR.2SG 
'they appear'

#169 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agreement
titte jedeje
titte jede-je
they.NOM appear-INTR.1SG 
'they appear'

#170 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agreement
tit jedeje
tit jede-je
you.NOM appear-INTR.1SG 
‘you appear'

# SF

#171 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF - dup?
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement, info, case
almelek jedejl
alme-lek jede-l
shaman-PRED appear-SF 
'The shaman appears'

#172 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF - dup?
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement, info, case
metek jedejl
met-ek jede-l
I-PRED appear-SF 
'I appear'

#173 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF - dup?
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement, info, case
tetek jedejl
tet-ek jede-l
you-PRED appear-SF 
'you appear'

#174  NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement, info, case
mitek jedejl
mit-ek jede-l
we-PRED appear-SF 
'we appear'

#175 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement, info, case
titek jedejl
tit-ek jede-l
you-PRED appear-SF 
'you appear'

#176 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF 3PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement, info, case
titte jedejŋil
titte jede-ŋi-l
they.NOM appear-3PL-SF 
'they appear'

#177 *NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF 3PL
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agreement, info, case
titte jedejl
titte jede-l
they.NOM appear-SF 
'they appear'

#178  *NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN SF
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: agreement, info, case
met jedejel
met jede-l
I.NOM appear.1SG-SF 
'I appear'


# Coordination 
#
# NOTE: Yukaghir has a number of coordination structures. 
#       Here we look at two.
# 
#    => The marker -n'e allows you to conjoin exactly two
#       subject or object NPs. This markes the Comitative case
#
#    => Asyndeton: Multiple NPs can just follow each other
#                  without any conjunction marker if they are 
#                  in the same case.
#
#  The grammar matrix does not account for this type of coordination,
#  so the "coordination" page has been left empty for now (will need
#  to edit the TDL later).
#  See: https://catalyst.uw.edu/gopost/conversation/ebender/836164 

#187 Object NP conjunction with Comitative marker.
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: g
#Phenomena: crd
#alme towkele mol'd'on'e juøm
#alme towke-le mol'd'o-n'e juø-m
#shaman.NOM dog-INSTR mitten-COM see.TR-3SG
#'The shaman saw a dog and a mitten'

#188 *Ungrammatical - more than 2 object NPs. 
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: u
#Phenomena: crd
#alme towkele mol'd'on'e almen'e juøm
#alme towke-le mol'd'o-n'e alme-n'e juø-m
#shaman.NOM dog-INSTR mitten-COM shaman-COM see.TR-3SG
#'The shaman saw a dog and a mitten and a shaman'

#189 Asyndeton with multiple NPs.  
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: g
#Phenomena: crd
#alme towkele mol'd'ole almele juøm
#alme towke-le mol'd'o-le alme-le juø-m
#shaman.NOM dog-INSTR mitten-INSTR shaman-INSTR see-TR.3SG
#'The shaman saw a dog and a mitten and a shaman'

#190 *Ungrammatical - affix on first NP.    
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: u
#Phenomena: crd
#alme mol'd'on'e towkele juøm
#alme mol'd'o-n'e towke-le juø-m
#shaman.NOM mitten-COM dog-INSTR see-TR.3SG
#'The shaman saw a mitten and a dog'


# Non-Verbal Predicates
# 
# 1) Because Yukaghir has a unique manner of addressing adjectives, 
#    having a non-verbial ADJ predicate is similar to the process of building
#    a typical "ADJ".
#
# 2) If we want an NP to serve as a predicate, we need the copula verb ō- (be). 
#
# 3) If we want a PP to serve as a predicate, then we need to use 
#    the existential verb (l'e-) and the "action nominalizer".
#
# LEXICAL ADDITIONS: šoromo (person), ō (be)

#196 Non-verbal predicate "ADJ" example. 
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: g
#Phenomena: AP
#alme omoj
#alme omo-j 
#Shaman.NOM good-INTR.3SG
#'The shaman is good’

#197 Ungrammatical "ADJ" example (forgot tense / person on verb). 
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: u
#Phenomena: AP
#alme omo
#alme omo 
#Shaman.NOM good
#'The shaman is good’

#198 Non-verbal predicate NP example 1.
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: g
#Phenomena: cop, NP
#alme ōd'e
#alme ō-je
#shaman.NOM be-INTR.1SG 
#'I am a shaman'

#199 Non-verbal predicate NP example 2. 
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: g
#Phenomena: cop
#alme elōd'e
#alme el-ō-je
#shaman.NOM NEG-be-INTR.1SG 
#'I am not a shaman'

#200 Ungrammatical non-verbal predicate NP example (wrong order). 
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: u
#Phenomena: cop
#elōd'e alme 
#el-ō-je alme 
#NEG-be-INTR.1SG shaman.NOM 
#'I am not a shaman'

#201 Non-verbal predicate PP
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: cop
alme numøge l'ej
alme numø-ge l'e-j
shaman.NOM house-LOC be-INTR.3SG
'The shaman is in the house'

#202 Ungrammatical non-verbal predicate PP (using ō not l'e verb)
#Source: author
#Vetted: f
#Judgment: u
#Phenomena: cop
#met jōbī ōd'e
#met jōbī ō-je
#I in.forest.LOC be-INTR.1SG
#'I am in the forest'


#205 *Proximate demonstrative ('this, the nearest') example
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: cogst, case, agreement
alme tiŋ towkele juøm
alme tiŋ towke-le juø-m
shaman.NOM this dog-INSTR see-TR.3SG
'The shaman saw this dog'

#210 iterating demonstratives
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: cogst
alme tiŋ tiŋ towkegele juøm
alme tiŋ tiŋ towke-gele juø-m
shaman.NOM this this dog-ACC see-TR.3SG
'The shaman saw this this dog'


#225 2nd Dat
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: dtr
met tet towkelek kejteme
met tet towke-lek kej-teme
I.NOM you.NOM dog-PRED give-FUT.OF.1SG
'I will give you a dog'

#226 2nd Dat
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: u
Phenomena: dtr
alme tet towke-le kejm
alme tet towke-le kej-m
shaman.NOM you.NOM dog-INSTR give-TR.3SG
'The shaman will give you a dog'

#227 "one more sentence" for lab 8 
# (from corpus)
Source: a:407
Vetted: s
Judgment: g
Phenomena: corpus
školage ajī elkičiejīl'i
škola-ge ajī el-kičie-jel'i
school-LOC CP NEG-learn-INTR.1PL
'We did not go to school yet'


#229 New entry for some MT tests. 
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement, drop
towke lej
towke le-j 
dog.NOM eat-INTR.3SG
'The dog eats'

#230 New entry for some MT tests. 
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement, drop
towkepul leŋā
towke-pul le-ŋi-ā
dog.NOM-PL eat-3PL-TR.3PL
'dogs eat'

#231 NON-FUT INTR INDICAT FIN MAIN
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: agreement
towkepul jedeŋi
towke-pul jede-ŋi
dogs.NOM-PL appear-INTR.3PL 
'dogs appear'

#232 Asyndeton with 2 NPs (extra one for lab 9).  
Source: author
Vetted: f
Judgment: g
Phenomena: crd
alme towkele mol'd'ole juøm
alme towke-le mol'd'o-le juø-m
shaman.NOM dog-INSTR mitten-INSTR see-TR.3SG
'The shaman saw a dog and a mitten'