Antibacterial products: a pathobiologist evaluates the need

The number of products labeled “antibacterial” appears to be multiplying on store shelves — from soaps and detergents to child toys and cutting boards. Yet health conscious consumers should take note that such items may be more hype than help.

“People assume that because something is labeled antibacterial it's good,” points out Dr. Marilyn Roberts, professor of pathobiology at the School of Public Health and Community Medicine who conducts research on bacterial resistance. “But these products won't protect against anything in the home that can't already be done by following common-sense measures. In fact, antibacterials may actually end up contributing to the growing problems posed by resistant bacteria.”

Antibacterial products, from cleansing agents to household items, are designed to destroy bacteria. They are indiscriminate, affecting good bacteria that can protect the body against pathogens, as well as harmful bacteria. And Roberts explains that while these products may kill off some weak bacteria, they also allow stronger forms of bacteria to develop and new forms of resistant bacteria to spread as well.

“Microbes will evolve to survive under any conditions, requiring stronger and stronger amounts of agents to effectively kill them,” Roberts notes.

Products labeled “antibacterial” may need to be used in certain ways to work properly. Cleansing agents, for example, may have to be left on surfaces for several minutes to kill bacteria. Roberts advises consumers to be cautious about the effectiveness of antibacterial products and to rely instead on good hygiene.

Antibacterial products are used in hospital settings to avoid spread of bacteria among persons more susceptible to disease. Persons with seriously compromised immune systems might also receive some benefits from use of antibacterial cleansers.

At home, however, standard household cleaning and good hygiene are effective ways to protect against bacteria that may do harm. Washing hands with soap and water; being careful to handle and prepare foods properly; and cleaning surfaces and utensils thoroughly are the best ways to keep harmful bacteria at bay.

“There's no rationale for special antibacterial products to be used in the home,” Roberts says. “Plain soap and water, or even bleach and water if needed, is really the best way to go.”

Additional information on antibacterial products and antibiotic resistance is available in current literature, including the March 1998 issue of Scientific American. ¶

Julie Rathbun