Ph.D. students must exhibit proficiency in a language relevant to their theoretical and /or regional areas of specialization. Students are urged to establish foreign-language competence before entering the Graduate School or as early as possible in their graduate career.

Competency may be demonstrated by successful completion of standardized exams designed for this purpose or by alternative methods recommended by the student's Faculty Advisor or Supervisory Committee.

Competency MUST be established before the General Examination.