Roy Morris (Wos)

Length of interview:  1:19:47
Lillian had a set of questions she worked from.  She often took notes
on the answers she heard and occasionally her writing on the table can
be heard.

Translation by Lillian Morris and Sharon Hargus. Transcription mostly
by Sharon Hargus.

SH: 

1. hëkw
   go ahead
   'go ahead'

2. LM: Interview with Roy Morris Sr. November 16 2007, by Sharon Hargus and Lillian Morris.

3. Roy,yin kakulïts'in'awiditëzit'et wighin'itnïnkinicdïdita'alh.
   worlddifferentit's becomingbecauseshe saysyour languageshe's going to record
   'Roy, she says she is going to record your language because the world is changing.'

4. Nts'ëdiklhinïzïnye?
   whereupyou were raised
   'Where were you raised?'

5. Yin,nts'ëdiklhinïzïnye?Niwhilh-
   youwhereupyou were raised
   'You, where were you raised?'

RM:

Um,

6. C'ikiz.Nïdok'in'aBroman Lakehiwitnï.C'ikiz.
   Broman L.white peoplein their languagethey call itBroman L.
   'C'iggiz. The white people call it Broman L. in their language.'1

LM:

7. C'iggiz. Broman Lake.

RM:

8. 'Etyin k'ëszit1936,March30.
   thereI was born
   'I was born there March 30, 1936.'

LM:

9. Nts'ëc'ika'ëwht'ën'?
   whereyou pl. trapped
   'Where did you trap?'

10. Mbïbilhnisenye?
    whowith himyou went
    'Who did you go with?'

RM:

11. 'Et 'awitlhanïhibilhnisisye.
    thenmany peoplewith themI went
    'I went with a lot of people.'

12. That's a long story.

LM:

13. 'Eyyika'nïnzin.Nts'ëwh-
    itshe wants itwhen
    'She wants it.'

RM:

14. Momwelew silï''46.
    she passed away
    'My mother passed away in 1946.'2

15. I start travelling with my dad.

SH:

16. Yinkadinï'k'in'a
    Witsuwit'enin language
    'in Witsuwit'en'

17. RM: mi'

LM:

18. yicnk'in'a
    youin your language
    'in your language'

RM:

19. bepk'in'a
    dadin language
    'in dad's language'

LM:

20. mi'
    yes
    'yes'

RM:

21. Bepbilhnisye.Momwelew silï'.
    dadwith himI wentshe passed away
    'I went around with my dad. My mom died.'

22. YiwHoncagh'ohnikëzdidekh.
    therearound therewe travelled
    'We travelled to Uncha (L.).'

23. Hotssbepyikhholh'a'.
    theremy dadhousehe erected
    'My dad built a house there in 1929.'

24. 19, he said he built it 1920, 29

25. Logs'oo-building'oonlegh.
    he built
    'He built a log house.'

26. 'Ohyents'inïzye'.
    around therewe all grew up
    'We all grew up there.'

27. Tl'a,'etwekëzdïndeghggittatl'at.
    andtherewe moved fromthereheadwater
    'From there we moved to the (head) end of the lake.'3

28. Tsetsbizuhnekëzdïnïndegh.
    grandfathernear himwe moved
    'We moved next to my grandfather.'4

29. 'Etsbeptie contractuntan.
    theremy dadhe holds
    'There my dad had a tie contract.'

30. 'Eylha'izdigegh1952.
    itwe finished
    'We were finished in 1952.'

31. 'Eyc'olilhwihc'ika'its'it'ahnikNadina River,Matthew Sam.
    itspringtimetoowe're trappingup
    'In the springtime we went trapping too up Nadina River with Matthew Sam.'

32. Buzï'yi'ey,buzï'binewdïzigilnikh.
    his nameithis nameI forgot it
    'I forgot his (chief) name.'

33. Tsetsbuzï'winï.
    grandfatherhis namethere is
    'Grandfather had a (chief) name.'

34. 'EywenekëzdïdeghkwaC'ikiznïnekëzdïndegh.
    itwe moved from there againagainwe moved back and stayed
    'From there we moved back to Broman Lake.'

35. 'Eygwitie businessgwi'eyzihsbepneyïlhcot.
    ititjustmy dadhe took it again
    'My dad went back to the tie business.'

36. Paddie Isaacbilhtsen,'eygginJimmy Morristl'iBïnwa,'enïts'iyewh'et'aat'ah.
    his brotheritthat personandBenwatheyalltherethey're working
    'Paddie Isaac's brother, Jimmy Morris, and Benwa, they were all working there.'5

37. Ts'iyewhyeninïzye''et.
    allthey all grew upthere
    'They all grew up there.'

LM:

38. 'Oh de'nts'ëwhyis k'it?
    back thenwhatyear
    'What year was that?'

39. RM: Uh, '53

40. 'Etts'iyenïhonekëdïdegh'55'awittie contractlha'digegh.
    theneveryonethey moved out againthenit ended
    'Everyone left that area when the tie contract was completed in 1955.'

41. 'Etgwaggïlogsditghitn'eycross-cut sawbïts'idighit.
    thenthatbeing cutitwith itwe're sawing
    'Then when the cutting of logs started with cross-cut saws.'

42. 'Eygwanu'townhiyï c'odikët.
    itupriverthey sell it
    'Those too were sold in Smithers.'

43. 'EygginErnie Painehiyilhnï'enhiybeloggingnlï.
    thatthat personthey call himhimthey for himhe is
    'Ernie Paine was buying the logs.'

44. 'Et 'awit1957Smithersnïnekëdïniszit.
    thenI moved back and stayed
    'I moved back to Smithers in 1957.'

45. 'Et 'awitkwaho'nïst'ën'.
    thenagainI started to work
    'I started working again.'

46. 'Ey'57'ohiy yeghtime'etsawmillggitkwandohhin'its'it'ah.
    thenaround thenthenthereall overwe're working
    'Around 1957 we were working in sawmills all over.'

47. Bobby,Johnny Morris,'enïwihggitEvelynHarold Johnsonbe'its'it'ah.
    theytoothereforwe're working
    'Bobby, Jonny Morris, and myself worked in Evelyn for Harold Johnson (at his sawmill).'

48. Bobby, me, Johnny Morris, Kenny,Kenny'engwagginEddy Johnson'enhotshayeyhtl'iniwhlegh 'it'ah.
    hethat personhetherehe comes upandhe helps us
    'That Eddy Johnson would come up there and help us, Bobby, me, Johnny Morris, Kenny too.'

49. 'Eylha'ts'igegh'etgwigginLory Story,Lory Storyniwhëëlh'a'.
    itwe finishedthenthat personthey hired us
    'When we were finished there, Lory Story's company hired us.'

50. 'Etkwa'etho'iznït'ën'.
    thereagaintherewe started to work
    'We started working there.'

51. 'Eyweekendtownnekëzdidikhtl'idohiylhok ha'ts'it'ah.
    itwe travel backandaround herewe're fishing
    'One weekend we came back here to do some fishing.'

52. 'Eygginelderwighininiwhaanilhtinnts'ën'atahdinï ts'enlï,nïsdïtsha'ëët'ën',nïsdïtshawdïnzit.
    itthat personthey're teaching us about ithowwe livefrom the pastthey did thingsfrom the pastit came
    'The elders were teaching us about how to live our lives from how they survived in the past.'

53. 'Eydetsëhwiyiwtiygraveyardts'in k'itts'i'oondzin,yut,Ts'itëzt'icdetset.
    itjust aheadthereroadcemeteryit is reportedlytherejust down there
    'They mentioned that on Highway 16 just down the hill there used to be a graveyard, (called) Ts'itëzt'ic.'6

54. GgitHac'its'ilhdzïzhiwitnïnebeditiy'et'ohiy yegh'et 'awitnin.
    therethey callroad curvestheretherethereover there
    'There where the road curves it is called Hac'its'ilhdzïz on the (east) side.'7

55. Dïlk'ëni'aabeenle'etdï.
    relativesthey buried themtherethis
    'They buried their relatives there.'

56. Hibik'ëc'aanïlht'agh.
    they built over them
    'They built (gravehouses) over them.'

57. 'EyPeter Alfred,George Naziel'ensilh neewilnic.
    ithethey told me
    'Peter Alfred and George Naziel told me about it.'

58. "Wit'awesnic"hitnï.
    they are not to be touchedthey said
    "'No one is to touch them," they said.'

59. 'Etkwandinïtahchiefnedlekhhiniwiggïtdinï zïcbilhhiniwiggït.
    thenanyonebecomesthey dig uphuman corpsetoothey dig up
    'Whenever there is a new Band Chief, they dig up human bones.'8

60. 'Eyghede'tsin'"deh"disnï.
    itlast yeardown"don't"I say
    'Last fall I said, "don't do that.'

61. "Wosbismokehouseggitwiletikh."
    his smokehousethereon top
    'Chief Wos's smokehouse was on top of the hill.'

62. Midïc,Gisdewe,'enïggithibiyin'ggïGidimt'enyin'nishighwayditsic.
    theytheretheir territorythatterritoryaheadentire
    'That whole area is Gidimt'en land, belonging to Madeek and Gisdewe.'

63. 'Eytay'inDavid Dennisde'inSimuyh.
    itpaternal unclelatejust over there
    'My late uncle David Dennis's chief name was Samoiyh.'

64. Bine'Simuyhïnlï'.
    his mothershe was
    'His mother used to have that name before him.'

65. 'Etk'ayTheresa Taitulïts'in'a'itëst'ën'.
    therenowwrongshe started to do
    'Now Theresa Tait is doing everything wrong there.'

66. Genyikhotiyhon'aDilkw'akhTonde'hiwitnï.
    heredowntrail goes outfrogsat in waterthey call it
    'The trail going down towards the main road is called Dilkw'akh Tonde'.9

67. Ggitk'ayyikh,cafenïonïn'ayhitnï.
    therenowbuildingshe builtthey say
    'She built a restaurant there.'10

68. Tl'i'etSimuyhbiyikhhos'ën'1940,'43.
    andtherehis houseI saw
    'I saw Samoiyh's house there in 1943.'

69. 'Eysi-niwhtso'biyikhts'i'oondzin.
    itour grandmotherher housereportedlyit is
    'That used to be our grandmother's house.'

70. Simuyh,'eybuzï'bini-biwewdïclhyeh,'eyniwhtaybine',sbepbiauntie.
    ithis nameI don't know ititour paternal unclehis mothermy fatherhis
    'Samoiyh, I don't remember her name, my uncle's mother, my father's aunt.'

71. 'EygginPaddie Isaactl'iDavid Dennis'enï'elhikhhaendegh.
    itthat personandtheyone (clan)they came
    'Paddie Isaac and David Dennis came from the same clan.'

72. Unistot'enhah'eendzin.
    they are
    'They are Unistot'en.'

73. Christine Hollandhibine'fourhenlïlhts'akëëdïdeghlhilhtëhts'iyuhizkakPaddie Isaac.
    their motherthey arethey come from same familysisterschildren
    'Christine Holland's mother---there were four of them that had mothers that were sisters.'

74. 'EygginsbepUnistot'enC'ilhts'ëkhyu.
    itthat personmy father
    'My dad was a C'ilhts'ëkhyu from Unistot'en.'

75. 'Eyk'aygginElma'entayuzï'neyïlhcot,Tabegh Nilekh,'eyKeom Morrisbuzï'.
    itnowthat personshepaternal unclenameshe took itithis name
    'Elma Andrew took my uncle's name, Tabegh Nilekh, which had been Keom Morris's chief name.'11

76. 'EySimuyhPaddie Isaacyuntan'.
    ithe held it
    'Paddie Isaac had the Chief Name Samoiyh.'

77. Hibibïtsdik'isbek'iylic'indzin.
    their paternal auntorhis maternal auntmaybeshe is
    'I think she was his paternal or maternal aunt.'

78. 'Eyyuntan'tl'i'et,'etgginniwhtsetstahHouston TommySats'an'enhiyï këdïndegh.
    ithe held itandtherethat personour grandfatherhethey came from him
    'He held (that name), and Houston Tommy, Sats'an, they originated from him.'

79. 'EtgginPaddiewelew silï'Moses,ohYam Coyuntan',ggïuzï.
    thenthat personhe passed awayhe held itthatname
    'When Paddie Isaac passed away, Yam Co had that name.'12

80. LM: Sats'an?

81. RM: No

82. LM: Simuyh?

83. RM: Simuyh.

84. LM: oh

RM:

85. GginJohnny Davidbi'at'enyuntan''et(n)ts'ën'asibedegegh'etyi'ey.
    that personhis wifesheshe held itthenhowI don't knowwhat happenedthenit
    'After Johnny David's wife took it (the name Samuyh) I don't what happened.'

86. Paddie Isaac'en,'enyïlhcot'etwik'ëtl'ats'et 'awitgginDavid Dennisbilhtëhts'iywelew silï'.
    hehe took itthenafter thatthenthat personhis sistershe passed away
    'Paddie Isaac took that name after David Dennis's sister passed away. '

87. 'Et 'awitditsiwyighedïnïn'ay,MosesDavid.
    thenhis nephewhe gave it to him
    'Then he gave it (the name Samuyh) to his nephew Moses David.'

88. Moses Davidyï'ëndzïn'.
    he used it
    'Moses David used it.'

89. 'EySats'an'enwihgginPaddie Isaackwa 'enzih'et lic'igeghgginbik'ëc'enkëzstayPaddieIsaac.
    ithetoothat personhejustwas itit happenedthat personvehicle struck himmy paternal uncle
    'Then Sats'an---my uncle Paddie Isaac---got hit by a car.'

90. 'Etnusdïtshaneydïn'aytl'igendilhtsenyik'its nisiye.
    thenfrom upriverhe brought it (name) back downandherehis brotherhe held a feast for him
    'David Dennis brought Sats'an back down (to Witset) and he held a feast for his brother.13

91. Tl'its'anwih'iyïnlegh.
    andtotem poletoohe build it
    'And he also had a totem pole made.'14

92. Nedïbïshah'indzindikyitsëledïnde.
    common nighthawkit isupit sits on top of it
    'There's a nighthawk sitting on top of the totem pole.'15

LM:

93. Nts'ëwhyis k'itPaddie Isaacwelew silï'?
    whenyearhe died
    'What year did Paddie Isaac pass away?'

RM:

94. 'About 1968'ohlic'oondzin.
    around thenmaybeit is
    'It might have been around 1968.'

95. '68-'67

RM:

96. 'Et 'awitgginDavid Dennis'enggïSats'anneyïlhcot.
    thenthat personhethathe took it
    'Then David Dennis took the name Sats'an (after Paddie Isaac died).'

97. 'Eyk'aygginkwabitsiw'elhikhinuzï.
    itnowthat personagainhis nephewone personname
    'Now it (Sats'an) is his nephew's name again.'

98. 'Eywihdic'a-dic'adïnïnkat,ts'iyewh---Gidimt'en,C'ilhts'ëkhyu,Liksilyu.
    ittoothey got lostall
    'All the names have gotten lost, Gidimt'en, C'ilhts'ëkhyu, Likhsilyu.'

99. Tl'ik'aybalhatswiniwhlh'ën.
    andnowfeastyou pl. look at it
    'Now look at the feast (system).'

100. So'ulïts'in'aggec'iwitëst'ën'.
     reallydifferent wayjustit's started to do
     'It's just becoming different.'

101. Dicwitsëhde''it'ënnïlggïhk'in'ac'ide'1800, 1860'ohiy yeghtimelhaadïlhk'in.
     wellpreviouslyfeastit was conductedlikein the pastaround thencremation
     'Well previously, a long time ago, around 1800 to 1860 when the feasts were conducted there was cremation.'16

102. 1929sbep'itnï'et 'awit'ëstl'ah 'aagegh,lhaadïlhk'in.
     my fathersaysthenthey stoppedcremation
     'My dad told me cremation was stopped in 1929.'

103. 'Ettl'iggitnïdo'iwitnï,nduwitnï,cremated, cremation.
     thatandtherewhite peopleit's calledwhatit's called
     'That's what the white people call it.'

104. 'Ey'anuniwhbe'iweydzin.
     itusfor usit isn't
     'It is not for us.'

105. C'ide'lhaadïlhk'in.
     in the pastthere was cremation
     'They used to practice cremation long ago.'

106. 'EynyedzitAdam Gagnonwit'iyPeter Alfred'etTs'in Tsëlts'ithiwitnï,Adam Gagnonwit'iy.
     itacross therehe livesitthey call ithe lives
     'Across where Adam Gagnon lives according to Peter Alfred it is called Ts'in Tsëlts'it.17

107. Tsandïlhnusdïtshaneedilh.
     widowfrom eastthey come
     'The widows would come home from the east.'

108. Naabaaghïdikiy.
     they pack themtheir husband
     'They packed their husbands' (ashes).'

109. T'ëshibit'ëtsnaayighïnyenhoyeyhtl'icinducowiledekhodïn'a'eyhiyik digheyï'ayh.
     charcoaltheir ashesthey pack itacrossshe goesandjack pinebigon top (of a hill)it standsitthey hang it on branch
     'They packed the ashes and then (after one year is completed) they hung (the ashes) on a big jack pine tree.'

110. 'Et 'awittsandïlhlha'aadit'iyh.
     thenwidowhoodthey are finished
     'Then they have finished (their one year of) widowhood.'

111. Burns Lakets'ink'ibegh'etkwa'elhikhinTs'in Tsëlts'ithiwitnï.
     around cemeterythereagainanother placethey call it
     'At Burns Lake outside the graveyard there is another place called Ts'in Tsëlts'it.'

112. 'EykwaChief Tibit'ensilh newilnic.
     ithehe told me
     'Chief Tibit told me about that.'18

113. 'Eyk'aywiniwhlh'ën.
     itnowyou pl. look at itback there
     'Now look at it.'

114. Nï''aalhaalyïh.
     they bury each other
     'They're burying the bodies back there.'

115. Denïltsictahgginrevivalyenlï'.
     how manythat personthey were
     'So many of our people are going to revival meetings.'19

116. Hibiniwhlh'ën.Ulïts'in'aggec.
     you pl. look at themit's wrongwrong
     'Look at them. It's just wrong.'

117. Niwhtside'nï'etdiweet'el.
     our ancestorsthusthey didn't do
     'Our ancestors didn't do that.'

118. Sïziglïtsëhhiyïlh'iyh.
     Jesus Christfirstthey do to him
     'They put the Lord first.'

119. K'ayyedicskakhibiniwhlh'ën.
     nowadvicechildrenyou pl. look at them
     '(From the) advice kids (are getting) now, look at them.'

120. Lhick'ilhtinilghes.
     dogthey run together like
     'They're running together like dogs.'20

121. Denlogheebaalïh'ohdi'aat'ah.
     his/her own motherthey report themthatthey're doing thus
     'The children report their own mothers.'

122. 'Alha''idiwhnï.
     rightyou pl. are
     'You (pl.) are right.

123. Ulïts'in'aggecwiditëzit.
     wrong waywrongit's changing
     'Everything is changing for the worse.'

124. 'Indzohts'aku---skakhisdlïde',hibiniclh'ën---benhibilehiyuntankotstsan be yikhts'oobaalïh.
     justwomenchildwhen I amin the pastI look at themhis/her mothertheir handsthey hold themthereouthousethey take them to
     'When I was a kid, I used to see the women hold the children's hands and bring them to the outhouse.'

125. Detethibeelh'iyh.
     just outsidethey wait for them
     'They (the mothers) waited for them just outside (the toilet).'

126. K'ayho'ggec.
     nownothing
     'Now, it's different.

127. Ts'albïaltlic'awitdinïnaaniyut.
     bunting bagthey jump outthenguysthey're chasing
     'As soon as they come out of the bunting bag they're chasing boys.'

128. 'Eyso''it'ënwel-bilhhibilhyetidïh'awitpoliceman'etnaaltlikh.
     itreallybusinesswith itwith themtalksthentherethey jump
     'This business is not right. As soon as the mother talks to her daughter the policeman is already there.'

129. 'Ey'anuniwh'it'ënweylïh.
     itweour wayit isn't
     'This is not our way.'

130. Nïsdïtshawdïnzitwits'inwiniclh'ën.
     in the pastit came fromaccording to itI look at it
     'I look at things according to how they were when I was a kid.'

131. K'aywiniwhlh'ëntl'iggïnu'Billy Walterbiyï'dezay.
     nowyou pl. look at itandthatupriverhis sonhe died
     'Now look at Billy Walter's son (when he) passed away.'

132. 'Enwihcremation.Adam Brownwihcremation.
     hetootoo
     'He was cremated. Adam Brown was also cremated.'

133. War veteran'enwihcremation.
     hetoo
     'A war veteran was cremated too.'21

134. So'ulïts'in'aggec'iwitëst'ën'.
     reallyit's differentjustthings started to do
     'Everything has started to be different now.'

135. Balhats'awitbineondinïntnikh.
     feast systemnowit's starting to be forgotten
     'The feast is being forgotten.'

136. Dek'ahiley'etwihwinewdïlhnikh.
     smokemany peoplethattooit's forgotten
     'Many people have forgotten all about the smoke feast.'

137. LM: Roy---

RM:

138. K'aynet---'awitnet winïze wi'ats kwile'yis k'it'et'ohiy yeghwiniclh'ën'et 'awitchangehoonïnlï'.
     nowtwicethentwenty-fiveyearthenaround thereI look at itthenit started to become
     'I have looked at this for twenty-five years now and it's starting to change.'

139. 'Eydicin tahnï'ts'it'ën'winiclh'ën.
     itin the bushwe workI look at it
     'I look at things when we work out in the bush.'

140. K'ay'iwit'ahkwanewilhtiyh,Novembermonth.
     nowit's doingagainit's raining
     'Now it's raining in November.'

141. October'akw'isto niwhënghen.
     almostwe drowned
     'We just about got drowned in October.'

142. Yistl'itodikzih'it'ah.
     snowandwaterupjustit's doing
     'The snow and rain are just going higher.'

143. Tsin'c'ide'Dick Nazielwik'inewilnicnislhok 'il'ahnï'eywihmbïdihibic'e'honlï.
     downin the pasthe told meoutfishing sitesittoowhotheir belongingsit is
     'Dick Naziel told me that down (in the canyon) the fishing sites out there have owners.'22

144. So'ts'iyewhk'aynasdïtshaalghesnïho'ggecwesunye'aalh'ahdec'ewezdisnï'.
     reallyeveryonenowfrom overthey who are running innothingwith itmoneythey're doingwe're not saying anything
     'Now, anybody goes to the canyon and makes money fishing in someone else's site and we aren't saying anything about it.'

145. Fisheriestabï'aagegh'iltsicsunye'aayilh'ëkh"deh"disnï.Ho'ggec.
     reallythey didso muchmoneythey dodon'tI saynothing
     'Fisheries are making a lot of money and I said, "don't do that." But no.'

146. Weniwhoozïlhts'ay.
     they don't listen to us
     'They don't listen to us.'

147. Tl'ik'islhk'unïnawh'iwhaanetne'enïhibec'ik'ëlhaonlï.
     andinsteadstrangersover therethey move heretheyfor themthere is payment
     'Someone that moves back here is getting paid.'

148. NyedzitPeter Alfredbiyin' k'itwighinisnilhtin.
     across thereon his landhe instructed me
     'Across there Peter Alfred showed me his land.'

149. Tenc'a tiyhoz'ay'etde'ohiy yeghfence'ohhoynïlht'icdik.
     turn-offit istherein the pastaround therearound therehe extended itup there
     'Where the road goes towards the canyon that is where his fence went up.'

150. 'Eyk'ayLikhsilyuts'iyewhneeyïlhcot.
     itnowallthey took it back
     'Now, the Likhsilyu took all that land back.'

151. Gidimt'enyin'nyests'inditsicwih.
     territoryacrossentiretoo
     'All the land across there is Gidimt'en territory.'

152. Dick Naziel,George Nazielsilh neewilnic.
     they told me about it
     'Dick Naziel and George Naziel told me about it.'

153. Francis Alfredhibiyin',Peter Alfred,George Nazielskakhenlïnyenhotsyikhhoozdlï'hitnï.
     their landchildrenthey areacrosstherehousethey hadthey say
     'On Francis Alfred's land, Peter Alfred and George Naziel said that when they were children they had homes across there.'

154. Wekëëdïndegh'awitbi'at yeonlï''etde'nekëëdïnïndegh.
     they moved from therethenthey all got marriedthenin the pastthey moved
     'They came from there and after they got married they moved away.'

155. 'Eyk'aydïtoniwhlh'ënnis lha'ët'elh.
     itnowthisbeverageyou pl. look at itit's getting worse
     'The alcohol is getting worse.'

156. Sizkak'aabidisnï"winuhlh'ën'nisTim Hortonho'ggecwit'ayniwhtan".
     my childrenI told themyou pl. should look at itfuturenothingyou pl. depend on it
     'I told my kids, "you'll see, in the future you will depend on Tim Horton."'

157. Scayc'ide'Tim Hortonhitnï.
     my grandchildrenalreadythey say
     'My grandchildren already say, "Tim Horton."'

158. Ndu sibe'aayilhnï.
     I don't knowthey say
     'I don't what they mean.'

159. Hit'alhnïhiyts'i'eywihhiybe'nïnzin.
     their foodittoothey don't like it
     'The children don't like the food we eat.'

160. Tabïk'ayniwhdisnïnet winïze 'ats kwile'yis k'itulïts'in'aggec.
     reallynowI tell you pl.25yeardifferentdifferent
     'Like I was telling you guys, everything is different from twenty-five years ago.'

161. Hineyhiyka'it'ahc'ide'dicin tah.
     animalthey huntin the pastin the bush
     'They hunted animals in the bush long time ago.'

162. Ghede',two years'awit,tsabika'ist'ah,cinïhbika'ist'ah,ninChapman L.ts'itiy.
     last yearthenbeaverI trapmartenI trapoverroad
     'Two years ago I set traps for beaver and marten around Chapman Lake road.'

163. Ho'ggec.
     nothing
     'There was nothing.'

164. Tsatiydollarhiyilh.
     beaverlargethey with it
     'A large beaver was going for one dollar.'

165. 32 beaversëclhggï'eysëclhggïbï wec'oziskët.
     I killeditI killedI haven't sold
     'I haven't sold the 32 beaver I killed.'

LM:

166. Wedïtiy'silï'?
     it's not expensiveit became
     'The price went down?'

167. RM: yeah.

168. Marten'eywih.
     ittoo
     'Marten too.'

169. Two dollarshiyilh.
     they for it
     'The price for marten was 2 dollars.'

LM:

170. Tl'i'eywihlic'awitwelew honïnlï'?
     andittooyes/no Qthenit's declining
     'Are marten declining in numbers?'

171. RM: No.

172. K'aylhay.
     nowmany
     'There are lots now.'

LM:

173. 'Awitsichiley.
     stillthey are many
     'There are still a lot of them.'

174. RM: Yeah.

175. SH: khït

176. LM: okay

177. Khiyt,diknïnyikhde'so'c'ik'enishozk'itsniwhilh newilnic.
     winterupyou grewin the pastreallymostit's coldyou tell us about it
     'Winter. When you were growing up, tell us about the coldest winter.'

178. Nkinicc'ik'eydita'alh.
     your languageshe's going to record it
     'She is going to record your language.'

179. RM: Oh.

180. Nisc'ika'ts'it'ahk'ayNde' Ditëst'ay,SebolaMt.
     outwe're trappingnowSebola Mt.
     'Oh, we were trapping out on the territory around Sebola Mt.'

181. 98 below zero.

182. LM: (whisper) wow

RM:

183. C'ika'ts'it'ah.
     we're trapping
     'We were trapping.'

184. Yïzlhiybïnits'ikwiz.
     horsewith itwe're driving
     We travelled by horse team.'

185. 98 below zero.

186. Nelhdicdents'iwhlht'ictl'itsë beghniznïsdzïl.
     blanketwe wrapped themandby open firewe stood
     'We wrapped blankets around ourselves and stood by the camp fire.'

187. Seven daysso'nts'ëweztisdïtl.
     nowherewe didn't go
     'For seven days we couldn't go anywhere.'

LM:

188. Nts'ëwhyis k'it?
     whenyear
     'What year was it?'

RM:

1948.

LM:

1948.

RM:

189. Right up until '57wits'in'et 'awit
     untilthen
     'from 1948 until 1957.'

LM:

190. Hozk'its.
     it's cold
     'It was cold.'

191. RM: yeah.

192. '70'et 'awitChristmas time'awitwilikhtahyiswelew.
     thenthensometimessnowthere's none
     'In 1970 at Christmas---sometimes there was no snow.'

193. K'aykwa'oogegh.
     nowagainit happened
     Now it's happening again.'

194. LM: Hmm!

RM:

195. 1978Christmas Eveabout 2 inchesde'nenkat.
     back thenit snowed
     'In 1978 on Christmas Eve it snowed two inches.'

196. Ggïyïzlhiybïnits'idïlhdohiy'49'ohiy yeghtimede'Skeena Crossing'ohniniwhaalhkwizïzlhiy.
     thathorsewith itwe're goingaround herearound thenin the pasttherethey drove ushorse
     'In 1949 they took us by horse team to Skeena Crossing.'

197. Bephotshakeëdïnzit.
     dadtherehe came from
     'My dad came from there.'

198. Sbephibiauntiede'Skeena Crossingts'aakëdïnzit.
     my dadtheir auntiein the pastthey came from
     'My dad's auntie came from down in Skeena Crossing.'

LM:

199. K'aydohwidïzilh'etmbedeondzin?
     nowaround thistimethatfor youhow is it
     'How is it for you nowadays?'

200. Ulïts'in'a'oondzin?
     it's differentit is
     'Is it different?'

RM:

201. K'ayho'ggec.
     nownothing
     'Now there's nothing.'

Oh.

202. Tabïsdzïulïts'in'aggecwidïlts'ilh.
     reallymy heartdifferent no moreweather is going
     'My heart really doesn't believe what is happening with weather.'

203. Nindicin tahnits'idïlhggïto,about 6 inchestobitints'idïlh,dicin tah.
     outin the bushwe gothatwaterwaterwe walk in itin the bush
     'When we go out in the bush, we walk in 6 inches of water.'

204. LM: hmm

RM:

205. Ggïyïnyilhiyilhnï'ey'indzohto'indzohyï 'it'ah.
     thatmosswhitethey call ititjustwaterjustit soaks it
     'Even what they call white moss is soaked in water.'23

206. LM: hmm

RM:

207. Yis'eywih'etdïndzin.
     snowittoothusit is
     'The snow is the same.'

208. Nekicwilhkaykwa'awede'ts'iyewhwelewtl'a,
     it snowsnext dayagainright awayallit's goneand
     'When it snows the next day it's gone right away,'

LM:

209. Sa'on'a'so''etdiwewidzin?
     long agonowthusit isn't
     'It wasn't like that long time ago?'

210. RM: No.

211. Khiyt,oh,abouttenfeetofsnow.'
     winter
     'winter'

212. 1949 about 15 feet of snow.

213. Nde' Ditëst'ay,head of Sebola,ggïts'o'idïlyizdikbidikhakicbiledikhyez'ey.
     Sebola Mt.thatspruceit's that deepupits topit snowsits tiplittleit
     'At Sebola Mt. it (snow) was as deep as a tree, this tall, only the tip of the tree (showing).'

214. Dik--bicink'itsts'iwit'iy,cënk'itlïonlï.
     upits trunkbywe livedsummeronit looked like
     'We lived by this tree, (where) it looked like summer.'

215. Ïzlhiyyikhibehints'iwdilï'tl'i'etyikscenyik'ohc'aa'alh.
     horsedownfor themwe cleared andtheredownunder treearound therethey're eating
     'We used to dig the snow away and the horses would eat (grass) there under the tree.'

216. Yistay.K'ayho'ggec.
     snowthicknownothing
     '(There was) deep snow (then). Now nothing.'

217. 'Awitkwats'iyewhneoc'onïdlit.
     nowagainallit started to melt
     'Now all the snow starts to melts.'

LM:

218. Sa'on'a'tsalhtsëuniwhyïnnetakilhwitsëh?
     long agohigh-bush cranberryyou pl. pickit'll snowbefore
     'Long ago did you pick high-bush cranberries before it snowed?'

RM:

219. Septemberhiyuniyïn,September 20'ohiy yegh.
     they pick themaround then
     'They pick cranberries around September 20.'

220. Ggïnduyilhnï'islik'eyggï,uh,dinïhwih'aayilh('ah).
     thatwhatthey call it(trying to remember)itthatkinnikinniktoothey get
     'They also harvest that---what do they call it---kinnikinnik also.'

LM:

221. Dinïh
     kinnikinnik
     'kinnikinnik'

RM:

222. Tl'iggïyi'eytl'otl'is k'itwih,mï'o.
     andthatitswamptoolow-bush cranberry
     'And low-bush cranberries were also (picked) in the swamp.'

LM:

223. Mï'o!
     low-bush cranberry
     'low-bush cranberries'

RM:

224. 'Ey,'eywihhiyuyïn.
     ittoothey pick it
     'They also picked that.'

225. Yïnyildigheniyilï'.
     mosswhitethey hang them up
     'They hung up white moss.'

226. Khiytskakhiyï'indzin.
     winterchildrenthey use it
     'Children used it in the winter.'

227. Yïnyildigheniyilï'.
     mosswhitethey hung them up
     'They hung up white moss.'

228. Khiytneeyïlhcic.
     winterthey take it back
     'They took it out in the winter.'

229. So'Super-Valu'etts'ooltlikhtl'idiaperweoskët.
     nottherethey run toandthey don't buy
     'They didn't run to Super-Valu and buy diapers.'

230. Swampk'ithoneelghestl'ihotshanec'aalïh.
     onthey run back toandtherethey pick some out
     'They would go back to the swamp and get more moss for diapers.'

LM:

231. Bilikhnï'aatnïggïyïnyilbï'ëndzïn''enïts'inïwilyehitnï.
     some peoplethey saythatmosswhiteit was usedtheythey're wisethey say
     'Some people used to say that when moss was used (for diapers) (children) are wise.'

232. RM: Yes.

LM:

233. Witside''etwihwec'idizïnts'ik?
     previouslythattooyou haven't heard it
     'Did you hear about that too?'

234. RM: Oh, oh yeah.

235. Tabïnïwilyehilhëkh.
     reallyhe's wisethey become
     'They're very wise.'

236. Momso''eyggecyï'iniwholhdzïn'.
     reallyitonlyshe used it on us
     'Mom used only that on us.'

237. Tl'i'eyyi'eyk'idikhSuper-Valutenïnkatwets'is'atlc'ide'194-,right from '45'ohiy yeghtime,Momhinede'.
     anditityetthings which come outsidewe don't eatin the pastaround thatshe's alivein the past
     'We did not eat any food that came from Super-Valu when my mother was still alive, around 1945.'

238. David Dennisdinï deelïh.
     he's holding a feast
     'David Dennis was holding a feast.'

239. Ggïwidzïhtsiy,tl'ilhiyiltsiy,sistsiyso'nduSuper-Valutenïnkatbï'iweedzin.
     thatcariboumeatandgoatmeatbearmeatnothingthings came outthey weren't used
     'Caribou, goat, and bear meat was used, nothing from Super-Valu.'

240. C'izizdinï ze'hibec'ik'ëlhaayïlh'iyh.
     hidechieffor themthey paid
     'Moose hide was given to the (house) chiefs.'

241. Hots'in'a'ëët'ën'.
     that waythey worked
     'That's how they conducted their (feast) business.'

242. K'aydelhts'ilyïhho'ggec.
     nowwe bring each other innothing
     'Now, when we hold feasts, no.'

243. Super-Valutekhëlhc'its'ilhdïlh.
     we pack outside
     'We pack things from Super-Valu.'

244. Lhës'adichiyilht'ës.
     breadthemselvesthey bake it
     'They used to make bread.'

245. Yeast breadyin'so'cook hinlï'enïyeast breaddeelïh.
     floorreallyhe/she cookstheythey bring in
     'Those who cooked good bread brought it to the feast hall.'

246. Nïlhtlishiyilhnï.
     they call it
     'They called it nïlhtlis.'

247. K'ayskakho'ggec.
     nowchildrennothing
     'Nowadays not so with kids.

248. Bannockts'ilht'ësdik hinïlhyetl'iyeghSafewayhotshoneelwis.
     we frythey stick their noses upandtheretherethey run
     'When we fry bannock they stick their noses up and run to Safeway.'

LM:

249. Diknïnyikhde'(n)ts'ën'ato'aadil'ahkhiythozk'itstah?
     upyou're growingin the pasthowwaterthey getwinterit's coldwhen
     'When you were growing up how did they get water in the winter when it was cold?'

RM:

250. So'toniwets'isdlï'.
     notwaterwe didn't haul
     'We didn't haul water.'

251. Khiyt---
     winter
     'winter'

LM:

252. dic'ah
     in the bush
     'in the bush'

RM:

253. Kwindïk'ayhyishiyilhghekhtl'i'ey,sdohhozdlï''etkwayeghniskwink'aayizle.
     fireit's burningsnowthey melt itanditstoveit becamethatagainthereoutfirethey have it on
     'When the camp fire is burning they melt snow for water and when stoves came into use they kept them on the fire (big pots of melting snow).'

254. Yisdïyidzïhtohiyeeyïlïh,'adic.
     snowthey put inwaterthey makethemselves
     'They put snow in and made their own water.'

255. So'Super-Valutoteweesdlic.
     notwaterthey carry out
     'They did not bring water out of Super-Valu.'

256. Tubco,'atskwacanhiyïc'idïnle.
     bigoutsideagainrainthey put them in it
     'They kept a big tub outside too for rain.'24

257. Hiyï tinenc'iggis,cën.
     they did laundry in itsummer
     'They did laundry in them in the summer.'

258. So'toweetisdlic.
     notwaterthey didn't haul
     'They didn't haul water.'

259. Dikneditl'itnï'ey.
     updropsit
     'That's dripping water.'

260. Ts'iyewhniwhkëzdidekhso''elhighinyeghjugïlhdluhweylïh.
     allwe travelnotone persontherecarries on stringisn't
     'Wherever we went not one person carried a jug.'

261. Kwinhidïlhk'ayh'awidïwhkwayisdïnhiyidzeyh.
     firethey buildright awayagainsnowthey put it in
     'They built a fire right away and put snow in (pots).'

262. Tohiyilhghekhlidï'aadil'iyh.
     waterthey melt itteethey make
     'They melt water and make tea.'

263. 'Eywihsiywihsilh 'oot'ën'.
     ittooItooI did
     'I did that too.'

LM:

264. Nts'ëwhyis k'itc'ikwahneyenditinhiyk'inidïlh?
     whenyearriverit freezes overthey walk on it
     'What time of year did the river froze over, so people could walk on it?'

RM:

265. 'About November this time of the year,doh'ohhozilhtime.
     around nowthentime
     'around November'

266. November Septemberc'ide'hozk'its.
     in the pastit's cold
     'September used to be very cold.'

Oh!

267. Toqueconïzdilyetl'i'ohnits'ilghes.
     bigwe wearandtherewe run around
     'We used to wear a toque that time when we ran around.'

LM:

268. Deolk'itsggïtinhiyk'inidïlhlhëkh?
     how cold is itthaticethey walk on itit gets
     'How cold was it when the river froze over so people could walk on it?'

RM:

269. Oh, gee

LM:

270. Hozk'itstabï.
     it's coldreally
     'It was really cold.'

RM:

271. So'winilwis'ey.Novemberso'winilwis.
     reallyit's warmitreallyit's warm
     'It's warm (right now). November is really warm.'

272. (It was) about 40 below zero. 48, 50 below zero

273. Smithersdinïnïnïn'az.
     peoplegathered
     'In Smithers there was a gathering.'

Oh!

274. 80 below zeronis
     out there
     'It was about 80 below zero out there.'

275. Ggïsidewalkdïdut'ënudiltalhnisbik'ints'ilgheskëskwit(bï).
     thatit looks like woodit's crackingout therewe run on themmoccasin(in it)
     'We used to run around on the cracking wooden sidewalk with our moccasins.'

276. So''elhghinyeghpine shoesbïsi'ëzweylïh.
     notone persontherewear itit isn't
     'We used to use moccasins, not store-bought shoes.'

277. Këskwitso''eyggecc'ide'hiy-dinï ze'naayilïh.
     moccasinreallyitjustin the pastchiefthey carry around
     'The chiefs use to carry around only moccasins.'

278. Bet,lhicico bet,lïga bet'oh tah'iyeeyilïh.
     glovebig mittensgloveback thenthey used to make
     'They used to make mittens and gloves back then.'

279. K'ayndu'iwitnïnyennu',unu',ggit,Canadian Tire'ethahNu' Ts'il'a'iwitnï.
     nowwhatit is calledacrossSmithersway uprivertherethereit's called
     'Now what is it called up there, at Canadian Tire, we call it Nu' Ts'il'a.'25

280. 'EyggitSmithers'etkwaWilutin k'it,Yinkadinï'k'in'a.
     ittherethereagainWitsuwit'enin
     'In Witsuwet'en it's called Wilutin k'it.'26

LM:

281. Kwa'idïnïh.
     againsay it
     'Say it again.'

RM:

282. Wilut
     one's scab
     'scab'

LM:

283. Wilut.'AwilhitsWiluthiwilhnï.
     one's scabonlythey call it
     'They just call it Wilut.'

RM:

284. Mi'.Wilut,yin-, yin-, uh, gee.WilutK'it
     yesone's scabplace
     'yes, Wilut, Wilut K'it.'

285. K'isulïts'in'a'isdzin.
     orit's wrongI am
     'Or I'm wrong.'

286. C'ilulh K'ithah'iwidisnï.
     I say
     'It's C'ilulh K'it.'27

287. LM: C'ilulh.

288. RM: Mi'. C'ilulh k'it.

289. LM: C'i-lulh-k'it

RM:

290. 'EykwagginAlfred Josephkwa'itnïhoo',Tsë Cin'wilhnï.
     itagainthat personagainhe saysnohe calls it
     'Alfred Joseph called it Tsë Cin', but that's wrong.'

291. Tsë Cin'isHagwilget'et.Tsëcin'.
     there
     'Hagwilget is called Tsë Cin'.'28

LM:

292. C'ilulh k'it'etnts'ëhoz'ay?
     therewhereit is
     'Where is C'ilulh k'it?'

293. RM: Smithers

294. LM: Oh, Smithers

295. RM: town

296. 'Ohggïts'iyewhggitChicken Creeknets'igguh'et 'awitnu'ditsicso'tl'otl'isggecggitdump pilewits'in,so'tl'otl'isggec.
     therethatalltherewe drive acrossthereupriverentirereallymeadowjustthattoreallymeadowjust
     'There where we drive across Chicken Creek it's all meadow up to the dump pile, just meadow.'

297. Ggïwinïnc'aanilht'aghc'ide',yikhnïïwilïh.
     thatthey pounded into groundin the pasthousethey're putting in
     'They're building houses where they put up posts in the past.'

298. K'aytownïwhyelhde'ggïditsicwilhdiltowntrain'iwhakwis.
     nowyou pl. are walkingin the pastthatentireit shakesit (train) arrives
     'Now when you walk in town, the ground shakes when the train goes by.'

299. 'Et de'ïzlhiyweenilgit.
     back thenhorsethey're scared of it
     'The horses used to be scared of that.'

LM:

300. Gee 19, oh, 80 belowhozlï''oh de'nts'ëwhyis k'it,tinyendiltalh?
     it becameback thenwhatyeariceit's all cracking
     'What year was it 80 below back then with the ice all cracking (from the cold)?'

RM:

301. Oh, right from about '40, early 40s right up until '70,'et 'awitditsiculïts'in'aggecwiditëzit.
     thenentireit's differentjustit started to
     'From the 40s to the 70s, everything just started to change.'

LM:

302. Tindedïltayyelïlh'oh de'?
     icehow thick is itthey areback then
     'How thick was the ice then?'

RM:

303. Francois L. about 6 feet'ohnedïtayh.
     thenit freezes across
     'On Francois Lake it used to freeze across about six feet (thick) that time.'

304. LM: hmm

RM:

305. K'ay'eywihho'ggec.
     nowittoonothing
     'Not any more.'

306. Lhë'nindinildiz.
     acrossit goes back and forth
     'It (ferry) goes back and forth.'29

307. 'Et de'gginDuncan DavidggittinhidighitTasdlïz.
     back thenthat personthereicethey sawLake Kathlyn
     'Duncan David used to cut ice at Lake Kathlyn.'

308. Ggïtinhiydighittl'iwileeyilïhdïthidïlhco.
     thaticethey saw itandthey send it offfourit's big
     'They used to cut up the ice and send it away (to Prince Rupert), about four feet big.'

309. LM: hmm!

RM:

310. Some of them four feet'oh'idïlhtay.
     thenit's thick
     'Some (of the ice) was about four feet thick.'

311. Lake Kathlyn'et de'Tasdlïzhiwitnï.
     back thenit's boiled in waterthey call it
     'Lake Kathlyn was called Tasdlïz.'

312. Tl'iggitkwaStory Stretchbinbe---binlhiledïnle,tabeghtiy.
     andthereagainlakelakethey connect to the end ofshoretrail
     'And along the "Story Stretch" (up to Evelyn) where the lake connects there's a trail along the shore.

313. Tabeghhoolgheskëskwitbï'etwehodzï,tabeghtiy.
     shorethey runmoccasinin itthatfrom itit (place) is namedshoretrail
     'They run by the lake in moccasins on the shore trail, which is how the lake got its name.'

314. 'Eyk'aygginPeter Alfredbibïts'enïdïdikhnïhibiyin',Likhsilyu,MadeleineAlfred.
     itnowthat personhis mother-in-lawtheyclantheir territory
     'That is the territory of Madeleine Alfred's clan, Likhsilyu, Peter Alfred's mother-in-law.'

315. 'Eynu'so''et 'awitggittabeghtiynu'ts'iC'its'izsëlhiwitnïggïhadït'ayyez.
     itupriverreallythenthereshoretrailupriver(We chopped)they call itthatridgelittle
     'Further east on the shore trail is what they call C'its'izsël, that little ridge.'

316. 'EyWosC'olugitnisWidzin Bintëzdlï,Morice L.,'eyC'olugitbiyin',SggilïlhTelkwa.
     itaheadMorice L.outletither territory
     'The outlet of Morice L. is C'olugit's territory and that of Sggilïlh is Telkwa.'

317. 'Ey
     it
     'it'

LM:

318. MbïSggilïlhïnlï'?
     whohe/she was
     'Who used to be Sggilïlh?'

RM:

319. SggilïlhgginGabriel Louie.
     that person
     'Gabriel Louie used to be Sggilïlh.'

320. LM: Oh, Gabriel Louie.

RM:

321. Mi'.
     'yes'
     yes

322. 'Eyk'ayNorbert Dennisyilhdezaytl'iBabineniwhaaydïnt'ay.
     itnowwith ithe diedandthey took it from us
     'Now Norbert Dennis died with it (the chief name), and the Babine took it away from us.'

323. LM: Oh,

324. 'Alhats,dïtswige'hinlï?
     correctlyover hereits ownerit is
     'Does the name rightly belong over here?'

325. RM: Yeah.

326. GendicgginWostl'igginC'olugit,Sggilïlhlhilhtsenyutanïhidlï.
     herewellthat personandthat personbrothersthree peoplethey are
     'Yes, Woos, C'olugit and Sggilïlh were three brothers.'

327. 'Enïhibuzï''en,lhilhtsenyuuzï'.
     theytheir namesitbrothers'name
     'These were their (chief) names, the brothers' names.'

328. Hibitsets'enkwa,C'isishiyilhnï,'enggittabeghggitTasdlïznyests'intrackbegh'et,'enbiyin'.
     their grandfatherhimtoothey called himhethereshorethereL. Kathlynacrossbesidetherehehis land
     'Their grandfather, C'isis, owned the territory across from Lake Kathlyn.'

329. 'EtgginAndybuzï'binewdïzigilnikh--Sk'it'en!
     thatthat personhis nameI forgot it
     'I forgot Andy's chief name--Sk'it'en!'30

330. 'Enkwaunusts'innutdump pilenu'in'a'et,Sk'it'en,'aw'etc'ika'ëët'ën'.
     hefurther eastupriver theretowards uprivertherejusttherethey trapped
     'He trapped further east from the dump pile.'

LM:

331. Andrewmbï?
     who
     'Andrew who?'

332. RM: Andrew George Jr.

333. LM: Oh, Andrew George Jr.

RM:

334. 'Eygginniwhak'iyniwhdilheydïzdleniwh---ggïPeter Alfredtl'a,and George Naziel, Peter Alfredtl'igginSalat,'enïdïuzïniwhdilhaaydïzle'etggin.
     itthat personour maternal auntshe gave us the namesthatandandthat persontheythisnamethey gave us these namesthatthat person
     'Peter Alfred, Sarah Joseph, George Naziel, they passed these chief names on to us.'

335. Ts'ëtiy'adic'iyïnleghC'olugit.
     old ladyherselfshe did it
     'The old lady did it herself.'

336. Darlene GlaimLikhsilyuhah'indzin.
     she is
     'Darlene Glaim is Likhsilyu clan.'

337. 'Eygginhibine'c'ide'yïn'ënJack Josephhibinïlhye.
     itthat persontheir motherin the pastthat personhe raised them
     'And in the past their mother, Jack Joseph raised them.'

338. Ts'akëndes(dïts)haab---naabilï.
     womanfrom downriverhe brought them
     'He brought those women up.'31

339. Kwahotswitsaabïlhtiy'etggints'akëwelew silï''etkwaBechibinïlhye.
     againtherehe brought them heretherethat personwomanshe diedthereagainshe raised them
     'He brought her (Darlene's grandmother Jessie Alec) over (to Witset) and after that woman died Bec (Elizabeth Joseph) raised them.'

340. 'Et 'awithinïzye'et 'awithibikiytl'ihibi'atwihhozdlï'.
     thenthey grew upthentheir husbandsandtheir wivestooit became
     'Then they grew up and all got married.'

341. Bï welewsnenggilhggïC'olugithiyleedïn'ay'asliyez.
     nobody therein front of methatthey chose hima little while
     'I was there when they chose Gordon Hall for C'olugit temporarily.'32

342. Gordon Halldinïwelew,'eyDarlene Glaimggints'ëtiyk'isTsayuts'ëtiyk'is'adicyibosssilï'.
     persondieditthat personold ladyinsteadBeaver clanold ladyinsteadherselfher bossshe became
     'When Gordon Hall died the Tsayu old ladies chose Darlene Glaim to become their boss.'

343. Dinïdeeyikh,k'aydesiwhyeyeghnts'ë tahhawhlhts'ithotsniwhzïcnetatceyh.
     personthey dienowyou pl. dietherewhereyou pl. originatethereyour pl. dead bodiesthey will fall down
     'When a person dies, when you (pl.) are dead, your (pl.) bodies go back to where they originate from.'

344. Hots'in'a'it'ën'indzin.
     that waylawit is
     'That is the (Witsuwit'en) law.'

345. So'bits'akëzdïnzit'awbibossts'olï'wibe 'iwewidzin.
     reallythe clan we came frombutits bosswe areit shouldn't be
     'When we are from a particular clan we cannot boss around the chief name.'

346. 'Eywihkwaulïts'in'aggec'aaytëlh'ën'
     ittooagainwrongjustthey're starting to do
     'Everything is starting to go wrong (in the feast hall).'

347. Gginï'aatnïLikhts'amisyuggïLikhsilyu'enï'aadïgeghAdam Brownts'iwi'aatatceyh'en.
     those peoplethey saythattheythey utteredreportedlythey will buryhe
     'The Likhts'amisyu and Likhsilyu clans decided how to bury Adam Brown.'

348. Hiydïlhk'in'eywihsnenggilh'aatnï.
     cremationittooin front of methey say
     'They decided on cremation right in front of me.'

349. Tl'iggindinïtsin'ïn'ënmbïThomas, Alec Thomas,'enwih'etdigegh.
     andthat personmandown therethat personsomeonehetoothusit happened
     'The same thing happened to Alec Thomas down there (on Beaver Rd.).'

350. So''it'ënweylïh.
     notcultureit isn't
     'That is not the (Witsuwit'en) way.'

351. Family,k'ayLikhsilyuggints'akëso'bosswey'ah.
     nowthat personwomannotit isn't
     'That woman is not the boss.'

352. Tsandïlhbossweylïh.
     widowshe isn't
     'The widow is not the boss.'

353. 'Awittenedeyhhibikiywelew lhëkhwits'akë''enwih'etdit'ah.
     thenshe goes outtheir husbanddiesone's womanshetoothusshe does
     'The woman leaves the house when their husband dies.'33

354. Tsandïlhhilhëkh'et 'awityeghnts'ëtahggindinïhaalts'ichots,hotshibizïchonetceyh.
     widowthey becomethentherewhereverthat personpersonthey come fromtheretheir bodyit goes back
     'When you became a widow, wherever that person came from is where the body goes back to.'

355. K'aygginhibi-'et,'eywihtabïulïts'in'aggec.
     nowthat personthatittooreallyit's differentjust
     'It (widow business) is different nowadays.'

LM:

356. C'ide'tintl'akhlhok ha'ëwht'ën'?
     long time agoiceunderyou pl. fished
     'Long time ago, did you (pl.) go ice-fishing?'

RM:

357. Mi',k'ay'awitsic'eywihbudiclhye,tintl'akhlhok ha'its'it'ah.
     yesnowstillittooI know iticeunderwe're fishing
     'Yes, I still know about ice fishing.'

358. 'Awitlhok ha'ist'iw.
     stillI fish
     'I still fish.'

359. Tintl'akhnic'aaditsiy.
     iceunderthey poke holes
     'They poke holes under the ice.'

360. Six holehin'iwidzin.
     it is
     'There are six holes.'

361. Dïtëtl'akhlhdïz'adïts'in'a,genwih'elhighinsiyïn,gen.
     thisunder waterstands facingthis wayheretooone personstandshere
     'One person stands at each hole, facing this way.'

362. Tanïts'enc'ighinwilï.
     middlehe/shetakes fish out of the net
     'The middle person takes the fish out (from the rope of hooks).'

363. Dïtshooyilïh.
     this waythey take them out
     'They take them out this way.'

364. 'Etkwayegh'elhighinsiyïn,'eyneyilhnïh ts'in.
     thenagainthereone personstandsitright side
     'And one person stands on the right side.'

365. Kwahotsneeyilïh'et 'awitkwadïsts'in'eyhiyghinwilï.
     againtherethey make itthenagainthis sideitthey take it out
     'When this side is finished, (the net) is taken to the next site.'

366. Lhë'nic'ibaayilhdluc.
     acrossthey move it back and forth
     'They move the fish net back and forth.'

367. LM: hmm!

368. RM: about 200 feet net

369. 'Oh'eyhiyghinwilï,tanïts,tinnïneeditsilh,lhok mbïlh.
     around thereitthey take it outin the middleicethey chopfishnet
     'They chop the ice in the middle.'

370. Lhokhiytaayilïhkwayeghhooyilïh.
     fishthey remove itagaintherethey take it out
     'They remove the fish and take it (fishnet) out over there.'

371. 'Et 'awitlhc'asts'in,'indzohlhë'nic'ibaayilhdluc.
     nowfrom both sidesjustacrossthey move it back and forth
     'They just take it back and forth from both sides.'

372. 'Eywihts'iyewhbudiclhye.
     ittooallI know it
     'I know all about that too.'

373. Gguhwihts'iyewhudiclhye.
     deadfalltooallI know
     'I also know all about deadfalls.'

LM:

374. Ndulhok hiyka'it'ah?
     whatthey fish for
     'What kind of fish do go fishing for?'

375. Unislic'aat'ah?
     out on territoryyes/no Qthey do
     'Do they do it out on the territory?'

RM:

376. Dic,Francois L.yi'eybïttl'iyi'ey,ts'entël,lhokhdïndzin.
     wellitcharanditlingwhitefishfor example
     'Well, out at Francois L. (they fished for) char, ling, whitefish, for example.'

377. Dik'ay'etts'iyetsichiyulïwh.
     rainbow troutitallthey catch
     'They caught lots of(??) rainbow trout there.'

378. 'Etwih'et 'awitgginBurns L.wit'en'oondzinBabinenatshaadilh.
     theretoothenthat personpeopleit isfrom overthey go out
     'The Burns Lake people come from Babine Lake.'

379. Nistec'aadïlhye.
     outthey set nets under water
     'They set nets under (the ice in Francois Lake).'

380. GgitTsëleghhiwitnïBabineso'widibïh.
     therethey call itwellfills up
     'They fill it (boat) up nicely at Tsëlegh.'

381. Ggïbïthiyka'it'ahJanuary'ohiy yeghtime,oh!
     itcharthey catchback then
     'January is when they fish for char.'

382. Ggïtoboggandut'ëndik'indzohtsizlhk'idïzkatk'in'anaayilh(kwiz).
     thatit looks likeupjustwoodit piles uplikethey hauled it
     'They hauled wood in the tobboggan, piled high with wood.'

383. So'tabïhozk'its.
     veryreallyit's cold
     'It was very cold.'

384. Ggïlhokhaayitsic'awidïwhyenhitin,hots'in'ahozk'its.
     thatfishthey take them outright awaythey freezethat's howit's cold
     'The fish they took out froze right away, that's how cold it was.'

LM:

385. 'Oh de'nts'ëwhyis k'it?
     back thenwhatyear
     'What year was that?'

386. RM: Uh,

387. Momwelew silï',about '46, '48, '49, '50,'ohiy yiwtime'awitsiclhok ha'its'it'ah.
     she diedaround thenstillwe're fishing
     'Around the time when my mother passed away, 1946-1950, we were still fishing that time.'

LM:

388. K'aydohwidïzilhso'?
     nowaround thistime
     'No one fishes under the ice any more?'

RM:

389. Ho'ggec.
     no
     'No.'

LM:

390. Mbïlhok ha'west'ën'tintl'akh.
     nobodydoesn't fishiceunder
     'Nobody fishes under the ice anymore.'

RM:

391. K'aygginïBabine'enïwih'etdaageghditsicwileedïnic.
     nowthose peopletheytoothusthey doallthey let go of
     'The Babine people too don't do that anymore.'

392. Yi'eyninc'itadilhcën'awezehhayïlhcic.
     itover therethey will runsummeronlythey take out
     'When the salmon run in the summer that is the only fish they get.'

393. GginBïtsiy ConinPinkit L.'oh de'niwh-tobogganbïniditkwiztl'a,ggïhundred poundwilikhtahkwile'sack'eywitsadilgguh,bït,dik'ay,tsentël,'eynasdïtshadilgguh,Christmas time'oondzin ts'in'a,December month.
     that personBabineback thenin itwe du. drive aroundandthatsometimesfiveitwe 2 haul it herecharrainbow troutlingitfrom overwe 2 haul it uphow we did it
     'Bïtsiy Co used to bring a toboggan full of salmon, and we used to bring five sacks of char, rainbow, lingcod in December around Christmas time.'34

394. Bïtsiy Co5 dollarsts'iyïlh'iyhundredpound.
     reportedlyshe used to do
     'Bïtsiy Co used to sell a 100 pound sack for five dollars.'

395. LM: 5 dollars a bag?

396. RM: whole hundred pound, 5 dollars. I get fifty cents, boy I was happy. (for four hours of helping)

LM:

397. Tl'i'oh de'nts'ëwhyis k'ittah'ëwht'iw?
     andback thenwhatyearyou pl. do
     'What year were you (pl.) doing this?'

RM:

398. About '52, '55'ohiy yeghtime.
     around then
     'It was around '52, '55.'

LM:

399. Nts'ëwhdzilhk'ityisulït?
     whenmountainonsnowit's melting
     'When would snow melt on the mountain?'

400. RM: oh...

LM:

401. sa'on'a'
     a long time ago
     'a long time ago'

RM:

402. Oh, June, June'ohiy yegh,and May'ohiy yeghtime'et 'awittabïdzilhk'ityiswelewlhëkh.
     around thenaround thenthenreallymountainonsnowit's goneit becomes
     'Oh, in June or May there would be no snow on the mountain.'

403. Diknï'eyde'bighits'enlï,diggit,C'ilhggic Ntsec.
     2-mile Mt.itin the pastwe watch itup there2-mile Mt.
     'We used to watch 2-mile mountain up there.'

404. Yisulhtalh'et 'awittsin'lhok ha'its'it'ah.
     snowit breaksthendownwe're fishing
     'After the snow melts then we go fishing down in the canyon.'

405. LM: hmm

RM:

406. Dick Naziel'eyhiyghinisnilhtan.
     itthey taught me
     'Dick Naziel (and someone) taught me that.'

407. Tl'i'awilha''aatnï.
     andcorrectthey say
     'And they were right.

408. Nts'ëlhokwitalïlh'etweuudïlhye.
     wherefishwill bethatfrom itthey know
     'They know where the fish will be from that.'

LM:

409. Nts'ëwhyis k'it'oh de'c'olilhtadilbïh?
     whenyearback thenspringtimeit floods
     'What time of year would it flood in the spring back then?'

RM:

410. May and Junetabïtolhaywilhëkh,'ulhcoh.
     reallywaterlotsit becomeseverywhere
     'In May and June there was always high water everywhere.'

411. Todik'it'iyh.C'olït.
     waterupit doesit's melting
     'The water comes up. Snow is melting.'

412. End of June'et 'awittoyikyez'it'iyh.
     thenwaterdownlittleit does
     'At the end of June the water goes down a little bit.'

413. 'Awho'ggec,toniwhtaghenc'olilh.
     justnothingwaterit will kill usspringtime
     'Now we're going to get flooded this spring.'

LM:

414. Nts'ëwhyis k'itt'ighisbit'anwilhëkh,c'olilh?
     whenyearcottonwoodits leavesit becomesspringtime
     'What time of year do the cottonwood leaves come out in the spring?'

415. 'Aghbit'anwilhëkhdik'issa'?
     earlyits leavesit becomesorlate
     'Do they come out early or late?'

RM:

416. May 10'ohiy yeghtime'etc'it'anwilhëkh.
     thenthenleavesit becomes
     'The leaves would come out around May 10.'

417. 'Etde'sbep'itnïoh,ggï'awittsadzikdilcosilï'c'it'anyezhitnïtl'i'ohnaadïlh.
     thenin the pastmy fathersaysthatthenbeaverearit's as big asit becameleaflittlethey sayandaroundthey walk
     'When the little leaves are the size of a beaver ear they say that and walk around.'

418. LM: hmm!

RM:

419. Tsadzik'eydoh 'oh lic'inïlhco,May 10'ohiy yegh.
     beaverearitabout this sizeit's this bigaround then
     'They are about the size of a beaver ear around May 10.'35

LM:

420. K'aydoh widïzilh'etnyinmbedeondzin?
     nowthis timethenyouto youhow is it
     'And how does it seem to you now?'

421. Ulïts'in'a'oondzin?
     differentit is
     'Are things different?'

422. RM: oh, gee, everything.

423. So'ulïts'in'aggec.
     reallydifferentjust
     'Everything is just way different.'

424. K'aytsësde'niwhdisnïnindicintah'its'it-nits'idïlhho'ggec.
     nowthis morningI tell you pl.out therebushinwe're goingno
     'Just now I told you guys that this morning we couldn't go out in the bush.'

425. Toyikbitl'akhyis.
     waterdownunder itsnow
     'Under the water there's snow.'

426. About six inches water'ohbitints'idïlh.
     around therewe're walking in it
     'We were walking around in about 6 inches of water.'

427. Gginïlogger'aatnï'ëstl'ah 'iyeegegh,tots'ësnïlhaysilï'.
     those peoplethey saythey all stoppedwatertoo muchlotsit became
     'The loggers quit because there's too much water out there.'

LM:

428. Tabïnewilhtiyh?
     reallyit's raining
     'It is raining too much?'

429. RM: yeah

430. Dicyinwestinnts'ën'a---
     wellgroundit's not freezinghow
     'The ground is not freezing, how (are we going to do anything)?'

431. C'ide'September, October'awithok'is.
     a long time agothenit's cold
     'A long time ago it used to be cold in September and October.'

432. October'ohiy yeghabout 7 below zero'ohtime,about '52.
     around thenthen
     'Around October 1952 it was about 7 below zero that time. '

433. Niswihtink'it'ohnits'ilghes.
     out theretooiceontherewe run around
     'We used to run on thick ice.'

LM:

434. K'ay 'awitdeltsicyearsyinwestin?
     nowhow manygroundit doesn't freeze
     'How many years has it been since the ground hasn't frozen?'

435. RM: Oh

436. LM: twenty? twenty years?

437. RM: 25 years?

438. LM: 25 years?

439. RM: yeah.

LM:

440. Yinwestin.
     groundit doesn't freeze
     'The ground hasn't frozen.'

RM:

441. Ditsictahweok'its.
     entireit's not cold
     'Nothing is cold.'

442. Minus 2ho'ggecdzutcobïsiclhkittl'i'ohsisde.
     nothingcoatbigI wrap up in itandthereI sit
     'Even when it's minus 2 I sit around wearing a big coat.'

(both laugh)

LM:

443. Diknïnyikhde'c'iyehts'iydeendzïn'?
     upyou're growingwhenbirdhow they were
     'When you were growing up how were the birds?'

444. RM: hmm

LM:

445. K'aylhay---
     nowlots
     'Now there are lots'

LM:

446. Hileylic?
     they are manyyes/no Q
     'Are there many of them?'

447. Hileylicsa'on'a'?
     they are manyyes/no Qa long time ago
     'Were there many of them?

RM:

448. C'ide'ggïdit'ayho'ggec'eywihk'ayso'ggec.
     in the pastthatducknothingittoonownothing
     'Ducks are getting scarce.'

449. 'Eylicnïdo"mallard duck"hiyilhnï.
     itmaybewhite peoplethey call it
     'That's what the white people called mallard ducks.'

LM:

450. Dit'ay,khikh,...
     duckgoose
     'ducks, geese,...'

RM:

451. Khikh,geese'eywihho'ggec'eywih'awityiwh'in.
     gooseittoonothingittoonowscarce
     'Geese are scarce too.'

452. Cënnut'awe---hodilhyeghnu'honedilh.
     summerdownriverthey gotheredownthey go back
     'Geese leave here in the summer to go down south.'

453. Ts'iyewhhiyighen.
     allthey kill them
     'They kill all of them.'

454. Vancouvertaaydïnichitnï.
     they get tired of themthey say
     'They say people get tired of them in Vancouver.'

455. Ts'iyewhhiyighen.
     allthey kill them
     'They kill all of them.'

LM:

456. Dïlh,ts'enco,
     craneswan
     'Cranes, swans,'

457. RM: yeah

LM:

458. dilkw'akh,...
     frog
     'frog'

RM:

459. Nedïlh,nedïlhïco'eywihho'ggechozlï'.
     cranebigittoonothingit became
     'Cranes have become scarce too.'

460. C'ide'yïzlhiydilconïsbep1929,"ggïdïlh,dinïhighenc'ide'."
     in the pasthorsethe ones as big asmy fatherthatcranepeoplethey killin the past
     'Long time ago, in 1929, my dad (said), "the cranes that were the same size as a horse used to kill people.'

461. Yïzlhiydilcots'itl'o k'itnaalh'as.
     horseas big asfieldthey're walking
     'They were the same size as a horse, seen on the field.'

462. Hibide'akw'isbilikhten feetso' 'ilhyez.
     their beakalmostsomeit's long enough
     'Some of their beaks were nearly ten feet long.'

463. Hibighiniyilhkiydinï.
     they poked it through thempeople.
     'They poked it through the people and killed them.'

464. LM: hmm

RM:

465. 'Eyearly '34'et 'awitwelew silï''eykwa.
     itthenit disappearedittoo
     'By early '34 they too had disappeared.'

466. C'ide'dinïhighenk'ayVancouveryeghggecyeghpopcornhiynilhdïlhggïdïlh'eywih.
     in the pastpeoplethey killnowtherejusttherethey feed itthatcraneittoo
     'In the past they killed people and now in Vancouver they feed them popcorn.'

LM:

467. Khiytk'aydoh widïzilh'awhhidïlhts'iy?
     winternowaround this timearound therethey stay
     'Now do they stay through the winter?'

RM:

468. K'aynutwedistinyi'eyTasdlïzdit'ayhiley.
     nowupriverit doesn't freezeitL. Kathlynduckthey are many
     'Now upriver on L. Kathlyn where it doesn't freeze there are lots of ducks.'

469. GginThomas'itnïggitTl'awistl'attabïts'iswanhileyhizdlï'.
     that personhe saysthereveryreportedlyts'envothey are manythey became
     'Thomas says that at Tl'awistl'at there are lots of swans.'36

470. Nu'niweetisdïtlnïhibighint'ënïzïl.
     souththe ones that don't gohe wondered about them
     'He wondered about the ones that don't go south.'

LM:

471. Tl'awistl'at'etnts'ëtah'oondzin?
     therewhereit is
     'Where is Tl'awistl'at?'

RM:

472. Yi'eyJohn Island.
     it
     'It's John Island.'

473. LM: John Island

RM:

474. mi'
     yes
     'yes'

LM:

475. Francois Lake?

RM:

yeah

476. GgitNu Co'etwit'iy'enwih'et'itnï,nïdots'akë'ïde'.
     thereBig Islandthereshe livesshetoothatshe sayswhitewomanlong ago
     'A white woman who lived at Nu Co said the same thing.'

477. Ggïswandedetts'inaalh'as.
     thatts'encoyardthey come to
     'The swans come to her yard.'

478. Hibic'ilh'alh.
     she feeds them
     'She feeds them.'

479. LM: hmm

480. RM: He said everything different. He said, uh

481. GgitOwen Lake'etïde'gginfamily reunionhenlï'awitnilto''ethibitisde.
     thereBïwinïtherelong agothat personthey arethendeerthereit's sitting with them
     'At Owen Lake they were having a family reunion and there was a deer sitting with the group.'

482. Nilto'yezgginskakhiydït'atshiyuntan.
     deerlittlethatchildthey its hornby means ofthey're holding it
     'The children were holding the deer by the horn.'

LM:

483. (whispering) holy!

RM:

484. Doh'ilhco,twopointer.
     thisit's as big as
     'It was this big, a two pointer.'

485. GginRussell Tiljoebizkakhiyilh niwilye.
     that personhis childrenthey're playing with it
     'Russell Tiljoe's grandchildren were playing with it.'

LM:

hmm!

RM:

486. Everything changing.

487. Sis'eywihdic.
     black bearittoo(pause)
     'Black bears are the same.'

LM:

488. Weenïlgithizlï'.
     they're not scaredthey became
     'They've become unafraid.'

RM:

489. K'ayniwhnaatalggït.
     nowthey will go on 4 legs with us
     'Now they will walk with us.'

490. Ggincasde'atnilggït.
     thatgrizzly bearjust over thereit goes
     'Grizzly bears walk to the car just over there.'37

491. Ggïkayizuhnïyeyhtl'a.
     thatcarnear itit walks up toand
     'They approach the car.'

LM:

492. K'ay?
     now
     'nowadays?'

RM:

493. mi'
     yes
     'yes'

LM:

494. Niwhnïniwhzuh?
     you pl.near you pl.
     'At your place?'

RM:

495. Hoo',nin.Babine.
     noBabine
     'No, at Babine.'

496. LM: oh, Babine.

497. Gginïc'ika'it'ahnï'enïts'ihibighideeyeyhtl'a,
     those peopletrapperstheyreportedlythey come to themand
     'The grizzly bear comes to the trappers,'

LM:

498. (whispering) holy!

RM:

499. Hiylec'iditsic'ey'awithonedeyh.
     they feed ititthenit goes away
     'They feed it and then it goes away.'

LM:

500. Hiyu'alhwelew?
     their foodnothing
     'The grizzly bears have nothing to eat?'

501. RM: yeah

LM:

502. C'iyehts'iyts'iyewhwelewhonïnlï'.
     birdallscarceit's getting to be
     'All the birds are getting scarce?'

RM:

yeah

LM:

503. c'iyehts'iy---
     bird
     'bird'

RM:

504. Bluebird'eyk'aythis summernewest'el.
     itnowI didn't see it
     'I didn't see any bluebirds this summer.'

505. Nduhiyilhnï'isdlik.Dildzen---
     whatthey call it(wondering)it's blue
     'Now what do they call them. They're blue.'

LM:

506. Dildzen.
     it's blue
     'They're blue.'

RM:

507. Yinkadinï' k'in'abinewdïzigilnikh.
     in Witsuwit'enI forgot it
     'I forgot its name in Witsuwit'en.'

LM:

508. Buzï'winï?
     its namethere is
     'Does it have a name?'%(Q starts higher than declarative?)

RM:

509. mi'
     yes
     'yes'

510. SH: Dzilh tse'alh?

LM:

511. No,'eybluejay.
     it
     'No, that's "bluejay".'

512. Bluebirdhin'iyilhnï.
     he said it
     'He said bluebird.'

RM:

yeah

LM:

513. Bluebirdhibuzï'winïlhdu?
     their namethere istoo
     'Bluebirds have a name?'

RM:

514. Dick'aybluejaydïn-yeah'eywihYinkadinï' k'in'andu'isdlik.
     wellnowittooin Witsuwit'enanything(wondering)
     'Bluejay too, what is its name in Witsuwit'en?'

LM:

515. Dzilhtse'alh'eyBabinedzilh tse'alhhiyilhnï.
     mountainpillowitthey call it
     'The Babine people call bluejays dzilh tse'alh.'

516. RM: yeah

LM:

517. Witsuwit'ennduhitnï?
     whatthey say
     'What do the Witsuwit'en call them?'

RM:

518. That's what I forgot.

LM:

519. Same thing?

RM:

520. Yeah, same thing.

LM:

521. 'Eywihbuzï'winï.
     ittooits namethere is
     'It has a name too.'

RM:

yeah

LM:

522. Bluejay, bluebird.

RM:

523. Mi'
     yes
     'yes'

LM:

524. Bik'ënïnewenïndzilh?
     you didn't remember it
     'Did you remember it?'

RM:

525. Sënïtanïngen.
     my brainit's old
     'My brain is old.'

LM:

(laughs)

RM:

526. Ts'ëtiyyezhisdlï'.
     old ladylittleI am
     'I'm a little old lady.'38

(laughs)

LM:

527. C'iyehts'iywitside'wesëwh'ën'k'aydohwinï?
     birdpreviouslyyou pl. didn't seenowaround herethere are
     'Are there birds around here that you didn't see before?'

RM:

Yeah.

LM:

No?

RM:

528. Ggïnduhiyilhnï'isdlikprairie chicken'eywihk'ay 'awitwitsandïl.
     thatwhatthey call it(wondering)ittoonowit came
     'Yes, prairie chickens are here now.'

529. Ggï,nduhiyilhnïdicggï,elk'eywih'awitgennïnïlh'az.
     thatwhatthey call itwellthatittoonowherethey came and stayed
     'Elk are coming back here now.'

LM:

elk

RM:

elk.

530. They're up south, just abouthakëdïndegh.
     they come from
     'Elk came from down south somewhere.'

531. K'ayChapman L.natsnets'ëtgguh.
     nowfrom overwe're driving back
     'We were driving back from Chapman Lake.'

532. Saturday we seen eight of them.

LM:

Holy!

533. 'Enhibikac'izidle?
     itthey are protected from hunting
     'Elk are protected from hunting?'

RM:

Yeah.

LM:

Oh.

RM:

534. Hibidic'idïn'ay.
     they're closed for hunting
     'They're closed for hunting.'

LM:

535. Wewilewhoonïnlï'.
     scarceit's starting to get
     'They're becoming scarce.'

RM:

536. No, they're coming in.

LM:

537. Hotshiley?
     therethey are many
     'There are lots of them there?'

RM:

538. GgitTl'o Lïts Yïnlï there'sabout100now.
     thereHungry Hill
     'There at Hungry Hill there's about 100 now.'

LM:

539. `Enïwihhibighic'aadïnletl'imonitorhibeelh'iyh.
     theytoothey tagged themandthey do to them
     'They tagged them and they monitor them.'

540. RM: yeah

541. About 100'ohiy yeghnilh'asggitTl'o Lïts Yïnlï.
     thereherd is walking aroundthereHungry Hill
     'There's a herd of about 100 walking around there at Hungry Hill.'

542. Nduhiwitnïthere,HungryHill.
     whatthey call it
     'What do they call it, Hungry Hill.'

LM:

543. Hungry Hill

544. Hileylhdu'neesdlï'.
     they are manysothey became again
     'Oh, so there's a lot of them again.'

RM:

545. Oh, all over. Vanderhoof they said there are about 300, from Ft. St. James to Vanderhoof.

LM:

hmm

RM:

546. They're coming in.

547. K'ayggïhida'awitwelewsilï'.
     nowthatmoosenowscarceit became
     'Now moose are getting scarce.

548. Moosetiynaalh'ats.
     roadthey used to walk around
     'They used to walk around on the road.'

549. nothing

LM:

hmm

RM:

550. From here to Hazelton you see lots. Nothing now. Burns Lake we used to see about 300.

551. K'ay'eywihho'ggec.
     nowittoonothing
     'Now there is nothing.'

LM:

552. NyenFrancois L.uyents'igginJohn Thomas'atciywits'ahmisdusk'in'atiynghecnaadïlhtëz,moose.
     acrossacrossreportedlythat personhe's buriedatcattlelikeroadbesidethey liehida
     'Across Francois Lake, Isaac Lake where John Thomas was buried there are lots of moose on the side of the roads lying down like cattle.'

553. RM: yeah

LM:

554. Hotsmbïc'ika'iwest'ën'.
     thereno onedoesn't hunt
     'No one hunts them there.'

RM:

555. Gginïn'enThomas'etditnïk'ay'etwihso'ggec,nothing.
     that personthat personthushe saysnowtheretoonothing
     'Thomas K. Morris said there is no more there.'

556. 'Awitts'iyewhho'ggechozdlï'.
     noweverythingnothingit became
     'There's no more anywhere.'

LM:

557. About sevenbitaznïnkwizggitts'in k'itwik'anezdidïlh.
     we drove among themtheregravewe're visiting
     'We were visiting the grave when we drove up to about seven moose laying down.'

558. GginJessiebiyez ts'akësëlhgguh.
     that personher daughteris driving me
     'Jessie's daughter was driving me.

559. Ts'in k'itwik'anezdidïlhhinslahggïmoosehileyhibitaznïnkwiz.
     gravewe're visitingsuddenlythathidathey are manywe drove among them
     'We were visiting the grave and suddenly we drove into lots of moose.'

560. Gginc'ika'it'ahnïts'iyewhwewilew.
     that personhuntersallgone
     'The hunters were all gone.'

561. Hibïts'its'oldeh,disnï.
     we are in need of themI say
     'I said we need hunters up here.'

RM:

yeah

LM:

562. Sa'on'a'cënwidiggï.
     long time agosummerit's dry
     'Long time ago, there used to be a dry spell in the summer.'

563. Yinwidiggï.
     landit's dry
     'It was dry all over the place.'

RM:

564. 'Et 'awitdicc'ide'yinditak'inhitnïde'June'ohiy yegh.
     thenwelleldergroundit'll burn (from the sun)they sayin the pastthen
     'The elders mentioned around June the ground will dry out.'

565. Weenilgit,newewilhticc'ide'.
     they're scaredit doesn't rainin the past
     'They were scared when there was no rain for a long time.'

566. So''inït'iyhde'newilhtiyh.Dïtnic---
     nothardlyin the pastit's rainingthunder
     'Hardly any rain.' %'they used to be scared of that when there was water when lighting hit the ground.'

567. Cënwidïzk'in,weenilgit.
     summerit's burningthey're scared
     'It was pretty scary when summer forest fires started with no rain.'

568. Dïtnicnendiltalh.
     thunderit hits
     'Thunder storms would hit.'

569. Towelew.
     waternone
     'There was no rain.'

LM:

570. 'Oh de'nts'ëwhyis k'it?
     back thenwhatyear
     'What year was that?'

RM:

571. Oh,about '49up until '50, '58'et 'awittabïulïts'in'aggec.
     thenverydifferentjust
     'Up until about 1958 then everything is just different.'

572. Tabïneonïlhtank'ay.
     reallyit's started to rainnow
     'It is raining too much now.'

LM:

573. Sa'on'a'nit'aydendzïn'?
     long time agoberryhow it was
     'How were the berries a long time ago?'

574. Tabïliclhay?
     reallyyes/no Qmany
     'Were there lots?'

RM:

575. Wilikhtahzihnec'init'ayh.
     sometimesjustberries ripen
     'Sometimes the berries just ripen.'

576. K'ay 'awitthree yearsniwhënec'init'ayh.
     nowberries ripen on us
     'For the last three years, we've had lots of berries.'

577. 'Eywihabout every four yearsdigïwelewlhëkh.
     thattoohuckleberryscarceget
     'That too, every four years huckleberries diappear.'

578. Dïdiyis k'itwelewlhëkhhitnï.
     four timesyearscarcegetthey say
     'We were told that the huckleberries disappear every four years.'

579. Tl'iggïgginïggikhyez'enïwih'awitwewilewhozdlï'.
     andthatthoserabbitlittletheytoonowscarceit became
     'And those rabbits disappeared too.'

580. Ggïc'itsityeztiynaalghes'eywihho'ggec.
     thatgrouselittleroadthey runittoonothing
     'The little grouse that run on the road have diappeared too.'

581. K'ay'eywihso'ggec.
     nowittoonothing
     'Now there's nothing.'

582. Nduwelew.
     nothinggone
     'They're gone.'

LM:

583. Nïlhdze'---
     a long time
     'A long time---'

RM:

584. Gginïtsalic'eywihho'ggec.
     thosesquirrelittoonothing
     'Squirrels are diappearing too.'

LM:

RM:

585. C'ide'ggïdikhlhenkwil'eydohyislhaywitalïlh'et de'hiyïwewdïlh'ën.
     eldersthatconeitaround heresnowlotsit'll beback thenthey take it as sign
     'The elders used to say that when they pile the pine cones very high that is a sign there will be deep snow.'

586. Yislhaywitalïlh'etts'idiklhk'eeynïdzïh.
     snowlotsit'll bethenreportedlyhighthey pile them
     'There'll be lots of snow when they pile them high.'

587. 'Eyc'ide'Camelia'enïtsalichibighic'izntidzïh'eybïc'its'okët.
     itin the pastthosesquirrelwe used to steal from themitwe sell them
     'Long time ago, Camelia (Wilson) and I used to sell the pine cones (to Forestry) that we stole from the squirrels.'39

588. Two, three hundred pound one place'ey.
     it
     'We took two or three hundred pounds from one place.'

589. K'ay'eywihho'ggec.
     nowittoonothing
     'Now, we don't see nothing.'

590. Never see nothing.

591. Weasel'eywihho'ggecsilï',nibe.
     nibeittooscarceit becameweasel
     'Weasels are diappearing too.'

592. Kwalhk'iy'eykwacanyonnduhiyilhnï'isdliktëguhts'iy'eywihwelewsilï'.
     againanotheritagaindiyikwhatthey call it(trying to remember)minkittooscarceit became
     'And another---what do they call them, at the canyon---mink are disappearing too.'

Mink.

593. Ggittsin'lhok ha'ts'it'ah,Dick Naziel'itnïggintëguhts'iy'iwhatalh'is.
     thereat canyonwe're fishingsaysthatminkit's coming
     'When we were fishing down at the canyon, Dick Naziel said, "the mink are coming."'

594. K'aynothing.
     now
     'Now there is nothing.'

LM:

hmm

RM:

595. last 25 years never see nothing

LM:

596. Sa'on'a'skakïnlïlhoktabïliclhay?
     long time agochildyou arefishlotsyes/no Qmany
     'When you a kid were there lots of salmon?'

RM:

Oh,

597. C'ide''etts'ats'igguhggïMoricetown'akw'isbik'itlhë'nits'idïlh.
     in the pastthenwe drive overthatWitsëtalmoston itacrosswe walk
     'When we came to Witset, it was like we could walk across (the river) on them there were so many.'

598. Ts'ësnïhotslhay.
     tootherelots
     'There were lots.'

599. GginLouie Tommytoc'ilh'ay.
     that personwaterhe keeps something
     'Louie Tommy had a fish trap.'

600. Gee,nï'gginïts'akulegh 'ineedit'ah.
     backthose peoplewomenthey help themselves
     'The woman helped themselves with it.'40

601. Ggïnduhiyilhnï'isdlik?
     thatwhatthey call it(trying to remember)
     'What do they call it?'

602. Ggïnï'yi'eyk'iytelhts'achiyilhnïncaghdïdut'ën,'adic'iyeeyilïhggï.
     thatbackitbirchbasketbowlthey call itit's bigit looks like woodthemselvesthey make itthat
     'Those birch bark bowls, they call them, big wooden ones, they made those themselves.'

603. K'iyhiyts'aniyilhc'ilgginïts'aku.
     birchthey tear them offthosewomen
     'Those women made (tore) them from birch.'

604. Tubhiyïlh'iy.
     they used it
     'They used it for tub.'

LM:

hmm

RM:

605. Ggï'indzincindudzekh'eyhiyï naaynikiy' tl'a,ggïdzekhhiynïlhwistl'a,so'bighiweta'ist'ën'hiyïlh'iy.
     thatit ispinepitchitthey sewed themandthatpitchthey heat itandnicelywater-proofthey make
     'They sewed them together with gum from a tree, they heat the pitch, and they make them water proof.'

606. Some of them five feet'oh'ilhyiz.
     thatit's as long as
     'Some of them were as long as five feet.'

607. Tubhiyïlh'iy.
     they make it
     'They make tubs (for salmon).'

608. Hiyï tinenc'iggis.
     they wash with them
     'They used them for washing clothes.'

Oh!

609. K'ayho'ggec.
     nownothing
     'Now, it's different.'

610. Super-Value tubtes'ayhtl'ibïsisde.
     I take outandI sit in it
     'I get a (steel) tub from Super-Value when I need it.'

(both laugh)

LM:

611. Hiyïwater-proofc'elh'iy?
     they with itthey use for
     'They use it to water proof?'

RM:

612. yeah, pitch from the jack pine

LM:

613. Tabïlhduc'izu'.
     reallytoonice
     'That's very good.'

614. Bï'iwets'edz(in).
     we don't use it
     'We don't use it.'

RM:

615. Balsam'eykwaggïhiynïnilhtalh.
     ts'o tsinitagainthatthey pop it
     'Yes, pitch from balsam is popped.'

616. Balsamhiynïnc'itsiydïts'in'a,save hiyïlh'iy.
     ts'o tsinthey puncture itthis way'aayudidlï
     'They puncture the balsam (blisters) like this, and save it (for toothache).'

617. 'Eykwaggïk'iyyez'eyhiyïyilhdzekh.
     itagainthatbirchlittleitthey pour it in
     'It too is poured into a little birch (basket).'

618. Ggïbalsam,khiytyohdinïndidelhëkhtahndïhibighu.
     thatts'o tsinwinterwheneverpeopleare hurtgetswhenthistheir teeth
     'That balsam is saved for winter for when people get toothaches.'

619. tl'iggïdïlbïlhhiyilhnïdiksdïts'eywihsavehiyïlh'iy.
     andthatbalsam pitchthey call itfrom aboveittoothey do
     'And they used to save that balsam pitch droppings.'

620. Ggïhibighu,hibighundidelhëkhc'ide'hiyilhtlagh.
     thattheir teethhurtsgetsin the pastthey smear it
     'In the past they smeared it on their teeth when they hurt.'

621. Nïclh'ën''indzohgginïn'enWarner Williamnik'its'it'ah.
     I saw itjustthat personthat personback therewe're working
     'I saw it when Warner William and I were working.'

622. "Aspirinsghenïn'ayh,"silhnï.
     give mehe tells me
     "'Give me aspirin," Warner told me.'

623. "Degegh?"
     what's wrong
     'What's wrong?'

624. "Oh, two daysbilh c'ilts'ilh."
     it aches
     "'(My tooth) has been aching for two days.'

625. Bighubï dïlhgit.
     his toothit's rotten
     'He had a rotten tooth.'

626. Nikggitts'o--- cindu---ts'o tsinhodïn'ahotshodit'az.
     back theretherebalsamit standstherewe went to
     'We walked over to a standing balsam tree.'

627. Dïlbïlhïclhcot.
     balsam pitchI took
     'I took some balsam pitch.'

628. "Ggïnghulhts'ah'enlekh."
     thatyour toothtogethermake it
     'Clamp your teeth together.'

629. Yilhc'ilhggïdïlbïlhncagh.
     he bit itonbalsam pitchbig
     'He bit the big piece of balsam pitch.'

630. Hotsyinewdïlhnikh.
     therehe forgot it
     'He forgot about (his toothache).'

631. Hinsliyez---'et 'awittwo,threeyearsago
     suddenlythen
     'This was about three years ago.'

632. 1994niggit'its'it'ah.
     back therewe're working
     'We were working back there in 1994.'

633. About three years agok'idzehiyghu haayïnggiz.
     finallythey pulled his tooth
     'About three years ago they finally pulled his tooth.'

LM:

hmm!

RM:

634. healed right up

LM:

635. Dïlbïlh'eydzekh?
     itpitch
     'Dïlbïlh is pitch?'

RM:

636. Mi'
     yes
     'yes'

637. balsam pitch.

LM:

638. balsamdzek
     pitch
     'balsam pitch'

RM:

639. mi'
     yes
     'yes'

LM:

640. Ggïndusibe'aayilhnïsa'on'a'Houston Tso'dzekhts'ihiybe hiynïlhwis.
     thatwhatI wonderthey said itlong time agopitchreportedlythey heated it for her
     'Houston Tso' told us that someone gave her heated pitch.'

641. Biyis k'it'etwighiyewetelhdïh.
     her ageitshe didn't talk about it
     'She didn't mention her age.'

642. Dzekhyuhiybe 'aayïnleghskakhinlï.
     pitchmedicinethey made it for herchildshe is
     'They made medicine for her when she was a child.'

RM:

643. Ggïto,tobitayilhdzikh'eykwa,kwa'eyzihmixhiyïlh'iy.
     thatwaterthey pour into itittooitjustthey do
     'That mix water with that (balsam pitch).' %'It is the same thing Balsam mixed with water, kin du dzegh-jack pine pitch tla

644. Ggïcindu,cindudzekhtl'iggïts'o tsinlhtaaydilïhtl'ihiyi-,
     thatpinepitchandthatbalsamthey mix togetherand
     'They mix pine and balsam pitch together'

645. Yi'eysyrupk'in'aggïlidïdik'istonilwishiytay(dilïh)-
     itlikethatteaorwaterwarmthey mix it
     'They mix it with hot tea or hot water and drink it so it's like syrup.'

646. Neeynïlhdzilhhooyizis.
     they warm it upthey drink it
     'They warm it up, and drink it.'

647. KwaAugustinebe'ic'esdlegh'ey.
     againforI made someit
     'I made some of that for Augustine.'41

LM:

648. Kwisyïnï?
     coldfor
     'Is it for colds?'

RM:

649. Mi'
     yes
     'Yes'

650. Pneumonia.K'aydiksdenesdlï'.
     nowupshe's sittingshe became again
     'Pneumonia (too). She's sitting up again now.

651. Cin yuyi'eydevil clubwibe'isdleghtl'iggïts'o tsinbilhbe yizisdle.
     bush medicinethatwhis cofor peopleI madethatthatbalsamtooI kept them for her
     'I made bush medicine out of devil's club and kept it for her.'

LM:

652. 'Eylhtaaydilïh?
     itthey mix together
     'They mix it together?'

RM:

yeah.

653. LM: oh

RM:

654. 'Eydicin hilhtsinbilhtaaydilïh'eyc'ide'yuhiyïlh'iy.
     itmountain ashwith itthey mix ititin the pastmedicinethey make
     'Yes, they used to mix it with mountain ash.'

LM:

655. GgïHouston Tso'yik'inewilnic.
     thatshe talked about it
     'Houston Tso' told (us) about it.'

656. 'Eyhiybe 'aayïnlegh'eyts'i'akw'isone weekts'idïnï'ëtïlhtë'.
     itthey made it for heritreportedlyalmostreportedlyher mindwithoutshe lay
     'After they gave it to her she lay unconscious for about one week.'

657. 'Akw'isyik'ëdezay.
     almostshe died from it
     'She almost died from it.'

658. Lhk'uhiybe 'aayïnlekhnï.
     wrongthey make it for hershe says
     'She said they gave her the wrong thing.'

RM:

659. Ggïyi'ey---
     thatit
     'That---'

LM:

660. Dïnï'ëtïlhtë'ts'iso'bïnïbigheneydïlts'it.
     her mindwithoutshe layreportedlywellher mindit came back to her
     'She lay there unconscious and then she regained consciousness.'

RM:

LM:

661. Nisdic'ahunists'i'aat'ah.
     out on territoryin the bushway out on territoryreportedlythey're doing
     'They were way out on the territory.'

RM:

662. Yeah.Ggïyi'ey'awilhitsggecnewh'awezehbudiclhye,cindutl'iggïts'o tsinbilhtaaydilïh.
     thatitonlyonlytwo kindsonlyI know itpineandthatbalsamwith itthey mix it
     'Yes, I only know only two kinds, pine and balsam mixed with it.'

LM:

663. Nts'ëwhlhoktilwis?
     whenfishit runs
     'When do the salmon run?'

(Roy doesn't answer)

SH (to LM):

664. Tadïtnic.
     it's noisy
     'It's noisy.'42

LM:

665. Nts'ëwhlhoktilwis?
     whenfishit runs
     'When do the salmon run?'

RM:

Ah,

666. C'ide'---k'ay'eywihzeh,k'ay'eywihulïts'in'aggec'itëst'ën'.
     in the pastnowittoojustnowittoowrongjustit's started to do
     'Long time ago--- that too, everything is starting to go the wrong way.'

LM:

667. 'Eywih'awitwelewhonïnlï'.
     ittoonowscarceit started to be
     'That is starting to get scarce too.'

RM:

668. Mi'.May, about May 20tsethots'onïlhdzikh.
     yesdown in canyonwe started fishing
     'Yes. Around May 20 we started fishing.'43

669. LM: gaffing

RM:

670. Mi'.'EtDiknïulhtalhabout May, May 25'ohiy yeghDiknïyisulhtalh.
     yesthere2-mile Mt.ice breaksthen2-mile mt.snowit melts
     'About May 25 the snow melts (in the middle) up there (on Two-mile mountain).'

671. 'Et 'awitlhoklhaywilhëkh.
     thenfishmanyit gets
     'That is when there are lots of fish.'

LM:

672. Lhok'eywihk'aywelewhonïnlï'?
     fishittoonowscarceit started to be
     'The salmon are getting scarce too?'

673. RM: yeah

LM:

674. Ggïs,talok,dedzikh---
     spring salmonsockeyecoho
     'Spring salmon, sockeye, coho---'

RM:

675. K'ayk'idzeso'about '68wits'ink'idziyeso'lhoknewisdlï'so'.
     nowthenuntilthenfishit became again
     'We haven't had a good salmon run since 1968.'

LM:

676. '68wits'in
     until
     'up until '68'

RM:

677. Yeah.So'niwhaanec'ëlgheztl'inikWidzin Binlhokso'newdïstbin.
     reallythey ran on usandup thereMorice L.fishreallyit was full again
     'There was a big run and Morice Lake was full of salmon.'

678. LM: This year?

RM:

yeah

LM:

hmm

RM:

679. Tl'iyeghMaxan L.'eywihlhokbik'ënedïlk'aythisyear.
     andthereTasdleghittoofishfish returned to itnow
     'Yes, there was lots of salmon on Maxan Lake this year.'

680. C'ikwahso'yenewdïzbin,gee,honzuhozdlï'.
     riververythey were all fullit's goodit became
     'It was a very good year, with all the creeks full of salmon.'

681. '68'ohiy yeghtimelhoklhay,how!
     thenfishlotswow
     'In 1968 there were lots of salmon.'

682. C'ide'niwhaatnïc'ide'nï"bik'it lhts'izdïlbegh wewtizïwhdilh"hitnïtl'ik'ay'ohiy yeghwidïzilh.
     in the pastthey tell uselderswe went through ityou won't go through itthey sayandnowthereit's time
     'The elders used to say to us, "you are not going to experience the same things we did," and it's happening now.'

683. Ts'iyetsicyin kaknï'witat'ën'wintawhlh'ëlh.
     everythingworldit will happenyou pl. will see
     'You guys will see, everything is going to happen to you.'

684. C'ide''etdeet'ën'.
     long time agothatthey did
     'A long time ago they did that.'

685. Hibilhyindïnk'in'wih'aagegh.
     with themlandit burnedtoothey experienced
     'They had a bad fire, and everything burned.'

686. 'Eyso'bik'iwets'otasdilhniwhaatnï.
     itnotwe're not going to go through itthey told us
     'We are not going to go through the same thing.'

687. Deywitalïlh.
     starvationthere will be
     'There is going to be hunger.'

688. Yinkadinï'lhaatatghenwih'itat'elh.
     Indigenousthey will kill each othertooit'll do
     'First Nations people are going to kill one another too.'

689. K'ayhots'in'awih'iwitëst'ën',just look at that.
     nowlike thattooit started to happen
     'Now just look, it is happening.'

690. Keyikhlhaatghenmbïdec'ewedisnï'.
     villagethey're killing each otherno oneisn't saying anything
     'People are killing each other in the village and no one is saying nothing.'

LM:

hmm

RM:

691. 'Eyhah'aayilhnï.
     that(focus)they meant it
     'This is what the elders meant.'

692. Yinkadinï'holhaanïtghennuhlh'ën'so'policemandewetast'ën'.
     Indigenousthey started to kill each otheryou pl. will look atnotthey won't do anything
     'You see Indigenous people killing each other and the police won't do anything.'

693. K'isyiwhonlï,honlïtahulïts'in'a'enlegh,k'isyinskookum housetahtanlïlhhitnï.
     orthereanythingifwrongyou didoryouinyou'll bethey say
     'They say even if you didn't do anything wrong you will go to jail.'44

694. Yohdewest'ën''enïzihwihskookum housedebaatsic'oh de'wik'inewilnic.
     therenot doing anythingtheyjusttoothey throw them inback thenthey used to talk about
     'The elders told us they would throw people in jail who were over there not doing anything.'

LM:

695. "Skookumyikh"is jail,ha?
     houseisn't it
     "'Skookum house" is "jail", isn't it?'

RM:

696. Mi'.
     yes
     'Yes.'

LM:

697. Nts'ëwhlhoktsëhtilwis'oh de'sa'on'a'?
     whenfishfirstit runsback thenlong ago
     'When did the first salmon run happen?'

698. K'aywighilhdiyï'oondzin?
     nowdifferentit is
     'Is it different from long time ago?'

699. RM: yeah.

700. C'ide'about 68 oh, May,'ohiy yeghtimelhoklhay.
     in the pastthenfishmany
     'Yes, that time in May there were lots of fish.'

701. K'ayho'ggec.
     nownothing
     'Now there is nothing.'

702. June, August,k'aythis yeark'idze'oh'its'igeghAugust.
     nowfinallytherewe experienced
     'June, August, finally we got some.'

703. August 10'etk'idzetsin'lhokhozdlï'.
     thenfinallycanyonfishit appeared
     'Then around August 10 fish finally appeared down in the canyon.'

704. 'Eywihk'ikhzih'it'ah.
     ittoobackjustit does
     'That's all that came back too.'

LM:

705. This year?

RM:

Yeah.

706. Last year, last year'akw'isSeptember 20th'ohiy yeghk'idzelhokhozdlï'.
     almostthenfinallyfishit appeared
     'Last year (2006) around September 20th, we finally got some salmon.'

LM:

707. Nts'ëwhlhokc'ik'ëtstilwis?
     whenfishsecondit runs
     'When does the second run go through?'

708. 'Awedïwhhonlï?
     right awayit is
     'Is it right away (after the first run)?'

RM:

709. October last run.

710. Steel-tësdlïOctober.
     steelhead
     'Steelhead (in) October.'

LM:

711. Nts'ëwh yis k'itts'ëlkiy'hiley?
     what time of yeareelthey are many
     'What month are there lots of eels?'

RM:

712. About May

713. May 20,'ohiy yeghde'lhay.
     thenin the pastmany
     'There were many around May 20.'

714. K'ay'eywihlast,'eywihk'aynec'osdlï'this yeark'idziye'oh.
     nowittooittoonowthey came backfinallythen
     'Now this year finally they came back.'

LM:

715. This yearnec'osdlï'?
     they came back
     'They came back again this year?'

RM:

716. Mi'
     yes
     'Yes.'

LM:

717. Lhoktidilhhiyghewh witsanedïlh?
     fishit runsthey come back according to it
     'Eels come back with the salmon?'

RM:

Yes.

LM:

RM:

718. Ts'ëlkiy'
     eel
     'eel'

LM:

719. This yearzihnewisdlï'.
     justit reappeared
     'It's just this year that eels came back.'

RM:

Yeah.

LM:

720. Sa' wits'inwewilew.
     for a long timenothing
     'They had been gone for a long time.'

RM:

721. About 25 yearswelewsilï'.
     nothingit became
     'They were gone for about 25 years.'

722. K'ayk'idziye'ohgginskakhiyï nilhnityuttl'i"deh"disnï.
     nowfinallytherethat personchildthey're chasing each other with itandstop itI say
     'The kids were scaring each other with them and I told them not to do that.'

723. Bighiniwewziwhlhyek.
     don't play with it.
     'Don't play with it.'

724. K'ay'enïwihti'aat'ahggïlhokhiyï hotset.Ho'ggec.
     nowtheytoothey dothatfishthey throw them on itno
     'Now they're hitting the fish on (the rocks).'45

725. "Deh"disnï"'etdiwesiwhlh'ën'."
     stop itI saythatdon't do thus
     'I told them not to do it.'

726. Ggïhiyïkayhnistaneeyitsic.
     thatthey dip itoutthey throw them back
     'They dipnet the fish and throw them back in the river.'46

727. C'ide'ndïtnïhiyïkatts'iyewhhiyïlhcic.
     in the pastwhateverthey take itallthey keep it
     'Long time ago whatever was taken out was kept.'

LM:

728. Sishileyhoonïnlï'dik'iswewilew?
     black bearthey are manythey started to beorscarce
     'What do you think about the bears, are there lots of them are they getting scarce too?'

729. 'Etwighidec'enïnzin?
     thatwhat do you think about it
     'What do you think about that?'

RM:

730. Ndu?
     what
     'What?

LM:

731. Sis.
     black bear
     'black bear'

RM:

732. Sis'eywih'etwelewsilï'.
     black bearittoothatscarceit became
     'Black bears are diappearing too.'

LM:

733. Cas.
     grizzly bear
     'grizzly bear'

RM:

734. Cas,'eywih'awitwelewhonïnlï'.
     grizzly bearittoonowscarceit started to be
     'Grizzly bears are getting scarce now too.'

LM:

735. Sistahkhiyt'awhts'iyhnaalh'as?
     black bearduring winteraround thenin the openthey're walking around
     'The bears are still around during the winter?'47

RM:

Yeah.

736. K'ayninyi'eyFridayk'idzetak'iy'etts'ën'ën'.
     nowoveritfinally3therewe saw
     'Last Friday we saw three bears over there.'

LM:

737. Sis'awit'et'aat'ah?
     black bearnowtherethey're doing
     'Bears are still around?'

RM:

Yeah.

738. Hibilhhintaadibin.
     with themthey get flooded out
     'They get flooded out of their dens.'

LM:

739. hmm, too much

RM:

740. Tots'ësnïlhay.
     watertoo muchthere is lots
     'There is too much water.'

LM:

741. too much rain

742. Cas'enïwihlichiley?Dik'is---
     grizzly beartheytoo(yes/no Q)they are manyor
     'Are there still lots of grizzly bears, or (are they getting scarce too)?'

743. RM: yeah.

744. Cas'enïwih'awitwelewsilï'.
     grizzly beartheytoonowscarceit became
     'Yes, they are disappearing too.'

LM:

745. Welewhonïnlï'.
     scarceit started to be
     'They're starting to disappear.'

RM:

746. Nïdots'iyewhhibaaghen.
     white peopleallthey're killing them
     'White people (guide outfitters) are killing them all.'

LM:

747. Nilto'?
     deer
     'Deer?'

RM:

748. Hibïnï---Nilto''eywih,oh,'awitsicc'iwinïtl'a,
     deerittoostillthere is someand
     'Oh, there are still some deer---'

LM:

749. Hida.
     moose
     'moose'

RM:

750. Mi',hida'ey
     yesmooseit
     'yes, moose'

LM:

751. 'Etwelewhonïnlï'.
     thatscarceit started to be
     'It's disappearing.'

RM:

752. 'Ey'awitso'ggec.
     itnownone
     'There are none now.'

LM:

753. C'ide'tabïliclhay?
     in the pastreallyyes/no Qmany
     'There were lots long time ago?'

RM:

Oh,

754. 'Aw k'is nts'ëwhnits'ikwiz.
     whereverwe drive around
     'Wherever we drove (we saw them).'

755. GgitJohn Brown Cr.Sambilh1968Larrywit'iyu'asts'inwenin,Samskaknlïde''oh,'oh de'naabuditsagh.
     thereSkwahwith himhe livesother side ofhillsidechildhe isin the pastthenback thenwe 2 are hunting them
     'In 1968 young Sam (Wilson) and I were hunting them on John Brown Cr. on the hill on the other side of where Larry (Tommy) lives.'48

756. K'ay'eywihho'ggec.
     nowittoonothing
     'They are disappearing too.'

LM:

757. Hidahibiye'wilhëkh?
     moosetheir liceit gets
     'Do moose get lice?'

RM:

758. May, about May 5'ohiy yegh,ggïhibighehaalt---.
     thenthattheir hair
     'Yes, about May 05 their hair---.'

LM:

759. Hatlëkh.
     it's falling out
     'They shed (their hair).'

RM:

760. Mi',hatlëkh.
     yesit's falling out
     'Yes, their hair falls out.'

761. 'Et 'awitggïbiye'winïtl'a,
     thenthattheir licethere isand
     'That's when they get lice---'

762. LM: Oh

RM:

763. 'Eybic'ac'olilhweeyisghenc'ide'c'ika'aat'ah.
     itbecause of itspring timethey don't kill themin the pastthey hunt
     'So in the past they didn't kill moose in the springtime when they went hunting.'

764. Ggïtsa'eyde'hiyi'alh.
     thatbeaveritin the pastthey eat it
     'They ate beaver meat back then.'

765. Hiyka'it'ah.
     they trap them
     'They trapped them.'

766. So'hidayiwhidawets'is-,wets'esc'ec.
     notmoosetheremoosewe don't shoot it
     'We didn't shoot moose then.'

767. T'ak'ëtnenilk'ikh'et,hiyighen.
     autumnthey get fatthenthey kill them
     'In the fall they get fat and that is when they shoot them.'

LM:

768. Wesiy'enwih'awitwewilewhizlï'?
     lynxittoonowscarceit became
     'Lynx are getting scarce too?'

RM:

Yes.

769. Wesiytl'iyi'ey---
     lynxitit
     'Lynx, and that---'

LM:

770. Ggikh
     rabbit
     'rabbit'

RM:

771. Ggikh'eywewilew.
     rabbititscarce
     'Rabbits are scarce.'

772. 'Ugunïlhtsewhwihwewilewhozdlï'.
     porcupinepoortoogoneit became
     'The poor porcupine are all gone too.'

LM:

773. 'Ugunï.
     porcupine
     'porcupine'

RM:

774. Porcupine.

LM:

775. neggizgï
     fox
     'fox'

RM:

776. Neggizgï,very,halht'uumyez.
     foxit's very littlelittle
     'There are very few fox.'

LM:

777. nibe
     weasel
     'weasel'

RM:

778. nibenothing.
     weasel
     'There are no weasels.'

LM:

779. Wewilewhozlï'.
     goneit became
     'They're gone.'

780. Dilkw'akh?
     frog
     'Frogs?'

RM:

781. Dilkw'akh'enlhtsewhwihwewilew.
     frogitpoortooit's scarce
     'Yes, the poor frogs are getting scarce too.'

LM:

782. Gee,hineyts'iyewhwewilewhoonïnlï'?
     animalallscarceit started to be
     'All the animals are disappearing?'

783. RM: Yeah.

784. Tl'ighis'eywihwewilewhozdlï'.
     snakeittooscarceit became
     'Yes, snakes are disappearing too.'

LM:

785. Tl'ighis.Snake.
     snake
     'snake'

786. Cindu dilhghisbighidec'enïnzin?
     pine beetlewhat do you think about it
     'What do you think about the pine beetles?'

RM:

787. Ts'ësnïlhaysilï'.Toomuch.
     too manymanyit became
     'There are too many of them.'

LM:

788. Yin kakhontsiy''ohhoonïlhtsiy.
     worldit's badthereit started to cause
     'They are damaging everything.'

RM:

789. Yeah. All over the world.

790. K'ayyeghTatl'ats'ints'izdïl198 km. pastTatl'a lake.
     nowtherewe've been to
     'Yes, we've been to Takla, 198 km. past Takla L., Stuart.'

791. Stuart'ohiy yeghwih'awit'etdoogeghtl'inin,nduhiwitnï'isdlik?
     theretoonowthusit didandover therewhatthey call it(trying to remember)
     'Beyond Stuart L. the area is affected too.'

792. Fort St. Jameslhits'izkwizninTatl'a, Tatl'ahelicopterbï,holy,ninnïlhdze'.
     we drove throughoverwith itoverfar
     'We went way past Fort St. James, Takla in a helicopter.'

793. 4 hours rideallyin kakditsichaniwhëënlïso''eyggecnothing.
     earthentirethey brought us overreallyitnothing
     'It was a four hour ride, and all over the land there was nothing (but pine beetle damage).'

794. Red timber all over.

795. Dilk'in''indzohnelhdic.
     it's redjustblanket
     'It was like a red blanket.'

796. Nïdots'iwika'aayilh('ah)
     white peoplereportedlythey're trying
     'The white people (forestry workers) are trying (to do something).'

797. "Dïziwhlhk'in"hibidisnï.
     burn itI tell them
     'I told them to burn all the trees.'

LM:

798. Cinïhggïcinduhiytah wi-,hiytah wit'iy.
     martenthatjack pinethey live in it
     'Marten live in the jack pine area.'

RM:

799. 'Eywih'awitho'ggecsilï'.
     ittoonowgoneit became
     'There's no more of that either.'

LM:

800. cinïh
     marten
     'marten'

RM:

801. cinïh,yeah
     marten
     'marten'

802. Ggitnts'ëtahtsayïlhts'italelhggitts'iyewhhiniwinïztsël?
     therewheretrapwe'll setthereallthey logged it out
     'Where are we going to set traps, with all the trees are cut down?'

803. Tl'iggïkwadicin dilhghis'eywihtabï'igegh.
     andthatalsopine beetleittooreallyit became
     'And there are too many pine beetles now.'

LM:

804. So'hok'as'et tizih...
     reallyit's coldthenjust
     'When the weather is cold enough...'

805. RM: yeah

LM:

806. ...hiyk'ë yedlekh.
     they die from it
     '... they (beetles) will die from it.'

807. Tl'ik'ayweok'its.
     andnowit's not cold
     'But it hasn't been that cold.'

808. RM: yeah.

809. K'aynisilh hinïldoh.
     nowthey're multiplying
     'Now they're multiplying.'

810. Oh, more twice every year.

811. One eggsgginnïdoniwhilh newil(nic)oneeggs,almosthalfamillion.
     that personwhite persontold us
     'A (forestry worker) told us when there is only one egg, it will turn into half a million beetles.'

812. LM: holy

RM:

813. Doh 'oolhtsiccodicinhints'ilhtsëlheggs'indzoh.
     this muchbigwoodwe chop it openjust
     'When we chop open this much wood, there's lots of eggs inside.'

814. LM: hmm

RM:

815. Tabï'aghlhaanïlyikh.
     reallyfastthey're multiplying
     'They are multiplying fast.'

LM:

816. Dï'et 'awitts'iyenin.
     thisnowlast
     'This is the last thing.'

817. 'Aw k'is ndubighiyetalhdic.
     anythingyou'll talk about it
     'You can talk about anything.'

818. Dïlast part openhonlï.
     thisit is
     'This last part is open (topic).'

819. 'Aw k'is ndubighiyetalhdic,nkinic(bï).
     anythingyou'll talk about ityour languagein it
     'Talk about anything in your language.'

820. Ge'awitlha'disleghtl'ik'ay'awitndughï---'awk'is nduka'nïnzinwighiyetalhdic.
     herenowI finishedandnownowwhatanythingyou wantyou'll talk about it
     'I'm finished now and you can talk about anything you want.'

821. Ggityi'eynyuzï',tsëhnyuzï'hozlï'.
     thereityour namefirstyour nameit became
     '(How) you first got your name (for example).'

822. RM: Oh,

823. Ggïsa'on'a'about '60, about '65'ohiy yegh.
     thatlong time agothen
     'That was a long time ago, around '60 or '65.'

824. Ggittsëhlimalyas sdidlï'1960.
     therefirstwe 2 got married
     'We got married in 1960.'

825. About '65'ettimeNilïïclhcot.
     thenI took
     'About 1965 I took the chief name Nilï.'

826. Nilïbï'ësdzïn''et'78, '78-'79'ohiy yeghtime'eygginniwhiz'ëdezay.
     I used itthenthenitthat personour maternal unclehe died
     'After I was using Nilï, around 1978-1979 our maternal uncle died.'

827. 'EnkwaSalatkwa'enzihdinï bïtsyeclhdicwileghts'inhots,'ohiy yegh'indzoh'ohiy yeghtl'isaalhtiyThomas George.
     shetootooshejustfeastI talkbecausetherethenjustthenandthey carried me
     'Again Sarah Joseph decided, because I am a good speaker at the feast they led me through this, she and Thomas George.'49

828. 'Etnïwhiy yiwhoent'icnisitwik'isisde.
     thereback therethey're seatedin frontI sat
     'They were all seated at the back, and I was sitting in the front row.'

829. 'AwitThomas George'itnï,"nt'ahk'akë 'idïntnïh"'awit.
     thenhe saidgo aheadsay thank youthen
     'Then Thomas George told me, "go ahead and say thank you."'

830. Liglïzwihyeclhdic.
     churchtooI talk
     'I speak at the church too.'

831. 'Etwileghts'isecond church chiefsaalhtsiy'eywihnewdïlhnikhMoricetown.
     thatbecause ofthey made meittoopeople have forgottenWitsët
     'They made me the second church chief, which has been forgotten in Witset.'

832. Peter Alfred'en'etnïniwhnïlhtiy.
     hetherehe put us
     'Peter Alfred put us there.'

833. GgindilhtsenPat Namox,'enAlfred Mitchellts'iyewhlhineniwhozlenik'its'it'ah.
     that personhis brotherheeverythinghe gathered usup therewe're doing
     'Pat Namox told Alfred Mitchell and I to meet with them in 1994.'

'94

834. LM: 1994

RM:

835. 'Eysecond church chiefsaalhtsiy,about 1994.
     itthey made me
     'They made me the second church chief in 1994.'

836. 'Etdinï ghinlïnï'enïAdam Brown, Alfred Mitchell,mbï'isdlikRoy Michell,mbï'isdlik.
     thatlook after peopletheywho(trying to remember)who(trying to remember)
     'The church chiefs were Adam Brown, Alfred Mitchell, Roy Michell, who else.'

LM:

837. Saldahibeelh'iyh.
     church chiefthey made them
     'They were made church chiefs.'

RM:

838. Mi'.'Enpolicemanhenlï'eyggïKenny,tl'iKenny Morris,Roy Michell,John Dennis,Warner William,'enï.
     yes.hethey areitthatandthey
     'Yes, they were the police, Kenny too, Kenny Morris, Roy Michell, John Dennis, Warner William.'

839. Kwa'etnïne-Pat Namox'etnïneebinïnlï.
     againtheretherehe placed them
     'Pat Namox chose them (to be the new salda).'

840. Tl'iggïlisaldigheneyïlhcis'eywihnisit'awitsiclhcoz.
     andthatcloththey hang it upittooin front (room)nowI keep it
     'I still have it at home in the front room the cloth that they hang up (wrap around themselves).'

841. Sleneeyïlhcoz,church chiefhiyï'indzin,bï hibïwdïl'ën.
     they gave it to mesaldathey use itrecognition cape
     'They gave me the cloth that the church chiefs use.

842. 'Eywihho'ggechiynewdïlhnikh,churchchief.
     ittoonothingthey forgotsalda
     'They forgot the church chief too in our village.'

843. 'Awitsicts'in k'ithibeyeclhdic.
     stillcemeteryfor themI speak
     'I still speak for them at the grave site.'

844. LM: Roy

RM:

845. 'EygginïTsayukwahinslahmeeting'eenleghtl'a,'awitnïoh,"'anuDan Michellniwhbechurch chieftalïlh"hitnï.
     itthose peopleagainsuddenlythey madeandnowthey saywefor ushe'll bethey say
     'All of a sudden the Tsayu held a meeting, and now they're saying, "Dan Michell is going to be our church chief."

846. That's not right.

847. Ts'e'in'iwewidzin,hibidisnï.
     rightit isn'tI tell them
     'That's not right, I told them.'

848. C'ide''elhighinzih.
     in the pastone persononly
     'In the past there was only one church chief.'

849. Skakts'enlïde''ine'dezay.
     childrenwe arein the pastmothershe died
     'When we were kids, my mother died.'

850. Louie Tommynu'hoozdïl,1946.
     upriver therethey went
     'Louie Tommy (and his family?) came to Burns Lake.'

851. 'Ethahbudïgil'iy'.
     thenI learned it
     'I learned about it then.'

852. 'EyMoricetown church chief'awit'iwhanye.
     itnowhe's coming
     'I heard the Moricetown church chief is coming.'

853. Paddie Isaaclhc'itnïyeyhtl'iMoricetown church chief'etnïyilhtiy.
     different placehe goesandthenhe took it over
     'Paddie Isaac stepped aside and let the Moricetown church chief take over.'50

854. 'Eyhots'in'alhaazdïl.
     itthat waythey did business
     'That is how did their business (when there was a death).'

855. GginïBurns Lakechurch chiefteneedilh.
     those peoplesaldathey go outside
     'The Burns Lake church chiefs step aside.'

856. Moricetownchurch chief'enhibeyelhdic.
     Witsëtsaldahimfor themhe talks
     'The Moricetown church chief speaks for them.'

857. Dayï,k'aydayï'eywihbinewdïstnikh.
     chiefnowchiefittooit is forgotten
     'That is all forgotten now.'

858. Tl'i'elhighinniwhghidenïnyelidïyezïnzizwelhaadistnï''eywih.
     andone personinvited ustealittleyou drinkthey don't say to each otherittoo
     'Not one of these new church chiefs invited each other for tea.'

859. not a thing

LM:

860. C'ide'tabï---
     in the pastreally
     'In the past it was really---'

861. RM: oh,

862. Lhighinineedilh.
     they would meet with each other
     'They used to have meetings with one another.'

863. Biscuit'eyde'lhayit---tubbïyidzïlhtl'inislidïbilhhiyiziz.
     itin the pastit fills itandout in front thereteawith itthey drink it
     'They use to fill up a big tub with biscuit, and drink tea with it in the front room.'

864. LM: hmm

RM:

865. Ggitde'atts'ëtiyhot'ën'---mbïhiyilhnï'isdlik---Gozweben.
     therejust over thereold ladywas seenwhothey call her(trying to rememberhis mother
     'And just over there an old lady was seen---what was her name---Gozwe ben.'51

866. "'Anïhdinï,'anïh,"dïnï'.
     comepersoncomeshe said
     'She invited everyone.'

867. "Ninsilhtsen'anïhbidiwhnïh."
     over theremy brothercomeyou pl. say to him
     'She said, "call my brother over."

868. Gginïn'ënLouie Tommy,di'atbilh'en,'awittabïhinïsgen'etdoondzin'atshaen'az.
     that personthat personhis wifetooshenowverythey're oldthusit isoutsidethey went out
     'Louie Tommy and his wife came over.'

869. Tl'iggïtubgginDavid Dennisdi'at,George Nazieldi'at,'ey,gee,hots'in'alhghaadlï.
     andthatthat personhis wifehis wifeitthat waythey looked after each other
     'David Dennis and his wife, George Naziel, his wife, gee, that is how they looked after each other.'

870. K'ayho'ggec.
     nownothing
     'Now, I don't see that anymore.'

871. Skakc'iltiynaalghes'enïwih"deh"disnï.
     childdarnedtrailthey're running aroundtheytoostop itI say
     'Bad kids running around, I tell them too to stop.'

872. Policeman'enïwec'oozïlhts'ayhizdlï'.
     theythey don't listenthey became
     'The policeman don't listen anymore either.'

873. Hibika'izdinïh.
     for themwe say
     'When we call for them (they don't come).'

874. Tiyniskwiz.
     roadI'm driving around
     'I'm driving down the road.'

875. Gasdïne(taclhdzikh)ggints'aku yezsdeghnaalghes.
     I'm going to fill upthat persongirlsin front of methey run around
     'Young girls ran in front of my car as I was going to fill up with gas.'

876. "Deh"disnï.
     stop itI say
     'I told them not to do that.'

877. GginHenry Mitchellbiyï'dik'isbicaynikKatlenhibits'itëziskwiztiyhidïtkiyh.
     that personhis sonorhis grandsonup thereCatherineI drove to themroadcrowd moves
     'I was driving up to Catherine Arsenault's place, and Henry Mitchell's son or grandson (and some other people) were walking all over the road.'

878. Hibi'awhnesggïwhwic'asdeghnaadïlh.
     around themI driveso as not toin front of methey're walking
     'They were walking in front of me, so I wouldn't drive around them.'

879. Hinslahhotsandinïgildiz.
     suddenlyI started to pass them
     'I started to pass them.'

880. Ggïmirrordïts'in'ayidïlhdis.
     thatthis sidehe touched it
     'One of them touched my side mirror.'

881. LM: hmm

RM:

882. 'Eynikdibepyighidenïlggec.
     itup therehis fatherhe ran inside to
     'He ran to his dad.'

883. "Roy Morris tried to run over me,"silhnï.
     he told me
     'He said I was trying to run over him.'

884. LM: hmm

RM:

885. Tl'iggit 'ohpolicewitsasëëlhdzey.
     andfor thatthey confronted me
     'So the police came to see me.'

886. Hibilhtsinïgilc'ëgh.
     at themI got mad
     'I got mad at them (police).'

887. Hibilhswearhonïsdlï'.
     at themI started to be
     'I started to swear at them.'

888. "Nïhots'et.Degeghuzïlhts'ay?"bidisnï.
     sayshe's lyingwhat happenedyou listen to himI tell him
     'I told Henry, "your son is a liar. Why are you listening to him?"'

889. "Yiwtiyhëdilhsdeghhëlwis,sdeghhëlwis.
     thereroadthey're walkingin front of methey're runningin front of methey're running
     "'They were running on the road in front of me.'

890. Welhighenusggïwhts'iwelew.
     couldn'tI stop drivingcouldn't
     'I couldn't get around or stop.'

891. Ggïmirror'adicyidïlhdis'eyts'ik'issiybik'usggïwhsilhnï."
     thatby himselfhe touched ititinsteadII'm driving over himhe told me
     'He bumped into my truck mirror, but he said I was trying to run over him."'

LM:

892. Ggitgas barts'enik.
     therestraight up there
     'Up from the gas bar'

893. RM: yeah

LM:

894. 'Etwinis'aat'ah.
     thatmostthey are
     'They're the worst.'

895. They won't get off the road.

896. Hibiniclhdzilh'etk'idzehaanildïlh.
     I honk at themthenfinallythey turn their heads
     'I honk at them and then finally they turn their heads to look at me.'

897. Young kids, teenagers, they won't get off the road.

898. RM: My mother

LM:

899. K'ay 'awit'etdaat'ah.
     nowthusthey're doing
     'They're doing that now.'

RM:

900. K'aygginïhibiniwhlh'ëncilkë.
     nowthose peopleyou pl. see themteenage boys
     'You see those teenage boys now.'

901. Cilkëc'ide'nawh niwhooteyeyh.
     teenage boysin the pastwe were not allowed to go anywhere
     'In the past when we were teenagers they wouldn't let us go anywhere (by ourselves).'

902. Ts'aku'enïwihtibilh,nawh hibooteyeyh.
     womentheytooalsothey were not allowed to go anywhere alone
     'The girls too were not allowed to go anywhere by themselves.'

903. Hibileontan,ho'ggec.
     their hands were heldnothing
     'They used to hold their hands (when going to the outhouse), (now) nothing.'

904. K'ayts'albïaltlic'awitc'ileontantl'i'ohnaadïlh.
     nowcradleshe jumps outthenshe's holding hands with someoneandaround therethey're going
     'Now, as soon as she jumps out of the cradle she's holding hands with someone and running around.'

LM:

905. 'Awit zih.
     that's all
     'That's all.'

RM:

906. Mi'.
     yes
     'yes'

LM:

okay

SH (to RM):

907. So''idïnï'.
     wellyou spoke
     'You spoke well.'

LM:

908. Nkinictabïcizu'.
     your languageverygood
     'You speak very fluently.'

SH (to LM):

909. Mi',nyinwih.
     yesyoutoo
     'Yes, and so do you.'

LM:

910. Mi',ts'e'inhitisyïh.
     yescorrectI speak
     'Yes, I'm a good speaker too.'

RM:

911. Nu'ts'inïk'in'aweyeclhdic.
     Ft. St. Jameslikein itI speak
     'I also speak the Fort St. James language.'

912. LM: ah!

913. Bik'ineynïntiyh.Bik'ineynïntiyh.
     turn it back on
     'Turn it (recorder) back on.'

914. RM: No, I just going to tell you

915. LM: Oh,

916. So'oondzin.
     that's okay
     'That's okay.'

917. RM: I just going to tell you how I learned that.

918. My auntie they used to go travel to Ootsa Lake, from Ootsa L. to Cheslatta.

919. And then we travel from Cheslatta to Fraser Lake.

920. Stoney Creek talk a little faster, and from Cheslatta to Vanderhoof.

921. 'Ohiy Yegh'et 'awitslowtalk.
     around therethen
     'They talk slow around there.'

922. They talk the same and then you go to Fort St. James, a little faster.

923. We understand but they, little faster again there Ft. St. James.

SH:

924. Hots'in'audïl'iy'.
     that's howyou learned it
     'That is how you learned.'

925. RM: Yeah. Oh, we travelled with a team of horses. I used to ride horse.