Although not always involving exactly the same structure and processes, ETM are prominent in river-dominated estuaries around the world. The scientific literature describes ETM in the Hudson River estuary and Chesapeake Bay, and the Tamar (United Kingdom), Garonde (France) and Weser (Germany) in Europe. We hope that comparison of our CRETM-LMER results from the Columbia River estuary with other estuaries with ETM, even though of different scales and types, will contribute significantly to understanding global variability in estuarine ecosystems and predicting their response to both natural (e.g., climate) change and that caused by man.

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