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Drain Global Research Group

Publications

This page contains our lists of select Publications and Presentations.

Select Publications

Cantera, J. L.; Rashid, A. A.; Lillis, L. M.; Peck, R. B.; Drain, P. K.; Shapiro, A. E.; Wilson, D. P. K.; Pinter, A.; Kawasaki, M.; Moreau, E.; Boyle, D. S. (2023). Isolation and purification of lipoarabinomannan from urine of adults with active TB. int j tuberc lung dis, 27(1), 75-77. doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.22.0372
Drain, Paul K.; Dalmat, Ronit R.; Hao, Linhui; Bemer, Meagan J.; Budiawan, Elvira; Morton, Jennifer F.; Ireton, Renee C.; Hsiang, Tien-Ying; Marfatia, Zarna; Prabhu, Roshni; Woosley, Claire; Gichamo, Adanech; Rechkina, Elena; Hamilton, Daphne; Montaño, Michalina; Cantera, Jason L.; Ball, Alexey S.; Golez, Inah; Smith, Elise;… (2023). Duration of viral infectiousness and correlation with symptoms and diagnostic testing in non-hospitalized adults during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: A longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Clinical Virology, 161, 105420. doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105420
Golden, Allison; Oliveira-Silva, Michelle; Slater, Hannah; Vieira, Alexia Martines; Bansil, Pooja; Gerth-Guyette, Emily; Leader, Brandon T.; Zobrist, Stephanie; Braga Ferreira, Alan Kennedy; Santos de Araujo, Erika Crhistina; de Lucena Cruz, Catherine Duran; Garbin, Eduardo; Bizilj, Greg T.; Carlson, Sean J.; Sagalovsky, Mariana; Pal, Sampa; Gupta, Vin; Wolansky, Leo; Boyle, David S.;… (2023). Antigen concentration, viral load, and test performance for SARS-CoV-2 in multiple specimen types. PLoS ONE, 18(7), e0287814. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287814
Wang, Melody; Violette, Lauren R.; Dorward, Jienchi; Ngobese, Hope; Sookrajh, Yukteshwar; Bulo, Elliot; Quame-Amaglo, Justice; Thomas, Katherine K.; Garrett, Nigel; Drain, Paul K. (2023). Delivery of Community-based Antiretroviral Therapy to Maintain Viral Suppression and Retention in Care in South Africa. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 93(2), 126-133. doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000003176
Hao, Linhui; Hsiang, Tien-Ying; Dalmat, Ronit R.; Ireton, Renee; Morton, Jennifer F.; Stokes, Caleb; Netland, Jason; Hale, Malika; Thouvenel, Chris; Wald, Anna; Franko, Nicholas M.; Huden, Kristen; Chu, Helen Y.; Sigal, Alex; Greninger, Alex L.; Tilles, Sasha; Barrett, Lynn K.; Van Voorhis, Wesley C.; Munt, Jennifer;… (2023). Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Neutralization and Novel mAb Reveal Protection against Omicron. Viruses, 15(2), 530. doi.org/10.3390/v15020530
Tu, Yuan-Po; Green, Christopher; Hao, Linhui; Greninger, Alexander L.; Morton, Jennifer F.; Sights, Heather A.; Gale, Michael; Drain, Paul K. (2023). COVID-19 Antigen Results Correlate with the Quantity of Replication-Competent SARS-CoV-2 in a Cross-Sectional Study of Ambulatory Adults during the Delta Wave. Microbiol Spectr, 11(3). doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.00064-23
Keener Mast, Dana; Gwynn, Lisa; Johnson, Sara B.; McDaniels-Davidson, Corinne; Hoffman, Rosanne; Pulgaron, Elizabeth R.; D’Agostino, Emily M.; Ko, Linda K.; Goldman, Jennifer L.; Drain, Paul K.; Schuster, Jennifer E.; Duran, Miriana C.; Kiene, Susan M.; Oren, Eyal; Corneli, Amy (2023). A Multi-Study Synthesis of Facilitators and Barriers to SARS-CoV-2 Testing Enrollment in School Settings. Pediatrics, 152(Supplement 1). doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-060352j
Pulgaron, Elizabeth R.; D’Agostino, Emily M.; Johnson, Sara B.; Ko, Linda K.; Drain, Paul K.; Duran, Miriana C.; Keener Mast, Dana; Kay, Shelley; Layer, Marcus A.; Kenworthy, Tara; Dozier, Ann (2023). Reflections From School Communities in Underserved Populations on Childhood COVID-19 Vaccination. Pediatrics, 152(Supplement 1). doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-060352m
Dorward, Jienchi; Sookrajh, Yukteshwar; Lessells, Richard; Bulo, Elliot; Naidoo, Jessica; Naidoo, Keshani; Bodley, Nicola; Khanyile, Mlungisi; Van Vuuren, Claudia Jansen; Moodley, Pravikrishnen; Samsunder, Natasha; Lewis, Lara; Drain, Paul K.; Hayward, Gail; Butler, Christopher C.; Garrett, Nigel (2023). Point-of-Care Viral Load Testing to Manage HIV Viremia During the Rollout of Dolutegravir-Based ART in South Africa: A Randomized Feasibility Study (POwER). JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 93(5), 403-412. doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000003212
Drain, Paul K.; Bemer, Meagan; Morton, Jennifer F.; Dalmat, Ronit; Abdille, Hussein; Thomas, Katherine; Uppal, Timsy; Hau, Derrick; Green, Heather R.; Gates-Hollingworth, Marcellene A.; AuCoin, David P.; Verma, Subhash C. (2022). Accuracy of Rapid Antigen Testing Across SARS-CoV-2 Variants. SSRN Journal. doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4047361
Drain, Paul K; Chiklis, Gregory; Guest, Poppy; Lindner, Nigel M; Ellis, Jayne E (2022). Performance study of a point-of-care antigen test during the SARS-CoV-2 Delta to Omicron variant transition in the USA. medRxiv. doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.11.22274962
Nkinsi, Naomi T.; Galagan, Sean R.; Benzekri, Noelle A.; Govere, Sabina; Drain, Paul K. (2023). Food Insecurity at HIV Diagnosis Associated with Subsequent Viremia Amongst Adults Living with HIV in an Urban Township of South Africa. AIDS Behav, 27(11), 3687-3694. doi.org/10.1007/s10461-023-04085-1
Drain PK, Dorward J, Violette LR, Quame-Amaglo J, Thomas KK, Samsunder N, Ngobese H, Mlisana K, Moodley P, Donnell D, Barnabas RV, Naidoo K, Abdool Karim SS, Celum C, Garrett N; STREAM Study Team. Point-of-care HIV viral load testing improves treatment outcomes. Lancet HIV. In press [original work].
Olanrewaju AO, Sullivan BP, Lo TJ, Cressey TR, Drain PK, Posner JD. Pilot validation of an enzymatic assay for rapid measurement of long-term antiretroviral drug concentrations. bioRxiv. In press [original work].
Ramirez, Magaly; Bishop, Sonia; Ibarra, Genoveva; Shah, Parth; Duran, Miriana C.; Chae, Hwa Young; Hassell, Laurie; Garza, Lorenzo; Linde, Sandra; Garrison, Michelle M.; Drain, Paul K.; Ko, Linda K. (2023). An agricultural community’s perspectives on COVID-19 testing to support safe school reopening. Front. Public Health, 11. doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1215385
Dhana A, Maartens G, et al. Clinical prediction model that incorporates CRP. Eur Resp Review. In press [original work].
Wilson, Douglas; Cudahy, Patrick; Drain, Paul K (2023). Urine and sputum tuberculosis tests: defining the trade-offs in endemic HIV and tuberculosis settings. The Lancet Global Health, 11(6), e809-e810. doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00215-2

Drain, Paul K. (2022). Rapid Diagnostic Testing for SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med, 386(3), 264-272. doi.org/10.1056/nejmcp2117115
Drain, Paul; Sulaiman, Raed; Hoppers, Melanie; Lindner, Nigel M; Lawson, Vicki; Ellis, Jayne E (2021). Performance of the LumiraDx Microfluidic Immunofluorescence Point-of-Care SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test in Asymptomatic Adults and Children. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 157(4), 602-607. doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqab173
Zhang, Jane Y.; Zhang, Yu; Bender, Andrew T.; Sullivan, Benjamin P.; Olanrewaju, Ayokunle O.; Lillis, Lorraine; Boyle, David; Drain, Paul K.; Posner, Jonathan D. (2022). HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence test using reverse transcription isothermal amplification inhibition assay. Anal. Methods, 14(13), 1361-1370. doi.org/10.1039/d2ay00008c
Sevenler, Derin; Niu, Xin; Dossantos, Sandy; Toner, Mehmet; Cressey, Tim R.; Sandlin, Rebecca D.; Drain, Paul K. (2022). Point-of-care semi-quantitative test for adherence to tenofovir alafenamide or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 77(4), 996-999. doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab487
Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani; Lessells, Richard; Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa; Drain, Paul; Thabane, Lehana (2022). Co-creation of HIVST delivery approaches for improving urban men’s engagement with HIV services in eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal: nominal group technique in intervention development. Pilot Feasibility Stud, 8(1). doi.org/10.1186/s40814-022-01083-3
Montaño, Michalina A.; Bemer, Meagan J.; Heller, Kate B.; Meisner, Allison; Marfatia, Zarna; Rechkina, Elena A.; Padgett, Leah R.; Ahls, Charlotte L.; Rains, Douglas; Hao, Linhui; Hsiang, Tien-Ying; Cangelosi, Gerard A.; Greninger, Alexander L.; Cantera, Jason L.; Golden, Allison; Peck, Roger B.; Boyle, David S.; Gale, Michael; Drain, Paul K. (2022). Performance of anterior nares and tongue swabs for nucleic acid, Nucleocapsid, and Spike antigen testing for detecting SARS-CoV-2 against nasopharyngeal PCR and viral culture. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 117, 287-294. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.009
Olanrewaju, Ayokunle O.; Sullivan, Benjamin P.; Gim, Alicia H.; Craig, Cosette A.; Sevenler, Derin; Bender, Andrew T.; Drain, Paul K.; Posner, Jonathan D. (2022). REverSe TRanscrIptase chain termination (RESTRICT) for selective measurement of nucleotide analogs used in HIV care and prevention. Bioengineering & Transla Med, 8(1). doi.org/10.1002/btm2.10369
Shapiro, Adrienne E.; Olson, Alaina M.; Kidoguchi, Lara; Niu, Xin; Ngcobo, Zinhle; Magcaba, Zanele P.; Ngwane, Mduduzi W.; Whitman, Grant R.; Weigel, Kris M.; Wood, Rachel C.; Wilson, Doug P. K.; Drain, Paul K.; Cangelosi, Gerard A. (2022). Complementary Nonsputum Diagnostic Testing for Tuberculosis in People with HIV Using Oral Swab PCR and Urine Lipoarabinomannan Detection. J Clin Microbiol, 60(8). doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00431-22
Thompson, Matthew J.; Drain, Paul K.; Gregor, Charlie E.; Hassell, Laurie A.; Ko, Linda K.; Lyon, Victoria; Ahmed, Selena; Bishop, Sonia; Dupuis, Virgil; Garza, Lorenzo; Lambert, Allison A.; Rowe, Carly; Warne, Teresa; Webber, Eliza; Westbroek, Wendy; Adams, Alexandra K. (2022). A pragmatic randomized trial of home-based testing for COVID-19 in rural Native American and Latino communities: Protocol for the “Protecting our Communities” study. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 119, 106820. doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2022.106820
Drain, Paul K.; Bemer, Meagan; Morton, Jennifer F.; Dalmat, Ronit; Abdille, Hussein; Thomas, Katherine; Uppal, Timsy; Hau, Derrick; Green, Heather R.; Gates-Hollingworth, Marcellene A.; AuCoin, David P.; Verma, Subhash C. (2022). Accuracy of Rapid Antigen Testing Across SARS-CoV-2 Variants. SSRN Journal. doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4047361
Dorward, Jienchi; Naidoo, Jessica; Moodley, Pravikrishnen; Sookrajh, Yukteshwar; Samsunder, Natasha; Sayed, Fathima; Naicker, Nivashnee; Fanshawe, Thomas; Drain, Paul K.; Lessells, Richard J.; Hayward, Gail; Butler, Christopher C.; Garrett, Nigel (2022). Diagnostic Accuracy of the Rapid Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load XC, Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load, & m-PIMA HIV-1/2 Viral Load in South African Clinics. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 91(2), 189-196. doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000003037
Niu, Xin; Kubiak, Rachel W; Siriprakaisil, Oraphan; Klinbuyaem, Virat; Sukrakanchana, Pra ornsuda; Cressey, Ratchada; Okochi, Hideaki; Gandhi, Monica; Cressey, Tim R; Drain, Paul K (2022). Tenofovir-Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots vs Tenofovir in Urine/Plasma for Oral Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence Monitoring. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 9(8). doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac405
Tapsoba, Jean de Dieu; Cover, Jane; Obong’o, Christopher; Brady, Martha; Cressey, Tim R.; Mori, Kira; Okomo, Gordon; Kariithi, Edward; Obanda, Rael; Oluoch-Madiang, Daniel; Chen, Ying Qing; Drain, Paul; Duerr, Ann (2022). Continued attendance in a PrEP program despite low adherence and non-protective drug levels among adolescent girls and young women in Kenya: Results from a prospective cohort study. PLoS Med, 19(9), e1004097. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004097
Bodley, Nicola; Dorward, Jienchi; Naidoo, Jessica; Letsoalo, Marothi; Ramsaroop, Kaminee; Sayed, Fathima; Sookrajh, Yukteshwar; Drain, Paul K.; Garrett, Nigel (2023). Diagnostic Accuracy of the Alere Afinion AS100 Point-of-Care Assay to Screen for Noncommunicable Diseases Among People Living With HIV. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 92(1), e1-e3. doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000003098
Zobrist, Stephanie; Oliveira-Silva, Michelle; Vieira, Alexia Martines; Bansil, Pooja; Gerth-Guyette, Emily; Leader, Brandon T; Golden, Allison; Slater, Hannah; Cruz, Catherine Duran de Lucena; Garbin, Eduardo; Sagalovsky, Mariana; Pal, Sampa; Gupta, Vin; Wolansky, Leo; Dall’Acqua, Deusilene Souza Vieira; Naveca, Felipe Gomes; Nascimento, Valdinete Alves do; Salcedo, Juan Miguel Villalobos; Drain, Paul K;… (2022). Screening for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Close Contacts of Individuals With Confirmed Infection: Performance and Operational Considerations. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 226(12), 2118-2128. doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac204

Steeb, David R.; Brock, Tina P.; Dascanio, Sarah A.; Drain, Paul K.; Squires, Allison; Thumm, Melissa; Tittle, Robin; Haines, Stuart T. (2020). Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for Global Health. Academic Medicine, 96(3), 402-408. doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003856
Truong, Michael; Rane, Madhura S.; Govere, Sabina; Galagan, Sean R.; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus; Stoep, Ann Vander; Celum, Connie; Drain, Paul K. (2021). Depression and anxiety as barriers to art initiation, retention in care, and treatment outcomes in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. EClinicalMedicine, 31, 100621. doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100621
Dorward, Jienchi; Sookrajh, Yukteshwar; Ngobese, Hope; Lessells, Richard; Sayed, Fathima; Bulo, Elliot; Moodley, P; Samsunder, Natasha; Lewis, Lara; Tonkin-Crine, Sarah; Drain, Paul K; Hayward, Gail; Butler, Christopher C; Garrett, Nigel (2021). Protocol for a randomised feasibility study of Point-Of-care HIV viral load testing to Enhance Re-suppression in South Africa: the POwER study. BMJ Open, 11(2), e045373. doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045373
Sharma, Monisha; Mudimu, Edinah; Simeon, Kate; Bershteyn, Anna; Dorward, Jienchi; Violette, Lauren R; Akullian, Adam; Abdool Karim, Salim S; Celum, Connie; Garrett, Nigel; Drain, Paul K (2021). Cost-effectiveness of point-of-care testing with task-shifting for HIV care in South Africa: a modelling study. The Lancet HIV, 8(4), e216-e224. doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(20)30279-4
Zhang, Jane Y.; Bender, Andrew T.; Boyle, David S.; Drain, Paul K.; Posner, Jonathan D. (2021). Current state of commercial point-of-care nucleic acid tests for infectious diseases. Analyst, 146(8), 2449-2462. doi.org/10.1039/d0an01988g
Drain, Paul K.; Galagan, Sean R.; Govere, Sabina; Krows, Meighan; Thulare, Hilary; Wallis, Carole L.; Gosnell, Bernadett I.; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus; Celum, Connie; Bassett, Ingrid V. (2021). Laboratory Reflex and Clinic-Based Point-of-Care Cryptococcal Antigen Screening for Preventing Meningitis and Mortality Among People Living With HIV. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 87(5), 1205-1213. doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000002717
Bardon, Ashley R; Dorward, Jienchi; Sookrajh, Yukteshwar; Sayed, Fathima; Quame-Amaglo, Justice; Pillay, Cheryl; Feutz, Erika; Ngobese, Hope; Simoni, Jane M; Sharma, Monisha; Cressey, Tim R; Gandhi, Monica; Lessells, Richard; Moodley, Pravi; Naicker, Nivashnee; Naidoo, Kogieleum; Thomas, Katherine; Celum, Connie; Abdool Karim, Salim;… (2021). Simplifying TREAtment and Monitoring for HIV (STREAM HIV): protocol for a randomised controlled trial of point-of-care urine tenofovir and viral load testing to improve HIV outcomes. BMJ Open, 11(10), e050116. doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050116
Olanrewaju, Ayokunle O.; Sullivan, Benjamin P.; Bardon, Ashley R.; Lo, Tiffany J.; Cressey, Tim R.; Posner, Jonathan D.; Drain, Paul K. (2021). Pilot evaluation of an enzymatic assay for rapid measurement of antiretroviral drug concentrations. Virol J, 18(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12985-021-01543-x
Johnson, Kelly A; Niu, Xin; Glidden, David V; Castillo-Mancilla, Jose R; Yager, Jenna; MaWhinney, Samantha; Morrow, Mary; Okochi, Hideaki; Cressey, Tim R; Drain, Paul K; Gandhi, Monica; Anderson, Peter L; Spinelli, Matthew A (2021). Lower Urine Tenofovir Concentrations Among Individuals Taking Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: Implications for Point-of-Care Testing. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 8(7). doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab200
Oreskovic, Amy; Panpradist, Nuttada; Marangu, Diana; Ngwane, M. William; Magcaba, Zanele P.; Ngcobo, Sindiswa; Ngcobo, Zinhle; Horne, David J.; Wilson, Douglas P. K.; Shapiro, Adrienne E.; Drain, Paul K.; Lutz, Barry R. (2021). Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Using Sequence-Specific Purification of Urine Cell-Free DNA. J Clin Microbiol, 59(8). doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00074-21
Arakaki, Lola; Tollefson, Deanna; Kharono, Brenda; Drain, Paul K. (2021). Prevalence of rotavirus among older children and adults with diarrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine, 39(33), 4577-4590. doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.073
de Dieu Tapsoba, Jean; Zangeneh, Sahar Z.; Appelmans, Eline; Pasalar, Siavash; Mori, Kira; Peng, Lily; Tao, Janice; Drain, Paul; Okomo, Gordon; Bii, Stanley; Mukabi, James; Zobrist, Stephanie; Brady, Martha; Obanda, Rael; Madiang, Daniel Oluoch; Cover, Jane; Duerr, Ann; Chen, Ying Qing; Obong’o, Christopher (2020). Persistence of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among adolescent girls and young women initiating PrEP for HIV prevention in Kenya. AIDS Care, 33(6), 712-720. doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2020.1822505
Oreskovic, Amy; Panpradist, Nuttada; Marangu, Diana; Ngwane, M. William; Magcaba, Zanele P.; Ngcobo, Sindiswa; Ngcobo, Zinhle; Horne, David J.; Wilson, Douglas P. K.; Shapiro, Adrienne E.; Drain, Paul K.; Lutz, Barry R. (2021). Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Using Sequence-Specific Purification of Urine Cell-Free DNA. J Clin Microbiol, 59(8). doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00074-21
Drain, Paul K.; Ampajwala, Madhavi; Chappel, Christopher; Gvozden, Andre B.; Hoppers, Melanie; Wang, Melody; Rosen, Robert; Young, Stephen; Zissman, Edward; Montano, Michalina (2021). A Rapid, High-Sensitivity SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Immunoassay to Aid Diagnosis of Acute COVID-19 at the Point of Care: A Clinical Performance Study. Infect Dis Ther, 10(2), 753-761. doi.org/10.1007/s40121-021-00413-x
Oreskovic, Amy; Waalkes, Adam; Holmes, Elizabeth A.; Rosenthal, Christopher A.; Wilson, Douglas P.K.; Shapiro, Adrienne E.; Drain, Paul K.; Lutz, Barry R.; Salipante, Stephen J. (2021). Characterizing the molecular composition and diagnostic potential of Mycobacterium tuberculosis urinary cell-free DNA using next-generation sequencing. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 112, 330-337. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.042
Dhana, Ashar; Hamada, Yohhei; Kengne, Andre P; Kerkhoff, Andrew D; Rangaka, Molebogeng X; Kredo, Tamara; Baddeley, Annabel; Miller, Cecily; Singh, Satvinder; Hanifa, Yasmeen; Grant, Alison D; Fielding, Katherine; Affolabi, Dissou; Merle, Corinne S; Wachinou, Ablo Prudence; Yoon, Christina; Cattamanchi, Adithya; Hoffmann, Christopher J; Martinson, Neil;… (2022). Tuberculosis screening among ambulatory people living with HIV: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 22(4), 507-518. doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00387-x
Panpradist, Nuttada; Kline, Enos C.; Atkinson, Robert G.; Roller, Michael; Wang, Qin; Hull, Ian T.; Kotnik, Jack H.; Oreskovic, Amy K.; Bennett, Crissa; Leon, Daniel; Lyon, Victoria; Gilligan-Steinberg, Shane D.; Han, Peter D.; Drain, Paul K.; Starita, Lea M.; Thompson, Matthew J.; Lutz, Barry R. (2021). Harmony COVID-19: A ready-to-use kit, low-cost detector, and smartphone app for point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. Sci. Adv., 7(51). doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj1281
Kubiak, Rachel W.; Kratz, Mario; Motala, Ayesha A.; Galagan, Sean; Govere, Sabina; Brown, Elisabeth R.; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus S.; Drain, Paul K. (2021). Clinic-based diabetes screening at the time of HIV testing and associations with poor clinical outcomes in South Africa: a cohort study. BMC Infect Dis, 21(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06473-1
Govere, Sabina M.; Galagan, Sean; Tlou, Boikhutso; Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani; Bassett, Ingrid V.; Drain, Paul K. (2021). Effect of perceived HIV risk on initiation of antiretroviral therapy during the universal test and treat era in South Africa. BMC Infect Dis, 21(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06689-1
Kendall, Emily A.; Hussain, Hamidah; Kunkel, Amber; Kubiak, Rachel W.; Trajman, Anete; Menzies, Richard; Drain, Paul K. (2021). Isoniazid or rifampicin preventive therapy with and without screening for subclinical TB: a modeling analysis. BMC Med, 19(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02189-w
Wykowski, James H.; Phillips, Chris; Ngo, Thao; Drain, Paul K. (2021). A systematic review of potential screening biomarkers for active TB disease. Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, 25, 100284. doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100284

Gandhi, Monica; Wang, Guohong; King, Roger; Rodrigues, Warren C.; Vincent, Michael; Glidden, David V.; Cressey, Tim R.; Bacchetti, Peter; Spinelli, Matthew A.; Okochi, Hideaki; Siriprakaisil, Oraphan; Klinbuayaem, Virat; Mugo, Nelly R.; Ngure, Kenneth; Drain, Paul K.; Baeten, Jared M. (2020). Development and validation of the first point-of-care assay to objectively monitor adherence to HIV treatment and prevention in real-time in routine settings. AIDS, 34(2), 255-260. doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000002395
Drain, Paul; Ngure, Kenneth; Mugo, Nelly; Spinelli, Matthew; Chatterjee, Purba; Bacchetti, Peter; Glidden, David; Baeten, Jared; Gandhi, Monica (2020). Testing a Real-Time Tenofovir Urine Adherence Assay for Monitoring and Providing Feedback to Preexposure Prophylaxis in Kenya (PUMA): Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc, 9(4), e15029. doi.org/10.2196/15029
Wykowski, James; Galagan, Sean R.; Govere, Sabina; Wallis, Carole L.; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus; Celum, Connie; Drain, Paul K. (2020). Cryptococcal antigenemia is associated with meningitis or death in HIV-infected adults with CD4 100–200 cells/mm3. BMC Infect Dis, 20(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-4798-1
Mthembu, Nondumiso; Dorward, Jienchi; Naicker, Nivashnee; Osman, Farzana; Gumede, Siphesihle; Sookrajh, Yukteshwar; Drain, Paul; Garrett, Nigel (2020). Low CD4 count and educational status predict abnormal cervical smears amongst HIV-positive women initiating antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, 21(1). doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.1045
Singhroy, Diane N.; MacLean, Emily; Kohli, Mikashmi; Lessem, Erica; Branigan, David; England, Kathleen; Suleiman, Khairunisa; Drain, Paul K.; Ruhwald, Morten; Schumacher, Samuel; Denkinger, Claudia M.; Waning, Brenda; Van Gemert, Wayne; Pai, Madhukar (2020). Adoption and uptake of the lateral flow urine LAM test in countries with high tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS burden: current landscape and barriers. Gates Open Res, 4, 24. doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13112.2
Green, Dylan; Tordoff, Diana M; Kharono, Brenda; Akullian, Adam; Bershteyn, Anna; Morrison, Michelle; Garnett, Geoff; Duerr, Ann; Drain, Paul K (2020). Evidence of sociodemographic heterogeneity across the HIV treatment cascade and progress towards 90‐90‐90 in sub‐Saharan Africa – a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Intern AIDS Soc, 23(3). doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25470
Kuupiel, Desmond; Adu, Kwame M.; Bawontuo, Vitalis; Adogboba, Duncan A.; Drain, Paul K.; Moshabela, Mosa; Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani P. (2020). Geographical Accessibility to Glucose-6-Phosphate Dioxygenase Deficiency Point-of-Care Testing for Antenatal Care in Ghana. Diagnostics, 10(4), 229. doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10040229
Olanrewaju, Ayokunle O.; Sullivan, Benjamin P.; Zhang, Jane Y.; Bender, Andrew T.; Sevenler, Derin; Lo, Tiffany J.; Fernandez-Suarez, Marta; Drain, Paul K.; Posner, Jonathan D. (2020). Enzymatic Assay for Rapid Measurement of Antiretroviral Drug Levels. ACS Sens., 5(4), 952-959. doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.9b02198
Drain, Paul K; Dorward, Jienchi; Violette, Lauren R; Quame-Amaglo, Justice; Thomas, Katherine K; Samsunder, Natasha; Ngobese, Hope; Mlisana, Koleka; Moodley, Pravikrishnen; Donnell, Deborah; Barnabas, Ruanne V; Naidoo, Kogieleum; Abdool Karim, Salim S; Celum, Connie; Garrett, Nigel (2020). Point-of-care HIV viral load testing combined with task shifting to improve treatment outcomes (STREAM): findings from an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet HIV, 7(4), e229-e237. doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(19)30402-3
Dorward, Jienchi; Msimango, Lindani; Gibbs, Andrew; Shozi, Hlengiwe; Tonkin-Crine, Sarah; Hayward, Gail; Butler, Christopher C; Ngobese, Hope; Drain, Paul K; Garrett, Nigel (2020). Understanding how community antiretroviral delivery influences engagement in HIV care: a qualitative assessment of the Centralised Chronic Medication Dispensing and Distribution programme in South Africa. BMJ Open, 10(5), e035412. doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035412
Drain, Paul K; Kubiak, Rachel W; Siriprakaisil, Oraphan; Klinbuayaem, Virat; Quame-Amaglo, Justice; Sukrakanchana, Pra-Ornsuda; Tanasri, Suriyan; Punyati, Pimpinun; Sirirungsi, Wasna; Cressey, Ratchada; Bacchetti, Peter; Okochi, Hideaki; Baeten, Jared M; Gandhi, Monica; Cressey, Tim R (2019). Urine Tenofovir Concentrations Correlate With Plasma and Relate to Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Adherence: A Randomized, Directly Observed Pharmacokinetic Trial (TARGET Study). Clinical Infectious Diseases, 70(10), 2143-2151. doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz645
Cressey, Tim R.; Siriprakaisil, Oraphan; Kubiak, Rachel W.; Klinbuayaem, Virat; Sukrakanchana, Pra-ornsuda; Quame-Amaglo, Justice; Okochi, Hideaki; Tawon, Yardpiroon; Cressey, Ratchada; Baeten, Jared M.; Gandhi, Monica; Drain, Paul K. (2020). Plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of tenofovir following cessation in adults with controlled levels of adherence to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 97, 365-370. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.037
Bardon, Ashley R.; Simoni, Jane M.; Layman, Leif M.; Stekler, Joanne D.; Drain, Paul K. (2020). Perspectives on the utility and interest in a point-of-care urine tenofovir test for adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy: an exploratory qualitative assessment among U.S. clients and providers. AIDS Res Ther, 17(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12981-020-00308-w
Drain, Paul K.; Bardon, Ashley R.; Simoni, Jane M.; Cressey, Tim R.; Anderson, Pete; Sevenler, Derin; Olanrewaju, Ayokunle O.; Gandhi, Monica; Celum, Connie (2020). Point-of-care and Near Real-time Testing for Antiretroviral Adherence Monitoring to HIV Treatment and Prevention. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 17(5), 487-498. doi.org/10.1007/s11904-020-00512-3
Bajema, Kristina L.; Kubiak, Rachel W.; Guthrie, Brandon L.; Graham, Susan M.; Govere, Sabina; Thulare, Hilary; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus; Celum, Connie; Drain, Paul K. (2020). Tuberculosis-related stigma among adults presenting for HIV testing in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Public Health, 20(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09383-0
Kubiak, R. W.; Drain, P. K.; Hochberg, N. S. (2020). How should body mass index inform active tuberculosis screening in diabetes clinics in Asia?. int j tuberc lung dis, 24(7), 753-753. doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.20.0068
Sevenler, Derin; Bardon, Ashley; Fernandez Suarez, Marta; Marshall, Lisa; Toner, Mehmet; Drain, Paul K.; Sandlin, Rebecca D. (2020). Immunoassay for HIV Drug Metabolites Tenofovir and Tenofovir Diphosphate. ACS Infect. Dis., 6(7), 1635-1642. doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00010
Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani P.; Drain, Paul K. (2020). Point-of-Care Diagnostic Services as an Integral Part of Health Services during the Novel Coronavirus 2019 Era. Diagnostics, 10(7), 449. doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070449
Drain, Paul K.; Garrett, Nigel (2020). SARS-CoV-2 pandemic expanding in sub-Saharan Africa: Considerations for COVID-19 in people living with HIV. EClinicalMedicine, 22, 100342. doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100342
Secor, Andrew M.; Driver, Matthew; Kharono, Brenda; Hergott, Dianna; Liu, Gui; Barnabas, Ruanne V.; Dull, Peter; Hawes, Stephen E.; Drain, Paul K. (2020). Immunogenicity of Alternative Dosing Schedules for HPV Vaccines among Adolescent Girls and Young Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines, 8(4), 618. doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040618
Girdwood, Sarah J.; Crompton, Thomas; Sharma, Monisha; Dorward, Jienchi; Garrett, Nigel; Drain, Paul K.; Stevens, Wendy; Nichols, Brooke E. (2020). Cost-effectiveness of adoption strategies for point of care HIV viral load monitoring in South Africa. EClinicalMedicine, 28, 100607. doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100607
Msimango, Lindani; Gibbs, Andrew; Shozi, Hlengiwe; Ngobese, Hope; Humphries, Hilton; Drain, Paul K.; Garrett, Nigel; Dorward, Jienchi (2020). Acceptability of point-of-care viral load testing to facilitate differentiated care: a qualitative assessment of people living with HIV and nurses in South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res, 20(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05940-w

Bajema, Kristina L.; Bassett, Ingrid V.; Coleman, Sharon M.; Ross, Douglas; Freedberg, Kenneth A.; Wald, Anna; Drain, Paul K. (2019). Subclinical tuberculosis among adults with HIV: clinical features and outcomes in a South African cohort. BMC Infect Dis, 19(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3614-7
Drain, Paul K.; Hong, Ting; Hajat, Anjum; Krows, Meighan; Govere, Sabina; Thulare, Hilary; Moosa, Mahomed Yunus S.; Bassett, Ingrid; Celum, Connie (2019). Integrating hypertension screening at the time of voluntary HIV testing among adults in South Africa. PLoS ONE, 14(2), e0210161. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210161
Drain, Paul K.; Hong, Ting; Krows, Meighan; Govere, Sabina; Thulare, Hilary; Wallis, Carole L.; Gosnell, Bernadett I.; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus; Bassett, Ingrid V.; Celum, Connie (2019). Validation of clinic-based cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay screening in HIV-infected adults in South Africa. Sci Rep, 9(1). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37478-7
Kuupiel, Desmond; Tlou, Boikhutso; Bawontuo, Vitalis; Drain, Paul K.; Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani P. (2019). Poor supply chain management and stock-outs of point-of-care diagnostic tests in Upper East Region’s primary healthcare clinics, Ghana. PLoS ONE, 14(2), e0211498. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211498
Gandhi, Monica; Bacchetti, Peter; Spinelli, Matthew A.; Okochi, Hideaki; Baeten, Jared M.; Siriprakaisil, Oraphan; Klinbuayaem, Virat; Rodrigues, Warren C.; Wang, Guohong; Vincent, Michael; Cressey, Tim R.; Drain, Paul K. (2019). Brief Report: Validation of a Urine Tenofovir Immunoassay for Adherence Monitoring to PrEP and ART and Establishing the Cutoff for a Point-of-Care Test. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 81(1), 72-77. doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000001971
Drain, Paul K.; Dorward, Jienchi; Bender, Andrew; Lillis, Lorraine; Marinucci, Francesco; Sacks, Jilian; Bershteyn, Anna; Boyle, David S.; Posner, Jonathan D.; Garrett, Nigel (2019). Point-of-Care HIV Viral Load Testing: an Essential Tool for a Sustainable Global HIV/AIDS Response. Clin Microbiol Rev, 32(3). doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00097-18
Kubiak, Rachel W.; Sarkar, Sonali; Horsburgh, C. Robert; Roy, Gautam; Kratz, Mario; Reshma, Ayiraveetil; Knudsen, Selby; Salgame, Padmini; Ellner, Jerrold J.; Drain, Paul K.; Hochberg, Natasha S. (2019). Interaction of nutritional status and diabetes on active and latent tuberculosis: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Infect Dis, 19(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4244-4
Wykowski, James; Kemp, Christopher G.; Velloza, Jennifer; Rao, Deepa; Drain, Paul K. (2019). Associations Between Anxiety and Adherence to Antiretroviral Medications in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AIDS Behav, 23(8), 2059-2071. doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-02390-8
Green, Dylan; Kharono, Brenda; Tordoff, Diana M.; Akullian, Adam; Bershteyn, Anna; Morrison, Michelle; Garnett, Geoff; Duerr, Ann; Drain, Paul (2019). Demographic and risk group heterogeneity across the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev, 8(1). doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1024-6
Kuupiel, Desmond; Bawontuo, Vitalis; Drain, Paul K.; Gwala, Nonjabulo; Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani P. (2019). Supply chain management and accessibility to point-of-care testing in resource-limited settings: a systematic scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res, 19(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4351-3
Drain, Paul K; Heichman, Karen A; Wilson, Douglas (2019). A new point-of-care test to diagnose tuberculosis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19(8), 794-796. doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30053-2
Simeon, Kate; Sharma, Monisha; Dorward, Jienchi; Naidoo, Jessica; Dlamini, Ntuthu; Moodley, Pravikrishnen; Samsunder, Natasha; Barnabas, Ruanne V.; Garrett, Nigel; Drain, Paul K. (2019). Comparative cost analysis of point-of-care versus laboratory-based testing to initiate and monitor HIV treatment in South Africa. PLoS ONE, 14(10), e0223669. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223669
Drain, Paul K; Gardiner, Jennifer; Hannah, Haylea; Broger, Tobias; Dheda, Keertan; Fielding, Katherine; Walzl, Gerhard; Kaforou, Myrsini; Kranzer, Katharina; Joosten, Simone A; Gilpin, Christopher; Weyer, Karin; Denkinger, Claudia M; Schumacher, Samuel G (2019). Guidance for Studies Evaluating the Accuracy of Biomarker-Based Nonsputum Tests to Diagnose Tuberculosis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 220(Supplement_3), S108-S115. doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz356
Bulterys, Michelle A.; Wagner, Bradley; Redard-Jacot, Maël; Suresh, Anita; Pollock, Nira R.; Moreau, Emmanuel; Denkinger, Claudia M.; Drain, Paul K.; Broger, Tobias (2019). Point-Of-Care Urine LAM Tests for Tuberculosis Diagnosis: A Status Update. JCM, 9(1), 111. doi.org/10.3390/jcm9010111

Dorward, Jienchi; Yende-Zuma, Nonhlanhla; Samsunder, Natasha; Karim, Quarraisha Abdool; Drain, Paul K.; Garrett, Nigel (2018). Clinic-Based Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Creatinine Assay to Screen for Renal Impairment Among HIV-Positive Patients Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 77(4), e36-e39. doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000001613
Dorward, Jienchi; Drain, Paul K; Garrett, Nigel (2018). Point-of-care viral load testing and differentiated HIV care. The Lancet HIV, 5(1), e8-e9. doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(17)30211-4
Drain, Paul K.; Parker, Robert A.; Robine, Marion; Holmes, King K. (2018). Global migration of clinical research during the era of trial registration. PLoS ONE, 13(2), e0192413. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192413
Stime, Katrina J.; Garrett, Nigel; Sookrajh, Yukteshwar; Dorward, Jienchi; Dlamini, Ntuthu; Olowolagba, Ayo; Sharma, Monisha; Barnabas, Ruanne V.; Drain, Paul K. (2018). Clinic flow for STI, HIV, and TB patients in an urban infectious disease clinic offering point-of-care testing services in Durban, South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res, 18(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3154-2
Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani P.; Moodley, Pravi; Sartorius, Benn; Drain, Paul K. (2018). Evaluation of antenatal rapid human immunodeficiency virus testing in rural South Africa. South. Afr. j. HIV med., 19(1). doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v19i1.771
Mashamba-Thompson, T. P.; Sartorius, B.; Drain, P. K. (2018). Operational assessment of point-of-care diagnostics in rural primary healthcare clinics of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res, 18(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3207-6
Drain, Paul K; Holmes, King K (2018). The Fogarty International Center at 50: Accomplishments and Priorities for the Next 50 Years. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 66(9), 1323-1325. doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy078
Drain, Paul K.; Bajema, Kristina L.; Dowdy, David; Dheda, Keertan; Naidoo, Kogieleum; Schumacher, Samuel G.; Ma, Shuyi; Meermeier, Erin; Lewinsohn, David M.; Sherman, David R. (2018). Incipient and Subclinical Tuberculosis: a Clinical Review of Early Stages and Progression of Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev, 31(4). doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00021-18
Shapiro, Adrienne E.; Hong, Ting; Govere, Sabina; Thulare, Hilary; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus; Dorasamy, Afton; Wallis, Carole L.; Celum, Connie L.; Grosset, Jacques; Drain, Paul K. (2018). C-reactive protein as a screening test for HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis prior to antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. AIDS, 32(13), 1811-1820. doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000001902
Dorward, Jienchi; Lessells, Richard; Drain, Paul K; Naidoo, Kogieleum; de Oliveira, Tulio; Pillay, Yogan; Abdool Karim, Salim S; Garrett, Nigel (2018). Dolutegravir for first-line antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries: uncertainties and opportunities for implementation and research. The Lancet HIV, 5(7), e400-e404. doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(18)30093-6
Rane, Madhura S; Hong, Ting; Govere, Sabina; Thulare, Hilary; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus; Celum, Connie; Drain, Paul K (2018). Depression and Anxiety as Risk Factors for Delayed Care-Seeking Behavior in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Individuals in South Africa. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 67(9), 1411-1418. doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy309
Gandhi, Monica; Bacchetti, Peter; Rodrigues, Warren C.; Spinelli, Matthew; Koss, Catherine A.; Drain, Paul K.; Baeten, Jared M.; Mugo, Nelly R.; Ngure, Kenneth; Benet, Leslie Z.; Okochi, Hideaki; Wang, Guohong; Vincent, Michael (2018). Development and Validation of an Immunoassay for Tenofovir in Urine as a Real-Time Metric of Antiretroviral Adherence. EClinicalMedicine, 2-3, 22-28. doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.08.004
Kubiak, R. W.; Herbeck, J. T.; Coleman, S. M.; Ross, D.; Freedberg, K.; Bassett, I. V.; Drain, P. K. (2018). Urinary LAM grade, culture positivity, and mortality among HIV-infected South African out-patients. int j tuberc lung dis, 22(11), 1366-1373. doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.18.0099

Gounder, Lilishia; Moodley, Pravikrishnen; Drain, Paul K.; Hickey, Andrew J.; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus S. (2017). Hepatic tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus co-infected adults: a case series of South African adults. BMC Infect Dis, 17(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2222-2
Drain, Paul K.; Mock, Charles; Toole, David; Rosenwald, Anne; Jehn, Megan; Csordas, Thomas; Ferguson, Laura; Waggett, Caryl; Obidoa, Chinekwu; Wasserheit, Judith N. (2016). The Emergence of Undergraduate Majors in Global Health: Systematic Review of Programs and Recommendations for Future Directions. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 96(1), 16-23. doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0687
Drain, Paul K.; Rousseau, Christine (2017). Point-of-care diagnostics. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 12(2), 175-181. doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000351
Mugambi, Melissa; Palamountain, Kara; Gallarda, Jim; Drain, Paul (2017). Exploring the Case for a Global Alliance for Medical Diagnostics Initiative. Diagnostics, 7(1), 8. doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics7010008
Cressey, Tim R.; Siriprakaisil, Oraphan; Klinbuayaem, Virat; Quame-Amaglo, Justice; Kubiak, Rachel W.; Sukrakanchana, Pra-ornsuda; Than-in-at, Kanchana; Baeten, Jared; Sirirungsi, Wasna; Cressey, Ratchada; Drain, Paul K. (2017). A randomized clinical pharmacokinetic trial of Tenofovir in blood, plasma and urine in adults with perfect, moderate and low PrEP adherence: the TARGET study. BMC Infect Dis, 17(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2593-4
Drain, Paul K.; Subbaraman, Ramnath; Heimburger, Douglas C. (2017). Preserving the Fogarty International Center — Benefits for Americans and the World. N Engl J Med, 377(1), 9-11. doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1704690
Yoon, C.; Chaisson, L. H.; Patel, S. M.; Allen, I. E.; Drain, P. K.; Wilson, D.; Cattamanchi, A. (2017). Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein for active pulmonary tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. int j tuberc lung dis, 21(9), 1013-1019. doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.17.0078
Dorward, Jienchi; Garrett, Nigel; Quame-Amaglo, Justice; Samsunder, Natasha; Ngobese, Hope; Ngomane, Noluthando; Moodley, Pravikrishnen; Mlisana, Koleka; Schaafsma, Torin; Donnell, Deborah; Barnabas, Ruanne; Naidoo, Kogieleum; Abdool Karim, Salim; Celum, Connie; Drain, Paul K (2017). Protocol for a randomised controlled implementation trial of point-of-care viral load testing and task shifting: the Simplifying HIV TREAtment and Monitoring (STREAM) study. BMJ Open, 7(9), e017507. doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017507
Drain, Paul K.; Losina, Elena; Coleman, Sharon M; Giddy, Janet; Ross, Douglas; Katz, Jeffrey N; Freedberg, Kenneth A; Bassett, Ingrid V (2017). Clinic-Based Urinary Lipoarabinomannan as a Biomarker of Clinical Disease Severity and Mortality Among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adults in South Africa. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 4(3). doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx167
Drain PK, Wylie A. Global Awareness (Chapter 31). In: Dent J, Harden RM, Hunt D, eds. A Practical Guide for Medical Teachers, Fifth Edition. Amsterdam; Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2017: XX pages.

Mashamba-Thompson, T P; Sartorius, B; Thabane, L; Shi, C X; Drain, P K (2016). Impact of point-of-care diagnostics on maternal outcomes in HIV-infected women: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open, 6(1), e008002. doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008002
Drain, Paul K.; Gounder, Lilishia; Sahid, Faieza; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus S. (2016). Rapid Urine LAM Testing Improves Diagnosis of Expectorated Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an HIV-endemic Region. Sci Rep, 6(1). doi.org/10.1038/srep19992
Garrett, Nigel J.; Drain, Paul K.; Werner, Lise; Samsunder, Natasha; Abdool Karim, Salim S. (2016). Diagnostic Accuracy of the Point-of-Care Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load Assay in a South African HIV Clinic. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 72(2), e45-e48. doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000000978
Mashamba-Thompson, T P; Drain, P K; Sartorius, B (2016). Evaluating the accessibility and utility of HIV-related point-of-care diagnostics for maternal health in rural South Africa: a study protocol. BMJ Open, 6(6), e011155. doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011155
Drain, Paul K.; Losina, Elena; Coleman, Sharon M.; Giddy, Janet; Ross, Douglas; Katz, Jeffrey N.; Bassett, Ingrid V. (2016). Rapid urine lipoarabinomannan assay as a clinic-based screening test for active tuberculosis at HIV diagnosis. BMC Pulm Med, 16(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0316-z
Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani P.; Sartorius, Benn; Stevens, Fred C.J.; Drain, Paul K. (2016). Experiential Bloom’s Taxonomy learning framework for point-of-care diagnostics training of primary healthcare workers. Afr J Lab Med, 5(1). doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v5i1.449
Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani; Sartorius, Benn; Drain, Paul (2016). Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Improving Maternal Health in South Africa. Diagnostics, 6(3), 31. doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics6030031

Drain, Paul K; Gounder, Lilishia; Grobler, Anneke; Sahid, Faieza; Bassett, Ingrid V; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus S (2015). Urine lipoarabinomannan to monitor antituberculosis therapy response and predict mortality in an HIV-endemic region: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open, 5(4), e006833. doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006833
Hickey, Andrew J; Gounder, Lilishia; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus S; Drain, Paul K (2015). A systematic review of hepatic tuberculosis with considerations in human immunodeficiency virus co-infection. BMC Infect Dis, 15(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-0944-6
Liu, Enju; Makubi, Abel; Drain, Paul; Spiegelman, Donna; Sando, David; Li, Nan; Chalamilla, Guerino; Sudfeld, Christopher R.; Hertzmark, Ellen; Fawzi, Wafaie W. (2015). Tuberculosis incidence rate and risk factors among HIV-infected adults with access to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 29(11), 1391-1399. doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000705
Drain, Paul K.; Losina, Elena; Coleman, Sharon M.; Bogart, Laura; Giddy, Janet; Ross, Douglas; Katz, Jeffrey N.; Bassett, Ingrid V. (2015). Social support and mental health among adults prior to HIV counseling and testing in Durban, South Africa. AIDS Care, 27(10), 1231-1240. doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1046417
Drain, PK; Kleene, JM; Coleman, SM; Losina, E; Katz, JN; Giddy, J; Ross, D; Freedberg, KA; Bassett, IV (2015). Prevalence of cryptococcal antigenuria at initial HIV diagnosis in KwaZulu‐Natal. HIV Medicine, 16(10), 640-644. doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12263
Drain, Paul K. (2015). Implications of Repealing the Cuban Embargo for US Medicine and Public Health. Am J Public Health, 105(11), 2210-2211. doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302894

Drain, Paul K; Hyle, Emily P; Noubary, Farzad; Freedberg, Kenneth A; Wilson, Douglas; Bishai, William R; Rodriguez, William; Bassett, Ingrid V (2014). Diagnostic point-of-care tests in resource-limited settings. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 14(3), 239-249. doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70250-0
Drain, Paul K; Mosam, Anisa; Gounder, Lilishia; Gosnell, Bernadett; Manzini, Thandekile; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus S (2013). Recurrent giant molluscum contagiosum immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in an HIV-infected man. Int J STD AIDS, 25(3), 235-238. doi.org/10.1177/0956462413497702
Drain, Paul K; Losina, Elena; Coleman, Sharon M; Giddy, Janet; Ross, Douglas; Katz, Jeffrey N; Walensky, Rochelle P; Freedberg, Kenneth A; Bassett, Ingrid V (2014). Diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care urine test for tuberculosis screening among newly-diagnosed hiv-infected adults: a prospective, clinic-based study. BMC Infect Dis, 14(1). doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-110
Drain, P. K.; Mayeza, L.; Bartman, P.; Hurtado, R.; Moodley, P.; Varghese, S.; Maartens, G.; Alvarez, G. G.; Wilson, D. (2014). Diagnostic accuracy and clinical role of rapid C-reactive protein testing in HIV-infected individuals with presumed tuberculosis in South Africa. int j tuberc lung dis, 18(1), 20-26. doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.13.0519
Drain, Paul K.; Robine, Marion; Holmes, King K.; Bassett, Ingrid V. (2014). Global migration of clinical trials. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 13(3), 166-167. doi.org/10.1038/nrd4260
Drain, Paul K.; Rhatigan, Joseph J. (2014). Global Health Training Should Be Structured, Standardized, and Universal. Academic Medicine, 89(4), 530-531. doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000000181
Cohen, Gabriel M.; Drain, Paul K.; Noubary, Farzad; Cloete, Christie; Bassett, Ingrid V. (2014). Diagnostic Delays and Clinical Decision Making With Centralized Xpert MTB/RIF Testing in Durban, South Africa. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 67(3), e88-e93. doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000000309
Behforouz, Heidi L.; Drain, Paul K.; Rhatigan, Joseph J. (2014). Rethinking the Social History. N Engl J Med, 371(14), 1277-1279. doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1404846
Drain, Paul K.; Losina, Elena; Coleman, Sharon M.; Giddy, Janet; Ross, Douglas; Katz, Jeffrey N.; Bassett, Ingrid V. (2015). Value of Urine Lipoarabinomannan Grade and Second Test for Optimizing Clinic-Based Screening for HIV-Associated Pulmonary Tuberculosis. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 68(3), 274-280. doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000000436
Drain PK. Tuberculosis. In: Nelson B, Drain PK, eds. Essential Global Health Medicine. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014: 242-50 (Chapter 19).
Wagner A, Drain PK. Preparing for travel and caring for yourself abroad. In: Nelson B, Drain PK, eds. Essential Global Health Medicine. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014: 40-51 (Chapter 4).
Evert J, Drain PK, Hall T, eds. Developing global health programming: A guidebook for medical and professional schools, Second Edition. San Francisco: Global Health Collaborations Press, 2014.

Drain, Paul K.; Losina, Elena; Parker, Gary; Giddy, Janet; Ross, Douglas; Katz, Jeffrey N.; Coleman, Sharon M.; Bogart, Laura M.; Freedberg, Kenneth A.; Walensky, Rochelle P.; Bassett, Ingrid V. (2013). Risk Factors for Late-Stage HIV Disease Presentation at Initial HIV Diagnosis in Durban, South Africa. PLoS ONE, 8(1), e55305. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055305
Ndeffo Mbah, Martial L.; Poolman, Eric M.; Drain, Paul K.; Coffee, Megan P.; van der Werf, Marieke J.; Galvani, Alison P. (2013). HIV and Schistosoma haematobium prevalences correlate in sub‐Saharan Africa. Tropical Med Int Health, 18(10), 1174-1179. doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12165
Cherniak, William A.; Drain, Paul K.; Brewer, Timothy F. (2013). Educational Objectives for International Medical Electives. Academic Medicine, 88(11), 1778-1781. doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3182a6a7ce

Li N, Spiegelman D, Drain P, Mwiru RS, Mugusi F, Chalamilla G, Fawzi WW. Predictors of weight loss after HAART initiation among HIV-infected adults in Tanzania. AIDS. 2012;26:577-85 [original work].

Drain PK, Barry M. Global Health. Fifty years of U.S. embargo: Cuba’s health outcomes and lessons. Science. 2010;328:572-3 [original work]. PMCID: 3990013.

Drain PK, Holmes KK, Skeff KM, Hall TL, Gardner P. Global health training and international clinical rotations during residency: current status, needs, and opportunities. Acad Med. 2009;84:320-5 [original work]. PMCID: 3998377.
Drain PK, Huffman SA, Pirtle SE, Chan K. Caring for the world: A guidebook to global health opportunities. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 2009.

Drain PK, Kupka R, Mugusi F, Fawzi WW. Micronutrients in HIV-positive persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:335-45 [original work].
Drain PK, Primack A, Hunt DD, Fawzi WW, Holmes KK, Gardner P. Global health in medical education: A call for more training and opportunities. Acad Med. 2007;82;3:226-30 [original work].
Drain PK, Kupka R, Msamanga GI, Urassa W, Mugusi F, Fawzi WW. C-reactive protein independently predicts HIV-related outcomes among women and children in a resource-poor setting. AIDS. 2007;21: 2067-75 [original work]. PMCID: 4005838.

Drain PK, Baeten JM, Overbaugh J, Wener MH, Bankson D, Lavreys L, Mandaliya K, Ndinya-Achola JO, McClelland RS. Low serum albumin and the acute phase response predict low serum selenium in HIV-1 infected women. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:85 [original work]. PMCID: 1479829.
Drain PK, Halperin DT, Hughes JP, Klausner JD, Bailey RC. Male circumcision, religion, and infectious diseases: an ecologic analysis of 118 developing countries. BioMed Central Infect Dis. 2006;6:172 [original work]. PMCID: 1764746.

Drain PK, Smith JS, Hughes JP, Halperin DT, Holmes KK. Correlates of national HIV seroprevalence: an ecologic analysis of 122 developing countries. J Acquired Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;35:407-20 [original work].

Drain PK, Ralaivao JS, Rakotonandrasana A, Carnell MA. Introducing auto-disable syringes to the national immunization programme in Madagascar. Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81:553-60 [original work]. PMCID: 2572525.
Drain PK, Nelson CM, Lloyd JS. Single-dose versus multi-dose vaccine vials for immunization programmes in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81:726-31 [original work]. PMCID: 2572331.

Drain PK, Holmes KK, Hughes JP, Koutsky LA. Determinants of cervical cancer rates in developing countries. Int J Cancer. 2002;10:199-205 [original work].
Invited Presentations

  1. Introducing auto-disable syringes into a developing country’s national immunization program. Madagascar Ministry of Health. Antananarivo, Madagascar, December 2000. [Symposium]
  2. HIV and PEPFAR in East Africa. RESULTS. Seattle, Washington, USA, March 2006. [Seminar]
  3. HIV and poverty in East Africa. Students Moving Mountains, University of Washington. Seattle, Washington, USA, April 2006. [Seminar]
  4. The global impact of tuberculosis. Global Health Round Table, University of Washington. Seattle, Washington, USA, May 2006. [Seminar]
  5. Point-of-care diagnostics in resource-limited settings. Harvard University Center for AIDS Research. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, April 2012. [Symposium]
  6. Preventing cryptococcal deaths. iThembalabantu Clinic and AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF). Durban, South Africa, March 2012. [Seminar]
  7. A Rapid Urine Test for Tuberculosis in Resource-Limited Settings: Designing an Interventional Study. Medical Practice Evaluation Center at Massachusetts General Hospital. September 2013. [Seminar]
  8. Preventing cryptococcal deaths: an update. iThembalabantu Clinic and AIDS Healthcare Foundation. Durban, South Africa, January 2014. [Seminar]
  9. Point-of-care diagnostics for tuberculosis. Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA). Durban, South Africa, May 2014.  [Symposium]
  10. Point-of-care diagnostics in resource-limited settings. The University of Washington. Seattle, Washington, USA, August 2014. [Seminar]
  11. Point-of-care diagnostics for HIV and tuberculosis in resource-limited settings. HOPE (The HIV Online Provider Education Program) and Harvard Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) at Harvard Medical School. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, August 2014. [Grand Rounds]
  12. Point-of-care Diagnostics for Tuberculosis. Grand Rounds presentation at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Medical Center. Durban, South Africa, November 2014.  [Grand Rounds]
  13. Assessment of the Xpert® HIV-1 VL® and Xpert® HIV-1 Qual® in a HIV point-of-care setting. Cepheid Integrated Symposium (Redefining simple: molecular diagnostics from point-of-care to high throughput labs). Vancouver, Canada, July 2015. [Symposium]
  14. Creating point-of-care diagnostics for use in resource-limited settings:  Lessons learned from South Africa. Point-of-Care Diagnostics & Global Health World Congress. San Diego, California, USA, September 2015.
  15. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) to Diagnose Active Tuberculosis. Seattle Area Tuberculosis Diagnostics Symposium 2015 Mycobacterial Interest Group (MIG) II. Seattle, Washington, USA, November 2015. [Seminar]
  16. Tuberculosis: Pathophysiology and Transmission. Firland Northwest Tuberculosis Center’s TB Clinical Intensive. Seattle, Washington, USA, June 2016. [Seminar]
  17. Tuberculosis: Diagnosis and Management. University of Washington Internal Medicine. Seattle, Washington, USA, August 2016.  [Seminar]
  18. Creating Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Use in Resource-Limited Settings: Lessons Learned from South Africa. Presentation to University of KwaZulu-Natal’s Department of Rural Health. Durban, South Africa, November 2016.  [Grand Rounds]
  19. Point-of-care Testing for Screening and Diagnosing Active TB Disease. University of Washington’s Second Annual Symposium on Tuberculosis. Seattle, Washington, USA, December 2016.  [Seminar]
  20. Creating molecular point-of-care diagnostics for use in resource-limited settings: Lessons learned from South Africa. Molecular Medicine Tri-Conference. San Francisco, California, USA, February 2017.  [Symposium]
  21. Using technology and point-of-care diagnostics to end HIV and tuberculosis. Grand Rounds, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, March 2017. [Grand Rounds]
  22. Using Technology and point-of-care diagnostics to end HIV and tuberculosis. Presentation to Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, April 2017. [Symposium]
  23. Urine LAM detection: current status and future prospects. Advanced TB Diagnostics Course, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, June 2017. [Seminar]
  24. Do we need a GAVI for diagnostics? Advanced TB Diagnostics Course, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, June 2017.  [Seminar]
  25. Undergraduate degrees in Global Health. Undergraduate Global Health Majors and Minors: Integrating Experiential and Community-Based Learning Seminar, Child Family Health International, Webinar, August 2017. [Seminar]
  26. The social history: What impacts health? University of Washington School of Medicine Foundations of Clinical Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA, August 2017. [Seminar]
  27. Measuring HIV: monitoring, resistance & adherence. McGill University, Montreal, Canada, June 2018.  [Grand Rounds]
  28. Exploring the case for a global alliance for medical diagnostics initiative. McGill University, Montreal, Canada, June 2018. [Seminar]
  29. The Role of Fogarty Training on Career Trajectory. Consortium of Universities for Global Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA, March 2019. [Symposium]
  30. Point-of-care Testing to Improve HIV Outcomes. Cepheid, Inc. Annual Scientific Meeting, Sunnyvale, California, USA. September 2019.  [Grand Rounds]
  31. Clinical Performance of FLOW-TB in South Africa. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA. October 2019.  [Grand Rounds]
  32. Point-of-care testing will be critical for ending the HIV, TB and COVID epidemics. University of Washington Internal Medicine Resident Lecture, Seattle, Washington, USA.  January 2021.  [Seminar]
  33. Tackling entrenched inequalities to end epidemics – Better delivery of client-centric diagnosis and care. Africa Healthcare Online. January 2021. [Panel Discussion]
  34. Leveraging Global Health to change Local Communities: Lessons from COVID-19. University of Washington School of Medicine Global Health Interest Group, Seattle, Washington, USA. March 2021. [Seminar]
  35. Advancing Diagnostic Testing for SARS-CoV-2. COVID Here and Now Treatment Conference – (CHANT) Spring Series Online, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. March 2021. [Grand Rounds]
  36. Gaps and Priorities for TB Biomarkers and Diagnostics. Advanced TB Research Training Course (virtual). September 2021. [Seminar]
  37. Objective Adherence Testing for HIV Treatment and Prevention. IDWeek Conference. San Diego, CA, October 2021.
  38. Incipient and Subclinical TB: A Clinical Review of Early Stages and Progression of Infection. USAID. (virtual) January 2022. [Grand Rounds].
  39. POC Viral Load testing for HIV Care. 24th Bangkok International Symposium on HIV Medicine. Bangkok, Thailand. January 2022.
  40. Global Considerations on Omicron Diagnostics. Seminar for Abbott Diagnostics. Virtual webinar.  March 2022. [Seminar]
  41. Global Considerations on Omicron Diagnostics. European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) Conference, Lisbon, Spain. March 2022.
  42. Tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Transmission. TB Clinical Intensive course, Curry Center and Firland Foundation.  Seattle, WA.  June 2022. [Seminar]
  43. Global Considerations for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics. Plenary Session for American Association of Clinical Chemistry Conference, Chicago, Illinois, USA.  July 2022. [Plenary]
  44. Use of TB LAM: What’s next?  AIDS 2022: The 24th International AIDS Conference, Montreal, Canada. August 2022. [Plenary]
  45. Point of Care Tests for Drug Level Testing: Where are we?  International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV, Hepatitis, and Other Antiviral Drugs, Barcelona, Spain. September 2022. [Workshop]
  46. Taking the Road Less Traveled to Medical School. American Medical Student Association, and American Medical Women’s Association Annual Symposium, Seattle, Washington, USA. October 2022. [Keynote]
  47. Reassured Point-of-Care Diagnostics Research. REASSURED Diagnostics Symposium, Pretoria, South Africa. November 2022. [Keynote]
  48. Drain PK. Objective Adherence Testing for HIV Treatment and Prevention.  18th Residential Course on Clinical Pharmacology of Antiretrovirals, Torino, Italy. January 2023.
  49. Tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Transmission. TB Clinical Intensive course, Curry Center and Firland Foundation.  Seattle, WA.  July 2023. [Seminar]