<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FCCS_file xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" schemaVersion="1.4" xsi:schemaLocation="conf\\us.fed.fs.fera.fccs.xsd">
  <fuelbed_number>454</fuelbed_number>
  <fuelbed_name>American beech-maple/American red raspberry forest</fuelbed_name>
  <fuelbed_description>A northern hardwood forest with beech and pin cherry as the most abundant species in the midstory. These species dominated the regeneration following selection cuts in the past. Some beech, sugar maple and yellow birch have grown through to the overstory. This fuelbed represents stands greater than 60 years old with a history of selective tree harvests but no recent management.</fuelbed_description>
  <ecoregion>210,220,230</ecoregion>
  <vegetation_form>1</vegetation_form>
  <structural_class>1</structural_class>
  <cover_type>21,38</cover_type>
  <change_agent>12</change_agent>
  <natural_fire_regime>5</natural_fire_regime>
  <condition_class>1</condition_class>
  <user_name/>
  <address/>
  <affiliation/>
  <phone/>
  <file_owner_email/>
  <notes>Created from FCCS 110 for EVT 2532. Altered canopy, shrub and nonwoody structure and composition based on several studies of diameter limit cutting and select tree harvests in northern hardwood forests (mainly in the northeast). Also altered woody fuels, moss, duff, ladder fuels, and snags. </notes>
  <date_collected>Sep 20, 2011</date_collected>
  <fuelbed_confidence/>
  <fuelbed>
    <canopy>
      <trees>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="40" max="90">60</total_percent_cover>
        <overstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="10" max="60" reference_id="5000">40</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="40" max="95">50</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="17" max="50">30</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="10" max="75">30</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="10" max="18">13</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19462</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28731</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19481</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28727</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </overstory>
        <midstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="30" max="75">50</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="30" max="70">40</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="10" max="40">20</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="50" max="220">100</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="6" max="12">9</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19462</tsn>
              <relative_cover>40</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>24799</tsn>
              <relative_cover>30</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28727</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>32931</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19511</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </midstory>
        <understory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="10" max="40">20</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="2" max="45">20</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="0" max="15" reference_id="5106">6</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="100" max="4000">200</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="0.5" max="7.5" reference_id="5066">6</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19462</tsn>
              <relative_cover>30.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28727</tsn>
              <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19481</tsn>
              <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>21536</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19511</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>32931</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </understory>
      </trees>
      <snags>
        <class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
          <percent_cover unit="number"/>
          <height_to_crown_base unit="feet"/>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
        <class_1_all_others>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="35">10</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="1" max="20">8</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="50" max="70">40</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>24799</tsn>
              <relative_cover>65.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28727</tsn>
              <relative_cover>35.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_1_all_others>
        <class_2>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="50">10</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="1" max="30" reference_id="5002">8</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="40" max="60">25</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>24799</tsn>
              <relative_cover>65.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28727</tsn>
              <relative_cover>35.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_2>
        <class_3>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="50">10</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="1" max="30">8</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="4.5" max="60">20</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>24799</tsn>
              <relative_cover>65.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28727</tsn>
              <relative_cover>35.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_3>
      </snags>
      <ladder_fuels>
        <minimum_height unit="feet" min="0" max="15">6</minimum_height>
        <maximum_height unit="feet" min="40" max="90">50</maximum_height>
        <is_vertically_contiguous>0</is_vertically_contiguous>
        <type>7</type>
      </ladder_fuels>
    </canopy>
    <shrubs>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="2" max="70">40</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="1.5" max="10" reference_id="5002">4</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="60" max="100" reference_id="5002">95</percent_live>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>35265</tsn>
            <relative_cover>25</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>24947</tsn>
            <relative_cover>65</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>525079</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <height unit="feet"/>
        <percent_live unit="number"/>
        <species/>
      </secondary_layer>
      <needle_drape>
        <is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>0</is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>
      </needle_drape>
    </shrubs>
    <herbaceous>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="80" reference_id="5106">20</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="2" reference_id="5002">1</height>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="2">0.1</loading>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="90" max="100" reference_id="5002">95</percent_live>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>35510</tsn>
            <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>17491</tsn>
            <relative_cover>45</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>29090</tsn>
            <relative_cover>5.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>503653</tsn>
            <relative_cover>5.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>17519</tsn>
            <relative_cover>5.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <height unit="feet"/>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre"/>
        <percent_live unit="number"/>
        <species/>
      </secondary_layer>
    </herbaceous>
    <woody_fuel>
      <all_downed_woody_fuel>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="10" reference_id="5002">5</total_percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="1" reference_id="5000">0.5</depth>
      </all_downed_woody_fuel>
      <sound_wood>
        <all_sound_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>24799</tsn>
              <relative_cover>65.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19462</tsn>
              <relative_cover>35.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_sound_wood>
        <loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
          <zero_to_quarter_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="1.5" reference_id="5106">0.4</zero_to_quarter_inch>
          <quarter_inch_to_one_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="3" reference_id="5106">0.5</quarter_inch_to_one_inch>
          <one_to_three_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="5" reference_id="5106">1</one_to_three_inches>
        </loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="10" reference_id="5106">1</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="10">2</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="5">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
      </sound_wood>
      <rotten_wood>
        <all_rotten_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28731</tsn>
              <relative_cover>60</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19481</tsn>
              <relative_cover>40</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_rotten_wood>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="2">0.5</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="4.2" reference_id="5002">1</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="3" reference_id="5106">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
      </rotten_wood>
      <stumps>
        <sound>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </sound>
        <rotten>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="3">50</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="15" max="30">20</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="1" max="3">2</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28731</tsn>
              <relative_cover>60</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19481</tsn>
              <relative_cover>40</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </rotten>
        <lightered_pitchy>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </lightered_pitchy>
      </stumps>
    </woody_fuel>
    <moss_lichen_litter>
      <moss>
        <type/>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
      </moss>
      <ground_lichen>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
      </ground_lichen>
      <litter>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="90" max="100" reference_id="5000">95</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.1" max="2.5" reference_id="5002">1</depth>
        <arrangement>1</arrangement>
        <litter_type>
          <short_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover/>
          </short_needle_pine>
          <long_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover/>
          </long_needle_pine>
          <other_conifer>
            <relative_cover/>
          </other_conifer>
          <broadleaf_deciduous>
            <relative_cover>100.00</relative_cover>
          </broadleaf_deciduous>
          <broadleaf_evergreen>
            <relative_cover/>
          </broadleaf_evergreen>
          <palm_frond>
            <relative_cover/>
          </palm_frond>
          <grass>
            <relative_cover/>
          </grass>
        </litter_type>
      </litter>
    </moss_lichen_litter>
    <ground_fuel>
      <duff>
        <upper>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0.1" max="1.5" reference_id="5002">1</depth>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="70" max="100">85</percent_cover>
          <derivation>1</derivation>
        </upper>
        <lower>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0.1" max="5" reference_id="1359"/>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="70" max="100"/>
          <derivation/>
          <loading unit="tons_per_acre"/>
        </lower>
      </duff>
      <squirrel_middens>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
      </squirrel_middens>
      <basal_accumulation>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
        <type/>
      </basal_accumulation>
    </ground_fuel>
  </fuelbed>
</FCCS_file>
