<?xml version="1.0"?>
<FCCS_file xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="cash.xsd" schemaVersion="1.4">
  <fuelbed_number>18</fuelbed_number>
  <fuelbed_name>Douglas-fir/oceanspray forest</fuelbed_name>
  <fuelbed_description>Forests composed of mixed Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine occur in the U.S. Rocky Mountains and east of the Cascade Range. Fire exclusion and historic high-grade logging of mature ponderosa pine has favored dominance of the shade-tolerant Douglas-fir. This 80- to 250-year-old stand was treated with prescribed fire 5 years previously. This fuelbed was developed based on data from North Cascades National Park Complex.</fuelbed_description>
  <ecoregion>240,260,330,340</ecoregion>
  <vegetation_form>2</vegetation_form>
  <structural_class>1</structural_class>
  <cover_type>118</cover_type>
  <change_agent>8</change_agent>
  <natural_fire_regime>1</natural_fire_regime>
  <condition_class>2</condition_class>
  <user_name/>
  <address/>
  <affiliation/>
  <phone/>
  <file_owner_email/>
  <notes/>
  <site_photo/>
  <date_collected>2003-09-17</date_collected>
  <fuelbed_confidence>5</fuelbed_confidence>
  <fuelbed>
    <canopy>
      <trees>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="20" max="80">60</total_percent_cover>
        <overstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="2" max="30">5</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="75" max="120">91</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="10" max="40" reference_id="1358">35</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="4" max="12">8</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="20" max="35" reference_id="4005">24</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>100.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </overstory>
        <midstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="20" max="70">40</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="65" max="110" reference_id="1358">81</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="10" max="40" reference_id="1358">25</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="20" max="150">79</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="10" max="25">14</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>95.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>5.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </midstory>
        <understory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="5" max="60">25</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="20">5</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="0" max="5">0</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="50" max="300">150</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="0.5" max="4" reference_id="4005">1</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>90.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </understory>
      </trees>
      <snags>
        <class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="82">2.75507</percent_cover>
          <height_to_crown_base unit="feet" min="0" max="82">54.694</height_to_crown_base>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="22" reference_id="4001">10.1</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="3.5" max="55" reference_id="4005">14.5</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="40" max="120" reference_id="1358">82</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>24.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>76.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
        <class_1_all_others>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </class_1_all_others>
        <class_2>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="15" reference_id="4005">0.8</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="3.5" max="55" reference_id="4005">11.5</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="35" max="120" reference_id="1358">80</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_2>
        <class_3>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="20" reference_id="4005">4</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="3.5" max="55" reference_id="4005">12.1</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="4.5" max="110" reference_id="1358">60</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>30.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>70.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_3>
      </snags>
      <ladder_fuels>
        <minimum_height unit="feet" min="0" max="25" reference_id="1358">7</minimum_height>
        <maximum_height unit="feet" min="8" max="50" reference_id="1358">25</maximum_height>
        <is_vertically_contiguous>1</is_vertically_contiguous>
        <type>2</type>
      </ladder_fuels>
    </canopy>
    <shrubs>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="30" reference_id="4005">3.8</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="1" max="8" reference_id="1358">4</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="30" max="95">75</percent_live>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>25177</tsn>
            <relative_cover>29.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>25331</tsn>
            <relative_cover>18.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>28517</tsn>
            <relative_cover>18.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>24430</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>525080</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>24947</tsn>
            <relative_cover>9.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>25109</tsn>
            <relative_cover>6.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="40" reference_id="4005">6.5</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="0.05" max="0.8" reference_id="4005">0.2</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="60" max="100" reference_id="1358">95</percent_live>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>23503</tsn>
            <relative_cover>91.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>504149</tsn>
            <relative_cover>9.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </secondary_layer>
      <needle_drape>
        <is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>0</is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>
      </needle_drape>
    </shrubs>
    <herbaceous>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="1" max="40" reference_id="4005">8.9</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="0.1" max="3" reference_id="4005">0.7</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="25" max="85" reference_id="1358">65</percent_live>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0.01" max="1">0.1</loading>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>37728</tsn>
            <relative_cover>54.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>503860</tsn>
            <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>35423</tsn>
            <relative_cover>13.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>566019</tsn>
            <relative_cover>4.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>17444</tsn>
            <relative_cover>3.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>20188</tsn>
            <relative_cover>3.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>33534</tsn>
            <relative_cover>2.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>504530</tsn>
            <relative_cover>2.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>845336</tsn>
            <relative_cover>2.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>38455</tsn>
            <relative_cover>2.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="3" max="60" reference_id="4005">34.4</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="0.1" max="2" reference_id="1358">1.2</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="25" max="85" reference_id="1358">65</percent_live>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0.01" max="0.5">0.07</loading>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>504637</tsn>
            <relative_cover>36.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>40540</tsn>
            <relative_cover>28.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>41848</tsn>
            <relative_cover>13.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>40524</tsn>
            <relative_cover>7.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>508133</tsn>
            <relative_cover>4.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>39786</tsn>
            <relative_cover>3.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>40820</tsn>
            <relative_cover>3.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>42262</tsn>
            <relative_cover>3.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>797286</tsn>
            <relative_cover>3.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </secondary_layer>
    </herbaceous>
    <woody_fuel>
      <all_downed_woody_fuel>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="20" max="90" reference_id="1358">50</total_percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.25" max="10">3</depth>
      </all_downed_woody_fuel>
      <sound_wood>
        <loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
          <zero_to_quarter_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="1">0.4</zero_to_quarter_inch>
          <quarter_inch_to_one_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="3" reference_id="4005">0.8</quarter_inch_to_one_inch>
          <one_to_three_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="2" reference_id="4005">0.2</one_to_three_inches>
        </loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="7" reference_id="4005">1.1</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="7" reference_id="4005">2.7</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="20" reference_id="4005">6.3</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
        <all_sound_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>90.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_sound_wood>
      </sound_wood>
      <rotten_wood>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="7.2" reference_id="4005">0.9</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="5" reference_id="4005">0.8</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="15.5">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
        <all_rotten_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>90.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_rotten_wood>
      </rotten_wood>
      <stumps>
        <sound>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="8" reference_id="1358">3</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="10" max="30" reference_id="1358">20</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="4" reference_id="1358">1</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>90.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </sound>
        <rotten>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="12" reference_id="1358">10</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="10" max="40" reference_id="1358">30</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="4" reference_id="1358">1</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>90.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </rotten>
        <lightered_pitchy>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </lightered_pitchy>
      </stumps>
    </woody_fuel>
    <moss_lichen_litter>
      <moss>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="30" reference_id="4005">15.5</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.1" max="2" reference_id="4005">0.1</depth>
        <type>2</type>
      </moss>
      <ground_lichen>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="15" reference_id="4005">7</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.1" max="1.5" reference_id="1358">0.1</depth>
      </ground_lichen>
      <litter>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="20" max="95" reference_id="1358">80</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.1" max="2" reference_id="4005">0.3</depth>
        <arrangement>1</arrangement>
        <litter_type>
          <short_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover/>
          </short_needle_pine>
          <long_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover>35.00</relative_cover>
          </long_needle_pine>
          <other_conifer>
            <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
          </other_conifer>
          <broadleaf_deciduous>
            <relative_cover>5.00</relative_cover>
          </broadleaf_deciduous>
          <broadleaf_evergreen>
            <relative_cover>5.00</relative_cover>
          </broadleaf_evergreen>
          <palm_frond>
            <relative_cover/>
          </palm_frond>
          <grass>
            <relative_cover>5.00</relative_cover>
          </grass>
        </litter_type>
      </litter>
    </moss_lichen_litter>
    <ground_fuel>
      <duff>
        <upper>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="30" max="95" reference_id="1358">85</percent_cover>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0.1" max="1">0.8</depth>
          <derivation>1</derivation>
        </upper>
        <lower>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="30" max="95" reference_id="1358"/>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0.1" max="1.5" reference_id="4005"/>
          <derivation/>
          <loading unit="tons_per_acre"/>
        </lower>
      </duff>
      <basal_accumulation>
        <radius unit="feet" min="0.16" max="2" reference_id="1358">0.41</radius>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.2" max="5" reference_id="1358">2</depth>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre">0.4</number_per_unit_area>
        <type>1</type>
      </basal_accumulation>
      <squirrel_middens>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
      </squirrel_middens>
    </ground_fuel>
  </fuelbed>
</FCCS_file>
