<FCCS_file xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="cash.xsd" schemaVersion="1.4">
  <fuelbed_number>45</fuelbed_number>
  <fuelbed_name>Madrean pine-oak forest</fuelbed_name>
  <fuelbed_description>Madrean mixed pine and oak forests extend north from Mexico to the southern part of New Mexico and Arizona. These forests can be composed of many species of pines and oaks such as Chihuahua pine (Pinus leiophylla), Apache pine (P. engelmannii), southwestern white pine (P. strobiformis), border pinyon (P. discolor), silverleaf oak (Quercus hypoleucoides), netleaf oak (Q. rugosa), Emory oak (Q. emoryi), Arizona white oak (Q. arizonica) and gray oak (Q. grisea). There can also be a subcomponent of juniper, Douglas-fir, and ponderosa pine in these stands. Pine-oak forests occur at elevations between 5,500 and 7,500 feet. This mature stand is about 100 years old, and fire has been excluded for the past 50 years.</fuelbed_description>
  <ecoregion>310,320</ecoregion>
  <vegetation_form>4</vegetation_form>
  <structural_class>1</structural_class>
  <cover_type>148,227</cover_type>
  <change_agent>2,3</change_agent>
  <natural_fire_regime>1</natural_fire_regime>
  <condition_class>2</condition_class>
  <user_name/>
  <address/>
  <affiliation/>
  <phone/>
  <file_owner_email/>
  <notes/>
  <site_photo/>
  <date_collected>2003-09-17</date_collected>
  <fuelbed_confidence>4</fuelbed_confidence>
  <fuelbed>
    <canopy>
      <trees>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="20" max="80" reference_id="508">50</total_percent_cover>
        <overstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="10" max="30" reference_id="508">20</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="18" max="50" reference_id="5066">30</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="5" max="15" reference_id="508">10</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="15" max="50" reference_id="5066">30</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="10" max="18" reference_id="5066">13</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183348</tsn>
              <relative_cover>45.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>194834</tsn>
              <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>822585</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19276</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </overstory>
        <midstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="15" max="70" reference_id="508">40</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="5" max="20" reference_id="5066">10</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="0.5" max="7" reference_id="7000">3</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="35" max="2000">450</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="1" max="8">3</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19328</tsn>
              <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19357</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183348</tsn>
              <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19410</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>194834</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </midstory>
        <understory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="20" max="80" reference_id="508">50</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="2" max="5" reference_id="7047">4</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="0" max="1" reference_id="7000">0</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="500" max="7000" reference_id="7047">1500</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="0.1" max="1" reference_id="5066">0.5</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>194834</tsn>
              <relative_cover>30.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19328</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19357</tsn>
              <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19410</tsn>
              <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183348</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </understory>
      </trees>
      <snags>
        <class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
          <percent_cover unit="number"/>
          <height_to_crown_base unit="feet"/>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
        <class_1_all_others>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </class_1_all_others>
        <class_2>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="3" max="50" reference_id="5066">16</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="7" max="17" reference_id="5066">11</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="20" max="45" reference_id="5066">30</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>60.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>194834</tsn>
              <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_2>
        <class_3>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="3" max="50" reference_id="5066">16</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="7" max="17" reference_id="5066">11</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="15" max="40" reference_id="5066">30</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>60.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>194834</tsn>
              <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_3>
      </snags>
      <ladder_fuels>
        <minimum_height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="7" reference_id="7000">2</minimum_height>
        <maximum_height unit="feet" min="5" max="20" reference_id="5066">10</maximum_height>
        <is_vertically_contiguous>1</is_vertically_contiguous>
        <type>7</type>
      </ladder_fuels>
    </canopy>
    <shrubs>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="5" max="60">15</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="4" max="10" reference_id="5083">6</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="80" max="100" reference_id="7000">95</percent_live>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>19276</tsn>
            <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>23519</tsn>
            <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>42995</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>810319</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <height unit="feet"/>
        <percent_live unit="number"/>
        <species/>
      </secondary_layer>
      <needle_drape>
        <is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>0</is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>
      </needle_drape>
    </shrubs>
    <herbaceous>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="30">10</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="1" max="3" reference_id="5083">2</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="50" max="90" reference_id="7000">80</percent_live>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="1" reference_id="7038">0.1</loading>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>41883</tsn>
            <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>39369</tsn>
            <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>531420</tsn>
            <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <height unit="feet"/>
        <percent_live unit="number"/>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre"/>
        <species/>
      </secondary_layer>
    </herbaceous>
    <woody_fuel>
      <all_downed_woody_fuel>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="2" max="25" reference_id="7000">10</total_percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.5" max="6" reference_id="508">0.8</depth>
      </all_downed_woody_fuel>
      <sound_wood>
        <loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
          <zero_to_quarter_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="1.5" reference_id="7038">0.4</zero_to_quarter_inch>
          <quarter_inch_to_one_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="2.5" reference_id="7038">1</quarter_inch_to_one_inch>
          <one_to_three_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="2" reference_id="7038">1</one_to_three_inches>
        </loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="1" max="45" reference_id="7038">4</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="15" reference_id="7038">1</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0" reference_id="7038">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
        <all_sound_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>194834</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_sound_wood>
      </sound_wood>
      <rotten_wood>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="17" reference_id="7038">3</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="15" reference_id="7038">0.5</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="15" reference_id="7038">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
        <all_rotten_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>194834</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_rotten_wood>
      </rotten_wood>
      <stumps>
        <sound>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="5" reference_id="7000">2</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="7" max="17" reference_id="5066">11</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="1" max="4" reference_id="7000">2</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>194834</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </sound>
        <rotten>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </rotten>
        <lightered_pitchy>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </lightered_pitchy>
      </stumps>
      <piles>
        <clean_loading unit="tons_per_acre">0.068261</clean_loading>
        <dirty_loading unit="tons_per_acre">0.000000</dirty_loading>
        <verydirty_loading unit="tons_per_acre">0.000000</verydirty_loading>
        <pileData>
          <header>pileGroupID,pileGroupName,numPiles,pileType,pileShape,W1,L1,H1,W2,L2,H2,soilPercent,packingRatio,handPileSpecies,species1_TSN,species1_percent,species2_TSN,species2_percent,pileQuality,percentConsumed</header>
          <pileGroups>
            <pileGroup>2,,1,1,5,5.00,5.00,1.50,,,,,,1,,,,,,90</pileGroup>
          </pileGroups>
        </pileData>
      </piles>
    </woody_fuel>
    <moss_lichen_litter>
      <moss>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <type/>
      </moss>
      <ground_lichen>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
      </ground_lichen>
      <litter>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="30" max="80" reference_id="508">50</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.2" max="2">1.5</depth>
        <arrangement>1</arrangement>
        <litter_type>
          <short_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover/>
          </short_needle_pine>
          <long_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
          </long_needle_pine>
          <other_conifer>
            <relative_cover/>
          </other_conifer>
          <broadleaf_deciduous>
            <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
          </broadleaf_deciduous>
          <broadleaf_evergreen>
            <relative_cover/>
          </broadleaf_evergreen>
          <palm_frond>
            <relative_cover/>
          </palm_frond>
          <grass>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </grass>
        </litter_type>
      </litter>
    </moss_lichen_litter>
    <ground_fuel>
      <duff>
        <upper>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="30" max="80" reference_id="1359">30</percent_cover>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0.1" max="5" reference_id="1359">1</depth>
          <derivation>1</derivation>
        </upper>
        <lower>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="30" max="80" reference_id="1359">30</percent_cover>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0.1" max="5" reference_id="1359">0.5</depth>
          <derivation>3</derivation>
        </lower>
      </duff>
      <basal_accumulation>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
        <type/>
      </basal_accumulation>
      <squirrel_middens>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
      </squirrel_middens>
    </ground_fuel>
  </fuelbed>
</FCCS_file>