<FCCS_file xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="cash.xsd" schemaVersion="1.4">
  <fuelbed_number>123</fuelbed_number>
  <fuelbed_name>White oak-northern red oak-black oak-hickory forest</fuelbed_name>
  <fuelbed_description>Found on dissected hills and valleys from about 300 to 600 feet in elevation. This fuelbed includes oak -- hickory forests in the central U.S. (Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas and surrounding areas) and in the east from Georgia into New Hampshire. These forests are second growth and fire has been excluded for at least 40 to 50 years. Fire exclusion favors establishment of red maple and reduces oak regeneration.</fuelbed_description>
  <ecoregion>210,220,230,250</ecoregion>
  <vegetation_form>1</vegetation_form>
  <structural_class>7</structural_class>
  <cover_type>51</cover_type>
  <change_agent>2</change_agent>
  <natural_fire_regime>1</natural_fire_regime>
  <condition_class>3</condition_class>
  <user_name/>
  <address/>
  <affiliation/>
  <phone/>
  <file_owner_email/>
  <notes/>
  <site_photo/>
  <date_collected>2003-09-17</date_collected>
  <fuelbed_confidence>3</fuelbed_confidence>
  <fuelbed>
    <canopy>
      <trees>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="65" max="95" reference_id="5003">85</total_percent_cover>
        <overstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="30" max="80" reference_id="5003">60</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="70" max="130" reference_id="5003">100</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="45" max="100" reference_id="5003">60</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="17" max="50" reference_id="452">35</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="15" max="30" reference_id="452">25</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19290</tsn>
              <relative_cover>45.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19231</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19408</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19447</tsn>
              <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </overstory>
        <midstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="20" max="55" reference_id="5003">40</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="40" max="80" reference_id="5003">60</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="20" max="60" reference_id="5003">40</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="15" max="75" reference_id="452">35</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="9" max="15" reference_id="452">13</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19223</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28728</tsn>
              <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28731</tsn>
              <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </midstory>
        <understory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="15" max="35" reference_id="5003">20</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="5" max="20" reference_id="452">10</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="2.5" max="7" reference_id="5003">4</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="300" max="2200" reference_id="452">500</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="0.8" max="3" reference_id="452">1</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28727</tsn>
              <relative_cover>45.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>27806</tsn>
              <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>32928</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>25782</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </understory>
      </trees>
      <snags>
        <class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
          <percent_cover unit="number"/>
          <height_to_crown_base unit="feet"/>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
        <class_1_all_others>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="50">30</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="4" max="15" reference_id="452">5</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="10" max="85">15</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19276</tsn>
              <relative_cover>65.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19223</tsn>
              <relative_cover>35.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_1_all_others>
        <class_2>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="90">30</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="4" max="15" reference_id="452">5</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="10" max="80">15</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19276</tsn>
              <relative_cover>65.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19223</tsn>
              <relative_cover>35.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_2>
        <class_3>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="90">30</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="4" max="15" reference_id="452">5</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="8" max="40">15</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19276</tsn>
              <relative_cover>65.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19223</tsn>
              <relative_cover>35.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_3>
      </snags>
      <ladder_fuels>
        <minimum_height unit="feet"/>
        <maximum_height unit="feet"/>
        <is_vertically_contiguous/>
        <type/>
      </ladder_fuels>
    </canopy>
    <shrubs>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="15" max="40" reference_id="5003">25</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="8" max="15" reference_id="5003">10</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="80" max="95" reference_id="5003">85</percent_live>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>18147</tsn>
            <relative_cover>35.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>19033</tsn>
            <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>19504</tsn>
            <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>19511</tsn>
            <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="10" max="30" reference_id="5003">20</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="1" max="4" reference_id="5003">2.5</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="80" max="95" reference_id="5003">85</percent_live>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>23571</tsn>
            <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>43340</tsn>
            <relative_cover>30.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>28602</tsn>
            <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </secondary_layer>
      <needle_drape>
        <is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>0</is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>
      </needle_drape>
    </shrubs>
    <herbaceous>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="12" reference_id="5003">5</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="1" max="4" reference_id="5003">3</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="65" max="85" reference_id="5003">70</percent_live>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="2">0.05</loading>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>17675</tsn>
            <relative_cover>35.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>821148</tsn>
            <relative_cover>35.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>22030</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>25812</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>34796</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="5" reference_id="5003">3</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="1.5" reference_id="5003">1</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="65" max="85" reference_id="5003">75</percent_live>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="1">0.01</loading>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>40901</tsn>
            <relative_cover>60.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>39369</tsn>
            <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </secondary_layer>
    </herbaceous>
    <woody_fuel>
      <all_downed_woody_fuel>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="4" max="50" reference_id="5000">25</total_percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="1" max="12" reference_id="5003">2</depth>
      </all_downed_woody_fuel>
      <sound_wood>
        <loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
          <zero_to_quarter_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0.3" max="1.5" reference_id="452">0.6</zero_to_quarter_inch>
          <quarter_inch_to_one_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0.6" max="2.3" reference_id="452">1.2</quarter_inch_to_one_inch>
          <one_to_three_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0.9" max="2.4" reference_id="452">1.6</one_to_three_inches>
        </loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0.4" max="11" reference_id="452">1.5</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="12" reference_id="452">1.8</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="3" reference_id="452">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
        <all_sound_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19276</tsn>
              <relative_cover>60.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19223</tsn>
              <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_sound_wood>
      </sound_wood>
      <rotten_wood>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0.1" max="1.5" reference_id="452">0.8</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0.7" reference_id="452">0</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0.5" reference_id="452">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
        <all_rotten_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19276</tsn>
              <relative_cover>60.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19223</tsn>
              <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_rotten_wood>
      </rotten_wood>
      <stumps>
        <sound>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </sound>
        <rotten>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="30" max="110" reference_id="5014">80</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="5" max="15" reference_id="5014">10</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="0.1" max="1" reference_id="5000">0.5</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19276</tsn>
              <relative_cover>75.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19223</tsn>
              <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </rotten>
        <lightered_pitchy>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </lightered_pitchy>
      </stumps>
      <piles>
        <clean_loading unit="tons_per_acre">1.764912</clean_loading>
        <dirty_loading unit="tons_per_acre">0.000000</dirty_loading>
        <verydirty_loading unit="tons_per_acre">0.000000</verydirty_loading>
        <pileData>
          <header>pileGroupID,pileGroupName,numPiles,pileType,pileShape,W1,L1,H1,W2,L2,H2,soilPercent,packingRatio,handPileSpecies,species1_TSN,species1_percent,species2_TSN,species2_percent,pileQuality,percentConsumed</header>
          <pileGroups>
            <pileGroup>2,,5,1,5,10.00,15.00,3.00,,,,,,1,,,,,,90</pileGroup>
          </pileGroups>
        </pileData>
      </piles>
    </woody_fuel>
    <moss_lichen_litter>
      <moss>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <type/>
      </moss>
      <ground_lichen>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
      </ground_lichen>
      <litter>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="75" max="100" reference_id="5003">85</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="15" reference_id="5003">4</depth>
        <arrangement>2</arrangement>
        <litter_type>
          <short_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover>0.50</relative_cover>
          </short_needle_pine>
          <long_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover>0.50</relative_cover>
          </long_needle_pine>
          <other_conifer>
            <relative_cover/>
          </other_conifer>
          <broadleaf_deciduous>
            <relative_cover>98.00</relative_cover>
          </broadleaf_deciduous>
          <broadleaf_evergreen>
            <relative_cover/>
          </broadleaf_evergreen>
          <palm_frond>
            <relative_cover/>
          </palm_frond>
          <grass>
            <relative_cover>1.00</relative_cover>
          </grass>
        </litter_type>
      </litter>
    </moss_lichen_litter>
    <ground_fuel>
      <duff>
        <upper>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="70" max="100" reference_id="5003">85</percent_cover>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="4" reference_id="5003">0.7</depth>
          <derivation>1</derivation>
        </upper>
        <lower>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="70" max="100" reference_id="5003"/>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="4" reference_id="5003"/>
          <derivation/>
          <loading unit="tons_per_acre"/>
        </lower>
      </duff>
      <basal_accumulation>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
        <type/>
      </basal_accumulation>
      <squirrel_middens>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
      </squirrel_middens>
    </ground_fuel>
  </fuelbed>
</FCCS_file>