<?xml version="1.0"?>
<FCCS_file xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="cash.xsd" schemaVersion="1.4">
  <fuelbed_number>270</fuelbed_number>
  <fuelbed_name>Red spruce-Fraser fir/rhododendron forest</fuelbed_name>
  <fuelbed_description>High elevation (above 4,500 feet) conifer forest in the southern Appalachian mountains occurring in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Dominated by red spruce and Fraser fir with a variable deciduous canopy component depending on elevation. Red spruce dominates at the lower end of the elevation range, while Fraser fir dominates the upper end of the elevation range. Dense evergreen shrub stratum. The balsam woolly adelgid has affected much of this forest type, killing mature Fraser fir trees.</fuelbed_description>
  <ecoregion>220,230</ecoregion>
  <vegetation_form>2</vegetation_form>
  <structural_class>1</structural_class>
  <cover_type>25</cover_type>
  <change_agent>5,17</change_agent>
  <natural_fire_regime>5</natural_fire_regime>
  <condition_class>3</condition_class>
  <user_name/>
  <address/>
  <affiliation/>
  <phone/>
  <file_owner_email/>
  <notes/>
  <site_photo/>
  <date_collected>2003-09-17</date_collected>
  <fuelbed_confidence>3</fuelbed_confidence>
  <fuelbed>
    <canopy>
      <trees>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="50" max="100">80</total_percent_cover>
        <overstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="15" max="90" reference_id="5088">45</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="50" max="75" reference_id="4013">65</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="10" max="50">40</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="21" max="311" reference_id="5066">157</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="9.5" max="13.4" reference_id="5066">11</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>18034</tsn>
              <relative_cover>80.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181829</tsn>
              <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183397</tsn>
              <relative_cover>5.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </overstory>
        <midstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="40" reference_id="5088">25</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="30" max="60" reference_id="4013">40</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="5" max="30">20</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="60" max="391">200</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="2" max="6.2" reference_id="5066">4</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19481</tsn>
              <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>25319</tsn>
              <relative_cover>30.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>28758</tsn>
              <relative_cover>30.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </midstory>
        <understory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="10" max="50" reference_id="5088">25</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="3" max="20">8</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="0.25" max="5">2</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="60" max="900" reference_id="5066">383</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="1" max="2" reference_id="5066">1.5</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181829</tsn>
              <relative_cover>45.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>18034</tsn>
              <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19481</tsn>
              <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>25319</tsn>
              <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </understory>
      </trees>
      <snags>
        <class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="50">2.0284</percent_cover>
          <height_to_crown_base unit="feet" min="0" max="50">33.35</height_to_crown_base>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="30" reference_id="5086">20</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="2.5" max="4.5" reference_id="5086">3.5</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="30" max="60">50</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181829</tsn>
              <relative_cover>100.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
        <class_1_all_others>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="75" reference_id="5086">55</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="6.5" max="13" reference_id="5086">10.5</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="30" max="55">40</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19481</tsn>
              <relative_cover>100.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_1_all_others>
        <class_2>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="200" reference_id="5086">100</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="5" max="8.5" reference_id="5086">6.5</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="20" max="50">35</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181829</tsn>
              <relative_cover>100.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_2>
        <class_3>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="200" reference_id="5086">100</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="5" max="8.5" reference_id="5086">6.5</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="10" max="45">30</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181829</tsn>
              <relative_cover>100.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_3>
      </snags>
      <ladder_fuels>
        <minimum_height unit="feet" min="2.5" max="25" reference_id="5000">10</minimum_height>
        <maximum_height unit="feet" min="50" max="75" reference_id="4013">65</maximum_height>
        <is_vertically_contiguous>1</is_vertically_contiguous>
        <type>2</type>
      </ladder_fuels>
    </canopy>
    <shrubs>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="50" max="100">75</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="4" max="12" reference_id="4013">6.5</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="80" max="100" reference_id="5000">90</percent_live>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>23714</tsn>
            <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>894554</tsn>
            <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>23721</tsn>
            <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <height unit="feet"/>
        <percent_live unit="number"/>
        <species/>
      </secondary_layer>
      <needle_drape>
        <is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>0</is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>
      </needle_drape>
    </shrubs>
    <herbaceous>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="20" reference_id="5088">10</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="1.5" max="3.5" reference_id="4013">2</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="50" max="90" reference_id="5000">70</percent_live>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="2">0.05</loading>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>17413</tsn>
            <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>17527</tsn>
            <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="10" reference_id="5088">5</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="0" max="0.5" reference_id="4013">0.25</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="0" max="80" reference_id="5000">60</percent_live>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="1">0.05</loading>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>29090</tsn>
            <relative_cover>100.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </secondary_layer>
    </herbaceous>
    <woody_fuel>
      <all_downed_woody_fuel>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="40" max="85">60</total_percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="1" max="10">3</depth>
      </all_downed_woody_fuel>
      <sound_wood>
        <loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
          <zero_to_quarter_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="2" reference_id="453">0.8</zero_to_quarter_inch>
          <quarter_inch_to_one_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="2.5" reference_id="453">1.4</quarter_inch_to_one_inch>
          <one_to_three_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="2.5" reference_id="453">1.5</one_to_three_inches>
        </loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="2" max="35" reference_id="453">15</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="2" max="35" reference_id="453">12</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0" reference_id="5000">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
        <all_sound_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181829</tsn>
              <relative_cover>90.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>18034</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_sound_wood>
      </sound_wood>
      <rotten_wood>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="5" reference_id="453">2</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="5" reference_id="453">2</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0" reference_id="5000">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
        <all_rotten_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181829</tsn>
              <relative_cover>90.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19481</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_rotten_wood>
      </rotten_wood>
      <stumps>
        <sound>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </sound>
        <rotten>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </rotten>
        <lightered_pitchy>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </lightered_pitchy>
      </stumps>
      <piles>
        <clean_loading unit="tons_per_acre">0.440517</clean_loading>
        <dirty_loading unit="tons_per_acre">0.000000</dirty_loading>
        <verydirty_loading unit="tons_per_acre">0.000000</verydirty_loading>
        <pileData>
          <header>pileGroupID,pileGroupName,numPiles,pileType,pileShape,W1,L1,H1,W2,L2,H2,soilPercent,packingRatio,handPileSpecies,species1_TSN,species1_percent,species2_TSN,species2_percent,pileQuality,percentConsumed</header>
          <pileGroups>
            <pileGroup>2,,2,1,5,8.00,15.00,4.00,,,,,,2,,,,,,90</pileGroup>
          </pileGroups>
        </pileData>
      </piles>
    </woody_fuel>
    <moss_lichen_litter>
      <moss>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="20" max="60" reference_id="5090">40</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="1" max="6">3</depth>
        <type>2</type>
      </moss>
      <ground_lichen>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
      </ground_lichen>
      <litter>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="70" max="99" reference_id="5090">80</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.5" max="2">1</depth>
        <arrangement>1</arrangement>
        <litter_type>
          <short_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover/>
          </short_needle_pine>
          <long_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover/>
          </long_needle_pine>
          <other_conifer>
            <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
          </other_conifer>
          <broadleaf_deciduous>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </broadleaf_deciduous>
          <broadleaf_evergreen>
            <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
          </broadleaf_evergreen>
          <palm_frond>
            <relative_cover/>
          </palm_frond>
          <grass>
            <relative_cover/>
          </grass>
        </litter_type>
      </litter>
    </moss_lichen_litter>
    <ground_fuel>
      <duff>
        <upper>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="70" max="99">80</percent_cover>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="2">1</depth>
          <derivation>1</derivation>
        </upper>
        <lower>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="70" max="99"/>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="2"/>
          <derivation/>
          <loading unit="tons_per_acre"/>
        </lower>
      </duff>
      <basal_accumulation>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
        <type/>
      </basal_accumulation>
      <squirrel_middens>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
      </squirrel_middens>
    </ground_fuel>
  </fuelbed>
</FCCS_file>
