<FCCS_file xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="cash.xsd" schemaVersion="1.4">
  <fuelbed_number>273</fuelbed_number>
  <fuelbed_name>Engelmann spruce-Douglas-fir-white fir-ponderosa pine forest</fuelbed_name>
  <fuelbed_description>Ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, and Engelmann spruce are found in small patches throughout the montane zone in the mixed conifer forests of the U.S. Rocky Mountains and the Southwest, as well as the Grand Canyon area. Grand fir is a common component of these stands in the northern Rocky Mountains, and white fir in the Southwest. These stands are usually located at elevations above 5,000 feet. The fuel density in this mature stand has increased due to fire exclusion, creating hazardous fuel conditions.</fuelbed_description>
  <ecoregion>310,320,330,340</ecoregion>
  <vegetation_form>2</vegetation_form>
  <structural_class>1</structural_class>
  <cover_type>113,118,119,144</cover_type>
  <change_agent>2</change_agent>
  <natural_fire_regime>3</natural_fire_regime>
  <condition_class>2</condition_class>
  <user_name/>
  <address/>
  <affiliation/>
  <phone/>
  <file_owner_email/>
  <notes/>
  <site_photo/>
  <date_collected>2003-09-17</date_collected>
  <fuelbed_confidence>4</fuelbed_confidence>
  <fuelbed>
    <canopy>
      <trees>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="35" max="65" reference_id="7033">50</total_percent_cover>
        <overstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="10" max="40" reference_id="7000">20</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="70" max="125">100</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="25" max="55" reference_id="317">40</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="4" max="90">30</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="14" max="34">25</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183291</tsn>
              <relative_cover>30.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>30.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181826</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </overstory>
        <midstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="10" max="60" reference_id="7000">40</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="40" max="70">60</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="20" max="40" reference_id="317">30</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="14" max="255">110</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="8" max="17">12</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183291</tsn>
              <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>195773</tsn>
              <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181826</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>5.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </midstory>
        <understory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="5" max="40" reference_id="7033">25</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="1" max="10">5</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="0" max="2">0</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="1000" max="15000">4500</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="0.5" max="5">2</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181826</tsn>
              <relative_cover>35.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183424</tsn>
              <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183291</tsn>
              <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>195773</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </understory>
      </trees>
      <snags>
        <class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="60">1.75254</percent_cover>
          <height_to_crown_base unit="feet" min="0" max="60">40.02</height_to_crown_base>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="1" max="30">12</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="5" max="20">12</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="25" max="100">60</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183291</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181826</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
        <class_1_all_others>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </class_1_all_others>
        <class_2>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="1" max="350">80</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="5" max="22">12</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="20" max="80">50</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>195773</tsn>
              <relative_cover>60.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181826</tsn>
              <relative_cover>40.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_2>
        <class_3>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="1" max="45">13</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="5" max="26">14</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="15" max="70">45</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183291</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183365</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_3>
      </snags>
      <ladder_fuels>
        <minimum_height unit="feet" min="0" max="20" reference_id="7000">5</minimum_height>
        <maximum_height unit="feet" min="0" max="100" reference_id="7000">50</maximum_height>
        <is_vertically_contiguous>1</is_vertically_contiguous>
        <type>2</type>
      </ladder_fuels>
    </canopy>
    <shrubs>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="15" reference_id="4003">5</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="4" max="10">7</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="90" max="100">95</percent_live>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>194820</tsn>
            <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>26196</tsn>
            <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>35338</tsn>
            <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>18832</tsn>
            <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <height unit="feet"/>
        <percent_live unit="number"/>
        <species/>
      </secondary_layer>
      <needle_drape>
        <is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>0</is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>
      </needle_drape>
    </shrubs>
    <herbaceous>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="10">3</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="1" max="4">2</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="90" max="100">95</percent_live>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0.5">0.02</loading>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>29532</tsn>
            <relative_cover>30.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>24641</tsn>
            <relative_cover>30.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>17224</tsn>
            <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>35803</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>35423</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="20">8</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="3">1</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="85" max="100">95</percent_live>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="1">0.05</loading>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>39369</tsn>
            <relative_cover>80.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>504467</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>40478</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </secondary_layer>
    </herbaceous>
    <woody_fuel>
      <all_downed_woody_fuel>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="10" max="90" reference_id="459">65</total_percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.5" max="14" reference_id="459">3</depth>
      </all_downed_woody_fuel>
      <sound_wood>
        <loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
          <zero_to_quarter_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="1.5">0.25</zero_to_quarter_inch>
          <quarter_inch_to_one_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0.5" max="3">1.5</quarter_inch_to_one_inch>
          <one_to_three_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="1" max="7">3</one_to_three_inches>
        </loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="2" max="10" reference_id="459">5</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="25" reference_id="4003">4.5</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="3" reference_id="4003">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
        <all_sound_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183291</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181826</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_sound_wood>
      </sound_wood>
      <rotten_wood>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="8" reference_id="459">1</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="15" reference_id="459">1.5</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="18" reference_id="459">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
        <all_rotten_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183291</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>181826</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_rotten_wood>
      </rotten_wood>
      <stumps>
        <sound>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="5" reference_id="7000">2</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="6" max="30" reference_id="7000">12</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="4.5" reference_id="7000">2</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183291</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183327</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </sound>
        <rotten>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="25" reference_id="7000">8</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="6" max="30" reference_id="7000">12</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="4.5" reference_id="7000">2</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183291</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183327</tsn>
              <relative_cover>50.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </rotten>
        <lightered_pitchy>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </lightered_pitchy>
      </stumps>
      <piles>
        <clean_loading unit="tons_per_acre">0.078119</clean_loading>
        <dirty_loading unit="tons_per_acre">0.000000</dirty_loading>
        <verydirty_loading unit="tons_per_acre">0.000000</verydirty_loading>
        <pileData>
          <header>pileGroupID,pileGroupName,numPiles,pileType,pileShape,W1,L1,H1,W2,L2,H2,soilPercent,packingRatio,handPileSpecies,species1_TSN,species1_percent,species2_TSN,species2_percent,pileQuality,percentConsumed</header>
          <pileGroups>
            <pileGroup>2,,3,1,5,4.00,6.00,2.50,,,,,,2,,,,,,90</pileGroup>
          </pileGroups>
        </pileData>
      </piles>
    </woody_fuel>
    <moss_lichen_litter>
      <moss>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="5">1</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="0.3" reference_id="7000">0.1</depth>
        <type>2</type>
      </moss>
      <ground_lichen>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="2" reference_id="4003">0.25</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="0.3" reference_id="7000">0.1</depth>
      </ground_lichen>
      <litter>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="25" max="75" reference_id="4003">50</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.5" max="2">1</depth>
        <arrangement>1</arrangement>
        <litter_type>
          <short_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover/>
          </short_needle_pine>
          <long_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
          </long_needle_pine>
          <other_conifer>
            <relative_cover>60.00</relative_cover>
          </other_conifer>
          <broadleaf_deciduous>
            <relative_cover>15.00</relative_cover>
          </broadleaf_deciduous>
          <broadleaf_evergreen>
            <relative_cover/>
          </broadleaf_evergreen>
          <palm_frond>
            <relative_cover/>
          </palm_frond>
          <grass>
            <relative_cover>5.00</relative_cover>
          </grass>
        </litter_type>
      </litter>
    </moss_lichen_litter>
    <ground_fuel>
      <duff>
        <upper>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="50" max="100" reference_id="7000">80</percent_cover>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0.25" max="1.5" reference_id="4003">1.6</depth>
          <derivation>1</derivation>
        </upper>
        <lower>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="50" max="100"/>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0.25" max="1.5" reference_id="4003"/>
          <derivation/>
          <loading unit="tons_per_acre"/>
        </lower>
      </duff>
      <basal_accumulation>
        <radius unit="feet" min="0" max="1" reference_id="7000">0.5</radius>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="6" reference_id="7000">2</depth>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre">6</number_per_unit_area>
        <type>2</type>
      </basal_accumulation>
      <squirrel_middens>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
      </squirrel_middens>
    </ground_fuel>
  </fuelbed>
</FCCS_file>