<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FCCS_file xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" schemaVersion="1.4" xsi:schemaLocation="conf\\us.fed.fs.fera.fccs.xsd">
  <fuelbed_number>408</fuelbed_number>
  <fuelbed_name>Quaking aspen-bur oak forest</fuelbed_name>
  <fuelbed_description>Eastern great plains aspen parkland. Occurs in northwestern Minnesota and adjacent Canada (Manitoba). Stands are open woodlands to forests dominated by quaking aspen. There is often a moderately dense shrub layer and a component of tallgrass species in the nonwoody stratum. Fire exclusion in this vegetation type has allowed trees and shrubs to become dominant, while the tallgrass herbaceous layer has become less important. </fuelbed_description>
  <ecoregion>210,220,230,250</ecoregion>
  <vegetation_form>1</vegetation_form>
  <structural_class>4</structural_class>
  <cover_type>20</cover_type>
  <change_agent>2,18</change_agent>
  <natural_fire_regime>2</natural_fire_regime>
  <condition_class>1</condition_class>
  <user_name/>
  <address/>
  <affiliation/>
  <phone/>
  <file_owner_email/>
  <notes>Created from FCCS 142 for EVT 2331. Reduced canopy cover, density, height, dbh. Reduced snag density, height, dbh. Altered shrub and nonwoody cover and height. Changed canopy, snag, shrub, nonwoody, woody composition. Changed litter type to 100% BLD. Removed jackpots and reduced duff cover/depth. Based changes on EVT description, association descriptions in NatureServe and Su and Bork, 2007. Characterization of diverse plant communities in Aspen Parkland rangeland using LiDAR data. Used the estimates of height, density and cover from field plots from that study.</notes>
  <date_collected>Sep 19, 2011</date_collected>
  <fuelbed_confidence/>
  <fuelbed>
    <canopy>
      <trees>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="25" max="60">40</total_percent_cover>
        <overstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="60">35</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="25" max="65">31</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="5" max="45">10</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="100" max="600">200</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="6" max="11">6</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>195773</tsn>
              <relative_cover>75</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19287</tsn>
              <relative_cover>25</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </overstory>
        <midstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="60">15</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="10" max="40">18</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="5" max="20">5</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="400" max="1100">50</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="3.5" max="6">5</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>195773</tsn>
              <relative_cover>70.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19489</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20.00</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19287</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </midstory>
        <understory>
          <percent_cover unit="number"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet"/>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches"/>
          <species/>
        </understory>
      </trees>
      <snags>
        <class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
          <percent_cover unit="number"/>
          <height_to_crown_base unit="feet"/>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
        <class_1_all_others>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="100">2</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="4.5" max="11">6</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="30" max="60">30</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>195773</tsn>
              <relative_cover>100</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_1_all_others>
        <class_2>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="200">2</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="4.5" max="11">5</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="30" max="60">30</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>195773</tsn>
              <relative_cover>100</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_2>
        <class_3>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="100">2</stem_density>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="4.5" max="11">4</diameter>
          <height unit="feet" min="20" max="50">25</height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>195773</tsn>
              <relative_cover>100</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </class_3>
      </snags>
      <ladder_fuels>
        <minimum_height unit="feet"/>
        <maximum_height unit="feet"/>
        <is_vertically_contiguous/>
        <type/>
      </ladder_fuels>
    </canopy>
    <shrubs>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="10" max="40">40</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="7">5</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="60" max="90">80</percent_live>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>19505</tsn>
            <relative_cover>30.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>22476</tsn>
            <relative_cover>30.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>25108</tsn>
            <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>24848</tsn>
            <relative_cover>10</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>24807</tsn>
            <relative_cover>5</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <height unit="feet"/>
        <percent_live unit="number"/>
        <species/>
      </secondary_layer>
      <needle_drape>
        <is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>0</is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>
      </needle_drape>
    </shrubs>
    <herbaceous>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="5" max="30">30</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="1.5">1</height>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0.2">0.14</loading>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="60" max="100">90</percent_live>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>40462</tsn>
            <relative_cover>50</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>42102</tsn>
            <relative_cover>25</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>40529</tsn>
            <relative_cover>25.00</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <height unit="feet"/>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre"/>
        <percent_live unit="number"/>
        <species/>
      </secondary_layer>
    </herbaceous>
    <woody_fuel>
      <all_downed_woody_fuel>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="5" max="50">15</total_percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="3">0.5</depth>
      </all_downed_woody_fuel>
      <sound_wood>
        <all_sound_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19287</tsn>
              <relative_cover>30</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>195773</tsn>
              <relative_cover>70</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_sound_wood>
        <loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
          <zero_to_quarter_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="2">0.2</zero_to_quarter_inch>
          <quarter_inch_to_one_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="2">0.5</quarter_inch_to_one_inch>
          <one_to_three_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="10">1</one_to_three_inches>
        </loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="10">1.5</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="1">0</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
      </sound_wood>
      <rotten_wood>
        <all_rotten_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19287</tsn>
              <relative_cover>30</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>195773</tsn>
              <relative_cover>70</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_rotten_wood>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="5">1</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="1">0</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
      </rotten_wood>
      <stumps>
        <sound>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </sound>
        <rotten>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </rotten>
        <lightered_pitchy>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </lightered_pitchy>
      </stumps>
    </woody_fuel>
    <moss_lichen_litter>
      <moss>
        <type/>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
      </moss>
      <ground_lichen>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
      </ground_lichen>
      <litter>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="50" max="90">40</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="2">0.5</depth>
        <arrangement>1</arrangement>
        <litter_type>
          <short_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover/>
          </short_needle_pine>
          <long_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover/>
          </long_needle_pine>
          <other_conifer>
            <relative_cover/>
          </other_conifer>
          <broadleaf_deciduous>
            <relative_cover>100.0</relative_cover>
          </broadleaf_deciduous>
          <broadleaf_evergreen>
            <relative_cover/>
          </broadleaf_evergreen>
          <palm_frond>
            <relative_cover/>
          </palm_frond>
          <grass>
            <relative_cover/>
          </grass>
        </litter_type>
      </litter>
    </moss_lichen_litter>
    <ground_fuel>
      <duff>
        <upper>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="2">0.5</depth>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="50" max="100">30</percent_cover>
          <derivation>1</derivation>
        </upper>
        <lower>
          <depth unit="inches"/>
          <percent_cover unit="number"/>
          <derivation/>
        </lower>
      </duff>
      <squirrel_middens>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
      </squirrel_middens>
      <basal_accumulation>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
        <type/>
      </basal_accumulation>
    </ground_fuel>
  </fuelbed>
</FCCS_file>
