<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FCCS_file xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="cash.xsd" schemaVersion="1.4">
  <fuelbed_number>459</fuelbed_number>
  <fuelbed_name>Northern oak forest</fuelbed_name>
  <fuelbed_description>Laurentian oak barrens occur in the Great Lakes region on dry soils. The canopy is dominated by pin oak with scattered pines. Shrub layer is sparse. Herbaceous layer is dominated by grasses and sedges. </fuelbed_description>
  <ecoregion>210,220,250</ecoregion>
  <vegetation_form>5</vegetation_form>
  <structural_class>4</structural_class>
  <cover_type>43</cover_type>
  <change_agent>18</change_agent>
  <natural_fire_regime>1</natural_fire_regime>
  <condition_class>1</condition_class>
  <user_name/>
  <address/>
  <affiliation/>
  <phone/>
  <file_owner_email/>
  <notes>Used FB 147 as base. Altered fuelbed based on NatureServe description and BpS 14071 Class D (65% of land area). Decreased pine percentage compared to 460.</notes>
  <site_photo/>
  <date_collected>2003-09-17</date_collected>
  <fuelbed_confidence>3</fuelbed_confidence>
  <fuelbed>
    <canopy>
      <trees>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="10" max="45">40</total_percent_cover>
        <overstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="5" max="35" reference_id="5007">40</percent_cover>
          <height unit="feet" min="20" max="31" reference_id="5007">70</height>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="1" max="7.6" reference_id="5007">20</height_to_live_crown>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="35" max="200" reference_id="5007">50</stem_density>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="5.5" max="10" reference_id="5007">20</diameter_at_breast_height>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183319</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>183375</tsn>
              <relative_cover>10</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19327</tsn>
              <relative_cover>80</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </overstory>
        <midstory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="30"/>
          <height unit="feet" min="8" max="14" reference_id="5007"/>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="1" max="7" reference_id="5007"/>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="50"/>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="2.5" max="4" reference_id="5007"/>
          <species/>
        </midstory>
        <understory>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="30"/>
          <height unit="feet" min="4" max="8" reference_id="5007"/>
          <height_to_live_crown unit="feet" min="0.5" max="2" reference_id="5007"/>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="700"/>
          <diameter_at_breast_height unit="inches" min="0" max="1.2" reference_id="5007"/>
          <species/>
        </understory>
      </trees>
      <snags>
        <class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="19"/>
          <height_to_crown_base unit="feet" min="0" max="19"/>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="50"/>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="4.5" max="10.2"/>
          <height unit="feet" min="15.5" max="31"/>
          <species/>
        </class_1_conifers_with_foliage>
        <class_1_all_others>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </class_1_all_others>
        <class_2>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="50"/>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="4.5" max="10.2"/>
          <height unit="feet" min="15.5" max="31"/>
          <species/>
        </class_2>
        <class_3>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre" min="0" max="50"/>
          <diameter unit="inches" min="3" max="8" reference_id="5000"/>
          <height unit="feet" min="4.5" max="15"/>
          <species/>
        </class_3>
      </snags>
      <ladder_fuels>
        <minimum_height unit="feet"/>
        <maximum_height unit="feet"/>
        <is_vertically_contiguous/>
        <type/>
      </ladder_fuels>
    </canopy>
    <shrubs>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="20" max="35" reference_id="5007">20</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="1" reference_id="5007">0.8</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="65" max="100" reference_id="5000">90</percent_live>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>23579</tsn>
            <relative_cover>50</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>19507</tsn>
            <relative_cover>50</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number"/>
        <height unit="feet"/>
        <percent_live unit="number"/>
        <species/>
      </secondary_layer>
      <needle_drape>
        <is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>0</is_sufficient_to_affect_fire_behavior>
      </needle_drape>
    </shrubs>
    <herbaceous>
      <primary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="10" max="95" reference_id="5007">60</percent_cover>
        <height unit="feet" min="0.5" max="1.5">1</height>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="0" max="100" reference_id="5000">90</percent_live>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="4">0.35</loading>
        <species>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>40462</tsn>
            <relative_cover>40</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>39749</tsn>
            <relative_cover>20</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
          <species_description>
            <tsn>42076</tsn>
            <relative_cover>40</relative_cover>
          </species_description>
        </species>
      </primary_layer>
      <secondary_layer>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="0" max="20"/>
        <height unit="feet" min="0" max="0.5" reference_id="5007"/>
        <percent_live unit="number" min="0" max="100" reference_id="5000"/>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="1"/>
        <species/>
      </secondary_layer>
    </herbaceous>
    <woody_fuel>
      <all_downed_woody_fuel>
        <total_percent_cover unit="number" min="1" max="20" reference_id="5000">5</total_percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0" max="1" reference_id="5000">0.3</depth>
      </all_downed_woody_fuel>
      <sound_wood>
        <loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
          <zero_to_quarter_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0.1" max="0.3" reference_id="5007">0.1</zero_to_quarter_inch>
          <quarter_inch_to_one_inch unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0.2" reference_id="5007">0.1</quarter_inch_to_one_inch>
          <one_to_three_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0.1" max="0.3" reference_id="5007">0.1</one_to_three_inches>
        </loadings_zero_to_three_inches>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0.1" max="0.6" reference_id="5007">0.3</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0" reference_id="5007">0</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0" reference_id="5007">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
        <all_sound_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19327</tsn>
              <relative_cover>80</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>18035</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_sound_wood>
      </sound_wood>
      <rotten_wood>
        <loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
          <three_to_nine_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0.6" reference_id="5007">0</three_to_nine_inches>
          <nine_to_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0" reference_id="5007">0</nine_to_twenty_inches>
          <greater_than_twenty_inches unit="tons_per_acre" min="0" max="0" reference_id="5007">0</greater_than_twenty_inches>
        </loadings_greater_than_three_inches>
        <all_rotten_wood>
          <species>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>18035</tsn>
              <relative_cover>20</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
            <species_description>
              <tsn>19327</tsn>
              <relative_cover>80</relative_cover>
            </species_description>
          </species>
        </all_rotten_wood>
      </rotten_wood>
      <stumps>
        <sound>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </sound>
        <rotten>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </rotten>
        <lightered_pitchy>
          <stem_density unit="number_per_acre"/>
          <diameter unit="inches"/>
          <height unit="feet"/>
          <species/>
        </lightered_pitchy>
      </stumps>
    </woody_fuel>
    <moss_lichen_litter>
      <moss>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="1" max="70" reference_id="5000"/>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.2" max="1.8" reference_id="5007"/>
        <type/>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre"/>
      </moss>
      <ground_lichen>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="1" max="70" reference_id="5000"/>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.2" max="1.8" reference_id="5007"/>
        <loading unit="tons_per_acre"/>
      </ground_lichen>
      <litter>
        <percent_cover unit="number" min="30" max="99" reference_id="5007">80</percent_cover>
        <depth unit="inches" min="0.2" max="1" reference_id="5007">0.5</depth>
        <arrangement>1</arrangement>
        <litter_type>
          <short_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover>10</relative_cover>
          </short_needle_pine>
          <long_needle_pine>
            <relative_cover>0</relative_cover>
          </long_needle_pine>
          <other_conifer>
            <relative_cover>0</relative_cover>
          </other_conifer>
          <broadleaf_deciduous>
            <relative_cover>35</relative_cover>
          </broadleaf_deciduous>
          <broadleaf_evergreen>
            <relative_cover>0</relative_cover>
          </broadleaf_evergreen>
          <palm_frond>
            <relative_cover>0</relative_cover>
          </palm_frond>
          <grass>
            <relative_cover>55</relative_cover>
          </grass>
        </litter_type>
      </litter>
    </moss_lichen_litter>
    <ground_fuel>
      <duff>
        <upper>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="45" max="90" reference_id="5007">70</percent_cover>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0.1" max="0.6" reference_id="5007">0.4</depth>
          <derivation>1</derivation>
        </upper>
        <lower>
          <percent_cover unit="number" min="45" max="90" reference_id="5007"/>
          <depth unit="inches" min="0.1" max="0.6" reference_id="5007"/>
          <derivation/>
          <loading unit="tons_per_acre"/>
        </lower>
      </duff>
      <basal_accumulation>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
        <type/>
      </basal_accumulation>
      <squirrel_middens>
        <depth unit="inches"/>
        <number_per_unit_area unit="number_per_acre"/>
        <radius unit="feet"/>
      </squirrel_middens>
    </ground_fuel>
  </fuelbed>
</FCCS_file>
