{"id":141,"date":"2022-08-30T16:25:16","date_gmt":"2022-08-30T23:25:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/?page_id=141"},"modified":"2026-04-01T15:30:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T22:30:40","slug":"what-is-cardiovascular-health","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/about\/what-is-cardiovascular-health\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Cardiovascular Health?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Cardiovascular Diseases<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths- 85% of these deaths were due to heart attack and stroke.<\/li>\n<li>Over 3\/4 of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries.<\/li>\n<li>Out of the 17 million premature deaths (under the age of 70) due to noncommunicable diseases in 2019, 38% were caused by CVDs.<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--hover-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"1\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141-1\">1<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141-1\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_146\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-146\" style=\"width: 1600px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/CVD_Deaths_percent.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-146 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/CVD_Deaths_percent.jpg\" alt=\"Cardiovascular diseases. Percent of total deaths graphic\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/CVD_Deaths_percent.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/CVD_Deaths_percent-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/CVD_Deaths_percent-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/CVD_Deaths_percent-768x583.jpg 768w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/CVD_Deaths_percent-1536x1165.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/CVD_Deaths_percent-375x285.jpg 375w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/CVD_Deaths_percent-1200x911.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-146\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cardiovascular diseases. Percent of total deaths. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Rheumatic Heart Disease<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Rheumatic heart disease is the most acquired heart disease in people under age 25. It most commonly occurs in childhood and can lead to death or life-long disability. Rheumatic heart disease can be prevented by preventing streptococcal infections or treating them with antibiotics when they do occur. Rheumatic heart disease claims over 288 348 lives each year &#8211; the large majority in low- or middle-income countries.<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--hover-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"2\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141-2\">2<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141-2\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/rheumatic-heart-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rheumatic heart disease<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>On May 25, 2018 member states of the WHO passed a resolution on Rheumatic Fever (RF)\/Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) at the World Health Assembly. The resolution marks the first time that RF\/RHD has been recognized as a global health priority on the world stage.<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--hover-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"3\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141-3\">3<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141-3\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article\/39\/48\/4233\/5253954\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WHO Resolution on rheumatic heart disease<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_150\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-150\" style=\"width: 1600px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RHD_YLD_graphic.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-150 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RHD_YLD_graphic.jpg\" alt=\"Rheumatic Heart Disease YLDs per 100.000 graphic\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RHD_YLD_graphic.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RHD_YLD_graphic-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RHD_YLD_graphic-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RHD_YLD_graphic-768x583.jpg 768w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RHD_YLD_graphic-1536x1165.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RHD_YLD_graphic-375x285.jpg 375w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/RHD_YLD_graphic-1200x911.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-150\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rheumatic heart disease YLDs per 100.000 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>CVD and the SDGs<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_156\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-156\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"figure figure-caption wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-156 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/SDG-3-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"SDG goal 3 graphic\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/SDG-3-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/SDG-3-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/SDG-3-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/SDG-3-375x375.jpg 375w, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/SDG-3.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-156\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Target 3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The Sustainable Development Goal 3 highlights the promotion of good health and well-being.\u00a0 Cardiovascular health and NCDs are a primary target (3.4) for this goal. However, there\u2019s a lot of work to be done. The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020 suggests that the probability of dying from one of the four major NCDs: cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease between 30 and 70\u00a0years of age decreased only 1%, from 2010 to 2016 <sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--hover-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"4\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141-4\">4<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141-4\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/sdgs\/report\/2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>These trends suggest that women in 17 countries and men in only 15 countries are expected to meet the 2030 goals<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--hover-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"5\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141-5\">5<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-0000000040c0680b0000000006096f66_141-5\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7470795\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NCD Countdown 2030: pathways to achieving Sustainable Development Goal target 3.4<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/topics\/sdg-target-3_4-noncommunicable-diseases-and-mental-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SDG Target 3.4 Non-communicable diseases and mental health<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8332469\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Progress and challenges in achieving noncommunicable diseases targets for the sustainable development goals<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Key publications<\/h2>\n<p>Here are some key publications about Global Cardiovascular Health. Please note that these articles may require permission to access.<\/p>\n<div class=\"accordion  \" id=\"key-publications\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-text\">Key Publications<\/div>\n<div class=\"card\">\n<div class=\"card-header\" id=\"accordion-header\">\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><button class=\"btn btn-link\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse\"><span class=\"btn-text\">Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease and Disparities in Care<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collapse\" class=\"collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion\" role=\"region\">\n<ul>\n<li>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-3\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Roth GA, et al.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. <em>Journal of the American College of Cardiology<\/em>. 2020;76(25):2982-3021. doi:10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010<\/p>\n<div  class=\"grid row    \" >\n<!--&#091;col class=\"col-sm-1\"&#093;\n&#091;uw_modal id=\"bib01\" title=\"Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study\" width=\"wide\" color=\"gold\" button=\"PDF\" scroll=\"true\" position=\"center\"&#093;\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Roth-et-al-Global-burden-of-CVD-1990-2019-JACC2020.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"640\"><\/iframe>\n&#091;\/uw_modal&#093;\n&#091;\/col&#093;--><\/p>\n<div  class=\"col-sm\">\n<p>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7755038\/\"   class=\"btn btn-lg arrow light-gold\"><span>Online Version<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-4\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Tromp J, et al.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">Tromp J, Ouwerkerk W, Teng THK, et al. Global disparities in prescription of guideline-recommended drugs for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. <em>European Heart Journal<\/em>. 2022;43(23):2224-2234. doi:10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac103<\/p>\n<div  class=\"grid row    \" >\n<!--&#091;col class=\"col-sm-1\"&#093;\n&#091;uw_modal id=\"bib02\" title=\"Global disparities in prescription of guideline-recommended drugs for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction\" width=\"wide\" color=\"gold\" button=\"PDF\" scroll=\"true\" position=\"center\"&#093;\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Tromp-et-al-Global-disparities-in-GDMT-for-HFrEF-EurHeartJ-2022.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"640\"><\/iframe>\n&#091;\/uw_modal&#093;\n&#091;\/col&#093;--><\/p>\n<div  class=\"col-sm\">\n<p>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac103\"   class=\"btn btn-lg arrow light-gold\"><span>Online Version<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-5\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Marcus ME, et al.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">Marcus ME, Manne-Goehler J, Theilmann M, et al. Use of statins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in 41 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative, individual-level data. <em>The Lancet Global Health<\/em>. 2022;10(3):e369-e379. doi:10.1016\/s2214-109x(21)00551-9<\/p>\n<div  class=\"grid row    \" >\n<div  class=\"col-sm-1\">\n\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-lg btn-modal secondary bib03\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#bib03\"><span class=\"btn-label\">PDF<\/span><\/button><\/p>\n<div id=\"bib03\" class=\"modal fade\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"dialog\" aria-labelledby=\"bib03Title\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"modal-dialog w-90 modal-dialog-scrollable modal-dialog-centered\" role=\"document\">\n<div class=\"modal-content\">\n<div class=\"modal-header\">\n<h2 class=\"h5 modal-title\" id=\"bib03Title\">Use of statins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in 41 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative, individual-level data.<\/h2>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal-body\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Marcus-et-al-Statin-use-for-primary-prevention-in-41-LMICs-Lancet-Global-Health-2022.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"640\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div  class=\"col-sm\">\n<p>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8896912\/\"   class=\"btn btn-lg arrow light-gold\"><span>Online Version<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"card\">\n<div class=\"card-header\" id=\"accordion-header\">\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><button class=\"btn btn-link\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse\"><span class=\"btn-text\">Rheumatic heart disease and other endemic cardiovascular diseases<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collapse\" class=\"collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion\" role=\"region\">\n<ul>\n<li>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-6\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Watkins DA, et al.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">Watkins DA, Johnson CO, Colquhoun SM, et al. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease, 1990\u20132015. <em>New England Journal of Medicine<\/em>. 2017;377(8):713-722. doi:10.1056\/nejmoa1603693<\/p>\n<div  class=\"grid row    \" >\n<!--&#091;col class=\"col-sm-1\"&#093;\n&#091;uw_modal id=\"bib04\" title=\"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease, 1990\u20132015.\" width=\"wide\" color=\"gold\" button=\"PDF\" scroll=\"true\" position=\"center\"&#093;\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Watkins-et-al-Global-burden-of-RHD-NEJM2017.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"640\"><\/iframe>\n&#091;\/uw_modal&#093;\n&#091;\/col&#093;--><\/p>\n<div  class=\"col-sm\">\n<p>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1603693\"   class=\"btn btn-lg arrow light-gold\"><span>Online Version<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-7\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Kwan GF, et al.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">Kwan GF, Mayosi BM, Mocumbi AO, et al. Endemic Cardiovascular Diseases of the Poorest Billion. <em>Circulation<\/em>. 2016;133(24):2561-2575. doi:10.1161\/circulationaha.116.008731<\/p>\n<div  class=\"grid row    \" >\n<!--&#091;col class=\"col-sm-1\"&#093;\n&#091;uw_modal id=\"bib05\" title=\"Endemic Cardiovascular Diseases of the Poorest Billion.\" width=\"wide\" color=\"gold\" button=\"PDF\" scroll=\"true\" position=\"center\"&#093;\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Kwan-et-al-Endemic-CVD-of-poorest-billion-Circ2016.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"640\"><\/iframe>\n&#091;\/uw_modal&#093;\n&#091;\/col&#093;--><\/p>\n<div  class=\"col-sm\">\n<p>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.008731\"   class=\"btn btn-lg arrow light-gold\"><span>Online Version<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-2\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Beaton A, et al.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">Beaton A, Kamalembo FB, Dale J, et al. The American Heart Association\u2019s Call to Action for Reducing the Global Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association. <em>Circulation<\/em>. 2020;142(20). doi:10.1161\/cir.0000000000000922<\/p>\n<div  class=\"grid row    \" >\n<div  class=\"col-sm-1\">\n\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-lg btn-modal secondary bib06\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#bib06\"><span class=\"btn-label\">PDF<\/span><\/button><\/p>\n<div id=\"bib06\" class=\"modal fade\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"dialog\" aria-labelledby=\"bib06Title\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"modal-dialog w-90 modal-dialog-scrollable modal-dialog-centered\" role=\"document\">\n<div class=\"modal-content\">\n<div class=\"modal-header\">\n<h2 class=\"h5 modal-title\" id=\"bib06Title\">The American Heart Association\u2019s Call to Action for Reducing the Global Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association.<\/h2>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal-body\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Beaton-et-al-AHA-policy-statement-on-reducing-RHD-burden-Circ2020.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"640\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div  class=\"col-sm\">\n<p>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000922\"   class=\"btn btn-lg arrow light-gold\"><span>Online Version<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"card\">\n<div class=\"card-header\" id=\"accordion-header\">\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><button class=\"btn btn-link\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse\"><span class=\"btn-text\">Co-infections and cardiovascular disease<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collapse\" class=\"collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion\" role=\"region\">\n<ul>\n<li>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-8\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Shah ASV, et al.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">Shah ASV, Stelzle D, Lee KK, et al. Global Burden of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With HIV. <em>Circulation<\/em>. 2018;138(11):1100-1112. doi:10.1161\/circulationaha.117.033369<\/p>\n<div  class=\"grid row    \" >\n<div  class=\"col-sm-1\">\n\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-lg btn-modal secondary bib07\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#bib07\"><span class=\"btn-label\">PDF<\/span><\/button><\/p>\n<div id=\"bib07\" class=\"modal fade\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"dialog\" aria-labelledby=\"bib07Title\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"modal-dialog w-90 modal-dialog-scrollable modal-dialog-centered\" role=\"document\">\n<div class=\"modal-content\">\n<div class=\"modal-header\">\n<h2 class=\"h5 modal-title\" id=\"bib07Title\">Global Burden of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With HIV.<\/h2>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal-body\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Shah-et-al-Global-burden-of-HIV-related-CVD-Circ-2018.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"640\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div  class=\"col-sm\">\n<p>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6221183\/\"   class=\"btn btn-lg arrow light-gold\"><span>Online Version<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-9\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Feinstein MJ, et al.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">Feinstein MJ, Hsue PY, Benjamin LA, et al. Characteristics, Prevention, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With HIV: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. <em>Circulation<\/em>. 2019;140(2). doi:10.1161\/cir.0000000000000695<\/p>\n<div  class=\"grid row    \" >\n<div  class=\"col-sm-1\">\n\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-lg btn-modal secondary bib08\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#bib08\"><span class=\"btn-label\">PDF<\/span><\/button><\/p>\n<div id=\"bib08\" class=\"modal fade\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"dialog\" aria-labelledby=\"bib08Title\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"modal-dialog w-90 modal-dialog-scrollable modal-dialog-centered\" role=\"document\">\n<div class=\"modal-content\">\n<div class=\"modal-header\">\n<h2 class=\"h5 modal-title\" id=\"bib08Title\">Characteristics, Prevention, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With HIV: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.<\/h2>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal-body\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Feinstein-et-al-AHA-Scientific-Statement-on-CVD-in-HIV-Circ2019.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"640\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div  class=\"col-sm\">\n<p>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000695\"   class=\"btn btn-lg arrow light-gold\"><span>Online Version<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-10\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Muddu M, et al.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">Muddu M, Semitala FC, Kimera I, et al. Improved hypertension control at six months using an adapted WHO HEARTS-based implementation strategy at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda. <em>BMC Health Services Research<\/em>. 2022;22(1). doi:10.1186\/s12913-022-08045-8<\/p>\n<div  class=\"grid row    \" >\n<div  class=\"col-sm-1\">\n\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn-lg btn-modal secondary bib09\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#bib09\"><span class=\"btn-label\">PDF<\/span><\/button><\/p>\n<div id=\"bib09\" class=\"modal fade\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"dialog\" aria-labelledby=\"bib09Title\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"modal-dialog w-90 modal-dialog-scrollable modal-dialog-centered\" role=\"document\">\n<div class=\"modal-content\">\n<div class=\"modal-header\">\n<h2 class=\"h5 modal-title\" id=\"bib09Title\">Improved hypertension control at six months using an adapted WHO HEARTS-based implementation strategy at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda.<\/h2>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal-body\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Muddu-et-al-HIV-HTN-integration-LINKS-project-BMC-Health-Services-Research-2022.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"640\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div  class=\"col-sm\">\n<p>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9131679\/\"   class=\"btn btn-lg arrow light-gold\"><span>Online Version<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-11\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Huaman MA, et al.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">Huaman MA, De Cecco CN, Bittencourt MS, et al. Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Peru and Uganda. <em>Clinical Infectious Diseases<\/em>. 2021;73(9):e3384-e3390. doi:10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1934<\/p>\n<div  class=\"grid row    \" >\n<!--&#091;col class=\"col-sm-1\"&#093;\n&#091;uw_modal id=\"bib10\" title=\"Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Peru and Uganda.\" width=\"wide\" color=\"gold\" button=\"PDF\" scroll=\"true\" position=\"center\"&#093;\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Huaman-et-al-Latent-TB-and-subclinical-CAD-CID2021.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"640\"><\/iframe>\n&#091;\/uw_modal&#093;\n&#091;\/col&#093;--><\/p>\n<div  class=\"col-sm\">\n<p>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8563179\/\"   class=\"btn btn-lg arrow light-gold\"><span>Online Version<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"card\">\n<div class=\"card-header\" id=\"accordion-header\">\n<h3 class=\"mb-0\"><button class=\"btn btn-link\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapse\"><span class=\"btn-text\">Reciprocal Innovation<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"collapse\" class=\"collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion\" role=\"region\">\n<ul>\n<li>\n<section aria-label=\"widget_custom_html amr_widget\" id=\"custom_html-12\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html amr_widget\"><span style=\"display: none\">Sors TG, et al.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\">Sors TG, O\u2019Brien RC, Scanlon M, et al. Reciprocal Innovation: A New Approach to Equitable and Mutually Beneficial Global Health Research and Partnership. <em>Global Public Health<\/em>, 25 July 2022, pp. 1\u201313, 10.1080\/17441692.2022.2102202.<\/p>\n<div  class=\"grid row    \" >\n<!--&#091;col class=\"col-sm-1\"&#093;\n&#091;uw_modal id=\"bib11\" title=\"Reciprocal Innovation: A New Approach to Equitable and Mutually Beneficial Global Health Research and Partnership.\" width=\"wide\" color=\"gold\" button=\"PDF\" scroll=\"true\" position=\"center\"&#093;\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Sors-et-al-Reciprocal-Innovation-pre-print.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"640\"><\/iframe>\n&#091;\/uw_modal&#093;\n&#091;\/col&#093;--><\/p>\n<div  class=\"col-sm\">\n<p>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17441692.2022.2102202\"   class=\"btn btn-lg arrow light-gold\"><span>Online Version<\/span><span class=\"arrow-box\"><span class=\"arrow\"><\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths- 85% of these deaths were due to heart attack and stroke. Over 3\/4 of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries. Out of the 17 million premature deaths (under the age of 70) due to noncommunicable diseases in 2019, 38% were caused by CVDs. Rheumatic Heart Disease Rheumatic heart disease&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":294,"parent":75,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-big-hero.php","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"class_list":["post-141","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=141"}],"version-history":[{"count":40,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1007,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/141\/revisions\/1007"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/75"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/globalcardio\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}