{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1 \deff0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f1\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;} {\f3\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f29\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Xerox Serif Narrow;}{\f30\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Xerox Sans Serif Wide;} {\f202\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f203\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f205\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f206\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;} {\f207\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f208\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f209\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f210\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;} {\f211\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f213\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f214\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f215\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f216\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);} {\f217\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128; \red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}}{\info{\author Leroy F. Searle}{\operator Leroy F. Searle}{\creatim\yr2000\mo11\dy6\hr21\min52}{\revtim\yr2000\mo11\dy6\hr22\min10} {\version4}{\edmins8}{\nofpages9}{\nofwords5214}{\nofchars29722}{\*\company University of Washington}{\nofcharsws0}{\vern8269}}\margl1440\margr1440 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale120\nolnhtadjtbl \fet0\sectd \sbknone\linex0\headery1440\sectdefaultcl {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20 From: The Essays of Michel de Montaigne, trans by Charles Cotton, \par ed. by W. Carew Hazlitt (New York: A. L. Burt, 1892). Original \par translation, 1685. \par }{\fs20 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1593\tqdec\tx5606\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\i\fs20 \tab ESSAYS OF OF MONTAIGNE.\tab }{\fs22 207 \par \par \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1593\tqdec\tx5606\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 CHAPTER XXX. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1593\tqdec\tx5606\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1593\tqdec\tx5606\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 OF CANNIBALS. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1593\tqdec\tx5606\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx226\tx430\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 When King Pyrrhus invaded Italy, having viewed and considered the order of the army the Romans sent out to meet him: \'93I know not,\'94 said he, }{\f1\fs10 \'93 }{ \fs22 what kind of bar\-barians,\'94 (for so the Greeks called all other nations) these may be; but the disposition of this army, that I see, has nothing of barbarism in it.\'94 * As much said the Greeks of that which Flaminius brought into their coun\- try; and Philip, beholding from an eminence the order and distribution of the Roman camp formed in his kingdom by Publius Sulpicius Galba, spake to the same effect. By which it appears how cautious men ought to be of taking things upon trust from vu lgar opinion, and that we are to judge by the eye of reason, and not from common report. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx209\tx425\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par I long had a man in my house that lived ten or twelve years in the New World, discovered in these latter days, and in that part of it where Villegaignon landed,* whic h he called Antarctic France. This discovery of so vast a country seems to be of very great consideration. I cannot be sure, that hereafter there may not be another, so many wiser men than we having been deceived in this. I am afraid our eyes are bigger t han our bellies, and that we have more curiosity than capacity; for we grasp at all, but catch nothing but wind. \par \par Plato brings in Solon, ** telling a story that he had heard from the priests of Sais in Egypt, that of old, and before the Deluge, there was a great island called Atlantis, situate directly at the month of the Straits of Gibraltar, which contained more countries than both Africa and Asia put together; and that the kings of that country, who not only possessed that isle, but extended their domini on so far into the continent that they had a country of Africa as far as }{\fs22\ul Egypt, and extending in Europe to Tuscany, attempted to}{\fs22 \par \par -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \par }\pard \qj \li425\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx425\faauto\rin0\lin425\itap0 {\fs18 * Plutarch, Life of Phyrrhus, c. }{\fs22 8. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx493\tx3764\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 }{\fs18 Idem, Life of Flaminius, c. }{\fs22 8.\tab \tab }{\fs18 Livy, xxxi. 84.\line \tab \tab In Timaeus, \par }\pard \ql \li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\faauto\rin0\lin425\itap0 {\fs18 At Brazil in }{\fs22 1557 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20 \par --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqdec\tx941\tx2131\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \tab 208\tab }{\b\i\fs20 ESSAYS OF OF MONTAIGNE \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 encroach even upon Asia, and to subjugate all the nations that border upon the Mediterranean Sea, as far as the black Sea; and to that effect overran all Spain, the Gauls, and Italy, so far as to penetrate into Greece, where the Athenians stopped them: bu t that sometime after, both the Athenians, and they and their island, were swallowed by the Flood \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-311\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx890\tx1366\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 It is very likely that this extreme irruption and inunda\-tion of water made wonderful changes and alterations in the habitations of the earth, as \lquote tis said that the sea then divided Sicily from Italy\emdash \par }{\fs18 Haec loca, vi quondam, et vasta convulsa ruina, \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1519\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 Dissiluisse ferunt, quum protenus utraque tellus \par Una foret.\'94 }{\fs22 * \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx657\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \emdash Cyprus from Syria, the isle of Kegropont from the con\-tinent of Boeotia and elsewhere united lands that were separate before, by filling up the channel between them with sand and mud: \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1519\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 \'93Sterilisque diu palus, aptaque remis, \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1519\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 Vicinas urbes alit, et grave sentit aratrum.\'94 }{\fs22 * \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1519\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx657\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 But there is no great appearance that this isle was this New World so lately discovered: for that almost touched upon Spain, and it were an incredible effect of an inunda\- tion, to have tumbled back so prodigious a mass, above twelve hundred leagues: besides that our modern navi\-gators have already almost discovered it to be no island, but }{\i\fs20 terra firma, }{\fs22 and continent with the East Indies on the one side, and with the lands under the two poles on the other side; or, if it be separate from them, it is by so nar\-row a strait and }{\fs18 channel, }{\fs22 that it none the more deserves the name of an island for that. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx657\tx861\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par It should seem, that in this great body, there are two sorts of motions, the one natural, and the other febrific, as there are in ours. When I consider the impression that our river of Dordoigne has made in my time, on the right \par ------------------------------------------------------------------------- \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx612\tx878\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 * }{\fs18 "These lands, they say, once with violence and vast desolation convulsed, burst asunder, which erewhile were }{\fs22 one. --AENEID, iii }{\fs18 iii. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx425\tx612\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 414. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx612\tx878\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 \'93That which was once a sterile marsh, and bore vessels on its \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx425\tx612\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 bosom, now feeds neighboring cities, and admits the plow,\'94--. \par Horace, }{\b\i\fs20 De }{\i\fs20 Arte Poetica }{\fs18 v. 05, \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\tx612\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\f1\fs38 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\tx612\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs22 ----------------------------------------------------------------}{\fs22 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1593\tqdec\tx5606\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs22 \tab }{\b\i\fs22 ESSAYS OF MONTAIGNE.\tab }{\b\fs22 209 \par }{\fs22 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx204\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 bank of its descent, and that in twenty years it has gained so much, and undermined the foundations of so many houses I perceive it to be an extraordinary agitation: for had it always followed this course, or were hereafter to do }{\fs18 it, }{\fs22 the aspect of the world would be totally changed. }{\f1\fs22 But }{\fs22 rivers alter their course, sometimes beating against the one side, and sometimes the other, and sometimes quietly keep\- ing the channel. I do not speak of sudden inundations, the causes of which everybody understands. In Medoc. by the seashore, the Sieur d\rquote Arsac, my brother, sees an estate he had there, buried under the sands which the sea vomits before it: where the tops of some houses are yet to be seen, and where his rents and domains are converted into pitiful barren pasturage. The inhabitants, of this place affirm, that of late years the sea has driven so vehemently upon them, that they have lost above four leagues of laud. These sands are her harbingers: and we now see great heaps of moving sand , that march half a league before her, and occupy the land. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx198\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par The other testimony from antiquity, to which some would apply this discovery of the New World, is in Aris\-totle; at least, if that little book of unheard-of miracles be his. He there tells us, tha t certain Carthaginians, having crossed the Atlantic Sea without the Straits of Gibraltar, and sailed a very long time, discovered at last a great and fruitful island, all covered over with wood, and watered with several broad and deep rivers; far remote from all }{\i\fs20 terra-firma }{\fs22 and that they, and others after them, allured }{\fs18 by }{\fs22 the goodness and fertility of the soil, went thither with Their wives and children, and began to plant a colony. But the senate of Carthage perceiving their people by little and little to diminish, issued out an express prohibition, that none, upon pain of death, should transport them\-}{\fs18 selves }{\fs22 thither; and also drove out these new inhabitants; fearing \lquote tis said, lest in process of time they should so multiply as to supplant themselves and ruin their state. But this relation of Aristotle no more agrees with our new\-found lands than the other. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx192\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 This man that I had was a plain ignorant fellow, and therefore the more likely to tell truth: for your better \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-198\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx192\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 bred sort of men are much more curious in their observa\-tion 'tis true, and discover a great deal more, but then gloss upon it, and to give the greater weight to what \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx192\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20 \par \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqdec\tx878\tx2052\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \tab 210\tab }{\b\i\fs20 ESSA YS OF MONTAIGNE. \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx561\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 they deliver and allure your belief, they cannot forbear a little to alter the story; they never rep resent things to you simply as they are, but rather as they appeared to them, or as they would have them appear to you, and to gain the reputation of men of judgment, and the better to induce your faith, are willing to help out the business with some\- thing more than is really true, of their }{\fs18 own }{\fs22 invention. Now, in this case, we should either have a man of irre\-proachable veracity, or so simple that he has not where\- withal to contrive, and to give a color of truth to false relations, and who can have no ends in forging an untruth. Such a one was mine; and besides, he has at divers times brought to me several seamen and merchants who at the same time went the same voyage. I shall therefore con\- tent myself with his information, without inquiring what the cosmogr aphers say to the business. We should have topographers to trace out to us the particular places where they have been; but for having had this advantage over us, to have seen the Holy Land, they would have the privi\- lege, forsooth, to tell us stories of all the other parts of the world besides. I would have every one write what he knows, and as much as lie knows, but no more ; and that not in this only, but in all other subjects; for such a per\- son may have some particular knowledge and experience of the na ture of such a river, or such a fountain, who, as to other things, knows no more than what everyhody does, and yet to keep a clutter with this little pittance of his, will undertake to write the whole body of physics: a vice from which great inconvenience s derive their original. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx561\tx771\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par Now, to return to my subject, I find that there is noth\-ing barbarous and savage in this nation, by anything that I can gather, excepting, that every one gives the title of barbarism to everything that is not in use in his own coun\- try. As, indeed, we have no other level of truth and rea\-son, than the example and idea of the opinions and cus\- toms of the place wherein we live: there is always the perfect religion, there the perfect government, there the most exact and accomplished us age of all things. They are savages at the same rate that we say fruit are wild, which nature produces of herself and by her own ordinary progress; whereas in truth, we ought rather to call those wild, whose natures we have changed by our artifice, and di verted from the common order. In those, the genuine, \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx561\tx771\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20 \par \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1593\tqdec\tx5606\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\i\fs20 \tab ESSAYS OF MONTAIGNE NE.\tab }{\fs22 211 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx124\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 most useful and natural virtues and properties are vigorous and sprightly, which we have helped to degenerate in these, by accommodating them to the pleasure of our own co rrupted palate. And yet for all this our taste confesses a flavor and delicacy, excellent even to emulation of the best of\rquote ours, in several fruits wherein those countries abound without art or culture. Neither is it reasonable that art should gain the pre -eminence of our great and powerful mother nature. We have so surcharged her with the additional ornaments and graces we have added to the beauty and riches of her own works by our inventions, that we have almost smothered her; in other places, where she shines in her own purity and proper luster, she marvelously baffles and disgraces all our vain and frivolous attempts. \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx124\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 \'93Et veniunt hederae sponte sua melius; \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx952\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 Surgit et in solis formosior arbutus antris; \par Et volucres nulla dulcius arte canunt.\'94 }{\f1\fs10 * \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx124\tx317\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 Our utmost endeavors cannot arrive at so much as to imitate the nest of the least of birds, its contexture, \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx204\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 beauty, and convenience: not so much as the web of a poor spider. \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx124\tx317\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 All things, says Plato,* are produced either by nature, by fortune, or by art; the greatest and most beautiful by the one or the other of the former, the least and the most imperfect by the last. \par These nations then seem to me to be so far barbarous, as having received but very little form and fashion from }{\fs18 art }{\fs22 and human invention, and consequently to be not much remote from their original simplicity. The laws of nature, however, govern them still, not as yet much vitiated with any mixture of ours: but \lquote tis }{\fs18 in }{\fs22 such purity, that I am sometimes troubled we were not sooner acquainted with these people, and that they were not discovered in those better times, when there were men much more able to judge of them than we are. I am sorry that Lycurgus and Plato ato h ad no knowledge of them: for to my apprehension, what we now see in those nations, does not only surpass all \par \par -------------------------------------------------------------- \par \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx249\tx425\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 *\tab }{\fs18 Laws, 10. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx249\tx425\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs10 *\tab }{\fs18 The ivy grows best spontaneously; the arbutus best in shady }{\b\f30\fs10 caves; }{\fs18 and the wild notes of birds are sweeter than art can teach. \'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx204\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 PROPERTIUS, }{\fs18 i. 2, 10. \par }{\fs20 \par \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx204\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\i\fs20 ESSAYS OF MONTAIGNE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx204\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\i\fs20 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx459\tx532\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 the pictures with which the poets have adorned the golden age, and all their inventions in feigning a happy state of man, but, moreover, the fancy an d even the wish and desire of philosophy itself; so native and so pure a simplicity, as we by experience see to be in them, could never enter into their imagination, nor could they ever believe that human society could have been maintained with so little artifice and human patchwork. I should tell Plato, that }{\fs18 it }{\fs22 is a nation wherein there is no manner of traffic, no knowledge of letters, no science of numbers, no name of magistrate or political superiority; no use of service, riches or poverty, no contracts, no successions, no dividends, no properties, no employments, but those of leisure, no respect of kindred, but common, no clothing, no agriculture, no metal, no use of corn or wine; the very words that signify lying, treachery, dissimulation, avarice, env y, detraction, pardon, never heard of.* How much would he find his imaginary republic short of his perfection? }{\f1\fs10 \'93 }{\i\fs20 Viri a diis recentes.\'94 }{\i\f29\fs28 * \par ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx425\tx612\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs18 * }{\fs18 This is the famous passage which Shakespeare, through Florio\rquote s version, 1608. or ed. 1613, p. 102, has employed in the \'93Tempest,\'94 ii. 1. It may be interesting in such a case to compare the two translations: \'93They [Lycurgus and Plato] could not imagine a ge nuitie so pure and simple, as we see it by experience, nor ever beleeve our societie might be maintained with so little arte and humane combination, it is a nation, would I answere Plato, that hath no kinde of traffike. no knowledge of letters, no intelli g ence of numbers, no name of magistrate, nor of politike superioritie; no vse of service, of riches, or of poverty; no contracts, no successions, no dividences, no occupation but idle; no respect of kinred, but common; no apparrell but naturall, no manurin g of lands, no vse of wine, come, or mettle. The very words that import lying, falsehood treason, dissimulation, covetousness, envie, detraction, and pardon, were never heard of amongst them. How dissonant would hee fade his imaginary commonwealth from thi s perfection? \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1808\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\i\fs18 \'931108 }{\i\fs18 natura modos primum dedit. \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1802\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs18 \'93 }{\fs18 Nature at first vprise, \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1921\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 These manners did devise. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx459\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 Furthermore they live in a country of so exceeding pleasant and \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx425\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 temperate situation, that as my testimonies have tolde me it is very rare to see a sicke bod y amongst them; and they have further assured me, they never saw any man there, shaking with the palsie, toothlesse, with eyes dropping, or crooked and stooping through age. }{\i\fs18 " --Shakespeare's Library, }{\fs18 iv. 7. \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx459\tx532\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 + \'93Men fresh from the gods." --SENECA, }{\i\fs18 Ep., }{\fs18 90. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx459\tx532\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 \par }{\fs20 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1547\tqdec\tx5487\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\i\fs20 \tab ESSA OF OF MONTAIGNE\tab }{\f1\fs22 213 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1547\tqdec\tx5487\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \'93Hos natura modos primum dedit.\'94 }{\f1\fs10 * \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1547\tqdec\tx5487\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs22 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx170\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 As to the rest, they live in a \lquote country very pleasant and temperate, \lquote so that, as my witnesses inform me, \lquote tis rare to hear of a sick person, and they moreover assure me, that they never saw any of the natives, either paralytic, blear\- eyed, toothless, or crooked with age. The situation of their country is along the seashore, enclosed on the other side toward the lan }{\f1\fs22 , }{\fs22 with great and high mountains, having about a hundred leagues in breadth between. They have great store of fish and flesh, that have no resemblance to those of ours: which they eat without any other cookery, than plain boiling, roasting and broilin g. The first that rode a horse thither, though in several other voyages he had contracted an acquaintance and familiarity with them, put them into so\rquote terrible a fright, with his centaur appearance. that they killed him with their arrows before they could come to discover who he was. Their buildings are very long, and of capacity to hold two or three hundred people, made of the barks of tall trees, reared with one end upon the ground, and leaning to and supporting one another, at the top, like some of our b arns, of which the coverings hang down to the very ground, and serves for the side walls. They have wood so hard, that they cut with it, and make their swords of it, and their grills of it to broil their meat. Their beds are of cotton, hung swinging from the roof, like our easman\rquote s hammocks, every man his own, for the wives lie apart from their husbands. They rise with the sun, and so soon as they are up, eat for all day, for they have no more meals but that: they do not then drink, as Suidas reports of som e other people of the East that never drank at their meals;\rquote but drink very often alt day after, and sometimes to a rousing pitch. Their drink is made of a certain root, and is of the color of our claret, and they never drink it but lukewarm. It will not k eep above two or three days; it has a somewhat sharp, brisk taste, is nothing heady, but very comfortable to the stomach; laxa\- tive to strangers, but a very pleasant beverage to such as are accustomed to it. They make use, instead of bread, of a certain white compound, like Coriander comfits; I have tasted of it; the taste is sweet and a little flat. The \par ------------------------------------------------------------------- \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx153\tx249\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs8 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 183 \\f "Symbol" \\s 4}{\fldrslt\f3\fs8}}}{\f1\fs8 \tab - }{\fs18 These were the manners first taught by nature. }{\fs20 "--VIRGIL, }{ \fs18 Georgics, ii. }{\fs22 20. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx153\tx249\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20 \par \par \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqdec\tx941\tx2131\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \tab 214\tab }{\b\i\fs20 ESSAYS OF OF MONTAIGNE \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx578\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 whole day is spent in dancing. Their young men go a-hunting after wild beasts with bows and arrows; one part of their women are employed in preparing their drink the while, which is their chief employment. One of their old men, in the morning before they fall to eating, preaches to the whole family, walking from the one end of the house to the other, and several times repeating the same sentence, till he has finished tile round, for their houses are at least a hundred yards long. Valor toward their enemies and love toward their wives, are the two heads of his discourse, never failing in the close, to put them in mind, that \lquote tis their wives who provide them their drink warm and well seasoned. The f ashion of their bcds, ropes, swords, and of the wooden bracelets they tie about their wrists, when they go to fight, and of the great canes, bored hollow at one end, by the sound of which they keep the cadence of their dances, are to be seen in several pl a ces, and among others, at my house. They shave all over, and much more neatly than we, without other razor than one of wood or stone. They believe in the immortality of the soul, and that those who have merited well of tile gods, are lodged in that part o f heaven where the sun rises, and the accursed in the west. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx578\tx788\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par They have I know not what kind of priests and prophets, who very rarely present themselves to the people, having their abode in the mountains. At their arrival, there i s a great feast, and solemn assembly of many villages: each house, as I have described, makes a village, and they are about a French league distant from One another. This prophet declaims to them in public, exhorting them to virtue and their duty: but all their ethics are comprised in these two articles, resolution in war, and affection to their wives, lie also prophesies to them events to come, and the issues they are to expect from their enterprises, and prompts them to or diverts them from war, but let him look to\rquote t; for if he fail in his divination, and anything happen other\- wise than he has foretold, lie is cut into a thousand pieces, if he be caught, and condemned for a false prophet: for that reason, if any of them has been mistaken, lie is no more heard of. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx776\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par Divination is a gift of God, and therefore to abuse it, ought to be a punishable imposture. Among the Scythians, where their diviners failed in the promised effect, they \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx555\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20 \par \par \par \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1723\tx2880\tqdec\tx5646\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\i\fs20 \tab ESSAYS OF\tab MONTAIGNE\tab }{\fs22 215 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx209\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 were laid, bound hand and foot, upon carts loaded with furze and bavins, and drawn by oxen, on which they were burned to death.* Such as only meddle with things sub\- ject tQ the conduct of human capacity, are excusable in doing the best they can: but those other fellows that come to delude us with assu rances of an extraordinary faculty, beyond our understanding, ought they not to be punished when they do not make good the effect of their promise, and for the temerity of their imposture? \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx221\tx413\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par They have continual war with the nations that live further within the mainland, beyond their mountains, to which they go naked, and without other arms than their bows and wooden swords, fashioned at one end like the heads of our javelins. The obstinacy of their battles is wonderful, and they never end without great effu s ion of blood: for as to running away, they know not what it is. Every one for a trophy brings home the head of an enemy he has killed, which he fixes over the door of his house. After having a long time treated their prisoners very well, and given them al l the regales they can think of, he to whom the prisoner belongs, invites a great assembly of his friends. They being come, he ties a rope to one of the arms of the prisoner, of which, at a distance, out of his reach, he holds the one end himself, and give s to the friend he loves best the other arm to hold after the same manner; which\rquote being done, they two, in the presence of all the assembly, despatch him with their swords. After that they roast him, eat him among them, and send some chops to their absent f riends. They do not do this, as some think, for nourishment, as the Scythians anciently did, but as a representation of an extreme revenge; as will appear by this: that having observed the Portuguese, who were in league with their enemies, to inflict anot h er sort of death upon any of them they took prisoners, which was to set them up to the girdle in the earth, to shoot at the remaining part till it was stuck full of arrows, and then to bang them, they thought those people of the other world (as being men who had sown the knowledge of a great many vices among their neighbors, and who were much greater masters in all sorts of mischief than they) did not exercise this sort of revenge without a meaning, and that \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx221\tx413\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs10 * }{\fs22 Herodotus, iv. 69. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx221\tx413\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20 \par \par \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx221\tx413\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\i\fs20 ESSAYS OF MONTAIGNE \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx221\tx413\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\i\fs20 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx459\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 it must needs be more painful than theirs, they began to leave their old way, and to follow this. I am not sorry that we should here take notice of the barbarous horror of so cruel an action, but that, seeing so clearly into their faults, we should be so blind to our own. I conceive there is more barbarity in eating a man alive, than when he is dead; in tearing a body limb from limb by racks and tor\- ments, that is yet in perfect sense; in roasting it by degrees; in causing it to be bitten and worried by dog s and swine (as we have not only read, but lately seen, not among inveterate and mortal enemies, but among neighbors and fellow-citizens, and, which is worse, under color of piety and religion), than to roast and eat him after heis dead. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx459\tx685\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par Chrysippus and Zeno, the two heads of the Stoic sect, \lquote were of opinion that there was no hurt in making use, of our dead carcasses, in what way soever for our necessity, and in feeding upon them too; }{\b\i\fs12 * }{\fs22 as our own ancestors, who being besieged by Caesar in the city Alexia, resolved to sustain the famine of the siege with the bodies of their old men, women, and other persons who were incapable of bearing arms. \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1819\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 Vascones, ut fama }{\fs22 est, alimentis talibus usi \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1921\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 Produxere animas.\'94 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx459\tx668\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 And the physicians make no bones of employing it t o all sorts of use, either to apply it outwardly; or to give it inwardly for the health of the patient. But there never was any opinion so irregular, as to excuse treachery, dis\- loyalty, tyranny, and cruelty, which are our familiar vices. We may then call these people barbarous, in respect to the rules of reason: but not in respect to ourselves, who in all sorts of barbarity exceed them. Their wars are throughout noble and generous, and carry as much excuse and fair pretense, as that human malady is capabl e of; having with them no other foundation than tile sole jealousy of valor. Their disputes are not for the conquest of new lands, for these they already possess are so fruitful by nature, as to supply them without labor or concern, with all things necessa ry, in such abundance that they have no need to \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx249\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \par * }{\fs18 Diogenes Laertius, vii. 188. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx289\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 +\tab }{\fs20 \'93\lquote Tis said the Gascons with such }{\fs18 meats appeased their hunger.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx204\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs14 --JUVENAL }{\i\fs20 Sat., }{\fs22 xv. 93. \par }{\fs20 \par \par \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1547\tqdec\tx5487\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\i\fs20 \tab ESSAYS OF MONTA IGNE.\tab }{\fs22 217 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx204\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 enlarge their borders. And they are moreover, happy in this, that they only covet so much as their natural necessi\- ties require: all beyond that, is superfluous to them: men of the same age call one another generally brothers, those who are younger, children; and the old men are fathers to all. These leave to their heirs in common the full posses\- sion of goods, without any manner of division, or other title than what nature bestows upon her creatures, in bringin g them into the world. If their neighbors pass over the mountains to assault them, and obtain a victory, all tile victors gain by it is glory only, and the advantage of having proved themselves the better in valor and virtue: for they never meddle with th e goods of the conquered, but presently return into their own country, where they have no want of anything necessary, nor of this greatest of all goods, to know happily how to enjoy their condition and to be content. And those in turn do the same; they dem a nd of their prisoners no other ransom, than acknowledgment that they are overcome: but there is not one found in an age, who will not rather choose to die than make such a confession, or either by word or look, recede from the entire grandeur of an invinc ible courage. There is not a man among them who had not rather be killed and eaten, }{\fs18 than }{\fs22 so much as to open his mouth to entreat he may not. They use them with all liberality and freedom, to tile end their lives may be so much the dearer to them; but fre\-qu ently entertain them with menaces of their approaching death, of the torments they are to suffer, of the preparations making in order to it, of the mangling their limbs, and of tile feast that is to be made, where their carcass is to be the only dish. All which they do. to no other end, but only to extort some gentle or submissive word from them, or to frighten them so as to make them run away, to obtain this advantage that they were terrified, and that their constancy was shaken; and indeed, if rightly ta ken, it is in this point only that a true victory consists. \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1921\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs8 \'93 }{\fs18 Victoria nulla est. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx425\tx612\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 Quam quae confessos animo quoque subjugat hostes.\'94 }{\f1\fs10 * \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx255\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 The Hungarians, a very warlike people, never pretend \par -------------------------------------------------------------- \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx249\tx612\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs8 *\tab }{\fs18 No victory is }{\fs20 complete, which the }{\fs18 conquered }{\fs20 do }{\fs18 not }{\fs20 admit }{\fs18 to }{\fs22 "--CLAUDIUS, }{\i\fs20 De Sexto Consulatu Honorii, }{\fs18 v. 248. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx249\tx612\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20 \par \par \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqdec\tx1009\tx2199\tx3050\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \tab 218\tab }{\b\i\fs20 ESSAYS\tab OF MONTAIGNE \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx708\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 further than to reduce the enemy to their discretion; for having forced this confession from them, they let them go w ithout injury or ransom, excepting, at the most, to make them engage their word never to bear arms against them again. We have sufficient advantages over our enemies that are borrowed and not truly our own; it is the quality of a porter, and no effect of virtue, to have stronger arms and legs; it is a dead and corporeal quality to set in array; \lquote tis a turn of fortune to make our enemy stumble, or to dazzle him with the light of the sun; \lquote tis a trick of science and art, and that may happen in a mean base fel low, to be a good fencer. The estimate and value of a man consist in the heart and in the will: there his true honor lies. Valor is stability, not of legs and arms, but of the courage and the soul; it does not lie in the goodness of our horse or our arms: but in our own. He that falls obstinate in his courage\emdash \par \'94 }{\i\f29\fs28 Si }{\b\i\fs20 succiderit, de genu yugnat\'94 }{\fs26 * \par --he }{\fs22 who, for any danger of imminent death, abates nothing of his as\-surance; who, dying, yet darts at his enemy a fierce and dis\-dainful look, is overcome not by us, but by fortune; }{\i\f29\fs28 ** }{\fs22 he is killed, not conquered; the most valiant are sometimes the most unfortunate. There are defeats more triumphant than victories. Never could those four sister victories, the fairest the sun ever beheld, of Salamis, Plataea, Mycale, and Sicily, venture to oppose all their united glories, to the single glory of the discomfiture of King Leonidas and his men, at the pass of Thermopylae. Whoever ran with a more glorious desire and greater atubition, to the winning, than Captain I scolas to the certain loss of a battle? Who could have found out a more subtle invention to secure his safety, than he did to assure his destruction? He was set to defend a certain pass of Peloponnesus against the Ar\- cadians, which, considering the nature o f the place and the inequality of forces, finding it utterly impossible for him to do, and seeing that all who were presented to the enemy, must certainly be left upon the place; and on the other side, reputing it unworthy of his own virtue and magnanimit y and ofihe Lacedaemonian name to fail in any \par \par -------------------------------------------------------- \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-175\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx249\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs10 * }{\fs20 \'93If his legs fail }{\fs18 him }{\fs20 he }{\fs18 fights on his knees."--SENECA, }{\b\i\fs20 De }{\i\fs20 Providentia, }{\fs18 c. 2. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-221\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx158\tx328\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 +\tab Idem, }{\fs20 De Constantia Sapienti c, }{\fs18 c. 6. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx153\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs18 Diodorus Sicalus, xv. 64. \par }{\fs20 \par \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1547\tqdec\tx5487\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\i\fs20 \tab ESSAYS OF MONTAIGNE\tab }{\f1\fs22 219 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-204\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx136\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 part of his duty, he chose a mean between these two extremes after this manner; the youngest and most active of his men, lie preserved for the service and defense of their country, and sent them back; and with the rest, whose loss would be of less consideration, he resolved to make good the pass, and with the death of them, to make the enemy buy their entry as dear as possibly he could; as it fell out, for being presently environed on all sides by the Arcadians, after having made a great slaughter of the enemy, he and his were all cut in pieces. Is there any trophy dedicated to the conquerors, which was not much more due to these who were overcome? The part that true conquering is to play, lies in the encounter, not in the coming of f; and the honor of valor consists in fighting, not in subduing. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx153\tx396\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par But to return to my story: these prisoners are so from discovering the least weakness, for all the terrors that can be represented to them that, on the contrary, during the two or three month s they are kept, they always appear with a cheerful countenance; importune their masters to make haste to bring them to the test, defy, rail at them, and reproach them with cowardice, and the number of battles they have lost against those of their country . I have a song made by one of these prisoners, wherein he bids them \'93come all, and dine upon him, and welcome, for they shall withal eat their own fathers and grandfathers, whose flesh has served to feed and nourish him. These muscles," says he, }{ \f1\fs10 \'93 }{\fs22 this flesh and these veins, are your own: poor silly souls, as you are, you little think that the substance of your ancestors\rquote limbs is here yet; notice what you eat, and you will find in it the taste of your own flesh:\'94 in which song there is to be observed an invention that nothing relishes of the barbarian. Those that paint these people dying after this manner, represent the prisoner spitting in the faces of his executioners and making wry mouths at them. And \lquote tis most certain, that to the very last gasp, they n ever cease to brave and defy them both in word and gesture. In plain truth, these men are very savage in comparison of us; of necessity, they must either absolutely so or else we are savages; for there is a vast difference between their manners and ours. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx357\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par The men there have several wives, and so much the greater number, by how much they have the greater repu\-tation for valor. And it is one very remarkable feature in \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx357\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20 \par \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqdec\tx1009\tx2182\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \tab 220\tab }{\b\i\fs20 ESSAYS OF MONTAIGNE \par }{\fs22 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx674\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 their marriages, that the same jealousy our wives have to hinder and divert us from the friendship and familiarity of other women, those employ to promote their husbands \rquote desires, and to procure them many spouses; for being above all things solicitous of their husbands\rquote honor, \lquote tis their chief est care to seek out, and to bring in the most com\- panions they can, forasmuch as it is a testimony of the husband\rquote s virtue. Most of our ladies will cry out; that \lquote tis monstrous; whereas in truth, it is not so; but a truly matrimonial virtue, and of the highest form. In the Bible, Sarah, with Leah and Rachel, the two wives of Jacob, gave the most beautiful of their handmaids to their husbands; Livia preferred the passions of Augustus to her own inter\- est;* and the wife of King Deiotarus, Stratonice, did not only give tip a fair young maid that served her to her hus\-band\rquote s embraces, but moreover carefully brought up the children he had by her, and assisted them in the succession to their father \rquote s crown. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx663\tx878\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par And that it may not be supposed, that all this is done by a simple and servile obligation to their common practice, or by any authoritative impression of their ancient custom, without judgment or reasoning and from having a soul so stupid, that it cannot contrive what el se to do, I must here give you some touches of their sufficiency in point of understanding. Besides what I repeated to you before, which was one of their songs of war, I have another, a love\-song, that begins thus: \'93 Stay, adder, stay, that by thy pattern my sister may draw the fashion and work of a rich ribbon, that I may present to my beloved, by which means thy beauty and the excellent order of thy scales shall for\-ever be preferred before all other serpents.\'94 Wherein the first couplet, "Stay, adder," etc. , makes the burden of the song. Now I have conversed enough with poetry to judge thus much: that not only, there is nothing of barbarous in this invention, but, moreover, that it is perfectly Anacreontic. To which may be added, that their lan\- guage is soft, of a ple asing accent, and soniething border\-ing upon the Greek terminations. \par \par Three of these people, not foreseeing how dear their knowledge of the corruptions, of this part of the world will one day cost their happiness and repose, and that the \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1921\tx2063\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\i\fs20 *\tab Suetonius, Life of Augustus, c. 71. \par }{\fs20 \par \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1547\tqdec\tx5487\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\i\fs20 \tab ESSAYS OF MOANTAIGNE.\tab }{\f1\fs22 221 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx130\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 effect of this commerce will be their ruin, as I presuppose }{\fs18 it }{\fs22 is in a very fair way (miserable men to suffer themselves to be deluded with desire of novelty and to have left the serenity of the ir own heaven, to come so far to gaze at ours!) were at Rouen at the time that the late King Charles IX. was there. The king himself talked to them a good while, and they \lquote were made to see our fashions, our pomp, and the form of agreat city. After which so me one asked their opinion and would know of them, what of all the things they had seen, they found most to be admired? To which they made answer, three things, of which I have forgotten the third, and am troubled at it, but two I yet remember. They said, that in the first place they thought it very strange, that so many tall men wearing beards, strong, and well armed, who were about the king (\lquote tis like they meant the Swiss of his guard) should submit to obey a child, and that they did not rather choose out one among themselves to command. Secondly (they have a way of speaking in Their language, to call men the half of one another), that they had observed, that there were among us men full and crammed with all manner of commodities, while, in the meantime, t heir halves were begging at their doors, lean, and half-starved with hunger and poverty; and they Thought it strange that these necessitous halves were able to suffer so great an inequality and injustice, and that they iid not take the others by the throa ts, or set fire to their houses. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx130\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl-209\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx266\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs22 I talked to one of them a great while together, but I had so ill an interpreter, and one who was so perplexed by his own ignorance to apprehend my meaning, that I could get nothing out of him of any moment. Asking him, what advantage he reaped from the superiority he had among his own people (for he was a captain, and our mariners called him king), he told nine: to march at the head of them to he to war Demanding of him further, how many men he had to follow him? he showed me a space of ground, to signify as many as could march in such a compass, which might be four or five thousand men; and putting question to him, whether or no his authority expired with \lquote the war? he told me this remained: that when he went to visit the vi llages of his dependence, they plained him paths through the thick of their woods, by which he might pass at his ease. All this does not sound very ill, and the last was not at all amiss, for they wear no breeches. \par }}