{"id":10083,"date":"2021-05-28T10:18:41","date_gmt":"2021-05-28T17:18:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=10083"},"modified":"2021-06-01T10:32:20","modified_gmt":"2021-06-01T17:32:20","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-may-28-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/05\/28\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-may-28-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report May 28, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<p><em>Today&#8217;s summary is based on a review of 486 articles (461 published, 25 in preprint)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/LitRep_20210528.docx.pdf\">View the PDF version here.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were 60% effective against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection 14-20 days after the first dose and 91% effective \u22657 days<\/b> <b>after the second dose in a test-negative study among symptomatic adults in Ontario, Canada between December 2020 to April 2021 (n=324,033), with even higher effectiveness against severe outcomes. Vaccine effectiveness remained high against variants of concern. <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.24.21257744\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Children diagnosed with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (n=46) had a low frequency of organ-specific sequelae at 6 months of follow-up. Echocardiograms were normal in 96% of patients, and gastrointestinal symptoms were only present in 13% of patients at 6 months among those with baseline symptoms.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00138-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Adults in Switzerland who were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were less likely to test positive (1%) for SARS-CoV-2 than propensity-score-matched seronegative adults (16%) in the 8 months following antibody measurements, suggesting that seropositivity was associated with a 94% reduction in risk of retesting positive. <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab495\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Vaccines and Immunity<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-10097\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The Humoral Response to the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies were detected in 80% of chronic hemodialysis patients (n=66) 28 days after a single dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in a cohort study in Toronto, Canada. However, only 23% mounted a robust response defined by exceeding the median level of anti-spike antibodies observed in serum of healthy convalescent controls (n=35). Anti-spike antibodies were detected in 96% of patients receiving two doses (n=76), but only 72% mounted a robust response. Similar patterns were observed for detectable anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yau et al.\u00a0(May 27, 2021). The Humoral Response to the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients. Pre-print downloaded May 28 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.24.21257425\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.24.21257425<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10095\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Reduced Sensitivity of Infectious SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.617.2 to Monoclonal Antibodies and Sera from Convalescent and Vaccinated Individuals<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 variant of concern, first described in India, was experimentally shown to completely escape neutralizing activity from the monoclonal antibody (mAb) bamlanivimab (made by Eli Lilly), while neutralizing activity of etesivimab (also Eli Lilly), casirivimab and imdevimab (Regeneron) were preserved. Neutralizing activity of sera from 56 individuals recovered from critical, severe, and mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were decreased 4-6 fold against B.1.617.2 compared to the D614G and B.1.1.7 variants. Neutralizing activity of sera from individuals without prior infection who were fully vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (n=16) showed 3- fold reduction against B.1.617.2 compared to the B.1.1.7 variant.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Planas et al.\u00a0(May 27, 2021). Reduced Sensitivity of Infectious SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.617.2 to Monoclonal Antibodies and Sera from Convalescent and Vaccinated Individuals. Pre-print downloaded May 28 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.26.445838\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.26.445838<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10093\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Seattle, Washington: October 2019\u2013April 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Residual clinical samples collected from 766 Seattle-area adults during October 2019 to April 2020 showed that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were not detected until mid-March 2020. Estimated antibody prevalence from March 5-April 1, 2020 was 1.2%, which was 11 times greater than the number of confirmed cases in King County, which includes Seattle, as of April 1. The authors note, however, that participant sampling in the study may not be representative of the general population. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[EDITORIAL NOTE: This manuscript was summarized as a pre-print on December 8, 2020.]<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">McCulloch et al.\u00a0(May 27, 2021). Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Seattle, Washington: October 2019\u2013April 2020. PLOS ONE. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0252235\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0252235<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10091\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Risk of Reinfection after Seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2: A Population-Based Propensity-Score Matched Cohort Study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Swiss adults who were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were less likely to have a SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive test than propensity-score-matched seronegative adults in the 8 months following antibody measurements. Of the 498 seropositive individuals, only 5 (1%) retested positive (likely indicative of reinfection) after a mean follow-up of 36 weeks. In contrast, 154 of 996 (16%) matched seronegative individuals tested positive during a similar mean follow-up of 35 weeks. These findings suggest that seropositivity is associated with a 94% reduction in risk of retesting positive. The authors note that while testing rates were similar between seropositive and seronegative individuals, risk of detection may be underestimated among seropositive individuals if individuals with reinfection are less likely to be symptomatic. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[EDITORIAL NOTE: This manuscript was summarized as a pre-print on March 22, 2020.]<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Leidi et al.\u00a0(May 27, 2021). Risk of Reinfection after Seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2: A Population-Based Propensity-Score Matched Cohort Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab495\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab495<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10089\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">E484K as an Innovative Phylogenetic Event for Viral Evolution: Genomic Analysis of the E484K Spike Mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Lineages from Brazil<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Genomic and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 genomes with the E484K mutation sequenced from samples in Brazil in 2020 showed that over 40% of sequenced genomes had this mutation by October 2020 across three distinct lineages (P.1, P.2, and N.9) in four different regions. Modeling of a random set of sequenced genomes suggests that the mutation is under positive selection in lineages in Brazil.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ferrareze et al.\u00a0(May 25, 2021). E484K as an Innovative Phylogenetic Event for Viral Evolution: Genomic Analysis of the E484K Spike Mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Lineages from Brazil. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104941\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104941<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10087\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and MRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccines against Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe COVID-19 Outcomes in Ontario Canada<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) were 60% effective against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection 14-20 days after the first dose and 91% effective \u22657 days after the second dose in a test-negative study among symptomatic adults in Ontario, Canada between December 2020 and April 2021 (n=324,033). Vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes was 62% 14-20 days after the first dose and 98% \u22657 days after the second dose. First-dose vaccine effectiveness estimates were lower among adults aged \u226570 years, but comparable to younger individuals after the second dose. Two-dose vaccine effectiveness remained high against B.1.351 and P.1 variants with the E484K mutation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chung et al.\u00a0(May 28, 2021). Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and MRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccines against Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe COVID-19 Outcomes in Ontario Canada. Pre-print downloaded May 28 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.24.21257744\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.24.21257744<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10085\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Patterns in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage, by Social Vulnerability and Urbanicity \u2014 United States, December 14, 2020\u2013May 1, 2021<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As of May 1, 2021, vaccination coverage was lower among US adults living in counties with higher social vulnerability (social and structural factors associated with adverse health outcomes) and with higher percentages of households with children, single parents, and persons with disabilities. By May 1, vaccination coverage was lower among adults living in counties with the highest quartile of social vulnerability index (SVI, Q4 coverage = 49% vs Q1=59%). Vaccination coverage disparities were largest for two SVI themes: socioeconomic status (Q4 = 44 % vs Q1 = 61%) and household composition and disability (Q4 = 42% vs Q1 = 60%). During December 14, 2020-May 1, 2021, disparities in vaccination coverage by SVI increased, especially in suburban and nonmetropolitan counties. The authors suggest that expanding public health messaging targeted to local populations and increasing vaccination access could help increase vaccination coverage in areas with high social vulnerability.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Barry et al. (May 28, 2021). Patterns in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage, by Social Vulnerability and Urbanicity \u2014 United States, December 14, 2020\u2013May 1, 2021. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7022e1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7022e1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-10103\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">6-Month Multidisciplinary Follow-up and Outcomes of Patients with Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS-TS) at a UK Tertiary Paediatric Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Organ-specific sequelae were uncommon at the 6-month follow-up in a cohort of children aged &lt;18 years (median age 10.2 years) diagnosed with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (n=46). Echocardiograms were normal in 96% of patients, and gastrointestinal symptoms were only present in 13% of patients at 6 months among those with baseline symptoms. Renal, hematological, and otolaryngologic findings largely resolved by 6 months. Systemic inflammation was resolved in all but one patient and no deaths were reported.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Penner et al.\u00a0(May 25, 2021). 6-Month Multidisciplinary Follow-up and Outcomes of Patients with Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS-TS) at a UK Tertiary Paediatric Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study. The Lancet Child &amp; Adolescent Health. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00138-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00138-3<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10101\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">COVID-19 Case-Fatality Disparities among People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Evidence from 12 US Jurisdictions<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COVID-19 case fatality rates were higher among people with intellectual development disabilities (IDD) compared to rates for their respective jurisdiction, both among individuals living in congregate settings (2-5 times higher) and those receiving 24\/7 nursing services (3-9 times higher) in an analysis of publicly reported data in 11 US states from March to April 2021. By contrast, results were not consistently different for people with IDD living in their own family home.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Landes et al.\u00a0(May 14, 2021). COVID-19 Case-Fatality Disparities among People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Evidence from 12 US Jurisdictions. Disability and Health Journal. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101116\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101116<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-10099\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Prevalence of Clinical and Subclinical Myocarditis in Competitive Athletes With Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical or subclinical myocarditis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected in 2.3% of US college athletes with COVID-19 undergoing comprehensive cardiovascular testing from March to December 2020 (n=1597). Only 5 athletes (0.31%) would have been detected based on cardiac symptoms alone, while cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for all athletes yielded a 7.4-fold increase in detection of both clinical and subclinical myocarditis. Prevalence across the 13 participating universities varied from 0%-7.6%, with varying testing protocols closely tied to detection of myocarditis.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Daniels et al.\u00a0(May 27, 2021). Prevalence of Clinical and Subclinical Myocarditis in Competitive Athletes With Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection. JAMA Cardiology. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.2065\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.2065<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-10105\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Evaluating Data Types: A Guide for Decision Makers Using Data to Understand the Extent and Spread of COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A rapid consultation produced by a panel of experts from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine identified 7 data types used as indicators for evaluating local course of COVID-19 and 5 criteria to assess the reliability and validity of each data type. The 7 data types include confirmed cases, hospitalizations, emergency department visits, confirmed COVID-19 deaths, excess deaths, positive test fraction, and prevalence surveys. The 5 criteria include representativeness, bias, sampling error, lag time, and spatial differences in measurement. The authors encourage policy makers to consider small case counts, systematic over- and under-estimation, disproportionate impact against certain populations, importance of qualitative data, and transparency while analyzing the different data types.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Academies Press. (May 28, 2021). Evaluating Data Types: A Guide for Decision Makers Using Data to Understand the Extent and Spread of COVID-19. National Academies Press. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/25826\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/25826<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-01392-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Count the Cost of Disability Caused by COVID-19<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-01442-9\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Had COVID? You\u2019ll Probably Make Antibodies for a Lifetime<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-021-00953-x\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cellular Disturbances in COVID-19<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Nature Immunology (June 26)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004175\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Broader View of Risk to Health Care Workers: Perspectives on Supporting Vulnerable Health Care Professional Households During COVID-19<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n1359\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Covid-19: Variants Are Spreading in Countries with Low Vaccination Rates<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 BMJ (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1573396317666210526155313\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COVID-19 IN CHILDREN: A NARRATIVE REVIEW<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Current Pediatric Reviews (May 26)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7021a3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Notes from the Field: Impact of the COVID-19 Response on Scale-Up of HIV Viral Load Testing \u2014 PEPFAR-Supported Countries, January\u2013June 2020<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (May 28)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n1365\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Covid-19: D\/Deaf Healthcare Workers Faced \u201cWidespread, Systemic Discrimination\u201d during Pandemic, Study Finds<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 BMJ (May 26)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/29802\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Health Information Seeking on Social Media During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Survey of American SNS Users (Preprint)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Journal of Medical Internet Research (Apr 20)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.25.21257823\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Estimating the Wave 1 and Wave 2 Infection Fatality Rates from SARS-CoV-2 in India<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MedRxiv (May 27)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2021.256\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Healthcare Personnel in a Veterans Affairs Healthcare System<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology (May 27)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMe2108949\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Audio Interview: Protecting the Immunosuppressed against Covid-19<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 The New England Journal of Medicine (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.25.21257434\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Geographical and Temporal Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Globally An Attempt to Correlate Case Fatality Rate with the Circulating Dominant SARS-CoV-2 Clades<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 MedRxiv (May 27)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajt.16700\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Severe Consequences of COVID-19 Infection among Vaccinated Kidney Transplant Recipients<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 American Journal of Transplantation (May 27)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.2079\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Return to Play for Athletes After COVID-19 Infection<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 JAMA Cardiology (May 27)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01689-3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Systematic and Meta-Analysis Review on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Antibodies in the Serological Diagnosis of COVID-19<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Systematic Reviews (Dec 26)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-90483-1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Spatiotemporal Contact Density Explains the Disparity of COVID-19 Spread in Urban Neighborhoods<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Scientific Reports (May)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Report prepared by the UW Alliance for Pandemic Preparedness and Global Health Security and the START Center in collaboration with and on behalf of WA DOH COVID-19 Incident Management Team<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were 60% effective against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection 14-20 days after the first dose and 91% effective \u22657 days after the second dose in a test-negative study among symptomatic adults in Ontario, Canada between December 2020 to April 2021 (n=324,033), with even higher effectiveness against severe outcomes. Vaccine effectiveness remained high against variants of concern. <\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2021\/05\/28\/evaluating-data-types-a-guide-for-decision-makers-using-data-to-understand-the-extent-and-spread-of-covid-19\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6498,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-10083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10083"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10107,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10083\/revisions\/10107"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10083"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10083"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10083"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=10083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}