{"id":1570,"date":"2020-10-15T09:12:03","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T16:12:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=1570"},"modified":"2020-10-16T09:35:19","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T16:35:19","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-oct-15-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/10\/15\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-oct-15-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 LITERATURE SITUATION REPORT OCT. 15, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<p><em>Today&#8217;s summary is based on a review of 88 articles (28 published, 60 in preprint).<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>In an ongoing randomized controlled phase 1 trial of RNA-vaccine candidates BNT162b1 and BNT162b2, both vaccine candidates elicited similar SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing titers. BNT162b2 was associated with a lower incidence and severity of systemic reactions than BNT162b1, particularly among older adults. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2027906\">More<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>An indoor hockey game was associated with a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in which 14 of 21 players (including the index case) experienced COVID-19 symptoms, 13 of whom tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6941a4\">More<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Significant decreases in neutralizing antibody titers in 18 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients in South Korea were measured between 2 and 5 months after infection. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2701.203515\">More<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-1577\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Social Contact Patterns among Employees in 3 U.S. Companies during Early Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] A cross-sectional study used data from 2 contact diaries from employees from 2 consulting companies and 1 university department in Georgia to measure the number of contacts per person per day between April and June. Among 3835 employees, 304 (8%) completed both diaries and had a median of 2 contacts per day per person; 55% of which involved conversation only, 64% occurred at home, and 38% were &gt;4 hours. Most contacts were repeated, and within the same age groups, though substantial inter-generational mixing with children was reported among participants aged 30-59.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kiti et al. (Oct 15, 2020). Social Contact Patterns among Employees in 3 U.S. Companies during Early Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic April to June 2020. Pre-print downloaded Oct 15 from <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.10.14.20212423\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.10.14.20212423<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-1575\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Demographic Characteristics, Experiences, and Beliefs Associated with Hand Hygiene Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic \u2014 United States<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>Among 4,817 US adults responding to an internet-based survey administered in June, 85% reported frequent hand hygiene (handwashing or hand sanitizing) after contact with public surfaces. Males, young adults (age 18-24), respondents less concerned about risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and respondents who did not personally know someone who had received a positive SARS-CoV-2 test reported less frequent hand hygiene.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Czeisler et al. (Oct 16, 2020). Demographic Characteristics, Experiences, and Beliefs Associated with Hand Hygiene Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic \u2014 United States, June 24\u201330, 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6941a3\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6941a3<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Transmission<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-1579\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">An Outbreak of COVID-19 Associated with a Recreational Hockey Game<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>A SARS-CoV-2 outbreak was identified in an indoor hockey game in Tampa, Florida in June. The index case experienced symptoms one day after the game; 2 days later he received a positive antigen test. Overall, 62% (13 of 21) players experienced illness 2-5 days after the game (8 teammates, 5 members of the other team), as did one rink staff member. Thirteen of 15 people, including the index case, had positive SARS-CoV-2 tests (11 PCR, 2 antigen). Two on-ice referees and one spectator were asymptomatic but did not seek testing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Atrubin et al. (Oct 16, 2020). An Outbreak of COVID-19 Associated with a Recreational Hockey Game \u2014 Florida, June 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6941a4\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6941a4<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-1583\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Healthcare Workers with Mild Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Show T Cell Responses and Neutralising Antibodies after the First Wave<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] A cohort study of 136 healthcare workers in the UK found that 90% of the 76 workers with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection had detectable neutralizing antibodies at the beginning of the lockdown and 66% of the same workers had them after 16-18 weeks. T-cell responses tended to be lower among asymptomatic participants, while neutralizing antibody titers were maintained irrespective of symptoms, suggesting that healthcare workers may retain some functional protection for at least 4 months after experiencing mild or asymptomatic infection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Reynolds et al. (Oct 14, 2020). Healthcare Workers with Mild Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Show T Cell Responses and Neutralising Antibodies after the First Wave. Pre-print downloaded Oct 15 from <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.10.13.20211763\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.10.13.20211763<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-1581\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical Characteristics Symptoms Management and Health Outcomes in 8598 Pregnant Women Diagnosed with COVID-19 Compared to 27510 with Seasonal Influenza in France Spain and the US<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] A network cohort analysis of 8,598 pregnant women from France, Spain, and the US with COVID-19 found that women who were eventually hospitalized were more likely to have kidney impairment and anemia. Compared to a cohort of 27,510 pregnant women diagnosed with influenza during the 2017-2018 flu season, pregnant women with COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of shortness of breath and loss of smell (anosmia), while also experiencing higher frequency of C-section, preterm delivery, and poorer maternal outcomes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lai et al. (Oct 14, 2020). Clinical Characteristics Symptoms Management and Health Outcomes in 8598 Pregnant Women Diagnosed with COVID-19 Compared to 27510 with Seasonal Influenza in France Spain and the US a Network Cohort Analysis. Pre-print downloaded Oct 15 from <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.10.13.20211821\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.10.13.20211821<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Vaccines and Immunity<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-1589\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Candidates<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>In an ongoing randomized controlled phase 1 trial of RNA-vaccine candidates BNT162b1 and BNT162b2 (n=195), both vaccine candidates elicited similar dose-dependent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing titers, which were similar to titers of a panel of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent serum samples. BNT162b2 was associated with a lower incidence and severity of systemic reactions than BNT162b1, particularly in older adults, supporting its selection for advancement to phase 2-3 evaluations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Walsh et al. (Oct 14, 2020). Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Candidates. New England Journal of Medicine. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2027906\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2027906<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-1587\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1\/2 trial<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>In a randomized placebo-controlled phase 1\/2 trial of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, BBIBP-CorV, 192 healthy adults were randomized to receive vaccine (2, 4, or 8 \u03bcg) or placebo in a 3:1 ratio, stratified by age (18-59 and \u226560) in phase 1. Adverse reactions within the first 7 days of inoculation were reported by 42 (29%) of 144 vaccine recipients; all were mild or moderate. Neutralizing antibody titers were higher at day 42 among 18-59 year-olds than those \u226560, and demonstrated a dose response. In phase 2, 448 were randomized to receive a single 8 \u03bcg injection or two 4 \u03bcg injections. All adverse reactions remained mild or moderate. Neutralizing antibody titers were significantly higher on day 28 among all two-dose 4 \u03bcg schedules than the single 8 \u03bcg dose (p&lt;0.0001).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Xia et al. (Oct 15, 2020). Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1\/2 trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30831-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30831-8<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-1585\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Waning Antibody Responses in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li>Geometric mean SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers of 18 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients in South Korea decreased from 219.4 at 2 months to 143.7 at 5 months (p=0.03) after infection, indicating a waning antibody response. The decline was significantly associated with antibody levels at 2 months and happened more frequently in symptomatic patients who developed pneumonia (n=11), while none of the 7 asymptomatic participants experienced waning neutralizing antibody response.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Choe et al. (Oct 13, 2021). Waning Antibody Responses in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Emerging Infectious Diseases. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2701.203515\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2701.203515<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Other Resources and Commentaries<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32153-X\">Scientific Consensus on the COVID-19 Pandemic: We Need to Act Now<\/a> \u2013 The Lancet (Oct 15)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.10.12.20211565\">Funding and COVID-19 Research Priorities &#8211; Are the Research Needs for Africa Being Met<\/a> \u2013 MedRxiv (Oct 14)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100591\">Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes among Hospitalized Adults with Severe COVID-19 Admitted to a Tertiary Medical Center and Receiving Antiviral, Antimalarials, Glucocorticoids, or Immunomodulation with Tocilizumab or Cyclosporine: A Retrospective Observational Study (COQUIMA cohort)<\/a> \u2013 EClinicalMedicine (Oct 15)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30241-7\">Epidemiological Changes on the Isle of Wight after the Launch of the NHS Test and Trace Programme: A Preliminary Analysis<\/a> \u2013 The Lancet Digital Health (Oct 14)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-020-02856-7\">How Anti-Ageing Drugs Could Boost COVID Vaccines in Older People<\/a> \u2013 Nature (Oct 15)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.10.11.20210658\">What Is the Evidence for Transmission of COVID-19 by Children in Schools A Living Systematic Review<\/a> \u2013 MedRxiv (Oct 14)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Report prepared by the UW Alliance for Pandemic Preparedness and the START Center in collaboration with and on behalf of WA DOH COVID-19 Incident Management Team.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In an ongoing randomized controlled phase 1 trial of RNA-vaccine candidates BNT162b1 and BNT162b2, both vaccine candidates elicited similar SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing titers.  BNT162b2 was associated with a lower incidence and severity of systemic reactions than BNT162b1, particularly among older adults. <\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/10\/15\/waning-antibody-responses-in-asymptomatic-and-symptomatic-sars-cov-2-infection\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":348,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-1570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1570"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1591,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1570\/revisions\/1591"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1570"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=1570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}