{"id":3922,"date":"2020-01-29T11:23:12","date_gmt":"2020-01-29T19:23:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=3922"},"modified":"2021-02-22T11:29:45","modified_gmt":"2021-02-22T19:29:45","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-january-29-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/01\/29\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-january-29-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report January 29, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Estimates of R<\/b><b>0<\/b><b>, incubation period, and illness duration are still inconsistent as researchers rely on a range of case reporting sources. Even so, some patterns are beginning to emerge and may be worth noting, with caution. Current research suggests:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>R<\/b><b>0 <\/b><b>of <\/b><b>up to<\/b><b> around 4, with variation by community characteristics.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Incubation period of 1-11 days with an average of 4-6.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Roughly 14 days on average between illness onset and death among fatal cases.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>One study found that patients who died tended to align with the MuLBSTA score for predicting mortality in viral pneumonia and often died of multiple organ failure.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Germany has reported what may be the first *known* case of asymptomatic person-to-person transmission of the virus.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Transmission<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-3923\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Germany confirms human transmission of coronavirus<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Limited information is available about potential <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">person-to-person<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> transmission in Germany. A person who had not travelled to China was diagnosed with 2019-nCoV after attending a company training with a colleague from China. The Chinese colleague had recently been visited by family who came from Wuhan. It appears that transmission between the traveler and the German national occurred while the traveler was still <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">asymptomatic<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Available from: <\/span><\/i><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-confirms-human-transmission-of-coronavirus\/a-52169007\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-confirms-human-transmission-of-coronavirus\/a-52169007<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Modeling and Prediction<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-3935\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The incubation period of 2019-nCoV infections among travelers from Wuhan, China<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Based on travel history and symptom onset of 34 confirmed cases detected outside of Wuhan during Jan 20-23, researchers estimated a mean incubation period of 5.8 days (95% CI, 4.6-7.9) with a range of 1.3-11.3 days. These cases were likely infected in Wuhan.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Details for modeling the incubation period are included as well as a table comparing mean incubation period estimates across studies of 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Backer et al. (Jan 28, 2020). The incubation period of 2019-nCoV infections among travelers from Wuhan, China. Pre-Print.<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.01.27.20018986\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.01.27.20018986<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-3933\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus\u2013Infected Pneumonia<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researchers provide demographic characteristics, exposure history, and epidemic for 425 laboratory-confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV reported prior to Jan 22, 2020 divided over three time periods: cases with illness onset prior to Jan 1, onset Jan 1-Jan 11, and onset Jan 12 or after.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patients with earlier onset were more likely to report exposure to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mean incubation period estimated to be 5.2 days (95% CI: 4.1-7.0).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">R<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was estimated at 2.2 (95% CI: 1.4-3.9).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There was some variation in time between illness onset and first clinical visit and hospitalization across the three time periods.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Findings support a 14-day observation period for exposed persons.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Li et al. (Jan 29, 2020). Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus\u2013Infected Pneumonia. NEJM. DOI: 10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316 <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-3931\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak.<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researchers modeled confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV in mainland China from Jan 10-Jan 24. They estimated an R<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of 2.24-3.35.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zhao et al. (Jan 29, 2020). Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak. Pre-Print. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.01.23.916395\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.01.23.916395<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-3929\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus infection: A statistical analysis of publicly available case data<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using publicly available case data in official reports from government institutes, researchers used modelling techniques to estimate:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Incubation period of 2-9 days with a median incubation period of 4-5 days.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Median time from illness onset to hospitalization = 3 days<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Recommended length of isolation and quarantine should be at least 9 days.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Median time delay of 13.8 days from illness onset to death should be used for estimating case fatality risk.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Linton et al. (Jan 29, 2020). Epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus infection: A statistical analysis of publicly available case data. Pre-Print. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.01.26.20018754\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.01.26.20018754<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-3927\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">This modeling study indicates that 2019-nCoV has a higher 2 effective reproduction number than SARS with a comparable fatality rate.<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using daily case reports from China CDC, researchers estimate the effective reproductive number (R, not R<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) for 2019-nCoV. R is the number of secondary cases expected for each infectious case <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">once an epidemic is already underway.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">R is estimated as 4.08, compared to SARS-CoV in Beijing (2.76) and Guangzhou (3.01).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They also predict the future outbreak profile, and in doing so evidence suggests that human-to-human transmission likely began before 12\/16\/2020, contradicting current estimates.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Case fatality is estimated to reach 6.5%, compared to SARS-CoV in Beijing (7.66%) and Guangzhou (3.61%).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cao et al. (Jan 29, 2020). This modeling study indicates that 2019-nCoV has a higher<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2 effective reproduction number than SARS with a comparable fatality rate. Pre-Print. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.01.27.20018952\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.01.27.20018952<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Origins, Reservoir, and Virus Background<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-3939\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Full-genome evolutionary analysis of the novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) rejects the hypothesis of emergence as a result of a recent recombination event<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researchers in Greece aimed to characterize genetic relationships and to identify the presumed recombination within the sarbecovirus subgenus. Similar to other studies, they found around 96% similarity between 2019-nCoV and BatCoV RaTG13, associated with bats from Yunnan Province. Results indicate that this virus is <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">not<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the result of a recent recombination event.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Results still point to bats as the likely origin.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Paraskevis et al (Jan 27, 2020). Full-genome evolutionary analysis of the novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) rejects the hypothesis of emergence as a result of a recent recombination event. Pre-Print. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.01.26.920249\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.01.26.920249<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-3937\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Samples from nine patients, eight with Wuhan travel history, were evaluated. Genome sequence identity between patients was 99.98%. 2019-nCoV had 88% sequence identity (similarity) with two SARS-like coronaviruses with bat origin but was less similar to SARS-CoV (79%) and MERS-CoV (50%). Receptor-binding domain structure was similar to SARS-CoV.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In line with other studies, the virus appears to be within the subgenus Sarbecovirus of genus Betacoronavirus.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While bats are identified as the likely origin, evidence points to a potential intermediary host sold at the Wuhan seafood market.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lu et al. (Jan 29, 2020). Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. The Lancet. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Clinical Characteristics<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-3941\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All 99 cases identified from Jan 1 \u2013 Jan 20, 2020 at a single Wuhan hospital confirmed by RT-PCR are described. Patients who died aligned with the MuLBSTA score for predicting mortality in viral pneumonia.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">49% had exposure to the Huanan seafood market<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">51% had chronic diseases\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical manifestations: fever (83%), cough (82%), shortness of breath (31%), muscle ache (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">11%)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and confusion, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, chest pain, diarrhea, and nausea\/vomiting all less than 10%.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">75% had bilateral pneumonia, 14% had multiple mottling and ground glass opacity, one patient had pneumothorax.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">17 patients (17%) developed acute respiratory distress syndrome.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">11 of these died of multiple organ failure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chen et al. (Jan 29, 2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/marlin-prod.literatumonline.com\/pb-assets\/Lancet\/pdfs\/S0140673620302117.pdf\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/marlin-prod.literatumonline.com\/pb-assets\/Lancet\/pdfs\/S0140673620302117.pdf<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>International, Federal, and State Guidelines and Advice<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/29\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-health-care-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Advice on the Use of Masks the Community, During Home Care and in Health Care Settings in the Context of the Novel Coronavirus (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) Outbreak <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 WHO<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/28\/2020:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/cdna-national-guidelines-for-public-health-units-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">CDNA (Communicable Diseases Network Australia) National Guidelines for Public Health Units: Novel Coronavirus (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 AUSTRALIA<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/26\/2020:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail\/risk-communication-and-community-engagement-readiness-and-initial-response-for-novel-coronaviruses-(-ncov)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) Readiness and Response to the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Novel Coronavirus (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">): Interim Guidance V2 <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 WHO<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/26\/2020:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/risk-assessment-outbreak-acute-respiratory-syndrome-associated-novel-0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Outbreak of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Associated With a Novel Coronavirus, China: First Cases Imported in the EU\/EEA; Second Update; Rapid Risk Assessment <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 ECDC<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/26\/2020:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/phln-guidance-on-laboratory-testing-for-2019-ncov\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PHLN (Public Health Laboratory Network) Guidance on Laboratory Testing for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i> <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u00a0&#8211; AUSTRALIA<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/25\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/early-investigations\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Household Transmission Investigation Protocol for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-Novel Coronavirus (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) Infection <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; WHO<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/25\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/hcp-personnel-checklist.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Healthcare Professional Preparedness Checklist For Transport and Arrival of Patients Potentially Infected with <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i> <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 CDC\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/25\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/hcp-hospital-checklist.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hospital Preparedness Checklist for Suspected or Confirmed <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Patients <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 CDC<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/23\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/23-01-2020-statement-on-the-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Statement on the Meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee Regarding the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 WHO\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/23\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/novel-coronavirus-information-sheet-for-emergency-departments\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Novel Coronavirus Information Sheet for Emergency Departments <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 AUSTRALIA<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/23\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/novel-coronavirus-information-sheet-for-primary-and-community-health-workers\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Novel Coronavirus Information Sheet for Primary and Community Health Workers <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8211; AUSTRALIA<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/22\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/risk-assessment-outbreak-acute-respiratory-syndrome-associated-novel-coronavirus\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Outbreak of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Associated with a Novel Coronavirus, Wuhan, China: First Update; Rapid Risk Assessment <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8211; ECDC\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/21\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-nCoV\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Novel Coronavirus, Wuhan, China <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 CDC\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/21\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail\/global-surveillance-for-human-infection-with-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Global Surveillance for Human Infection with Novel Coronavirus (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">): Interim Guidance <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8211; WHO\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/21\/2015: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.centerforhealthsecurity.org\/resources\/fact-sheets\/pdfs\/coronaviruses.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Coronaviruses: SARS, MERS, and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i> <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8211; JOHNS HOPKINS<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/20\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail\/home-care-for-patients-with-suspected-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-presenting-with-mild-symptoms-and-management-of-contacts\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Home Care for Patients with Suspected Novel Coronavirus (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) Infection Presenting with Mild Symptoms and Management of Contacts: Interim Guidance <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8211; WHO\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/18\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-nCoV\/infection-control.html\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Novel Coronavirus, Wuhan, China: Interim Healthcare Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients Under Investigation for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Novel Coronavirus <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8211; CDC\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/18\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/guidance-home-care.html\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Novel Coronavirus, Wuhan, China: Interim Guidance for Implementing Home Care of People Not Requiring Hospitalization for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Novel Coronavirus (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 CDC\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/17\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/coronavirus\/laboratory-diagnostics-for-novel-coronavirus\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Laboratory Testing for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Novel Coronavirus (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) in Suspected Human Cases <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 WHO<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/17\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-nCoV\/clinical-criteria.html\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Novel Coronavirus, Wuhan, China: Interim Guidance for Healthcare Professionals <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 CDC<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/17\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-nCoV\/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Novel Coronavirus, Wuhan, China: Interim Guidelines for Collecting, Handling, and Testing Clinical Specimens from Patients Under Investigation (PUIs) for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Novel Coronavirus (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 CDC<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/17\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-nCoV\/lab-biosafety-guidelines.html\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Novel Coronavirus, Wuhan, China: Interim Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines for Handling and Processing Specimens Associated with <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Novel Coronavirus (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8211; CDC<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/17\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/rapid-risk-assessment-cluster-pneumonia-cases-caused-novel-coronavirus-wuhan\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cluster of Pneumonia Cases Caused by a Novel Coronavirus, Wuhan, China: Rapid Risk Assessment <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 ECDC<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/15\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/internal-publications-detail\/surveillance-case-definitions-for-human-infection-withnovel-coronavirus-(ncov)\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Surveillance Case Definitions for Human Infection with Novel Coronavirus (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">): Interim Guidance V2 <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 WHO<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/coronavirus\/who-recommendations-to-reduce-risk-of-transmission-of-emerging-pathogens-from-animals-to-humans-in-live-animal-markets\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WHO (World Health Organization) Recommendations to Reduce Risk of Transmission of Emerging Pathogens from Animals to Humans in Live Animal Markets <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 WHO\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/2020:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/risk-assessment-guidelines-infectious-diseases-transmitted-aircraft-ragida-middle\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Risk Assessment Guidelines for Infectious Diseases Transmitted on Aircraft (RAGIDA): Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV); Technical Report <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 ECDC<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1\/2020: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/openwho.org\/courses\/introduction-to-ncov\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Emerging Respiratory Viruses, Including <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nCoV<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Methods for Detection, Prevention, Response and Control <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 WHO\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Estimates of R0, incubation period, and illness duration are still inconsistent as researchers rely on a range of case reporting sources. Even so, some patterns are beginning to emerge and may be worth noting, with caution.<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/01\/29\/epidemiological-and-clinical-characteristics-of-99-cases-of-2019-novel-coronavirus-pneumonia-in-wuhan-china-a-descriptive-study\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":175,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-3922","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3922"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3922\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4301,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3922\/revisions\/4301"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3922"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=3922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}