{"id":3989,"date":"2020-02-03T13:28:34","date_gmt":"2020-02-03T21:28:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=3989"},"modified":"2021-02-17T17:52:14","modified_gmt":"2021-02-18T01:52:14","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-february-3-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/02\/03\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-february-3-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report February 3, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Implications of 2019-nCoV recognition of the human cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) is a hot topic, with researchers considering everything from potential therapies to novel transmission mechanisms based on this information.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Accurate estimates of the basic reproductive number for 2019-nCoV are difficult to calculate given the current uncertainties in the developing epidemic. A recent paper using a pooled estimate found an estimated R<\/b><b>0<\/b><b> of 3.1, with likely values ranging from 2.1-5.7.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Transmission<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-3990\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">H Zhang, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">et al<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> propose a potential digestive system route of transmission, based on gene expression data related to angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) in human tissues from lung, esophagus, stomach, ileum, and colon. Among ACE2-expressing cells in the tissue types assessed, ACE2 expression was found to be highest in the ileum and colon.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ACE2 appears to be important in cellular mechanisms of infection by 2019-nCoV and other coronaviruses (e.g., SARS). Patients with 2019-nCov can have GI symptoms. Fecal transmission of SARS CoV was a neglected risk during the SARS epidemic.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Epidemiologic support for the potential role in transmission is not provided.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zhang H, et al. (Jan 31, 2020). The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes. Pre-Print. https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.01.30.927806v1<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Modeling and Prediction<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-3992\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Reconciling early-outbreak preliminary estimates of the baseline reproductive number and its uncertainty: a new framework and applications to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SW Park, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">et al.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> assess preliminary basic reproductive number (R<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) estimates in several reported modeling approaches. They identify improved information on generation interval (time from when an individual is infected to when they infect another individual) as a key parameter to improve R<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> estimates.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The pooled estimate of R<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> constructed using their defined approach is 3.1, with a 95% confidence interval of 2.1-5.7. This wide confidence interval likely reflect uncertainties in the currently available epidemic information.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Park SW, et al. (Feb 2, 2020). Reconciling early-outbreak preliminary estimates of the baseline reproductive number and its uncertainty: a new framework and applications to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Pre-Print. https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.01.30.20019877v2<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Origins, Reservoir, and Virus Background<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-3994\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-1 coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">M Hoffman, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">et al<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. found that 2019-nCoV uses the same receptor, ACE2, used by SARS viruses to invade host cells; and that another cellular protease may be part of the process, presenting another potential target for therapy. They also consider how similarities with SARS may translate to 2019-nCoV transmission and pathogenicity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sera from a convalescent SARS patient partially inhibited 2019-nCov entry into target cells <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in vitro<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Extrapulmonary SARS-CoV spread in ACE2-expressing tissues was observed, and should be assessed for 2019-nCoV. The role of an additional protein (TMPRSS2) in 2019n-CoV entry may affect these comparisons.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hoffman M, et al. (31 Jan, 2020). The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-1 coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells. Pre-Print. <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.01.31.929042v1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.01.31.929042v1<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-3996\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article provides additional information on a father-son pair from Vietnam, reported earlier<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The father was a 65 year-old with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and lung cancer.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He became ill with fever on 17 January, 2020, and was admitted to hospital through the ED on 22 January. His condition was improving on and after 26 January.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He tested positive (RT-PCR) for 2019-nCoV from a throat swab.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chest x-ray showed left lung upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed for a few days and started to resolve in hospital<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He was treated empirically with antivirals and broad-spectrum antibiotics (unspecified); and on supplemental oxygen due to increasing hypoxia and dyspnea.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The son was an otherwise-healthy 27 year old with dry cough, fever, loose stools, and vomiting before admission, starting on 20 January (estimated incubation period, 3 days).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He presented at the hospital on the same day as his father (22 Jan) and had normal chest x-ray and labs. He was listed as stable from 23 January on.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He also tested positive (RT-PCR) for 2019-nCoV from a throat swab.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Phan LT, et al. (2020). Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam. NEJM. DOI: 10.1056\/NEJMc2001272\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Implications of 2019-nCoV recognition of the human cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) is a hot topic, with researchers considering everything from potential therapies to novel transmission mechanisms based on this information.<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/02\/03\/importation-and-human-to-human-transmission-of-a-novel-coronavirus-in-vietnam-2\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":334,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-3989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3989","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3989"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3989\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4305,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3989\/revisions\/4305"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3989"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3989"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3989"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=3989"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}