{"id":4000,"date":"2020-02-04T13:39:57","date_gmt":"2020-02-04T21:39:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=4000"},"modified":"2021-02-22T11:52:41","modified_gmt":"2021-02-22T19:52:41","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-february-4-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/02\/04\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-february-4-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report February 4, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Despite a flawed earlier report, asymptomatic transmission has not been confirmed in peer-reviewed literature.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Incubation period estimates are coalescing around 5 days, with the vast majority of persons developing symptoms within 11 days and a small number (&lt;1%) extending beyond 14 days .<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Modeling assumptions continue to change with increasing information on the epidemic.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Review articles are beginning to surface. Wang and Zhang\u2019s review in <\/b><b><i>The Lancet<\/i><\/b><b>, published on-line today, is a great read (reference below, under \u201cOther Resources\u201d).<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Transmission <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and Geographic Spread<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4005\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Emergence of a novel coronavirus causing respiratory illness from Wuhan, China<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tang, et al. provide a brief synopsis of two Thai cases and a case from Japan, noting that these did not enter the specific \u201cwet market\u201d at the epicenter of the current epidemic and were not epi-linked to each other<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They go on to cite the non-specific symptoms identified among the early cases; the lack of pediatric cases; and the need for seroprevalence surveys.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tang JW, et al. (2020) Emergence of a novel coronavirus causing respiratory illness from Wuhan, China, Journal of Infection. doi: <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.01.014\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.01.014<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4003\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The incubation period of 2019-nCoV from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Incubation periods were assessed by Lauer, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">et al.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> based on 101 confirmed cases with identifiable exposure windows from outside Hubei province (other parts of China plus globally). Case were 62% male with a mean age of 52 years.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mean incubation period: 5.2 days (95% CI, 4.4, 6.0 days)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">95% of persons developed symptoms within 10.5 days (95% CI, 7.3, 15.3 days)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">64\/10,000 cases may develop symptoms after 14 days (&lt;1%)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Median incubation time assessing fever only: 5.7 days, with 97.5% of persons experiencing fever within 11.4 days (95% CI: 6.1, 17.8 days)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A subset of patients with symptom onset outside a facility had a mean time of 2.7 days from symptoms to hospitalization. [<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Note:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Consistent with Sun, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">et al.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, below]<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Incubation periods appear on average almost a day shorter in China than elsewhere, possibly due to a bias that persons able to travel out of China tended to have longer incubation periods.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These estimates are generally consistent with earlier estimates and those for SARS and MERS, though longer than the roughly 3-day period seen for other non-SARS human coronaviruses.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lauer SA, et al. (Feb 4, 2020). The incubation period of 2019-nCoV from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application. Pre-Print downloaded on 4 Feb, 2020 from, <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.02.02.20020016v1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.02.02.20020016v1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4001\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Study claiming new coronavirus can be transmitted by people without symptoms was flawed<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Science news reports that the NEJM article on asymptomatic transmission erred in describing the infected traveler from China as asymptomatic. Follow-up by regional authorities in Germany found that the traveler did have respiratory and other symptoms while in Germany.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An update in the NEJM is expected soon.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kupferschmidt K (Feb 3, 2020, 5:30 PM) Study claiming new coronavirus can be transmitted by people without symptoms was flawed. ScienceMag.org (American Association for the Advancement of Science). Accessed 3 Feb, 2020 from, <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2020\/02\/paper-non-symptomatic-patient-transmitting-coronavirus-wrong\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2020\/02\/paper-non-symptomatic-patient-transmitting-coronavirus-wrong<\/span><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\">Modeling and Prediction<\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4015\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven correlational report<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Train travel was correlated with the spread of 2019-nCoV through mainland China.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zhao S, et al. (in press) DOI: <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101568\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101568<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4013\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Effectiveness of airport screening at detecting travelers infected with 2019-nCoV<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airport screening will likely miss about 46% of infected travelers (in line with prior estimates)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Quilty, et al. Pre-print downloaded 2 Feb, 2020 at, <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.01.31.20019265v1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.01.31.20019265v1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4011\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Estimating the risk on outbreak spreading of 2019-nCoV in China using transportation data<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using information from an International Air Transport Data database, SIR modeling techniques, and R<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> estimates ranging from 1.4-2.9, critical timeframes for outbreak emergence (establishing transmission in a new locale) range from about 18-30 days. To gain 30 days in these scenarios, control measures must reduce connections between locales by 87-95%.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yuan HY, et al. Pre-print downloaded 4 Feb, 2020 at, <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.02.01.20019984v1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.02.01.20019984v1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4009\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">2019-20 Wuhan coronavirus outbreak: Intense surveillance is vital for preventing sustained transmission in new locations<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chances of sustained transmission from an introduced case are about 37% without surveillance and 0.5% with \u201cintense surveillance.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thompson RN (2020) Pre-print downloaded 3 Feb, 2020 at, <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.01.24.919159v1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.01.24.919159v1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4007\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Early dynamics of transmission and control of 2019-nCoV: a mathematical modelling study<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In locations with \u201csimilar transmission potential as Wuhan,\u201d three or more introduced cases will lead to a more than 50% chance of the infection becoming established in that locale\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kucharski, et al. Pre-print downloaded 2 Feb, 2020 at, <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.01.31.20019901v1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.01.31.20019901v1<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Virology<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4019\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">An emerging coronavirus causing pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China: calling for developing therapeutic and prophylactic strategies<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jiang, et al. provide a review of sequence homologies among SARS, MERS, and bat-SL-CoV\u2019s related to 2019-nCoV strains in order to predict the potential utility of viral replication inhibitors found effective for SARS and MERS in animal models\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They align 2019-nCoV S protein sequence with those of SARS-CoV and several bat-SL-CoVs to predict the cleavage site for generating S1 and S2 subunits; likely functioning of those subunits; and specific candidate molecules to interfere with viral replication<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two functional domains of the S1 subunit: binding of the virion to the host cell receptor\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Three functional domains of the S2 subunit: fusion between viral and cellular membranes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jiang S, et al. (2020) An emerging coronavirus causing pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China: calling for developing therapeutic and prophylactic strategies, Emerging Microbes &amp; Infections. 9:1, 275-277, DOI: 10.1080\/22221751.2020.1723441<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4017\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Fast assessment of human receptor-binding capability of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Huang and Herrman perform large-scale protein-protein docking experiments to quantify the interactions of 2019-nCoV S-protein receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) with human receptor ACE2\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sampling a large number of thermodynamically probable binding conformations with Monte Carlo algorithm, they established an experiment-based strength reference for evaluating the receptor-binding affinity of 2019-nCoV via comparison with SARS-CoV.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The binding affinity of 2019-nCoV S-RBD was about 73% of that of SARS-CoV<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This method might also be applied for rapidly assessing human transmission capability of other newly emerging CoV; and shows the utility of protein-protein interaction analyses<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Huang Q and Herrman A (Feb 4, 2020). Fast assessment of human receptor-binding capability of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Pre-Print downloaded on 4 Feb, 2020 from, <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.02.01.930537v2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.02.01.930537v2<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics and Care Seeking<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4021\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Early epidemiological analysis of the 2019-nCoV outbreak based on a crowdsourced data<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<p><b><i>Context<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Based on current reports from China,<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the case fatality (%) among confirmed cases since the start of the epidemic is 2.1% (15% among \u201csevere\u201d cases; 1% among all confirmed and suspected cases).<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sun, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et al.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> used crowdsourced data from a Chinese healthcare professional community network site and other publicly available data to provide information on demographics, hospitalization, and reporting lag during the period of Dec 2019 &#8211; Jan 2020. Case definitions are not specified.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They identified 288 apparently-hospitalized cases (200 in 5 provinces of mainland China; 88 international), including 39 fatalities (13.5%).<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cases were 63% male<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Median age: 44 years of age, with a majority of case over 30 years. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seven (2.4%) cases were under 15 years (est. adjusted relative risk for age &lt;15 yrs was 0.3).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Median age among those who died: 70 years. Two deaths (5%) occurred in persons &lt;50 yrs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Average lag in symptom onset to seeking care in China was 3 days, declining from 5 to 2 days before compared to after 18 January. In Hubei, the ~6 day average was probably affected by delays in the early Wuhan cases. Outside Hubei, the average was about 2 days; outside China, the average was same-day.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Average lag in hospitalization to report in China was 3 days, declining from 9 to 2 days before compared to after 18 January. In Hubei, the ~9 day average was probably affected by delays in the early Wuhan cases. Outside Hubei and internationally, the average was about 2 days.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Average lag in symptom onset to reporting was 5 days, ranging from 0-43 days.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rapid growth of cases in China outside Hubei is reported as consistent with sustained transmission in those other areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crowdsourced data appeared to capture more cases in China before the 18 Jan, when compared to national reporting; and slowed compared to national reporting after that.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sun K, et al. (Feb 4, 2020). Early epidemiological analysis of the 2019-nCoV outbreak based on a crowdsourced data. Pre-Print downloaded on 4 Feb, 2020 from, <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.01.31.20019935v1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.01.31.20019935v1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Other Resources<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><i>Need to get caught up? These review articles do a good job describing the overall 2019-nCoV situation\u2026<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A succinct review of 2019-nCoV epidemiology, virology, and clinical findings. What to do next for 2019-nCoV includes:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Assess the full spectrum of person-to-person transmission \u2013 including potential transmission before symptom onset and during convalescence, and spread through feces<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Identify best practices for patient treatment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Define clinical stages and pathogenesis, including understanding the lung microenvironment and immune responses<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Improve diagnostic testing<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Develop a vaccine; and assess prevention approaches for control through social distancing, quarantine, and isolation<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wang F and Zhang C. (4 February, 2020) What to do next to control the 2019-nCoV epidemic? The Lancet. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30300-7\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30300-7<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the case counts are out of date, this review includes useful context with comparisons to SARS, MERS, and other human coronaviruses.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bassetti M, et al. (31 January, 2020) The Novel Chinese Coronavirus (2019\u2010nCoV) Infections: challenges for fighting the storm. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.13209\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.13209<\/span><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><strong><i>Dashboards with updated maps and information on global case counts are available at,<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WHO:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/opsdashboard\/index.html#\/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/opsdashboard\/index.html#\/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">JHU:<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/who.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/opsdashboard\/index.html#\/c88e37cfc43b4ed3baf977d77e4a0667\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/who.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/opsdashboard\/index.html#\/c88e37cfc43b4ed3baf977d77e4a0667<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harvard and Boston Children\u2019s Hospital: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthmap.org\/ncov2019\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.healthmap.org\/ncov2019\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Despite a flawed earlier report, asymptomatic transmission has not been confirmed in peer-reviewed literature.<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/02\/04\/early-epidemiological-analysis-of-the-2019-ncov-outbreak-based-on-a-crowdsourced-data\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":282,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-4000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4000","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4000"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4000\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4490,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4000\/revisions\/4490"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4000"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4000"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4000"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=4000"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}