{"id":4699,"date":"2020-02-27T13:01:08","date_gmt":"2020-02-27T21:01:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=4699"},"modified":"2021-02-23T13:22:11","modified_gmt":"2021-02-23T21:22:11","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-february-27-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/02\/27\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-february-27-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report February 27, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>There remains no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted sexually.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Predictive models suggest that COVID-19 transmission will be highest across Eastern Europe and Japan, and lowest across Africa, Central America, and South-Western Asia due to population demographics, including age distribution.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Increasingly, estimates of case fatality risk are using time-adjusted denominators rather than the number of known deaths divided by the number of all known cases at a particular point in time to produce a more accurate epidemiologic picture.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transmission Dynamics<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4702\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Emergent Strategies for the Next Phase of COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Huh et al. discuss emergent strategies for the next phase of COVID-19. Their review of transmission dynamics from the earliest period of the outbreak showed characteristics such as; relatively large proportion of mild cases, high viral shedding at the symptom onset, and a slowly progressive clinical course, make containment difficult and undermine the effectiveness of the classic \u201csearch and isolate\u201d strategy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Huh et al (Feb 25, 2020). Emergent Strategies for the Next Phase of COVID-19.<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Infection and Chemotherapy.<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icjournal.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.3947\/ic.2020.52.e6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.icjournal.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.3947\/ic.2020.52.e6<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4700\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical features and sexual transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 infected female patients: a descriptive study in Wuhan, China<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cui et al. investigated possible sexual transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in 35 female patients diagnosed with COVID-19 using RT-PCR, to detect SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal environment and anal swab samples. All vaginal samples tested negative and only one anal swab sample tested positive. The results from this study do not indicate sexual transmission of SARS-CoV-2.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cui et al. (Feb 27, 2020). Clinical features and sexual transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 infected female patients: a descriptive study in Wuhan, China.<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pre-print downloaded Feb 27 from<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.26.20028225\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.26.20028225<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Virology<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4708\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Xu et al. provide a detailed systematic review and comparison of two animal-to human transmitted human coronaviruses, SARS-COV and SARS-CoV-2, in the context of virus incubation, originations, diagnosis and treatment methods, genomic and proteomic sequences, and pathogenic mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Xu et al. (Feb 22, 2020).<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Viruses.<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v12020244\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v12020244\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4706\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The search for possible intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 is still ongoing.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Liu et al. (Feb 27, 2020)<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2.<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pre-print downloaded Feb 27 from<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25726\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25726<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4704\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Genomic variations of COVID-19 suggest multiple outbreak sources of transmission<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zhang et al. reported evolution of COVID-19 strains to form two well-supported clades (Type I and II). Type II strains likely evolved from Type I and are more prevalent than Type I among infected patients. Second, by analyzing the three genomic sites distinguishing Type I and Type II strains, they found that the synonymous changes at two of the three sites confer higher protein translational efficiencies in Type II strains than in Type I strains, which explains why Type II strains are more contagious (transmissible) than Type I. These findings could be valuable for the current epidemic prevention and control.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zang et al. (Feb 27, 2020). Genomic variations of COVID-19 suggest multiple outbreak sources of transmission. Pre-print downloaded Feb 27 from<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.25.20027953\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.25.20027953<\/span><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modeling and Prediction<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4714\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Communicating the Risk of Death from Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kobayashi et al. reviewed key epidemiological problems with using case fatality rate (CFR) and infection fatality rate (IFR) to assess severity of COVID-19. They concluded that division of the cumulative number of deaths by that of cases should be adjusted by the delay in time from illness onset to reporting. They caution that assessing only confirmed cases among all infections offers limited insight into the severity among all infected individuals, and the IFR are reduced by a shorter virus detection window and lower RT-PCR sensitivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kobayashi et al (Feb 21, 2020).<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Communicating the Risk of Death from Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">J Clin Med. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9020580\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9020580<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4712\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Case fatality rate of novel coronavirus disease 2019 in China<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Qi et al. propose calculating case fatality risk by dividing the number of known deaths by the number of confirmed cases \u201cT\u201d days before, where \u201cT\u201d is an average time period from case confirmation to death. This approach could be used for diseases to calculate CFR before a pandemic ends.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Qi et al (Feb 26, 2020): Case fatality rate of novel coronavirus disease 2019 in China. Pre-print downloaded Feb 27 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.26.20028076\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.26.20028076<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4710\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Estimation of country-level basic reproductive ratios for novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) using synthetic contact matrices<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hilton and Keeling, in their estimation of country-level basic reproductive ratios for novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) using synthetic contact matrices, predict that R0 will be highest across Eastern Europe and Japan, and lowest across Africa, Central America and South-Western Asia. They argue that this pattern is largely driven by the demographics; ratio of children to older adults in each country and the observed propensity of clinical cases in the elderly.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hilton and Keeling (Feb 27, 2020).<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Estimation of country-level basic reproductive ratios for novel <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Coronavirus (COVID-19) using synthetic contact matrices<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pre-print downloaded Feb 27, 2020 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.26.20028167\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.26.20028167<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4724\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">De-isolating COVID-19 Suspect Cases: A Continuing Challenge<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tay et al. discuss the challenges of de-isolating COVID-19 suspect cases in Singapore. They report that no single indicator may be effectively used to decide on de-isolation of suspect cases. They provide criteria for de-isolation for COVID-19 suspect cases and conclude that a rigorous framework is required to help clinicians de-isolate COVID-19 patients safely.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tay et al. (Feb 26, 2020):<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">De-isolating COVID-19 Suspect Cases: A Continuing Challenge. Clinical Infectious Diseases<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-abstract\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa179\/5758073\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-abstract\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa179\/5758073<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4722\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical Features of COVID-19 -Related Liver Damage<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fan et al. warn medical practitioners that COVID-19 may cause liver damage, so treatment with Lopinavir\/ritonavir should be administered with caution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fan et al. (Feb 27, 2020). Clinical Features of COVID-19 -Related Liver Damage. Pre-print downloaded Feb 27 from<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.26.20026971\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.26.20026971<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4720\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical and radiographic features of cardiac injury in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hui and team investigated risk of cardiac injury in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia. They reported that cardiac injury was rare among light and mild patients, while common in severe and critical patients. They recommend monitoring heart function in COVID-2019 patients and applying potential interventions for those with abnormal cardiac injury related characteristics.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hui et al. (Feb 27, 2020). Clinical and radiographic features of cardiac injury in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pre-print downloaded Feb 27 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.24.20027052\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.24.20027052<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4718\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Comorbidity and its impact on 1,590 patients with COVID-19 in China: A Nationwide Analysis<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He et al. evaluated the spectrum of comorbidities and its impact on the clinical outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). They report comorbidities were present in 25% of patients with COVID-19 in China and were associated with poorer clinical outcomes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He et al. (Feb 27, 2020). Comorbidity and its impact on 1,590 patients with COVID-19 in China: A Nationwide Analysis. Pre-print downloaded Feb 27 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.25.20027664\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.25.20027664<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4716\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Correlation Analysis between Disease Severity and Inflammation-related Parameters in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gong et al. analyzed correlation between disease severity and inflammation-related parameters in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. They analyzed blood inflammation indicators among mild, severe, and critical patients, to help identify severe or critical patients early. They report age, interleukin-2 receptor, C-reactive protein, Ferro-protein, white blood cell and lymphocyte counts should be closely observed. IL-6, TNF\u03b1 and IL-8 might be promising therapeutic targets.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gong et al. (Feb 27, 2020). Correlation Analysis between Disease Severity and Inflammation-related Parameters in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia. Pre-print<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">downloaded Feb 27 from<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.25.20025643\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.25.20025643<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4728\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Emergence of Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: Need for Rapid Vaccine and Biologics Development<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Authors provide a detailed review of what is known and not known about SARS-CoV-19. They conclude that collaborative efforts of researchers are needed to fill the knowledge gaps about this new virus, to develop the proper diagnostic tools, and effective treatment to combat this infection. The need for rapid vaccine development and the potential of a plant system for biopharmaceutical development are discussed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shanmugaraj et al. (Feb 22, 2020):<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Emergence of Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: Need for Rapid Vaccine and Biologics Development. Pathogens. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens9020148\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens9020148<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4726\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical Data on Hospital Environmental Hygiene Monitoring and Medical Staffs Protection during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The outbreak of COVID-19 placed unprecedented challenges on hospital environmental hygiene and medical staff\u2019s protection in Hospitals China. Jiang et al. assessed hospital environmental hygiene (air and surfaces) using quantitative real RT-PCR methods. Viruses were detected on surfaces in the isolation area with suspected patients and in the air of the isolation ward with an intensive care patient. They concluded comprehensive monitoring of hospital environmental hygiene during pandemic outbreaks is necessary for refining hospital infection control to protect medical staff.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jiang et al. (Feb 27, 2020). Clinical Data on Hospital Environmental Hygiene Monitoring and Medical Staffs Protection during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak.<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pre-print downloaded Feb 27 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.25.20028043\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.25.20028043<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Other Resources<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMe2003319?query=featured_home\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Audio Interview: Preparing for the Spread of Covid-19<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 New England Journal of Medicine<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There remains no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted sexually.<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/02\/27\/clinical-data-on-hospital-environmental-hygiene-monitoring-and-medical-staffs-protection-during-the-coronavirus-disease-2019-outbreak\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":60,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-4699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4699"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4731,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4699\/revisions\/4731"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4699"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=4699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}