{"id":4795,"date":"2020-03-03T14:02:18","date_gmt":"2020-03-03T22:02:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/?p=4795"},"modified":"2021-02-23T14:26:22","modified_gmt":"2021-02-23T22:26:22","slug":"covid-19-literature-situation-report-march-3-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/03\/03\/covid-19-literature-situation-report-march-3-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Literature Situation Report March 3, 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The scientific literature on COVID-19 is rapidly evolving and these articles were selected for review based on their relevance to Washington State decision making around COVID-19 response efforts. Included in these Lit Reps are some manuscripts that have been made available online as pre-prints but have not yet undergone peer review. Please be aware of this when reviewing articles included in the Lit Reps.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Several studies in recent days have explored the possibility of antibody screening as an alternative or supplemental diagnostic test for COVID-19. Results have been largely promising, especially for combined RT-PCR and antibody testing.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Closed environments have been tied to increased disease transmission, as evidenced by several COVID-19 outbreaks in places like hospitals, long-term care facilities, and cruise ships.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>A new hospital-based environmental hygiene study detected SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces and in air samples. Authors offer four key recommendations to improve infection control in hospitals.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>The time required for a patient to fully clear the SARS-CoV-2 virus is still under study, though new evidence suggests that certain therapeutic treatment options may delay full viral clearance.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<h3>Article Summaries<\/h3>\n<div class=\"js-accordion\" data-accordion-prefix-classes=\"uw-accordion-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transmission and Geographic Spread<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4800\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Closed environments facilitate secondary transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Closed environments appear to contribute to secondary transmission of COVID-19 and also promote superspreading events. Declining incidence rates in China after social distancing was enforced further supports this conclusion.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nishiura et al. (Mar 3, 2020). Closed environments facilitate secondary transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pre-print downloaded Mar 3 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.28.20029272\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.28.20029272<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4798\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">A Chinese Case of COVID-19 Did Not Show Infectivity During the Incubation Period: Based on an Epidemiological Survey<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While current evidence points to probably asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19, the evidence is not entirely definitive. This case study did not find evidence of asymptomatic transmission after an epidemiologic assessment of a confirmed patient in Korea.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bae (Mar 2, 2020).A Chinese Case of COVID-19 Did Not Show Infectivity During the Incubation Period: Based on an Epidemiological Survey. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpmph.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3961\/jpmph.20.048\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.jpmph.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.3961\/jpmph.20.048<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4796\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Community Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Shenzhen, China, 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Shenzhen, China, community and family transmission of COVID-19 are outpacing transmission from individuals with known exposures or travel history to Hubei province. An increase in pediatric cases may be attributable to more exposure opportunities due to community transmission. The authors discuss important strategies for reducing transmission, including early screening, diagnosis, isolation, and treatment, in addition to special considerations to prevent nosocomial infections.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Liu et al. (Mar 3, 2020). Community Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Shenzhen, China, 2020. Emerging Infectious Diseases. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2606.200239\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2606.200239<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Testing and Treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4812\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another study has drawn attention to the possibility of convalescent plasma as a treatment option for COVID-19, calling for further safety and efficacy testing.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chen et al. (Feb 27, 2020). Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30141-9\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30141-9<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4810\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical significance of IgM and IgG test for diagnosis of highly suspected COVID-19 infection<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A study of 57 patients, some with and some without confirmed COVID-19, was conducted to assess the accuracy and utility of IgM and IgG serological testing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jia et al. (Mar 3, 2020). Clinical significance of IgM and IgG test for diagnosis of highly suspected COVID-19 infection. Pre-print downloaded Mar 3 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.28.20029025\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.28.20029025<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4808\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This paper offers a review of current literature on laboratory considerations for testing for COVID-19 and descriptions of specific abnormalities used for diagnostic and prognostic decisions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lippi and Plebani (Mar 3, 2020). Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection. CCLM. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2020-0198\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2020-0198<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4806\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Reverse transcription RT-LAMP method<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This study evaluated the use of RT-LAMP for diagnosing COVID-19. Sensitivity was similar to RT-PCR and specificity was 99%.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yang et al. (Mar 2, 2020). Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Reverse transcription RT-LAMP method. Pre-print downloaded Mar 3 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.02.20030130\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.02.20030130<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4804\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Fecal specimen diagnosis 2019 Novel Coronavirus\u2013Infected Pneumonia<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A case series study found that fecal specimens were equally accurate in detecting SARS-CoV-2 compared to nucleic acid tests. Patients with positive stool samples did not exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms and presence of the virus in the stool was not associated with the severity of lung infection.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zhang et al. (Mar 3, 2020). Fecal specimen diagnosis 2019 Novel Coronavirus\u2013Infected Pneumonia. Journal of Medical Virology.<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25742\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25742<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4802\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Seroconversion was evaluated for 173 COVID-19 patients in China. Less than 40% of patients showed presence of antibodies during the first 7 days of illness, but this rapidly increased over subsequent days to 100% (Ab), 94.3% (IgM), and 79.8% (IgG). Combining RNA and antibody tests significantly improved diagnostic sensitivity, even in the first 7 days of illness. Higher Ab titer was also associated with increased illness severity.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zhao et al. (Mar 3, 2020). Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019. Pre-print downloaded Mar 3 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.02.20030189\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.02.20030189<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4822\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">A case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in a pregnant woman with preterm delivery<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The authors describe the case of a 30-week pregnant COVID-19 patient who underwent emergency cesarean section and delivered a healthy baby with no COVID-19 infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wang et al. (Feb 28, 2020). A case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in a pregnant woman with preterm delivery. Clinical Infectious Diseases. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa200\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa200<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4820\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">The persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease survivors<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">RT-PCR results for biological samples of 66 recovering COVID-19 patients were used to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 clearance time and influencing factors. Viral clearance in stool samples was delayed compared to oropharyngeal swabs. Furthermore, this delay was pronounced among patients who were treated with corticosteroids, suggesting that treatment with corticosteroids should be considered with caution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ling et al. (Feb 28, 2020). The persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease survivors. Chinese Medical Journal. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/cmj\/Abstract\/publishahead\/Persistence_and_clearance_of_viral_RNA_in_2019.99362.aspx\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/cmj\/Abstract\/publishahead\/Persistence_and_clearance_of_viral_RNA_in_2019.99362.aspx<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4818\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Coronavirus disinfection in histopathology<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This paper offers recommendations for laboratory safety and disinfection methods for use in histotechnology processes.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Henwood (Mar 1, 2020). Coronavirus disinfection in histopathology. Journal of Histotechnology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01478885.2020.1734718\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01478885.2020.1734718<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4816\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Clinical Data on Hospital Environmental Hygiene Monitoring and Medical Staff Protection during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jiang et al describe a study of air and surface contamination in a Chinese hospital to evaluate environmental hygiene and to support improved infection control practices.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jiang et al. (Mar 2, 2020). Clinical Data on Hospital Environmental Hygiene Monitoring and Medical Staff Protection during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak. Pre-print downloaded Mar 3 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.25.20028043\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.25.20028043<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4814\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely associated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load appears to be associated with increased illness severity. Inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels were also 10 times higher among critically ill patients compared to other patients.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chen et al. (Mar 3, 2020). Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely associated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Pre-print downloaded Mar 3 from<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.29.20029520\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.29.20029520<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mental Health and Personal Impact<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4826\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Li et al gathered information on vicarious traumatization (VT) of frontline and non-frontline nurses and compared it to VT of the general public. VT symptoms include appetite changes, fatigue, sleep disturbance, difficulty with focus, irritability, numbness, fear, and despair.\u00a0 All three groups have experienced VT under the spread of COVID-19, with the general public reporting VT most frequently compared to both nurse groups. Frontline nurses reported lower VT than other nurses.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The authors hypothesize that differences in VT were related to length of clinical experience, more knowledge about the disease, and access to information. The authors recommend early intervention for VT and psychological stress and transparent communication as primary methods of mitigating the stress.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Li et al. (Mar 2, 2020). Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Pre-print downloaded Mar 3 from <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.29.20029322\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.29.20029322<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"su-post-4824\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An estimated 220 million children have experienced home confinement in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. China has implemented its emergency home schooling plan, and courses online and via TV are available to mitigate some of the educational impact on children.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While there can be some benefits to home confinement, including more family interaction and communication, PTSD symptoms have been shown to be 4 times higher among children who experience quarantine, while confinement can also yield decreased physical activity, increased screen time, and poor food choices.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The authors encourage local professionals to help develop social networks and materials for families, and encourage psychologists and social workers to provide psychological support and assistance for children and families.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wang et al. (Mar 3, 2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30547-X\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30547-X<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"js-accordion__panel\" >\n<h2 class=\"js-accordion__header\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public Health Policy and Practice<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-posts su-posts-default-loop\">\n<div id=\"su-post-4828\" class=\"su-post\">\n<h5 class=\"su-post-title\">Active Monitoring of Persons Exposed to Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 \u2014 United States, January\u2013February 2020<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<!-- \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"su-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t: \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n --><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-post-excerpt\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this MMWR, authors describe active monitoring in the US of people with confirmed exposures to COVID-19 patients.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Burke et al. (Mar 3, 2020). Active Monitoring of Persons Exposed to Patients with Confirmed <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COVID-19 \u2014 United States, January\u2013February 2020. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6909e1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6909e1<\/span><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- <a href=\"\" class=\"su-post-comments-link\"><\/a> --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Other Resources<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2009, the American Journal of Public Health published a special supplement on pandemic influenza preparedness in vulnerable populations. Articles covered a broad range of communities and may be informative for COVID-19 preparedness and response efforts.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.164814\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Protecting Vulnerable Populations From Pandemic Influenza in the United States:<\/span><b> A Strategic Imperative<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.162537\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Effective Health <\/span><b>Risk Communication<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> About Pandemic Influenza for Vulnerable Populations<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2008.154054\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Among <\/span><b>Immigrants and Refugees<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2008.154054\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pandemic Influenza Planning: Addressing the Needs of <\/span><b>Children<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.161091\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pandemic Influenza and Farmworkers: The Effects of <\/span><b>Employment, Social, and Economic Factor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">s<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.161125\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Role of the <\/span><b>Primary Care<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Safety Net in Pandemic Influenza<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2008.152900\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pandemic Influenza and <\/span><b>Pregnant Women<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Summary of a Meeting of Experts<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.161505\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Protection of <\/span><b>Racial\/Ethnic Minority<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Populations During an Influenza Pandemic<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2008.158170\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pandemic Influenza: Implications for <\/span><b>Programs Controlling for HIV Infection, Tuberculosis, and Chronic Viral Hepatitis<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2008.157453\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Vulnerable Populations in <\/span><b>Tribal Communities<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.162677\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preparing for and Responding to Pandemic Influenza: Implications for <\/span><b>People With Disabilities<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.165134\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Among <\/span><b>Public-Housing Residents, Single-Parent Families, and Low-Income Populations<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2008.157339\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Protecting Home <\/span><b>Health Care Workers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: A Challenge to Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Planning<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Several studies in recent days have explored the possibility of antibody screening as an alternative or supplemental diagnostic test for COVID-19. Results have been largely promising, especially for combined RT-PCR and antibody testing. <\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/2020\/03\/03\/active-monitoring-of-persons-exposed-to-patients-with-confirmed-covid-19-united-states-january-february-2020\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1174,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-4795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-covid-19-literature-situation-report"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4795"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4795\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4831,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4795\/revisions\/4831"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4795"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4795"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4795"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/pandemicalliance\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=4795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}